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1. Numerical Study on the Critical Detection of Subsurface Dielectric Scatterers with GPR Systems

Author

Galli, A., Davide Comite, Valerio, G., Pettinelli, E., Galli, A, Comite, D, Valerio, G, Pettinelli, Elena, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Rome 3, Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications, Antenna detection at an interface, Ground Penetrating Radar, Scattering from buried dielectric objects
Abstract

International audience; In this work, a numerical investigation is presented on the correct location of dielectric scatterers in a shallow subsurface by means of Ground Penetrating Radars (GPRs) operating in testing conditions. It is specifically investigated the critical problem of detecting targets whose dimensions are comparable to the typical signal wavelengths and are buried very close to the interface where ground-coupled bistatic antenna systems operate. The quantitative analysis has mainly been led through full-wave numerical simulations from a customized implementation of a time-domain CAD tool. Two different types of GPR instruments have in particular been simulated, emphasizing what kind of differences can occur from their use. The relevant results are discussed within a theoretical frame that considers the different wave propagation contributions to the scattering problem, making also use for comparison of suitable experimental data from a laboratory setup. The significant information thus achieved finds application in a variety of practical scenarios involving GPR sensing.

Published
2013

2. GPR detectability of rocks in a Martian-like shallow subsoil: A numerical approach

Author

Valerio, Guido, Galli, Alessandro, Barone Pier, Matteo, Lauro, S.E., Mattei, E., Pettinelli, Elena, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Rome 3, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012
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3. SHARAD Performance and Science Results

Author

Roberto Seu, Giovanni Picardi, Arturo Masdea, Daniela Biccari, Marco Provenziani, Marco Cutigni, Emanuele Giacomoni, Oreste Fuga, Marinangeli, L., Elena Pettinelli, Orosei, R., Alessandro Frigeri, Enrico Flamini, Roger Phillips, Carter, Lynn M., Jeffrey Plaut, Ali Safaeinili, Holt, John W., Carlton Leuschen, Smrekar, Suzanne E., Campbell, Bruce A., Wlodek Kofman, Dipartimento INFOCOM [Roma], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], International Research School of Planetary Sciences [Pescara] (IRSPS), Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Rome 3, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Center for Earth and Planetary Studies [Washington] (CEPS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution-Smithsonian Institution, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS), University of Kansas [Lawrence] (KU), Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble (LPG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Seu, R., Picardi, G., Masdea, A., Biccari, D., Provenziani, M., Cutigni, M., Giacomoni, E., Fuga, O., Marinangeli, L., Pettinelli, Elena, Orosei, R., Frigeri, A., Flamini, E., Phillips, R. J., Carter, L. M., Plaut, J. J., Safaeinili, A., Holt, J. W., Leuschen, C. J., Smrekar, S. E., Campbell, B., and Kofman, W.

Subjects
ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS
Abstract

International audience; This presentation will be about the overall science performance and results of the shallow radar SHARAD on the MRO mission.

Published
2007

4. Accumulation and erosion of Mars' south polar layered deposits

Author

Giovanni Picardi, M. Cutigni, Nathaniel E. Putzig, E. Giacomoni, M. R. Santovito, Elena Pettinelli, Antonio Di Placido, Marco Bortone, Roberto Seu, Paolo Marras, John W. Holt, Lynn M. Carter, O. Fuga, Marco Cartacci, M. Provenziani, S. Mattei, Paolo Persi del Marmo, Claudio Papa, Diego Calabrese, Wlodek Kofman, Roberto Orosei, Jeffrey J. Plaut, Yonggyu Gim, Renato Croci, Salvatore Dinardo, Francesco Bonaventura, Giulia Pica, Anna Croce, Lucia Marinangeli, Roger J. Phillips, Suzanne E. Smrekar, Ali Safaeinili, Barbara Tattarletti, Claudio Catallo, Danilo Vicari, Franco Fois, Daniela Biccari, Enrico Flamini, Mauro Guelfi, Giovanni Alberti, Carlton J. Leuschen, Giuseppe Salzillo, S. M. Milkovich, Bruce A. Campbell, A. Masdea, Costanzo Federico, Jeremie Mouginot, Riccardo Mecozzi, Tobia Paternò, Alessandro Frigeri, Antonio Morlupi, F. Russo, Dipartimento INFOCOM [Roma], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Consorzio di Ricerca Sistemi di Telesensori Avanzati, Info Solution Spa, Thales Alenia Space Italia, Smithsonian Institution, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble (LPG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Kansas [Lawrence] (KU), International Research School of Planetary Sciences [Pescara] (IRSPS), Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Dipartimento di Fisica, and University of Rome 3

