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187 results on '"University of Rhode Island (URI)"'

1. Machine learning techniques to characterize functional traits of plankton from image data

Author: Eric C. Orenstein, Sakina‐Dorothée Ayata, Frédéric Maps, Érica C. Becker, Fabio Benedetti, Tristan Biard, Thibault de Garidel‐Thoron, Jeffrey S. Ellen, Filippo Ferrario, Sarah L. C. Giering, Tamar Guy‐Haim, Laura Hoebeke, Morten Hvitfeldt Iversen, Thomas Kiørboe, Jean‐François Lalonde, Arancha Lana, Martin Laviale, Fabien Lombard, Tom Lorimer, Séverine Martini, Albin Meyer, Klas Ove Möller, Barbara Niehoff, Mark D. Ohman, Cédric Pradalier, Jean‐Baptiste Romagnan, Simon‐Martin Schröder, Virginie Sonnet, Heidi M. Sosik, Lars S. Stemmann, Michiel Stock, Tuba Terbiyik‐Kurt, Nerea Valcárcel‐Pérez, Laure Vilgrain, Guillaume Wacquet, Anya M. Waite, Jean‐Olivier Irisson, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research - IOLR (ISRAEL), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), DTU Centre for Ocean Life, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Laboratoire de Vision et Systèmes Numériques (LVSN), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Kiel University, University of Rhode Island (URI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Cukurova University, Centro Oceanografico de Malaga [Fuengirola, Spain] (COM), Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Málaga (Spain), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (IFREMER EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Belmont Forum, Université Laval, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Research Foundation - Flanders, ETH Zürich, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Institut Universitaire de France, Simons Foundation, Sorbonne Université, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Halieutique Grand Ouest (HALGO), Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Málaga., ANR-19-CE01-0006,RhiCycle,Role des Rhizaria dans les cycles biogéochimiques de l'océan épi- et mésoplélagique(2019), ANR-18-BELM-0003,WWW.PIC,World Wide Web of Plankton Image Curation(2018), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche [LOV], Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 [LOG], Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] [UFSC], Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] [IBP], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement [CEREGE], National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] [NOC], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [UGENT], Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research [AWI], Laboratoire de Vision et Systèmes Numériques [LVSN], Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats [IMEDEA], Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux [LIEC], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] [EAWAG], Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie [MIO], Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique [EMH], University of Rhode Island [URI], Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution [WHOI], and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer [IFREMER]
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION, CELL-VOLUME, Functional trait-based ecology, plankton, imaging, machine learning, PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS, Biology and Life Sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, SIZE, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, PHYTOPLANKTON, LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS, FLUORESCENCE, Medio Marino, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, GONAD MORPHOLOGY, MARINE COPEPODS, PELAGIC COPEPODS, SDG 15 - Life on Land
Abstract: Plankton imaging systems supported by automated classification and analysis have improved ecologists' ability to observe aquatic ecosystems. Today, we are on the cusp of reliably tracking plankton populations with a suite of lab-based and in situ tools, collecting imaging data at unprecedentedly fine spatial and temporal scales. But these data have potential well beyond examining the abundances of different taxa; the individual images themselves contain a wealth of information on functional traits. Here, we outline traits that could be measured from image data, suggest machine learning and computer vision approaches to extract functional trait information from the images, and discuss promising avenues for novel studies. The approaches we discuss are data agnostic and are broadly applicable to imagery of other aquatic or terrestrial organisms., SDA acknowledges funding from CNRS for her sabbatical in 2018–2020. JOI acknowledges funding from the Belmont Forum, grant ANR-18-BELM-0003-01. This work is a contribution to the scientific program of Québec Océan and the Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (UMI3376; CNRS - Université Laval). FM was supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant (RGPIN-2014-05433). MS is supported by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO17/PDO/067). FB received support from ETH Zürich. MDO is supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the U.S. National Science Foundation. ECB is supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) under the grant agreement no. 88882.438735/2019-01. TB is supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-19-CE01-0006). NVP is supported by the Spanish State Research Agency, Ministry of Science and Innovation (PTA2016-12822-I). FL is supported by the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF). HMS was supported by the Simons Foundation (561126) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (CCF-1539256, OCE-1655686). LS was supported by the Chair VISION from CNRS/Sorbonne Université.
Published: 2021

2. Hydroclimate reconstruction during the last 1000 years inferred from the mineralogical and geochemical composition of a sediment core from Lake-Azuei (Haiti)

Author: David Noncent, Abdelfettah Sifeddine, Evens Emmanuel, Marie-Helene Cormier, Francisco J Briceño-Zuluaga, Mercedes Mendez-Millan, Bruno Turcq, Sandrine Caquineau, Jorge Valdés, Juan Pablo Bernal, John W King, Irina Djouraev, Fethiye Cetin, Heather Sloan, Université Quisqueya, Faculté des Sciences, de Génie et d'Architecture (FSGA), LMI CARIBACT, URGéo, Université d’Etat d’Haïti, Faculté des Sciences (UEH, FDS), Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Rhode Island (URI), New Granada Military University (UMNG), Laboratorio de Sedimentologıa y Paleoambientes (LASPAL), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Lehman College [CUNY], and City University of New York [New York] (CUNY)
Subjects: Archeology, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Paleontology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; This study aims to reconstruct the hydro-climatic variations over the last 1000 years in Haiti using mineralogical and geochemical composition of well dated lacustrine sediment core retrieved from Lake Azuei. The results show changes in sedimentological processes linked to environmental and climatic variations. The general pattern suggests a wetter Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), drier Little Ice Age (LIA), high climate variability during the MCA-LIA transition and more anthropogenic impacts that dominate natural climate during the Current Warm Period (CWP). The MCA period (~1000–1100 CE) thus appears marked by increase sedimentation rate supported by higher terrigenous input linked to erosive events particularly increases in precipitation. During the LIA, particularly from ~1450 to 1600 CE, there is a great variation toward a decrease of terrigenous input, which is related to a decrease on sedimentation rate and increase Mg-calcite precipitation, suggesting less precipitation and high evaporation respectively during dry climate conditions. The MCA-LIA transition (~1200–1400 CE) is characterized by variations between terrigenous input, Mg-calcite formation and organic matter deposition, which indicate succession of dry and humid conditions. The CWP (1800–2000 CE) shows a progressive increase on sedimentation rate and decrease of gray level, which indicate more organic matter sedimentation as consequence of anthropogenic activities in the surrounding basin of the lake. High-resolution gray level analysis, which reflects principally variations in terrigenous input, carbonate mineral formation and organic matter deposition, shows that the AMO, NAO, PDO and ENSO are the principal modes affecting the hydro-climatic changes in Haiti during the last millennium. In addition, temporal correlation of other Caribbean paleoclimate records with our geochemical and mineralogical data, suggests that trends observed in Lake Azuei were controlled by regional climate, likely associated with shifts in the position of the ITCZ.
Published: 2023

3. Automatic recognition of flow cytometric phytoplankton functional groups using convolutional neural networks

Author: Robin Fuchs, Melilotus Thyssen, Véronique Creach, Mathilde Dugenne, Lloyd Izard, Marie Latimier, Arnaud Louchart, Pierre Marrec, Machteld Rijkeboer, Gérald Grégori, Denys Pommeret, Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), University of Hawaii, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Laboratoire de Sciences Actuarielle et Financière (SAF), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and European Project: 1166-39417,FEDER
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ocean Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The variability of phytoplankton distribution has been unraveled by high-frequency measurements. Such a resolution can be approached by automated pulse-shape recording flow cytometry (AFCM) operating at hourly sampling resolution. AFCM records morphological and physiological traits as single-cell optical pulse shapes that can be used to classify cells into phytoplankton functional groups (PFGs). However, the associated manual post-processing of the data coupled with the increasing size and number of datasets is time-consuming and error-prone. Machine learning models are increasingly used to run automatic classification. Yet, most of the existing methods either present a long training process, need to manually design features from the raw optical pulse shapes, or are dedicated to images only. In this study, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify several PFGs using AFCM pulse shapes. The uncertainties of manual classification were first estimated by comparing experts' recognition of six PFGs. Consensual particles from the manual PFG classification were used to train and validate the CNN. The CNN obtained competitive performances compared to other models used in the literature and remained robust across several sampling areas, and instrumental hardware and settings. Finally, we assessed the ability of this classifier to predict phytoplankton counts at a Mediterranean coastal station and from a cruise in the South-West Indian Ocean, providing a comparison with the manual classification over 3-month periods and a 2h frequency. These promising results strengthen the near real-time observation of PFGs, especially required with the increasing use of AFCM in monitoring research programs.
Published: 2022

4. Quantifying heterogeneities in arbovirus transmission: Description of the rationale and methodology for a prospective longitudinal study of dengue and Zika virus transmission in Iquitos, Peru (2014-2019)

Author: Morrison, Amy C, Paz-Soldan, Valerie A, Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M, Lambrechts, Louis, Elson, William H, Barrera, Patricia, Astete, Helvio, Briesemeister, Veronica, Leguia, Mariana, Jenkins, Sarah A, Long, Kanya C, Kawiecki, Anna B, Reiner, Robert C, Perkins, T Alex, Lloyd, Alun L, Waller, Lance A, Hontz, Robert D, Stoddard, Steven T, Barker, Christopher M, Kitron, Uriel, Elder, John P, Rothman, Alan L, Scott, Thomas W, Proyecto Dengue Group, Moreira, Luciano Andrade, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Tulane University, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Interactions Virus-Insectes - Insect-Virus Interactions (IVI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú = Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP), U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of Washington [Seattle], University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), San Diego State University (SDSU), University of Rhode Island (URI), and This study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID) award number P01 AI098670 (TWS). ACM is supported by award U01AI151814 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. Further support was provided by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) to the University of Notre Dame (Grant# OPP1081737) (NA), the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (RDH), Military Infectious Disease Research Program (MIDRP, S0520_15_LI and S0572_17_LI), and the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch Global Emerging Infections Systems research program (GEIS) ProMIS ID: 20160390169, P0090_17_N6_1.1.1, P0106_18_N6_01.01, and P0143_19_N6.
Subjects: General Science & Technology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Dengue, Vaccine Related, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, Biodefense, Peru, Humans, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Aetiology, Multidisciplinary, Zika Virus Infection, Prevention, Zika Virus, Dengue Virus, Proyecto Dengue Group, Vector-Borne Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Infection, Arboviruses, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution
Abstract: Current knowledge of dengue virus (DENV) transmission provides only a partial understanding of a complex and dynamic system yielding a public health track record that has more failures than successes. An important part of the problem is that the foundation for contemporary interventions includes a series of longstanding, but untested, assumptions based on a relatively small portion of the human population; i.e., people who are convenient to study because they manifest clinically apparent disease. Approaching dengue from the perspective of people with overt illness has produced an extensive body of useful literature. It has not, however, fully embraced heterogeneities in virus transmission dynamics that are increasingly recognized as key information still missing in the struggle to control the most important insect-transmitted viral infection of humans. Only in the last 20 years have there been significant efforts to carry out comprehensive longitudinal dengue studies. This manuscript provides the rationale and comprehensive, integrated description of the methodology for a five-year longitudinal cohort study based in the tropical city of Iquitos, in the heart of the Peruvian Amazon. Primary data collection for this study was completed in 2019. Although some manuscripts have been published to date, our principal objective here is to support subsequent publications by describing in detail the structure, methodology, and significance of a specific research program. Our project was designed to study people across the entire continuum of disease, with the ultimate goal of quantifying heterogeneities in human variables that affect DENV transmission dynamics and prevention. Because our study design is applicable to other Aedes transmitted viruses, we used it to gain insights into Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission when during the project period ZIKV was introduced and circulated in Iquitos. Our prospective contact cluster investigation design was initiated by detecttion of a person with a symptomatic DENV infection and then followed that person’s immediate contacts. This allowed us to monitor individuals at high risk of DENV infection, including people with clinically inapparent and mild infections that are otherwise difficult to detect. We aimed to fill knowledge gaps by defining the contribution to DENV transmission dynamics of (1) the understudied majority of DENV-infected people with inapparent and mild infections and (2) epidemiological, entomological, and socio-behavioral sources of heterogeneity. By accounting for factors underlying variation in each person’s contribution to transmission we sought to better determine the type and extent of effort needed to better prevent virus transmission and disease.
Published: 2023

5. The Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP): illuminating the functional diversity of eukaryotic life in the oceans through transcriptome sequencing

Author: Mary Ann Moran, Ronald P. Kiene, Matthew D. Johnson, Jennifer L. Jacobi, Gwenael Piganeau, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Simon K. Davy, Edward C. Theriot, Uwe John, Alexander Kudryavtsev, Sarah R. Smith, Bente Edvardsen, Cristina Miceli, Adrian Marchetti, Karin Rengefors, Tatiana A. Rynearson, John M. Archibald, Matthew C. Posewitz, Brian Palenik, Alexandra Z. Worden, Pooja E. Umale, Boris Wawrik, Laura A. Katz, Satoshi Nagai, Anja Kamp, Lisa Campbell, Kathryn J. Coyne, Thomas Mock, E. Virginia Armbrust, Fabien Burki, Adriana Zingone, Sonya T. Dyhrman, Mary E. Rumpho, Bank Beszteri, Giovanna Romano, Declan C. Schroeder, Callum J. Bell, Yan Xu, Bassem Allam, Kay D. Bidle, Bethany D. Jenkins, Kelly B. Schilling, Giulio Petroni, David Roy Smith, Aurora M. Nedelcu, Arvind K. Bharti, Connie Lovejoy, Stephanie Guida, Spencer J. Greenwood, Peter Stief, David A. Caron, Senjie Lin, Marina Montresor, Denis H. Lynn, Patrick J. Keeling, Glen L. Wheeler, Linda A. Amaral-Zettler, Daniel Vaulot, Jan Pawlowski, Ruth D. Gates, Brian S. Leander, Heather M. Wilcox, Andrew R. Juhl, Govind Nadathur, Erick R. James, Rose Ann Cattolico, Alastair G. B. Simpson, Susanne Menden-Deuer, G. Jason Smith, George B. McManus, Christopher J. Gobler, Heidi M. Sosik, Connor Cameron, Jackie L. Collier, Shauna A. Murray, Scott N. Twary, William H. Wilson, Claudio H. Slamovits, Peter B. Ngam, Phillipe Deschamps, Eric E. Allen, Roberts, Roland G, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Department of Botany, University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Marine Biology Research Division, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), The Josephine Bay Paul Center for comparative molecular biology and evolution, Department of Geological Sciences [Providence], Brown University, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Department of biochemistry & molecular biology, Dalhousie University [Halifax], National center for genome resources (NCGR), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institute of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Department of Oceanography [College Station], Texas A&M University [College Station], Department of biology, University of Southern California (USC), University of Delaware [Newark], School of biological sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of earth and environmental sciences and the Lamont-Doherty earth observatory, Columbia University [New York], Department of Molecular Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB), Department of biomedical sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Department of cell and molecular biology, University of Rhode Island, University of Rhode Island (URI)-University of Rhode Island (URI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Jacobs University [Bremen], Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of biological sciences, Smith College [Northampton], University of South Alabama, Department of invertebrate zoology, Saint Petersburg State Technical University, Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University (SPSPU)-Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University (SPSPU), Department of genetics and evolution, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Department of Marine sciences, University of Connecticut (UCONN), département de biologie, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Department of zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences [NCSU] (MEAS), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of New Brunswick (UNB), School of biosciences and biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Department of Marrine sciences, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Biologie intégrative des organismes marins (BIOM), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, department of biology, Lund University [Lund], Department of molecular and cell biology, Marine Biological Association of the UK, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Diversité et Interactions au sein du Plancton Océanique (DIPO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), department of microbiology and plant biology, University of Oklahoma (OU), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Princeton University, University of Britsh Columbia [Vancouver], University of California-University of California, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Università degli Studi di Camerino (UNICAM), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and Roberts, Roland G.
Subjects: Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Databases, Factual, animal genomics, Immunology and Microbiology (all), Biochemistry, Medical and Health Sciences, Transcriptome, transcriptome analysis, Community Page, sequence databases, Environmental Microbiology, Biology (General), Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Analysis, Biodiversity, Eukaryota, Oceans and Seas, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Neuroscience (all), Medicine (all), Genetics, General Neuroscience, marine ecology, Biological Sciences, genome sequencing, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biologie, QH301-705.5, Sequence analysis, Ecology (disciplines), Marine Biology, Genomics, Biology, Microbiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, DNA sequencing, Databases, Microbial ecology, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], 14. Life underwater, Life Below Water, Factual, Comparative genomics, Marine biology, Evolutionary Biology, General Immunology and Microbiology, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Human Genome, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Evolutionary biology, plant genomics, Generic health relevance, genomic library construction, Genomic databases, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Microbial ecology is plagued by problems of an abstract nature. Cell sizes are so small and population sizes so large that both are virtually incomprehensible. Niches are so far from our everyday experience as to make their very definition elusive. Organisms that may be abundant and critical to our survival are little understood, seldom described and/or cultured, and sometimes yet to be even seen. One way to confront these problems is to use data of an even more abstract nature: molecular sequence data. Massive environmental nucleic acid sequencing, such as metagenomics or metatranscriptomics, promises functional analysis of microbial communities as a whole, without prior knowledge of which organisms are in the environment or exactly how they are interacting. But sequence-based ecological studies nearly always use a comparative approach, and that requires relevant reference sequences, which are an extremely limited resource when it comes to microbial eukaryotes [1]. In practice, this means sequence databases need to be populated with enormous quantities of data for which we have some certainties about the source. Most important is the taxonomic identity of the organism from which a sequence is derived and as much functional identification of the encoded proteins as possible. In an ideal world, such information would be available as a large set of complete, well-curated, and annotated genomes for all the major organisms from the environment in question. Reality substantially diverges from this ideal, but at least for bacterial molecular ecology, there is a database consisting of thousands of complete genomes from a wide range of taxa, supplemented by a phylogeny-driven approach to diversifying genomics [2]. For eukaryotes, the number of available genomes is far, far fewer, and we have relied much more heavily on random growth of sequence databases [3],[4], raising the question as to whether this is fit for purpose.
Published: 2014

6. Nonlinear time‐domain wave‐structure interaction: A parallel fast integral equation approach

Author: Michel Benoit, Jeffrey C. Harris, Stephan T. Grilli, Emmanuel Dombre, Konstantin Kuznetsov, École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Laboratoire d'Hydraulique Saint-Venant / Saint-Venant laboratory for Hydraulics (Saint-Venant), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique et Environnement (EDF R&D LNHE), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), University of Rhode Island (URI), Laboratoire d'Hydraulique Saint-Venant / Saint-Venant laboratory for Hydraulics (LHSV), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Mathematical analysis, Computational Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Integral equation, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computer Science Applications, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 010101 applied mathematics, Nonlinear system, Mechanics of Materials, Free surface, 0103 physical sciences, Fluid–structure interaction, Potential flow, Time domain, 0101 mathematics, Multipole expansion, Boundary element method
Abstract: International audience; We report on the development and validation of a new Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) solving fully nonlinear potential flow (FNPF) equations, as a more efficient variation of Grilli et al.'s NWT [Grilli et al., A fully nonlinear model for three-dimensional overturning waves over arbitrary bottom, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 35 (2001) 829-867], which was successful at modeling many wave phenomena, including landslide-generated tsunamis, rogue waves, and the initiation
Published: 2021

7. Near‐Surface Oceanic Kinetic Energy Distributions From Drifter Observations and Numerical Models

Author: Brian K. Arbic, Shane Elipot, Jonathan M. Brasch, Dimitris Menemenlis, Aurélien L. Ponte, Jay F. Shriver, Xiaolong Yu, Edward D. Zaron, Matthew H. Alford, Maarten C. Buijsman, Ryan Abernathey, Daniel Garcia, Lingxiao Guan, Paige E. Martin, Arin D. Nelson, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Miami, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan Dynamique Observations Analyse (ODYSSEY), Université de Bretagne Occidentale - UFR Sciences et Techniques (UBO UFR ST), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Oregon State University (OSU), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Columbia University [New York], and University of Rhode Island (URI)
Subjects: Geophysics, near-inertial motions, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, numerical ocean models, tides, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), drifters, eddies, Oceanography, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, currents
Abstract: The geographical variability, frequency content, and vertical structure of near-surface oceanic kinetic energy (KE) are important for air-sea interaction, marine ecosystems, operational oceanography, pollutant tracking, and interpreting remotely sensed velocity measurements. Here, KE in high-resolution global simulations (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model; HYCOM, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model; MITgcm), at the sea surface (0 m) and at 15 m, are compared with KE from undrogued and drogued surface drifters, respectively. Global maps and zonal averages are computed for low-frequency (
Published: 2022