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Extraterrestrial Environment, FEATURES, Stratification (water), Mars, TOPOGRAPHY, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Paleontology, Orbiter, SUBSURFACE, law, 0103 physical sciences, Paleoclimatology, HISTORY, Radar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, MISSION, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ice, Mars Exploration Program, biology.organism_classification, RADAR, CAP, Lingula, Depth sounding, 13. Climate action, Polar, Geology
Abstract

International audience; Mars' polar regions are covered with ice-rich layered deposits that potentially contain a record of climate variations. The sounding radar SHARAD on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapped detailed subsurface stratigraphy in the Promethei Lingula region of the south polar plateau, Planum Australe. Radar reflections interpreted as layers are correlated across adjacent orbits and are continuous for up to 150 kilometers along spacecraft orbital tracks. The reflectors are often separated into discrete reflector sequences, and strong echoes are seen as deep as 1 kilometer. In some cases, the sequences are dipping with respect to each other, suggesting an interdepositional period of erosion. In Australe Sulci, layers are exhumed, indicating recent erosion.

Published
2007
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5. MARSIS subsurface sounding observations of the south polar layered deposits of Mars

Author

Jeffrey Plaut, Giovanni Picardi, Andrea Cicchetti, Stephen Clifford, Peter Edenhofer, William Farrell, Costanzo Federico, Alessandro Frigeri, Essam Heggy, Alain Hérique, Anton Ivanov, Rolando Jordan, Wlodek Kofman, Carlton Leuschen, Marinangeli, L., Erling Nielsen, Ori, G., Orosei, R., Elena Pettinelli, Roger Phillips, Dirk Plettemeier, Ali Safaeinili, Roberto Seu, Ellen Stofan, Giuliano Vannaroni, Thomas Watters, Williams, I., Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Dipartimento INFOCOM [Roma], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble (LPG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), International Research School of Planetary Sciences [Pescara] (IRSPS), Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Rome 3, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Fakultaet fuer Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Proxemy Research Inc, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Center for Earth and Planetary Studies [Washington] (CEPS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution-Smithsonian Institution, Astronomy Unit [London] (AU), and Queen Mary University of London (QMUL)

Abstract

EGU06-A-06659; The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) on the Mars Express orbiter obtained data over the North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD)and found that they were easily penetrated to their base by the radar signal, and that the deposits must be nearly pure ice. In addition, there was no evidence for deflection of the lower contact of the NPLD with the substrate, implying a thick elastic lithosphere beneath that sector of the NPLD. Here we report on new MARSIS observations of the South Polar Layered Deposits (SPLD). The radar echoes from the surface of the SPLD are typically comparable in strength or weaker than those from surrounding smooth Mars surfaces. The signals clearly penetrate deep into the deposits at all frequency bands. In most cases, a strong reflection is seen at a time delay consistent with the expected depth of the contact of the SPLD materials with the substrate, as observed on the NPLD. Over the highest elevation SPLD surfaces, near 0° longitude, the estimated depth to the lower interface is about 3 km. In some areas, the lower interface is not clearly detected. Multiple internal interfaces are common. These can be quite continuous, over several 100 km in many cases. Some internal interfaces are substantially brighter than others, and some differences are seen in the apparent internal structure at different MARSIS frequencies. Certain regions observed multiple times consistently show a strong local brightening of the echo from the lower interface. Many areas show a gradual, rather than abrupt, decline in echo strength at time delays beyond the lower interface. Thin layered units off the main SPLD are also penetrated by MARSIS, with a second interface detected at their lower boundaries.