8. Carbohydrate utilization by enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine intestinal content

Author: Bertin, Y. (Yolande), Chaucheyras-Durand, F. (Frédérique), Masselot, C. (Catherine), Durand, A. (Alexandra), de la Foye, A. (Anne), Harel, J. (Josée), Cohen, P.S. (Paul S.), Conway, T. (Tyrell), Forano, E. (Evelyne), Martin, C. (Christine), Unité de Microbiologie (MIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université des Sciences et Technologies (Lille 1) (USTL), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Department of cell and molecular biology, University of Rhode Island, University of Rhode Island (URI)-University of Rhode Island (URI), University of Oklahoma (OU), CNRS, Université de Lille, Unité de Microbiologie [MIC], Lallemand SAS, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 [UGSF], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique [INRA], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal [UQAM], University of Rhode Island [URI], and University of Oklahoma [OU]
Subjects: [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: International audience; The bovine gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the main reservoir for enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) responsible for food-borne infections. Characterization of nutrients preferentially used by EHEC in the bovine intestine would help to develop ecological strategies to reduce EHEC carriage. However, the carbon sources that support the growth of EHEC in the bovine intestine are poorly documented. In this study, a very low concentration of glucose, the most abundant monomer included in the cattle dietary polysaccharides, was detected in bovine small intestine contents (BSIC) collected from healthy cows at the slaughterhouse. Six carbohydrates reported to be included in the mucus layer covering the enterocytes [galactose, N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc), N-acetyl- galactosamine (GalNAc), fucose, mannose and N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac)] have been quantified for the first time in BSIC and accounted for a total concentration of 4.2mM carbohydrates. The genes required for enzymatic degradation of the six mucus-derived carbohydrates are highly expressed during the exponential growth of the EHEC strain O157:H7 EDL933 in BSIC and are more strongly induced in EHEC than in bovine commensal E.coli. In addition, EDL933 consumed the free monosaccharides present in the BSIC more rapidly than the resident microbiota and commensal E.coli, indicating a competitive ability of EHEC to catabolize mucus-derived carbohydrates in the bovine gut. Mutations of EDL933 genes required for the catabolism of each of these sugars have been constructed, and growth competitions of the mutants with the wild-type strain clearly demonstrated that mannose, GlcNAc, Neu5Ac and galactose catabolism confers a high competitive growth advantage to EHEC in BSIC and probably represents an ecological niche for EHEC strains in the bovine small intestine. The utilization of these mucus-derived monosaccharides by EDL933 is apparently required for rapid growth of EHEC in BSIC, and for maintaining a competitive growth rate as compared with that of commensal E.coli. The results suggest a strategy for O157:H7 E.coli survival in the bovine intestine, whereby EHEC rapidly consumes mucus-derived carbohydrates that are poorly consumed by bacteria belonging to the resident intestinal microbiota, including commensal E.coli.
Published: 2013

9. The stable vanadium isotope composition of the mantle and mafic lavas

Author: Jason Harvey, Alex N. Halliday, Kenji Shimizu, Katherine A. Kelley, Dmitri A. Ionov, Yaoling Niu, Sune G. Nielsen, Julie Prytulak, Kenneth W.W. Sims, David W. Peate, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Earth Sciences, Department of Geology & Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ( WHOI ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Geophysics and Tectonics, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island ( URI ), Department of Earth Science, University of Durham, Department of Geosciences, University of Iowa [Iowa], Institute for Research on Earth Evolution, Japan Agency of Marine-Earth, Department of Geology and Geophysics [Laramie], University of Wyoming ( UW ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Durham University, University of Iowa [Iowa City], Institute for Research on Earth Evolution [Yokosuka] (IFREE), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), University of Wyoming (UW), University of Oxford, Department of Geology and Geophysics [Woods Hole], Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, vanadium isotopes, Large igneous province, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), high temperature stable isotope fractionation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ultramafic rock, Mineral redox buffer, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Basalt, Partial melting, bulk silicate Earth, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Silicate, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Mafic, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Vanadium exists in multiple valence states under terrestrial conditions (2+, 3+, 4+, 5+) and its isotopic composition in magmas potentially reflects the oxidation state of their mantle source. We present the first stable vanadium isotope measurements of 64 samples of well-characterized mantle-derived mafic and ultramafic rocks from diverse localities. The δ51V ranges from −0.27‰ to −1.29‰, reported relative to an Alfa Aesar (AA) vanadium solution standard defined as 0‰. This dataset is used to assess the effects of alteration, examine co-variation with other geochemical characteristics and define a value for the bulk silicate Earth (BSE). Variably serpentinised peridotites show no resolvable alteration-induced δ51V fractionation. Likewise, altered mafic oceanic crustal rocks have identical δ51V to fresh hand-picked MORB glass. Intense seafloor weathering can result in slightly (∼0.2-0.3‰) heavier isotope compositions, possibly related to late-stage addition of vanadium. The robustness of δ51V to common alteration processes bodes well for its potential application to ancient mafic material. The average δ51V of mafic lavas, including MORB, Icelandic tholeiites and lavas from the Shatsky Rise large igneous province is −0.88±0.27‰ 2sd. Peridotites show a large range in primary δ51V (−0.62‰ to −1.17‰), which co-varies positively with vanadium concentrations and indices of fertility such as Al2O3. Although these data suggest preferential extraction of heavier isotopes during partial melting, the isotope composition of basalts (δ51V=−0.88±0.27‰ 2sd) and MORB glass in particular (δ51V=−0.95±0.13‰ 2sd) is lighter than fertile peridotites and thus difficult to reconcile with a melt extraction scenario. Determination of fractionation factors between melt and mineral phases such as pyroxenes and garnet are necessary to fully understand the correlation. We arrive at an estimate of δ51VBSE=−0.7±0.2‰ (2sd) for the bulk silicate Earth by averaging fertile, unmetasomatised peridotites. This provides a benchmark for both high and low temperature applications addressing planet formation, cosmochemical comparisons of the Earth and extraterrestrial material, and an inorganic baseline for future biogeochemical investigations. Whilst δ51V could relate to oxidation state and thus oxygen fugacity, further work is required to resolve the isotopic effects of oxidation state, partial melting, and mineral fractionation factors.
Published: 2013

10. Surface gravity waves in the presence of an unsteady uniform current: application to tsunami warning

Author: Dubosq, Sara, Francius, Marc, Saillard, Marc, Grilli, Stéphan, Branger, Hubert, Rey, Vincent, Boudoyan, Karine, Laboratoire de sondages électromagnétiques de l'environnement terrestre ( LSEET ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), University of Rhode Island ( URI ), University of Rhode Island, Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre ( IRPHE ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de sondages électromagnétiques de l'environnement terrestre (LSEET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rhode Island (URI), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the possibility for tsunami radar remote sensing, owing tothe effects of tsunami-induced changes on the propagation of short sea waves. Well before microwave radars, HFradars have been investigated to detect tsunami induced- current effects on ocean surface waves (Barrick, 1979).Nonetheless no warning system has been proposed with a sufficiently short warning time, say between 5 and20min depending on the shelf width, which is more adapted to tsunami early warning system in coastal regions.Alternatively, the potential use of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radar technology has been suggested based onrecent observations of modulation processes in radar echoes, which indicates the possibility for the short windwaves to be affected by the tsunami (Troïtskaya and Ermakov, 2005).In addition to current-induced effects on short gravity waves, like for instance current-induced Dopplershift in the apparent wave frequencies, it is well known that short waves modulations could also arise fromother mechanism interactions, such as wind-wave interactions and nonlinear wave-wave interactions. Thus theidentification and quantification of the interaction between short waves and current-induced tsunami is verychallenging, in particular for waves in the submetric range (high frequency).To achieve these tasks, we use a Higher Order Spectral (HOS) method to simulate numerically the nonlinearevolution of gravity waves in the presence of a time-varying current but spatially homogeneous. The HOSformulation of the prognostic equations has been modified to account for the presence of a time-varying current,whereas numerical time integration has been improved by using both an integrating factor method (unconditionallylinearly stable) and an embedded Runge-Kutta method with variable time steps. This paper presentsinitial numerical results obtained with our modified HOS model. To explore the signature of tsunami inducedcurrents on surface waves, we have used our modified HOS model to study different wave dynamics in thepresence of a time-varying current. In this paper, we present the results on wave dynamics obtained with realistictsunami-induced currents that were computed using the tsunami propagation code GEOWAVES.
Published: 2009

11. Modeling of nonlinear short gravity waves in the presence of an unsteady uniform current

Author: Dubosq , Sara, Francius , Marc, Saillard , Marc, Grilli , Stéphan, Branger , Hubert, Rey , Vincent, Branger, Hubert, Catastrophes telluriques et tsunami - TSUMOD : Tsunamis : amélioration de la modélisation numérique et de la connaissance des processus de génération, propagation et amplification. - - TSUMOD2005 - ANR-05-CATT-0016 - CATELL - VALID, Laboratoire de sondages électromagnétiques de l'environnement terrestre (LSEET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rhode Island (URI), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), ANR-05-CATT-0016,TSUMOD,TSUMOD : Tsunamis : amélioration de la modélisation numérique et de la connaissance des processus de génération, propagation et amplification.(2005), Laboratoire de sondages électromagnétiques de l'environnement terrestre ( LSEET ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), University of Rhode Island ( URI ), University of Rhode Island, Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre ( IRPHE ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR : tsumod,tsumod, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, experiment, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [ PHYS.MECA.MEFL ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the fluids [physics.class-ph], [SPI.MECA.MEFL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], prediction, gravity waves, wave, current, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], remote sensing, [ SPI.MECA.MEFL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEFL] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], tsunami, radar
Abstract: International audience; In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the possibility for tsunami radar remote sensing, owing to the effects of tsunami-induced changes on the propagation of short sea waves. Well before microwave radars, HF radars have been investigated to detect tsunamis (Barrick, 1979). But so far there has been no system proposed with an appropriate alert real-time mode, the effort being stressed on wind wave and sea surface study. Alternatively, the potential use of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radar technology has been suggested based on recent observations of modulation processes in radar echoes, which indicates the possibility for the short wind waves to be affected by the tsunami (Troïtskaya and Ermakov, 2005). In fact, when a tsunami reaches the continental shelf, the induced currents that are mostly depth-uniform greatly increases in speed (maybe up to 10-20 cm/s) and can induce significant Doppler shifts in ocean surface waves, particularly for those of smaller wavelength in the submetric ranges (high frequency). However, the identification and quantification of short-wave modulation processes in response to an incoming tsunami are very challenging. This is partly because some of these modulations can be related to wind-wave interactions, short-wave/short-wave interactions as well as long-wave /short-wave interactions. In order to investigate the short-wave modulation processes induced by an incoming tsunami, we propose here to use a numerical approach based on a high-order spectral (HOS) method to model fully nonlinear short gravity waves (down to metric length scales) in the presence of unsteady large-scale depth and current fields. Such current and depth fields can be obtained for selected case studies, e.g., from tsunami propagation modeling, using a standard long wave model. This paper presents initial results of this modeling study, in terms of Doppler shifts and wave shoaling/refraction caused by a slowly varying depth-uniform current. The numerical results are then compared with large-scale laboratory results from a wave-current interaction experiment, which has been performed in the FIRST basin (La Seyne, France).
Published: 2008

12. Haiti-Drill: an amphibious drilling project workshop

Author: Richard Wessels, Frédérique Rolandone, Frauke Klingelhoefer, Chastity Aiken, Anne Battani, Marie-Helene Cormier, Walter R. Roest, R. Momplaisir, Nadine Ellouz-Zimmerman, Dominique Boisson, Kelly Guerrier, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Isotope Geosciences Unit (SUERC), Isotope Geosciences Unit, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Universite d'État d'Haïti (UEH), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), and ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drill, Lithology, Mechanical Engineering, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Drilling, Crust, Fracture zone, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Geology, Plate tectonics, Submarine pipeline, 14. Life underwater, Geology, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Haiti region – bounded by two strike-slip faults expressed both onshore and offshore – offers a unique opportunity for an amphibious drilling project. The east–west (EW)-striking, left lateral strike-slip Oriente–Septentrional fault zone and Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone bounding Haiti have similar slip rates and also define the northern and southern boundaries of the Gonâve Microplate. However, it remains unclear how these fault systems terminate at the eastern boundary of that microplate. From a plate tectonic perspective, the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone can be expected to act as an inactive fracture zone bounding the Cayman spreading system, but, surprisingly, this fault has been quite active during the last 500 years. Overall, little is understood in terms of past and present seismic and tsunami hazards along the Oriente–Septentrional fault zone and Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone, their relative ages, maturity, lithology, and evolution – not even the origin of fluids escaping through the crust is known. Given these unknowns, the Haiti-Drill workshop was held in May 2019 to further develop an amphibious drilling project in the Haiti region on the basis of preproposals submitted in 2015 and their reviews. The workshop aimed to complete the following four tasks: (1) identify significant research questions; (2) discuss potential drilling scenarios and sites; (3) identify data, analyses, additional experts, and surveys needed; and (4) produce timelines for developing a full proposal. Two key scientific goals have been set, namely to understand the nature of young fault zones and the evolution of transpressional boundaries. Given these goals, drilling targets were then rationalized, creating a focus point for research and/or survey needs prior to drilling. Our most recent efforts are to find collaborators, analyze existing data, and to obtain sources of funding for the survey work that is needed.
Published: 2020

13. Inter-Specific Genetic Exchange Despite Strong Divergence in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Gastropods of the Genus Alviniconcha

Author: Jade Castel, Stéphane Hourdez, Florence Pradillon, Claire Daguin-Thiébaut, Marion Ballenghien, Stéphanie Ruault, Erwan Corre, Adrien Tran Lu Y, Jean Mary, Pierre-Alexandre Gagnaire, François Bonhomme, Corinna Breusing, Thomas Broquet, Didier Jollivet, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Profond (LEP), Etudes des Ecosystèmes Profonds (EEP), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ABiMS - Informatique et bioinformatique = Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science (ABIMS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés en Conditions Extrêmes (ABICE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), University of Rhode Island (URI), and ANR-17-CE02-0003,CERBERUS,Connectivité et résilience des communautés des sources hydrothermales des bassins arrière-arc(2017)
Subjects: [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, speciation, secondary contact, nuclear and mitochondrial genome, transcriptome, DILS, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genetics, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract: International audience; Deep hydrothermal vents are highly fragmented and unstable habitats at all temporal and spatial scales. Such environmental dynamics likely play a non-negligible role in speciation. Little is, however, known about the evolutionary processes that drive population-level differentiation and vent species isolation and, more specifically, how geography and habitat specialisation interplay in the species history of divergence. In this study, the species range and divergence of Alviniconcha snails that occupy active Western Pacific vent fields was assessed by using sequence variation data of the mitochondrial Cox1 gene, RNAseq, and ddRAD-seq. Combining morphological description and sequence datasets of the three species across five basins, we confirmed that A. kojimai, A. boucheti, and A. strummeri, while partially overlapping over their range, display high levels of divergence in the three genomic compartments analysed that usually encompass values retrieved for reproductively isolated species with divergences rang from 9% to 12.5% (mtDNA) and from 2% to 3.1% (nuDNA). Moreover, the three species can be distinguished on the basis of their external morphology by observing the distribution of bristles and the shape of the columella. According to this sampling, A. boucheti and A. kojimai form an east-to-west species abundance gradient, whereas A. strummeri is restricted to the Futuna Arc/Lau and North Fiji Basins. Surprisingly, population models with both gene flow and population size heterogeneities among genomes indicated that these three species are still able to exchange genes due to secondary contacts at some localities after a long period of isolation.
Published: 2022
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14. Tsunami intensity scale based on wave amplitude and current applied to the French Riviera: the case study of local seismicity

Author: Laurie Boschetti, Stephan T. Grilli, Jean-Xavier Dessa, Mansour Ioualalen, Fatemeh Nemati, Christophe Larroque, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and University of Rhode Island (URI)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 0211 other engineering and technologies, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Induced seismicity, French Riviera, 01 natural sciences, Natural hazard, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], 14. Life underwater, Underwater, Funwave, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Tsunami intensity, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Hydrogeology, 1887 Earthquake, Landslide, Current (stream), Riviera, 13. Climate action, Scale (map), Geology, Seismology
Abstract: International audience; The French–Italian Riviera faces several geophysical hazards, including recurrent earthquakes and underwater landslides that can be tsunamigenic. The stakes are high since this is a densely populated and touristic area. Several studies have already been carried out, in particular to map tsunami hazard resulting from the near-field seismicity of the North Ligurian Faults System, which is located a short distance off the coast. In our most recent study, runup maps were developed together with local analyses of tsunami-induced current fields. However, no conclusions were drawn, based on these results, as of the associated tsunami risk along the coast. Here, to this effect, we apply a recently proposed tsunami intensity scale to the simulation results obtained in our previous work (maximum values of tsunami depths and currents). This intensity scale (7 levels) is mapped over the entire coastal area, and its site-specific values are discussed. The scale allows quantifying the potential damage inland and at sea, based on a standard coastal vulnerability that has been assessed through different records. It thus represents a useful tool to help improving our preparedness to tsunami hazard.
Published: 2020

15. A silicon isotopic perspective on the contribution of diagenesis to the sedimentary silicon budget in the Southern Ocean

Author: Ivia Closset, Mark A. Brzezinski, Damien Cardinal, Arnaud Dapoigny, Janice L. Jones, Rebecca S. Robinson, Marine Science Institute [Santa Barbara] (MSI), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology [Santa Barbara] (EEMB), Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], and University of Rhode Island (URI)
Subjects: Silicon cycle, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Silicon stable isotopes, Southern Ocean, Early diagenesis, Benthic nutrient fluxes
Abstract: International audience; Diatoms are known to fractionate silicon isotopes during the formation of their frustules causing the silicon isotopic composition of biogenic silica to track the degree of silicic acid consumption in surface waters. Despite a growing body of work that uses this proxy to reconstruct past changes in silicic acid utilization, the understanding of the benthic silicon cycle, particularly the identification and quantification of the processes that potentially alter the silicon isotopic composition of biogenic silica during early diagenesis is still lacking. We investigated these processes by comparing the silicon isotopic composition of pore water silicic acid, biogenic silica and, for the first time, lithogenic silica from five sediment cores collected in the deep basin of the Southern Ocean representing a diversity of sedimentation regimes. Silicic acid concentrations and the isotopic composition of Southern Ocean pore waters were the result of a dynamic balance between the dissolution of biogenic silica, reactive lithogenic silica phases and Si re-precipitation with the relative importance of each processes differing significantly between regions. The results are consistent with the formation of authigenic alumino-silicates derived from dissolved biogenic silica in the Sub-Antarctic Zone and in the Antarctic Zone (on average 12 ± 5% and 17 ± 13%, respectively). Since this latter process can fractionate silicon isotopes, this implies that, even if the silicon isotopic composition of diatoms preserved in the sediments is a reliable proxy for silicic acid utilization in the past ocean, care must be taken to extract a clean biogenic silica phase free of authigenic clays and lithogenic phases from sediments to eliminate this potential bias when interpreting isotopic records.
Published: 2022

16. Vectra 3D (dinotefuran, pyriproxyfen and permethrin) prevents acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes scapularis ticks in an ex vivo feeding model

Author: Byron L. Blagburn, Thomas N. Mather, Djamel Tahir, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Marie Varloud, Alec Evans, Btissam Asri, Frans Jongejan, Valérie Choumet, Leon Meyer, Clinvet Morocco, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II (IAV Hassan II), University of Rhode Island (URI), Auburn University (AU), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Pretoria [South Africa], CEVA Santé Animale [Libourne, France] (Laboratoire Vétérinaire Pharmaceutique), and CEVA Santé Animale
Subjects: Male, Insecticides, Veterinary medicine, Ixodes ricinus, Pyridines, Administration, Topical, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Tick, Guanidines, Dinotefuran, Canine Lyme borreliosis, Neonicotinoids, chemistry.chemical_compound, Dogs, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Dog Diseases, Borrelia burgdorferi, Permethrin, Lyme Disease, Ixodes, biology, Research, Prevention, Ricinus, Feeding Behavior, bacterial infections and mycoses, Nitro Compounds, biology.organism_classification, Blocking transmission, Drug Combinations, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, Ixodes scapularis, Female, Parasitology, Pyriproxyfen, Ex vivo model, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background We evaluated the efficiency of an ex vivo feeding technique using a silicone membrane-based feeding chamber to (i) assess the anti-feeding and acaricidal efficacy of a spot-on combination of dinotefuran, pyriproxyfen and permethrin (DPP, Vectra® 3D) against adult Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes ricinus ticks, and to (ii) explore its effect on blocking the acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. Methods Eight purpose-bred dogs were randomly allocated to two equal-size groups based on body weight assessed on day 2. DPP was administered topically, as spot-on, to four dogs on day 0. Hair from the eight dogs was collected individually by brushing the whole body on days 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. On each day of hair collection, 0.05 g of sampled hair was applied on the membrane corresponding to each feeding unit (FU). Seventy-two FU were each seeded with 30 adults of I. scapularis (n = 24 FU) or I. ricinus ticks (n = 48 FU). Bovine blood spiked with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (strain B31) was added into each unit and changed every 12 h for 4 days. Tick mortality was assessed 1 h after seeding. One additional hour of incubation was added for live/moribund specimens and reassessed for viability. All remaining live/moribund ticks were left in the feeders and tick engorgement status was recorded at 96 h after seeding, and the uptake of B. burgdorferi s.s. was examined in the collected ticks by applying quantitative real-time PCR. Results Exposure to DPP-treated hair was 100% effective in blocking B. burgdorferi s.s. acquisition. The anti-feeding efficacy remained stable (100%) against both Ixodes species throughout the study. The acaricidal efficacy of DPP evaluated at 1 and 2 h after exposure was 100% throughout the study for I. ricinus, except the 1-h assessment on day 28 (95.9%) and day 35 (95.3%). The 1-h assessment of acaricidal efficacy was 100% at all time points for I. scapularis. Conclusions The ex vivo feeding system developed here demonstrated a protective effect of DPP against the acquisition of B. burgdorferi without exposing the animals to the vectors or to the pathogen. Graphical Abstract
Published: 2021