Published
2006

6. Radar Soundings of the Subsurface of Mars

Author

R. L. Huff, Rolando L. Jordan, G. Picardi, Dirk Plettemeier, D. L. Kirchner, Alessandro Frigeri, Costanzo Federico, William T. K. Johnson, Anton B. Ivanov, Thomas R. Watters, Daniela Biccari, Marco Cartacci, Stephen M. Clifford, Peter Edenhofer, Roberto Seu, Andrea Cicchetti, William M. Farrell, Ellen R. Stofan, Donald A. Gurnett, Roger J. Phillips, Giuliano Vannaroni, Roberto Orosei, Jeffrey J. Plaut, Wlodek Kofman, Diego Calabrese, Essam Heggy, Erling Nielsen, Alain Herique, Elena Pettinelli, Carlton J. Leuschen, O. Bombaci, E. Zampolini, Ali Safaeinili, Tor Hagfors, Dipartimento INFOCOM [Roma], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), ALENIA Aeronautica (ALENIA), ALENIA Aeronautica, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble (LPG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Rome 3, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Fakultaet fuer Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Proxemy Research Inc, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Center for Earth and Planetary Studies [Washington] (CEPS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution-Smithsonian Institution, G., Picardi, J. J., Plaut, D., Biccari, O., Bombaci, D., Calabrese, M., Cartacci, A., Cicchetti, S. M., Clifford, P., Edenhofer, W. M., Farrel, C., Federico, A., Frigeri, D. A., Gurnet, T., Hagfor, E., Heggy, A., Herique, R. L., Huff, A. B., Ivanov, W. T. K., Johnson, R. L., Jordan, D. L., Kirchner, W., Kofman, C. J., Leushen, E., Nielsen, R., Orosei, Pettinelli, Elena, R. J., Phillip, D., Plettemeier, A., Safaeinili, R., Seu, E. R., Stofan, G., Vannaroni, T. R., Watter, and E., Zampolini

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mars, MARSIS, subsurface, 01 natural sciences, radar, law.invention, Orbiter, law, Radar imaging, 0103 physical sciences, GEOLOGIC HISTORY, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Martian, Multidisciplinary, Mars Exploration Program, Atmosphere of Mars, Chryse Planitia, Ionospheric sounding, EVOLUTION, radar subsurface mars, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The martian subsurface has been probed to kilometer depths by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding instrument aboard the Mars Express orbiter. Signals penetrate the polar layered deposits, probably imaging the base of the deposits. Data from the northern lowlands of Chryse Planitia have revealed a shallowly buried quasi-circular structure about 250 kilometers in diameter that is interpreted to be an impact basin. In addition, a planar reflector associated with the basin structure may indicate the presence of a low-loss deposit that is more than 1 kilometer thick.

Published
2005
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7. MARSIS Subsurface Sounding Observations of the South Polar Region of Mars

Author

Jeffrey Plaut, Giovanni Picardi, Andrea Cicchetti, Stephen Clifford, Peter Edenhofer, William Farrell, Costanzo Federico, Alessandro Frigeri, Essam Heggy, Alain Hérique, Anton Ivanov, Rolando Jordan, Wlodek Kofman, Carlton Leuschen, Milkovich, S., Jeremie Mouginot, Erling Nielsen, Orosei, R., Elena Pettinelli, Roger Phillips, Dirk Plettemeier, Ali Safaeinili, Roberto Seu, Ellen Stofan, Giuliano Vannaroni, Thomas Watters, Williams, I., Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Dipartimento INFOCOM [Roma], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble (LPG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Rome 3, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Fakultaet fuer Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Proxemy Research Inc, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Center for Earth and Planetary Studies [Washington] (CEPS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution-Smithsonian Institution, Astronomy Unit [London] (AU), and Queen Mary University of London (QMUL)

Abstract

International audience; The MARSIS radar sounder on Mars Express completed a comprehensive mapping campaign of the south polar region. The radar signal typically penetrates to the base of the layered deposits. Terrain outside of the classic layered deposits also exhibits layering in the radar data.