17. Tourisme et « éco-ethnicité » : les enjeux d’un soft power environnemental pour les minorités de l’Asie d’altitude (Chine, Laos, Népal)

Author: Isabelle Sacareau, Steve Déry, Raghubir Chand, Lisa Hiwasaki, Pierre Dérioz, Mauve Letang, Frédéric Landy, Olivier Ducourtieux, Marie-Anne Germaine, Evelyne Gauché, Nadège Garambois, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kumaon University, Université Laval, Canada, Université d'Avignon, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), AgroParisTech, Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Tours (UT), University of Rhode Island (URI), Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM), ANR-13-BSH1-0001,AQAPA,A qui appartiennent les paysages ? La mise en tourisme des hautes terres en Asie méridionale : dynamiques sociales et patrimonialisation des paysages dans les campagnes à minorités ethniques(2013), and Université Bordeaux Montaigne
Subjects: minorités, Geography (General), soft power, Asie d’altitude, G1-922, ethnicité, tourisme rural, General Medicine, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, GV1-1860, éco-ethnicité, Recreation. Leisure, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Cet article teste l'hypothèse suivante : la double image identitaire ethnique et environnementale d'un groupe – que nous appelons éco-ethnicité – peut expliquer dans une large mesure son émancipation ; ainsi, le fait d'être doté d'une éco-ethnicité significative pourrait fournir à ce groupe un soft power substantiel tiré du tourisme. Le texte s'appuie sur une recherche qualitative de terrain comparant trois études de cas en altitude au Népal (Annapurna), en Chine (Guizhou) et au Laos (Louang Namtha). La mise en tourisme locale y souligne l'ethnicité et les connaissances environnementales locales, mais à des degrés très divers. En conclusion, l’éco-ethnicité n’apparait pas comme un facteur d’émancipation économique déterminant.
Published: 2021

18. Decadal Dynamics of the CO2 System and Associated Ocean Acidification in Coastal Ecosystems of the North East Atlantic Ocean

Author: Jean-Philippe Gac, Pierre Marrec, Thierry Cariou, Emilie Grosstefan, Éric Macé, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Marc Vernet, Yann Bozec, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rhode Island (URI), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, long-term monitoring, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, carbonate system dynamics, ocean acidification, Ocean Engineering, QH1-199.5, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, coastal ecosystem, NE Atlantic, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; Weekly and bi-monthly carbonate system parameters and ancillary data were collected from 2008 to 2020 in three coastal ecosystems of the southern Western English Channel (sWEC) (SOMLIT-pier and SOMLIT-offshore) and Bay of Brest (SOMLIT-Brest) located in the North East Atlantic Ocean. The main drivers of seasonal and interannual partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) variabilities were the net ecosystem production (NEP) and thermodynamics. Differences were observed between stations, with a higher biological influence on pCO2 and DIC in the near-shore ecosystems, driven by both benthic and pelagic communities. The impact of riverine inputs on DIC dynamics was more pronounced at SOMLIT-Brest (7%) than at SOMLIT-pier (3%) and SOMLIT-offshore (
Published: 2021
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19. Length, width, shape regularity, and chain structure: time series analysis of phytoplankton morphology from imagery

Author: Virginie Sonnet, Lionel Guidi, Colleen B. Mouw, Gavino Puggioni, Sakina‐Dorothée Ayata, Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Aquatic Science, Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; Functional traits are increasingly used to assess changes in phytoplankton community structure and to link individual characteristics to ecosystem functioning. However, they are usually inferred from taxonomic identification or manually measured for each organism, both time consuming approaches. Instead, we focus on high throughput imaging to describe the main temporal variations of morphological changes of phytoplankton in Narragansett Bay, a coastal time-series station. We analyzed a 2-yr dataset of morphological features automatically extracted from continuous imaging of individual phytoplankton images (~ 105 million images collected by an Imaging FlowCytobot). We identified synthetic morphological traits using multivariate analysis and revealed that morphological variations were mainly due to changes in length, width, shape regularity, and chain structure. Morphological changes were especially important in winter with successive peaks of larger cells with increasing complexity and chains more clearly connected. Small nanophytoplankton were present year-round and constituted the base of the community, especially apparent during the transitions between diatom blooms. High inter-annual variability was also observed. On a weekly timescale, increases in light were associated with more clearly connected chains while more complex shapes occurred at lower nitrogen concentrations. On an hourly timescale, temperature was the determinant variable constraining cell morphology, with a general negative influence on length and a positive one on width, shape regularity, and chain structure. These first insights into the phytoplankton morphology of Narragansett Bay highlight the possible morphological traits driving the phytoplankton succession in response to light, temperature, and nutrient changes.
Published: 2021

20. Dynamics of the phytoplankton community structure in the western Mediterranean Sea using automated flow cytometry on a Voluntary Observing Ship during fall/winter

Author: Marrec, Pierre, Sammari, Cherif, Ben Ismail, Anis, Ben Ismail, Sana, Grégori, Gérald, Denis, Michel, Lahbib, Soumaya, Thyssen, Melilotus, University of Rhode Island (URI), and Thyssen, Melilotus
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

21. The relationship between maternal prenatal and postnatal vegetable intake and repeated measures of infant vegetable intake frequency in a national U.S. sample

Author: Jill L. Kaar, Haley W. Parker, Elie Perraud, Maya Vadiveloo, Alison Tovar, AgroParisTech, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, University of Rhode Island (URI), Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and University of Colorado [Colorado Springs] (UCCS)
Subjects: Adult, Infant vegetable intake, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Mothers, Passive flavor transfer, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infant Feeding Practices Study II, Pregnancy, 030225 pediatrics, Secondary analysis, Environmental health, Vegetables, Medicine, Humans, Maternal diet, Prenatal vegetable intake, General Psychology, Flavor learning, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Food frequency, business.industry, Postnatal vegetable intake, Repeated measures design, Infant, Feeding Behavior, Experimental research, Diet, Taste, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: International audience; Experimental research suggests that passive flavor transfer from maternal diet to the infant via amniotic fluid and breastmilk may improve infant vegetable intake. This secondary analysis examined associations between maternal (prenatal and postnatal) and infant vegetable intake in 696 mothers with eligible dietary data from the U.S. longitudinal Infant Feeding Practices Study II. Adjusted mixed models examined associations between 4 levels of maternal vegetable intake (mean splits of high/low on prenatal and postnatal food frequency questionnaires) and repeated measures of infant vegetable intake frequency (times/day, from monthly surveys). Mothers were on average 29.5 years old, mostly non-Hispanic White (86.2%) and educated (84.0% ≥some college). In base models, mothers with consistently high vegetable intake (vs. consistently low) reported more frequent infant vegetable intake. In multivariable models, infant vegetable intake was significantly more frequent amongst mothers with consistently high prenatal/high postnatal intake (0.9 times/day) versus consistently low intake (0.8 times/day). In this sample, maternal vegetable consumption was associated with frequency of infant vegetable consumption; consistently high vegetable intake across prenatal and postnatal periods was most strongly associated with infant intake. While infant vegetable intake is multifactorial, maternal prenatal and postnatal vegetable intake appeared to have a small but significant influence.
Published: 2021

22. Silicate melt inclusions in the new millennium: A review of recommended practices for preparation, analysis, and data presentation

Author: M. E. Newcombe, D. J. Rasmussen, Alexander R. L. Nichols, Matthew Jones, Oded Navon, Graham D. Layne, M. Myers, Horst R. Marschall, C. M. Allison, A. Lorenzo-Merino, K. Shimizu, Federica Schiavi, Mark D. Kurz, A. Daly, Ping-Ping Liu, A. Barth, Margaret E. Hartley, Nivea Magalhães, Yuxu Zhang, Roger L. Nielsen, Terry Plank, Janne M. Koornneef, Alexander A. Iveson, K.-Y. Lin, M. Laubier, T. Zhou, Charlotte L. DeVitre, Jordan Tucker, Glenn A. Gaetani, Yves Moussallam, M. Gaborieau, Masataka Kawaguchi, N. Luciani, Nobumichi Shimizu, Ayla S. Pamukcu, T. Kagoshima, Elizabeth Cottrell, A. Castillejo, J. Andrys, Robert J. Bodnar, Ery C. Hughes, B. Chilson-Parks, D. Butters, J. Roberge, M. Cole, Anne-Sophie Bouvier, M. Muth, Yaron Katzir, Emma Gatti, B.R. Choudhary, Felix S. Genske, Diego Narváez, A. H. Lerner, Mélissa J. Drignon, Jay B. Thomas, C. Waelkens, L. Moore, G. T. Thompson, Gokce Ustunisik, Tatsuhiko Kawamoto, B. D. Monteleone, E Johnson, A.J.J. Bracco Gartner, Katherine A. Kelley, Michael O. Garcia, D. M. Schwartz, Nicolas Cluzel, Paul J. Wallace, C.A. Angeles de la Torre, Leonid V. Danyushevsky, Estelle Rose-Koga, Peter J. Michael, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des sciences de la terre [Lausanne] (ISTE), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Department of Earth Sciences [Eugene OR], University of Oregon [Eugene], Cornell University [New York], Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Department of Geosciences [Blacksburg], Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Brown University, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Connecticut (UCONN), New Mexico State University, Smithsonian Institution, School of Earth Sciences [Hobart], University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geology and Geophysics [Mānoa], University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), University of Manchester [Manchester], Department of Earth Sciences [Durham], Durham University, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Kumamoto University, University of Shizuoka, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], University of Delaware [Newark], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Beijing], Peking University [Beijing], Instituto de Geofisica [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, University of Toronto, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, University of Tulsa, Department of Earth Sciences [MSU Bozeman], Montana State University (MSU), Departamento de Geologia [Quito], Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), University of Canterbury [Christchurch], South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSM&T), American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Boise State University, Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Syracuse University, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], CAS Institute of Oceanology (IOCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), China University of Petroleum, ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Carnegie Institution for Science, and Geology and Geochemistry
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Library science, Geology, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, In situ analysis, Data presentation, Inclusion (mineral), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Melt inclusions
Abstract: Mineral-hosted melt inclusions have become an important source of information on magmatic processes. As the number of melt inclusion studies increases, so does the need to establish recommended practice guidelines for collecting and reporting melt inclusion data. These guidelines are intended to ensure certain quality criteria are met and to achieve consistency among published melt inclusion data in order to maximize their utility in the future. Indeed, with the improvement of analytical techniques, new processes affecting melt inclusions are identified. It is thus critical to be able to reprocess any previously published data, such that reporting the raw data is one of the first “recommended practices” for authors and a publication-criteria that reviewers should be sensitive to. Our guidelines start with melt inclusion selection, which is a critical first step, and then continue on to melt inclusion preparation and analysis, covering the entire field of methods applicable to melt inclusions. Dedication In March of 2000, a melt inclusion workshop was held at the Chateau de Sassenage in Grenoble and a companion issue of Chemical Geology entitled “Melt Inclusions at the Millennium” was published. Erik Hauri was heavily involved with the meeting and contributed two landmark papers to the topical issue of Chemical Geology on the use of secondary ion mass spectrometry to analyze volatiles in melt inclusions. When the melt inclusion community re-convened at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in August of 2018, we were saddened that Erik was unable to join us due to his failing health. Less than a month later came the devastating news of his passing at only 52 years of age. In recognition of his incredible contributions to science in general and to the in situ analysis of melt inclusions in particular, the participants and organizers of the WHOI melt inclusion workshop dedicate this collegial paper to Erik Hauri, our colleague, mentor and friend. Thank you Erik.
Published: 2021

23. Novel approach for testing the food limitation hypothesis in estuarine and coastal fish nurseries

Author: Anik Brind'Amour, O. Le Pape, Adrien Tableau, Erwan Saulnier, H. Le Bris, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Rhode Island (URI), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (IFREMER EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Bioenergetics, Food consumption, Density dependence, Coastal fish, Carrying capacity, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fish juvenile, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nursery habitat, Secondary production, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, Fishery, Exploitation efficiency, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, Predator-prey relationship
Abstract: International audience; Survival success of early life stages of fish is regulated by density-dependent effects, but the limiting factors explaining these effects have not been well identified. In coastal habitats, juveniles of many fish species occur in high concentrations and possibly compete for food resources. This study compared the ratio of food consumption to benthic prey production to test whether food availability is a major factor defining the carrying capacity of fish nurseries. We developed a method to quantify the exploitation efficiency (also called ecotrophic efficiency) of the juvenile fish feeding on benthic prey, expressed as a ratio of food consumption to food production. This method includes many sources of uncertainty and a key parameter of prey accessibility. Applied to the case study of the Bay of Vilaine (north Bay of Biscay), results suggest food limitation for juvenile fish. The generic nature of this method supports its wide application in various nursery habitats. As food limitation is a density-dependent process having a dampening effect on recruitment variability, examining its occurrence over time and space will improve our comprehension of nursery-dependent fish dynamics
Published: 2019

24. An improved Lagrangian model for the time evolution of nonlinear surface waves

Author: Pierre Ferrant, Yves Perignon, Nicolas Desmars, Guillaume Ducrozet, Stephan T. Grilli, Charles-Antoine Guérin, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rhode Island (URI), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: Physics, Stokes drift, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Mechanical Engineering, Mathematical analysis, Time evolution, Eulerian path, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, symbols.namesake, Wave model, Nonlinear system, Surface surface waves, Mechanics of Materials, Surface wave, Free surface, 0103 physical sciences, Wind wave, symbols, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Accurate real-time simulations and forecasting of phase-revolved ocean surface waves require nonlinear effects, both geometrical and kinematic, to be accurately represented. For this purpose, wave models based on a Lagrangian steepness expansion have proved particularly efficient, as compared to those based on Eulerian expansions, as they feature higher-order nonlinearities at a reduced numerical cost. However, while they can accurately model the instantaneous nonlinear wave shape, Lagrangian models developed to date cannot accurately predict the time evolution of even simple periodic waves. Here, we propose a novel and simple method to perform a Lagrangian expansion of surface waves to second order in wave steepness, based on the dynamical system relating particle locations and the Eulerian velocity field. We show that a simple redefinition of reference particles allows us to correct the time evolution of surface waves, through a modified nonlinear dispersion relationship. The resulting expressions of free surface particle locations can then be made numerically efficient by only retaining the most significant contributions to second-order terms, i.e. Stokes drift and mean vertical level. This results in a hybrid model, referred to as the ‘improved choppy wave model’ (ICWM) (with respect to Nouguier et al.’s J. Geophys. Res., vol. 114, 2009, p. C09012), whose performance is numerically assessed for long-crested waves, both periodic and irregular. To do so, ICWM results are compared to those of models based on a high-order spectral method and classical second-order Lagrangian expansions. For irregular waves, two generic types of narrow- and broad-banded wave spectra are considered, for which ICWM is shown to significantly improve wave forecast accuracy as compared to other Lagrangian models; hence, ICWM is well suited to providing accurate and efficient short-term ocean wave forecast (e.g. over a few peak periods). This aspect will be the object of future work.
Published: 2019

25. High-resolution coastal hazard assessment along the French Riviera from co-seismic tsunamis generated in the Ligurian fault system

Author: Fatemeh Nemati, Stephan T. Grilli, Mansour Ioualalen, Jenny Trevisan, Laurie Boschetti, Christophe Larroque, Department of Ocean Engineering (DOE/URI), University of Rhode Island (URI), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Tsunami hazard mapping, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Fault (geology), French Riviera, 01 natural sciences, Natural hazard, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Bathymetry, 14. Life underwater, 1887 earthquake, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, geography, Hydrogeology, Coastal hazards, geography.geographical_feature_category, Shoaling and schooling, Riviera, 13. Climate action, Submarine pipeline, FUNWAVE-TVD, Seismology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The French Riviera is a densely populated and touristic coast. It is also one of the most seismically active areas of the Western Mediterranean. This is evidenced by the Mw 6.7–6.9, 1887 earthquake and tsunami, that was triggered nearshore, rupturing the easternmost 40 km of the 80-km-long Ligurian fault system, which runs parallel to and offshore of the Riviera. Here, coastal hazard from co-seismic tsunamis is assessed along the French and part of the Italian Riviera by simulating three Ligurian earthquake scenarios: (1) the 1887 event offshore Genoa, Italy; (2) a similar event transposed to the westernmost 40-km segment of the fault, offshore Nice, France; and (3) the rupture of the entire 80-km fault, which constitutes an extreme case scenario for the region. Simulations of tsunami propagation and coastal impact are performed by one-way coupling with the Boussinesq model FUNWAVE-TVD, in a series of nested grids, using new high-resolution bathymetric and topographic data. Results obtained in 10-m coastal grids provide the highest resolution predictions to date for this section of the French Riviera of co-seismic tsunami coastal hazard, in terms of inundation, runup, and current velocity. In general, the most impacted areas are bays (near Cap d’Antibes and Cap Ferrat), due to wave buildup and shoaling within semi-enclosed shallow areas, enhanced by possible resonances. In contrast to earlier work, which was based on coarser resolution grids, the area of Nice harbor is found to be rather well sheltered. It should be noted that uniform fault slip was used in the ruptures and runup estimates could locally be enhanced in case of more complex ruptures, such as segmented and heterogeneous ruptures.
Published: 2018

26. Effect of Personalized Incentives on Dietary Quality of Groceries Purchased

Author: Vadiveloo, Maya, Guan, Xintong, Parker, Haley, Perraud, Elie, Buchanan, Ashley, Atlas, Stephen, Thorndike, Anne, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, University of Rhode Island (URI), Marketing Area, College of Business Administration, University of Rhode Island, AgroParisTech, Department of Pharmacy Practice, college of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], and Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Motivation, Cross-Over Studies, Research, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Nutrition, Obesity, and Exercise, Pilot Projects, Consumer Behavior, Middle Aged, Choice Behavior, Online Only, Humans, Female, Diet, Healthy, Supermarkets, Nutritive Value, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Original Investigation, Aged, Diet Therapy
Abstract: Key Points Question Does a semiautomated, personalized, healthy food incentive intervention improve grocery purchase dietary quality and percentage spending in targeted food groups? Findings In this randomized clinical crossover trial of 209 adult participants, healthy food incentives personalized according to customer data were associated with a small but significant improvement in grocery purchase quality and percentage spending on targeted food groups. Meaning A personalized healthy food incentive intervention increased grocery purchase quality and may be a promising population-based strategy for improving dietary intake., This randomized, clinical crossover trial examines whether a healthy food incentive intervention using an algorithm incorporating customer preferences, purchase history, and baseline diet quality improves grocery purchase dietary quality and spending on healthful foods., Importance Many factors are associated with food choice. Personalized interventions could help improve dietary intake by using individual purchasing preferences to promote healthier grocery purchases. Objective To test whether a healthy food incentive intervention using an algorithm incorporating customer preferences, purchase history, and baseline diet quality improves grocery purchase dietary quality and spending on healthy foods. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a 9-month randomized clinical crossover trial (AB–BA) with a 2- to 4-week washout period between 3-month intervention periods. Participants included 224 loyalty program members at an independent Rhode Island supermarket who completed baseline questionnaires and were randomized from July to September 2018 to group 1 (AB) or group 2 (BA). Data analysis was performed from September 2019 to May 2020. Intervention Participants received personalized weekly coupons with nutrition education during the intervention period (A) and occasional generic coupons with nutrition education during the control period (B). An automated study algorithm used customer data to allocate personalized healthy food incentives to participant loyalty cards. All participants received a 5% grocery discount. Main Outcomes and Measures Grocery Purchase Quality Index–2016 (GPQI-16) scores (range, 0-75, with higher scores denoting healthier purchases) and percentage spending on targeted foods were calculated from cumulative purchasing data. Participants in the top and bottom 1% of spending were excluded. Paired t tests examined between-group differences. Results The analytical sample included 209 participants (104 in group 1 and 105 in group 2), with a mean (SD) age of 55.4 (14.0) years. They were predominantly non-Hispanic White (193 of 206 participants [94.1%]) and female (187 of 207 participants [90.3%]). Of 161 participants with income data, 81 (50.3%) had annual household incomes greater than or equal to $100 000. Paired t tests showed that the intervention increased GPQI-16 scores (between-group difference, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.27-1.86; P = .01) and percentage spending on targeted foods (between-group difference, 1.38%; 95% CI, 0.08%-2.69%; P = .04). During the initial intervention period, group 1 (AB) and group 2 (BA) had similar mean (SD) GPQI-16 scores (41.2 [6.6] vs 41.0 [7.5]) and mean (SD) percentage spending on targeted healthy foods (32.0% [10.8%] vs 31.0% [10.5%]). During the crossover intervention period, group 2 had a higher mean (SD) GPQI-16 score than group 1 (42.9 [7.7] vs 41.0 [6.8]) and mean (SD) percentage spending on targeted foods (34.0% [12.1%] vs 32.0% [13.1%]). Conclusions and Relevance This pilot trial demonstrated preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of a novel personalized healthy food incentive algorithm to improve grocery purchase dietary quality. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03748056
Published: 2021