8. Theoretical and experimental investigations on the performance of Ground Penetrating Radars in challenging operational conditions

Author

Galli, A., Davide Comite, Valerio, G., Barone, P. M., Lauro, S. E., Mattei, E., Pettinelli, E., Vannaroni, G., Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Rome 3, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galli, A, Comite, D, Valerio, G, Barone P., M, Lauro, Sebastian, Mattei, Elisabetta, Pettinelli, Elena, Vannaroni, G., and Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION, Ground penetrating radar, antenna separation, artificial dielectric, ROCKS, MARS, MARTIAN SUBSURFACE
Abstract

""In various important applications, Ground. Penetrating Radar (GPR) instruments are demanded to. operate in particularly challenging conditions, e.g., for the. detection of variously-sized and shaped buried rocks in the. shallow planetary subsurface, with close Tx\\\/Rx antennas. placed at the soil interface (as in the planned ESA “ExoMars”. mission, having a GPR onboard an on-site rover). In such. cases, the GPR should be able to locate properly scatterers at. depths where the usual far-field operation could no longer be. fulfilled and the relevant performance depends in a much more. involved fashion on various physical parameters. This kind of. problem is analyzed here by applying different compared. approaches. A specific laboratory setup has been realized,. with different commercial GPR systems working on an. artificial dielectric box with buried scatterers. Based on. proper processing of the measured radargrams, the depth of. shallow subsurface rocky blocks in a sandy soil has been. estimated in connection with the different GPR features. The. validity of the results has been checked with suitable reference. data, considering the theoretical frame to take into account. various critical setup parameters (host medium features,. geometrical and physical characteristics of the inclusions, GPR. operating wavelengths, antenna separation, etc.). Further. useful information has been derived by suitably implementing. a full-wave numerical approach, able to accurately study the. features of the waves detected by the GPRs with flexible. parameterization. Helpful and reliable criteria can be. achieved for proper design of such type of instruments in. future planetary missions.""

9. Imaging Based Techniques Combined with Color Measurements for the Enhancement of Medieval Wall Paintings in the Framework of EHEM Project.

Author

Pogliani P, Pelosi C, Lanteri L, and Bordi G

Abstract

(1) Background: This paper illustrates an innovative methodological approach chosen to study and map the colors of the medieval wall painting of Santa Maria Antiqua in the Roman Forum, one of the pilot sites of the EHEM project (Enhancement of Heritage Experiences: The Middle Ages). Digital Layered Models of Architecture and Mural Paintings over Time). (2) Methods: Two methods were employed to gather information about colors and mapping. Specifically, colorimetry was utilized for spot measurements, and hypercolorimetric multispectral imaging (HMI) was employed to map the same colors sampled through colorimetry. (3) Results: Chromatic data for all colors in the wall paintings were obtained in the CIELAB color space. Additionally, chromatic similarity maps were generated using the innovative HMI system, a multispectral imaging technique capable of obtaining color data information through advanced calibration software named SpectraPick ® (Version 1.1). This comprehensive approach facilitates a thorough understanding of color characteristics and distribution. (4) Conclusions: The color measurements and mapping represent significant advancements in the interpretation of medieval wall paintings, which are often fragmentary and stratigraphically complex. This research sheds new light on the colors used and enhances our understanding of the original appearance of the iconographic patterns. Furthermore, it enables the reconstruction of colors that closely resemble the originals.

Published
2024
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10. Traumatic Experiences and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Dissociation.