27. Evaluation of the extended efficacy of the Dengvaxia vaccine against symptomatic and subclinical dengue infection

Author: Mary Noreen Chua, Derek A. T. Cummings, Damon Ellison, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Richard G. Jarman, Maria Theresa Alera, Alan L. Rothman, Gregory D. Gromowski, Stefan Fernandez, Henrik Salje, In-Kyu Yoon, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, Taweewun Hunsawong, Louis R. Macareo, Simon Cauchemez, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences [Bangkok] (AFRIMS), Chong Hua Hospital [Cebu City, Philippines], Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, University of Rhode Island (URI), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [Washington, DC, États-Unis] (CEPI), This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grant numbers P01AI034533, 5R01AI114703-05), the US Military Infectious Diseases Research Program and the European Research Council (grant number. 804744)., University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, and promotion of well-being, Dengue virus, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Medical and Health Sciences, Dengue fever, Dengue, 0302 clinical medicine, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Risk Factors, Medicine, Viral, Child, Asymptomatic Infections, Subclinical infection, education.field_of_study, Antibody titer, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, 3.4 Vaccines, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Infection, Biotechnology, Adolescent, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Immunology, Population, Dengue Vaccines, Antibodies, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Vaccine Related, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, Biodefense, Humans, Preschool, education, Dengue vaccine, business.industry, Prevention, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Prevention of disease and conditions, medicine.disease, Vaccine efficacy, Vector-Borne Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, 030104 developmental biology, Immunization, business
Abstract: More than half of the world’s population lives in areas at risk for dengue virus infection. A vaccine will be pivotal to controlling spread, however, the only licensed vaccine, Dengvaxia, has been shown to increase the risk of severe disease in a subset of individuals. Vaccine efforts are hampered by a poor understanding of antibody responses, including those generated by vaccines, and whether antibody titers can be used as a marker of protection from infection or disease. Here we present the results of an ancillary study to a phase III vaccine study (n = 611). All participants received three doses of either Dengvaxia or placebo and were followed for 6 years. We performed neutralization tests on annual samples and during confirmed dengue episodes (n = 16,508 total measurements). We use mathematical models to reconstruct long-term antibody responses to vaccination and natural infection, and to identify subclinical infections. There were 87 symptomatic infections reported, and we estimated that there were a further 351 subclinical infections. Cumulative vaccine efficacy was positive for both subclinical and symptomatic infection, although the protective effect of the vaccine was concentrated in the first 3 years following vaccination. Among individuals with the same antibody titer, we found no difference between the risk of subsequent infection or disease between placebo and vaccine recipients, suggesting that antibody titers are a good predictor of both protection and disease risk. Multiyear analysis of antibody responses in recipients of the dengue vaccine Dengvaxia in the Philippines supports their utility as a predictor of protection against disease, and reveals that Dengvaxia efficacy declines 3 years after complete vaccination.
Published: 2021

28. The crucial contribution of mixing to present and future ocean oxygen distribution: Chapter 13

Author: Lévy, Marina, Resplandy, Laure, Palter, Jaime B., Couespel, Damien, Lachkar, Zouhair, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Princeton Environmental Institute [Princeton University] (PEI), Princeton University, Department of Geosciences [Princeton], Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Alberto C. Naveira Garabato and Michael P. Meredith, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: diapycnal mixing, oxygen minimum zone, ventilation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, deoxygenation, eddy mixing, isopycnal mixing, mixing parametrizations, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

29. Musical Chairs on Temperate Reefs: Species Turnover and Replacement Within Functional Groups Explain Regional Diversity Variation in Assemblages Associated With Honeycomb Worms

Author: Muller, Alexandre, Poitrimol, Camille, Nunes, Flávia, Boyé, Aurélien, Curd, Amelia, Desroy, Nicolas, Firth, Louise, Bush, Laura, Davies, Andrew, Lima, Fernando, Marzloff, Martin, Meneghesso, Claudia, Seabra, Rui, Dubois, Stanislas, Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), Plymouth University, Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), University of Rhode Island (URI), Universidade do Porto, Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet, ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: ecosystem engineer, fungi, turnover, reef, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, functional diversity, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, biodiversity, taxonomic diversity
Abstract: International audience; Reef-building species are recognized as having an important ecological role and as generally enhancing the diversity of benthic organisms in marine habitats. However, although these ecosystem engineers have a facilitating role for some species, they may exclude or compete with others. The honeycomb worm Sabellaria alveolata (Linnaeus, 1767) is an important foundation species, commonly found from northwest Ireland to northern Mauritania, whose reef structures increase the physical complexity of the marine benthos, supporting high levels of biodiversity. Local patterns and regional differences in taxonomic and functional diversity were examined in honeycomb worm reefs from 10 sites along the northeastern Atlantic to explore variation in diversity across biogeographic regions and the potential effects of environmental drivers. While taxonomic composition varied across the study sites, levels of diversity remained relatively constant along the European coast. Assemblages showed high levels of species turnover compared to differences in richness, which varied primarily in response to sea surface temperatures and sediment content, the latter suggesting that local characteristics of the reef had a greater effect on community composition than the density of the engineering species. In contrast, the functional composition of assemblages was similar regardless of taxonomic composition or biogeography, with five functional groups being observed in all sites and only small differences in abundance in these groups being detected. Functional groups represented primarily filter-feeders and deposit-feeders, with the notable absence of herbivores, indicating that the reefs may act as biological filters for some species from the local pool of organisms. Redundancy was observed within functional groups that may indicate that honeycomb worm reefs can offer similar niche properties to its associated assemblages across varying environmental conditions. These results highlight the advantages of comparing taxonomic and functional metrics, which allow identification of a number of ecological processes that structure marine communities.
Published: 2021

30. A first assessment of organic carbon burial in the West Gironde Mud Patch (Bay of Biscay)

Author: Pascal Lebleu, John P. Walsh, Nicolas Dubosq, Dominique Poirier, Antoine Grémare, Sabine Schmidt, Hervé Gillet, Marie-Claire Perello, Bastien Lamarque, Bruno Deflandre, UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Rhode Island (URI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, West Gironde Mud Patch, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary structures, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Transect, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Organic carbon burial, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, Geology, Sedimentation, Bay of Biscay, 13. Climate action, Sedimentary rock, Bay, Sediment accumulation rate
Abstract: International audience; On the Bay of Biscay continental shelf, there are several mid-shelf mud patches including La Grande Vasière to the north, the West Gironde Mud Patch (WGMP) off the Gironde estuary and the Basque Mud Patch close to the Spanish border. In general, these deposits are several meters thick and cover coarser substrate. Questions remain about their storage capability for fine particles and carbon. This work investigates the sedimentation of the WGMP in order to develop a first estimate of organic carbon (OC) burial. Interface sediment cores were collected at nine stations along two cross-shelf transects in October-November 2016. X-radiograph imaging and grain-size analyses were used to characterize sedimentary structures. 210 Pb xs depth profiles were established to calculate sediment (SAR) and mass (MAR) accumulation rates. Sedimentary structures indicate episodic sandy inputs overlying older deposits at proximal sites, and relatively continuous sedimentation at seaward locations. On the outer-central portion of the northern transect, a maximum SAR (0.47 cm yr − 1) was observed, suggesting a depocenter. On the southern transect, excluding two stations where sedimentary inputs appear massive but sporadic, the SARs are lower (
Published: 2021

31. Ocean circulation causes the largest freshening event for 120 years in eastern subpolar North Atlantic

Author: Simon A. Josey, Marilena Oltmanns, Hedinn Valdimarsson, N. Penny Holliday, Igor Yashayaev, Virginie Thierry, Tom Rossby, Léon Chafik, Karin Margretha H. Larsen, William E. Johns, Hjálmar Hátún, Barbara Berx, Manfred Bersch, Cristian Florindo-Lopez, Sandrine Mulet, Gilles Reverdin, Stuart A. Cunningham, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Institute of Oceanography [Hamburg], University of Hamburg, Marine Scotland Science (MSS), Department of Meteorology [Stockholm] (MISU), Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Faroe Marine Research Institute, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, European Project: 633211,H2020,H2020-BG-2014-2,AtlantOS(2015), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Physical oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Global wind patterns, 010505 oceanography, Ocean current, General Chemistry, Salinity, Current (stream), Oceanography, Ocean sciences, Arctic, 13. Climate action, North west, lcsh:Q, Geology, Climate sciences
Abstract: The Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation is important to the climate system because it carries heat and carbon northward, and from the surface to the deep ocean. The high salinity of the subpolar North Atlantic is a prerequisite for overturning circulation, and strong freshening could herald a slowdown. We show that the eastern subpolar North Atlantic underwent extreme freshening during 2012 to 2016, with a magnitude never seen before in 120 years of measurements. The cause was unusual winter wind patterns driving major changes in ocean circulation, including slowing of the North Atlantic Current and diversion of Arctic freshwater from the western boundary into the eastern basins. We find that wind-driven routing of Arctic-origin freshwater intimately links conditions on the North West Atlantic shelf and slope region with the eastern subpolar basins. This reveals the importance of atmospheric forcing of intra-basin circulation in determining the salinity of the subpolar North Atlantic., The Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation is important to the global climate system. Here the authors show that eastern subpolar North Atlantic underwent extreme freshening during 2012 to 2016, with a magnitude never seen before in 120 years of surface measurements.
Published: 2020