Author

Santoro G, Sideli L, Gugliemucci F, Terrone G, and Schimmenti A

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Latent Class Analysis, Dissociative Disorders epidemiology, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder epidemiology
Abstract

Abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) are positively associated with exposure to traumatic experiences and dissociative symptoms in both clinical and community samples. The current study was aimed at investigating the relationships between traumatic experiences, dissociation, and OCSs. A sample of 333 community adults (56.8% females) aged from 18 to 56 years (mean [SD], 25.64 [6.70] years) completed measures on traumatic experiences, dissociative symptoms, and OCSs. A structural equation modeling (SEM) framework was used to test if dissociative symptoms mediated the relationship between traumatic experiences and OCSs. SEM analyses showed that dissociation fully mediated the predictive association between traumatic experiences of emotional neglect and abuse and OCSs in the sample. Accordingly, some individuals suffering from OCSs might benefit from clinical interventions aimed at processing and integrating traumatic experiences., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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11. The Relationship Between Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Dissociation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author

Sideli L, Santoro G, Fontana A, Guglielmucci F, Caretti V, and Schimmenti A

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Comorbidity, Dissociative Disorders diagnosis, Prevalence, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder epidemiology, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder complications, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder diagnosis
Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between dissociation and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and disorder (OCD). Specifically, the study aimed to (a) estimate the pooled prevalence of dissociative disorders among individuals with OCD; (b) systematically review the prevalence of OCD among individuals with dissociative disorders; (c) compare the severity of dissociative symptoms between individuals with OCD and non-clinical controls; (d) estimate the association between OCS and dissociative symptoms in the clinical and non-clinical populations. A systematic search was carried out in biomedical databases from inception to January 2022 according to PRISMA guidelines. A total of 41 studies met inclusion criteria ( n  = 9,438, 34.3% males). The pooled prevalence of dissociative disorders in adult samples with OCD was 8% (95% CI [3, 15], k  = 5). Studies on adolescent and adult patients with dissociative disorders found that 17-32% reported comorbid OCD, while a prospective study of patients with early-onset dissociative disorders found no evidence of association with OCD. Individuals affected by OCD reported more dissociative symptoms than non-clinical controls ( g  = .67, 95% CI [.18, 1.16], k  = 9). A moderate correlation between dissociative symptoms and OCS was detected ( r  = .43, 95% CI [.36, .51], k  = 18). Sensitivity analyses showed small/moderate correlations between dissociative experiences and specific types of obsessions and compulsions. Findings suggest that dissociative symptoms are moderately related to OCS in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Interventions aimed to reduce dissociation might improve treatment response of patients suffering from OCD.

Published
2023
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12. Gendered genital modifications in critical anthropology: from discourses on FGM/C to new technologies in the sex/gender system.

Author

Fusaschi M

Subjects
Female, Male, Humans, Human Rights, Sexual Behavior, Sexuality, Clitoris, Circumcision, Female
Abstract

Since the late 19th century, genital modifications (female and male) have been an important research subject in anthropology. According to a comparative and constructivist perspective, they were first interpreted as rites of passage, then as rites of institutions. In a complex dialogue with feminist movements, 20th-century scholars recognised that the cultural meanings of these modifications are multiple and changing in time and space. Conversely, according to WHO, since the 1950s, Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting (FGM/C) has been considered a form of Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG). Interpreted as VAWG, FGM/C has progressively been isolated from its complementary male rite, selected for special condemnation, and banned. An order of discourse has been built by WHO and other international organisations. This article provides a genealogic deconstruction of the order of discourse lexicon, highlighting dislocations between anthropology and the human rights agenda. Today, genital modifications encompass FGM/C, male circumcision, clitoral reconstruction after FGM/C, gender reassignment surgery, and intersex and 'cosmetic' genital surgery. I propose to call these procedures Gendered Genital Modifications (GGMo). GGMo implicates public health, well-being, potential harm, sexuality, moral and social norms, gender empowerment, gender violence, and prohibitive and permissive policies and laws. The selective production of knowledge on FGM/C has reinforced the social and political polarisation between practices labelled as barbaric and others considered modern, accessible, and empowering. I suggest an anthropological interpretation for the socio-cultural meanings of health, sexuality, purity and beauty. I propose future interdisciplinary studies of how consent, bodily integrity and personal autonomy bear on concepts of agency and subjectivity in the sex/gender system., (© 2022. The Authors.)

Published
2023
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15. Ebola virus disease 2013-2014 outbreak in west Africa: an analysis of the epidemic spread and response.

Author

Cenciarelli O, Pietropaoli S, Malizia A, Carestia M, D'Amico F, Sassolini A, Di Giovanni D, Rea S, Gabbarini V, Tamburrini A, Palombi L, Bellecci C, and Gaudio P

Abstract

The Ebola virus epidemic burst in West Africa in late 2013, started in Guinea, reached in a few months an alarming diffusion, actually involving several countries (Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Senegal, and Mali). Guinea and Liberia, the first nations affected by the outbreak, have put in place measures to contain the spread, supported by international organizations; then they were followed by the other nations affected. In the present EVD outbreak, the geographical spread of the virus has followed a new route: the achievement of large urban areas at an early stage of the epidemic has led to an unprecedented diffusion, featuring the largest outbreak of EVD of all time. This has caused significant concerns all over the world: the potential reaching of far countries from endemic areas, mainly through fast transports, induced several countries to issue information documents and health supervision for individuals going to or coming from the areas at risk. In this paper the geographical spread of the epidemic was analyzed, assessing the sequential appearance of cases by geographic area, considering the increase in cases and mortality according to affected nations. The measures implemented by each government and international organizations to contain the outbreak, and their effectiveness, were also evaluated.

Published
2015
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17. Effects of Posidonia oceanica beach-cast on germination, growth and nutrient uptake of coastal dune plants.

Author

Del Vecchio S, Marbà N, Acosta A, Vignolo C, and Traveset A

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Germination, Mediterranean Region, Alismatales, Ecosystem, Plant Development
Abstract

Seagrass meadows play an important role in marine ecosystems. A part of seagrass production is also exported to adjacent coastal terrestrial systems, possibly influencing their functioning. In this work we experimentally analyzed the effect of Posidonia oceanica beach-cast on plant germination, growth, and nutrient uptake of two plant species (Cakile maritima and Elymus farctus) that grow on upper beaches and fore dunes along the Mediterranean coasts. We compared plants growing in simple sand (control) with those growing in a substrate enriched with P. oceanica wrack (treatment) in laboratory. P. oceanica wrack doubled the N substrate pool and kept the substrate humid. Plants growing in the treated substrate grew faster, were twice as large as those growing in the control substrate, while tissues were enriched in N and P (Cakile by the 1.3 fold in N and 2.5 fold in P; Elymus by 1.5 fold in N and 2 fold in P). Our results suggest a positive effect of seagrass litter for the enhancing of dune species, highlighting its role for the conservation of coastal dune ecosystems.

Published
2013
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18. Nitric oxide involvement in Hydra vulgaris very primitive olfactory-like system.

Author

Colasanti M, Venturini G, Merante A, Musci G, and Lauro GM

Subjects
Animals, Calcium physiology, Calmodulin physiology, Cyclic GMP physiology, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Feeding Behavior drug effects, Molsidomine analogs & derivatives, Molsidomine pharmacology, NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester pharmacology, Nitric Oxide antagonists & inhibitors, Nitric Oxide Synthase antagonists & inhibitors, Nitric Oxide Synthase metabolism, Nitrites metabolism, Nitroprusside pharmacology, Hydra physiology, Nitric Oxide physiology, Olfactory Pathways physiology
Abstract

Hydra feeding response is a very primitive olfactory-like behavior present in a multicellular organism. We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the induction and control of hydra feeding response. Under basal conditions, hydra specimens produce detectable amounts of nitrite (NO2-), the breakdown product of NO. When hydra were incubated with reduced glutathione (GSH), the typical activator of feeding response, an increase of basal NO production was observed. This effect was inhibited by glutamic or alpha-aminoadipic acids, two GSH antagonists, which block GSH-induced feeding response, and by the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME. Moreover, we found that hydra possess a calcium-dependent (but calmodulin-independent) NOS isoform. By using exogenous NO donors and NOS inhibitors, we demonstrated that NO stimulus can participate both in triggering tentacular movements and in recruiting neighbor tentacles during hydra feeding response. By using dbt2-cGMP, an analog to cGMP, we observed that the NO effect was independent of cGMP pathway. Our results strongly implicate NO involvement in hydra very primitive feeding behavior, thus confirming its preservation throughout evolution.

Published
1997

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