32. Forty questions of importance to the policy and practice of native oyster reef restoration in Europe

Author: William G. Sanderson, Pierre Boudry, William J. Sutherland, Cass Bromley, Tom C. Cameron, Tom van der Have, Joanne Preston, Joop W.P. Coolen, Philine S. E. zu Ermgassen, Kruno Bonacic, Åsa Strand, Zoë Holbrook, Nancy Nevejan, Bérenger Colsoul, Bernadette Pogoda, Pauline Kamermans, Boze Hancock, Ane T. Laugen, Hein Sas, Anamarija Frankic, Stephane Pouvreau, Christopher J. Ranger, School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, University of Dubrovnik, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Scottish Natural Heritage, Fraser Darling House, School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, AWI Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Wageningen Marine Research [The Netherlands], Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, University of Zadar, Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Bureau Waardenburg, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, University of Agder (UIA), Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, University of Gent, University of Portsmouth, Labo inconnu (Labo inconnu), School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastruture and Society (EGIS), Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), Independent Consultant, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd, Department of Zoology [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), zu Ermgassen, PSE [0000-0002-3409-0644], Boudry, P [0000-0002-5150-2276], Bromley, CA [0000-0002-4627-1602], Colsoul, B [0000-0002-7891-8036], Coolen, JWP [0000-0002-8127-6097], Frankić, A [0000-0003-0968-5600], Holbrook, Z [0000-0002-0967-1770], Nevejan, N [0000-0001-6566-4607], Pogoda, B [0000-0003-3997-426X], Preston, J [0000-0002-2268-4998], Sanderson, WG [0000-0003-1686-0585], Sas, H [0000-0002-9407-3950], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), and Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Oyster, Biosecurity, alien species, insights, 01 natural sciences, Voting, pollution, preferences, media_common, education.field_of_study, subtidal, Ecology, biology, conservation, estuary, fishing, invertebrates, restoration, Geography, Ifremer, Oyster reef restoration, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, panorama, substrate, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, flat oyster, settlement, larval development, biology.animal, 14. Life underwater, Ostrea edulis, education, Environmental planning, Nature and Landscape Conservation, ecosystem, Business Manager projecten Midden-Noord, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ostrea-edulis l, Marine habitats, marine, Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497, biology.organism_classification, Threatened species, WIAS, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Business Manager projects Mid-North
Abstract: © 2020 The Authors. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Oyster reefs are among the most threatened marine habitats globally. In Europe, oyster reefs have been extirpated from most locations within their historical range. Active restoration of the native oyster (Ostrea edulis) in Europe has grown substantially in recent years. In sharing experiences between oyster restoration projects in Europe at the Native Oyster Restoration Alliance conference, NORA2, in Edinburgh in May 2019, it became apparent that a number of similar barriers are experienced. This study identified the top 40 questions, which, if answered, would have the greatest influence on the policy and practice of oyster restoration in Europe. Initially 71 people were consulted across 28 institutions and 11 European countries to generate 194 questions. An established process of one round of pre-workshop voting followed by a one-day online workshop and two post-workshop rounds of voting resulted in the final 40 questions. Questions were broadly grouped into the following 10 themes: baselines, site selection, restoration methods, quantifying benefits, disease management, biosecurity, genetic diversity and population differentiation, policy and management, novel technologies, and current and future threats. We anticipate that this list will provide a starting point for developing collaborative projects across the NORA network, as well as assisting policy makers and funders with identifying key areas that need to be addressed in order to overcome existing barriers to scaling up oyster restoration in Europe.
Published: 2020

33. Cardinal Buoys: An Opportunity for the Study of Air-Sea CO 2 Fluxes in Coastal Ecosystems

Author: Gac, Jean-Philippe, Marrec, Pierre, Cariou, Thierry, Guillerm, Christophe, Macé, Éric, Vernet, Marc, Bozec, Yann, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Division technique INSU/SDU (DTI), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: high-frequency, air-sea CO 2 exchanges, multi-annual, ocean acidification, tidal cycle, buoy of opportunity, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, coastal ecosystems
Abstract: International audience; From 2015 to 2019 we installed high-frequency (HF) sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, fluorescence, dissolved oxygen (DO) and partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2) sensors on a cardinal buoy of opportunity (ASTAN) at a coastal site in the southern Western English Channel (sWEC) highly influenced by tidal cycles. The sensors were calibrated against bimonthly discrete measurements performed at two long-term time series stations near the buoy, thus providing a robust multi-annual HF dataset. The tidal transport of a previously unidentified coastal water mass and an offshore water mass strongly impacted the daily and seasonal variability of pCO 2 and pH. The maximum tidal variability associated to spring tides (>7 m) during phytoplankton blooms represented up to 40% of the pCO 2 annual signal at ASTAN. At the same time, the daily variability of 0.12 pH units associated to this tidal transport was 6 times larger than the annual acidification trend observed in the area. A frequency/time analysis of the HF signal revealed the presence of a day/night cycle in the tidal signal. The diel biological cycle accounted for 9% of the annual pCO 2 amplitude during spring phytoplankton blooms. The duration and intensity of the biologically productive periods, characterized by large inter-annual variability, were the main drivers of pCO 2 dynamics. HF monitoring enabled us to accurately constrain, for the first-time, annual estimates of air-sea CO 2 exchanges in the nearshore tidally-influenced waters of the sWEC, which were a weak source to the atmosphere at 0.51 mol CO 2 m −2 yr −1. This estimate, combined with previous studies, provided a full latitudinal representation of the WEC (from 48 • 75 N to 50 • 25 N) over multiple years for air-sea CO 2 fluxes in contrasted coastal ecosystems. The latitudinal comparison showed a clear gradient from a weak source of CO 2 in the tidal mixing region toward sinks of CO 2 in the stratified region with a seasonal thermal front separating these hydrographical provinces. In view of the fact that several continental shelf regions have been reported to have switched from sources to sinks of CO 2 in the last century, weak CO 2 sources in such tidal mixing areas could potentially become sinks of atmospheric CO 2 in coming decades.
Published: 2020

34. High N 2 Fixation in and Near the Gulf Stream Consistent with a Circulation Control on Diazotrophy

Author: Katie S. Watkins-Brandt, Julie Granger, Afonso Gonçalves Neto, Angelicque E. White, Jaime B. Palter, Mar Benavides, Elana J. Ames, Pia H. Moisander, and University of Rhode Island (URI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biogeochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Gulf Stream, Fixation (surgical), Geophysics, Oceanography, Nitrogen fixation, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

35. Can Landscape Empower Rural 'Minorities' Through Tourism? Eco-Ethnicity in the Highlands of India, Nepal, China, Laos and Vietnam

Author: Landy, Frédéric, Chand, Raghubir, Déry, Steve, Dérioz, Pierre, Olivier, Ducourtieux, Garambois, Nadège, Gauché, Evelyne, Germaine, Marie-Anne, Hiwasaki, Lisa, Létang, Mauve, Sacareau, Isabelle, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kumaun University, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Caen), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), University of Rhode Island (URI), Espaces, Nature et Culture (ENeC), Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Passages, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Pondichéry / Centre de Sciences Humaines, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Asia, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, rural tourism, mountains, eco-ethnicity, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, minorities
Abstract: 31 p.; Why is rural tourism growing in some “marginal” Asian highlands but not in others? Why, in the regions with growing rural tourism, are “local people” impacted in different ways? Based on qualitative fieldwork research, this paper addresses these issues through a comparison of five highland case studies in India (Kumaon), Nepal (Annapurna), China (Guizhou), Vietnam (Lam Dong) and Laos (Luang Namtha). It tests the following hypothesis among others: What we call eco-ethnicity – the dual visibility of ethnic and environmental identity of a group – explains to a large extent the empowerment of local groups. Being endowed with a significant eco-ethnicity can provide substantial soft power to a group.
Published: 2020

36. Small phytoplankton dominate western North Atlantic biomass

Author: Emmanuel Boss, Chang Jae Choi, Jason R. Graff, Nils Haëntjens, Robert T. O'Malley, Stephen J. Giovannoni, Françoise Morison, Toby K. Westberry, Alexandra Z. Worden, Peter Gaube, Lee Karp-Boss, Alison Chase, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Luis M. Bolaños, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Alice Della Penna, Oregon State University (OSU), University of Maine, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Applied Physics Laboratory [Seattle] (APL-UW), University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rhode Island (URI), This research was supported by NASA NAAMES grant no. NNX15AE70G. We thank Mark Dasenko and Oregon State University CGRB for amplicon library preparation and sequencing. We thank Captains A. Lund and D. Bergeron and R/V Atlantis crew. We thank the NAAMES community for their input. This study has been conducted using E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS) and the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution (MUR) SST data (obtained from the NASA EOSDIS Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA). Phylogenetic analyses were supported in part by GBMF3788 and NSF DEB-1639033 to AZW. A. DP is grateful for the support of the Applied Physics Laboratory Science and Engineering Enrichment Development (SEED) fellowship and of funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 749591. We thank Mimi Lyon-Edmondson, Faith Hoyle, Emma Jourdain, Emma Dullaert and Gretchen Spencer for assistance with the classification of IFCB images., and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Water microbiology, Water mass, lineages, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cyanobacteria, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Article, diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Algae, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, Biomass, nanoplankton, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Microbial biooceanography, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diatoms, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), biology, variability, ACL, carbon, time-series, Community structure, Spring bloom, Plankton, Biogeochemistry, biology.organism_classification, Annual cycle, ocean, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Seasons, fluorescence, Molecular ecology, community structure, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, export
Abstract: WOS:000522382500001; International audience; The North Atlantic phytoplankton spring bloom is the pinnacle in an annual cycle that is driven by physical, chemical, and biological seasonality. Despite its important contributions to the global carbon cycle, transitions in plankton community composition between the winter and spring have been scarcely examined in the North Atlantic. Phytoplankton composition in early winter was compared with latitudinal transects that captured the subsequent spring bloom climax. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), imaging flow cytometry, and flow-cytometry provided a synoptic view of phytoplankton diversity. Phytoplankton communities were not uniform across the sites studied, but rather mapped with apparent fidelity onto subpolar- and subtropical-influenced water masses of the North Atlantic. At most stations, cells \textless 20-mu m diameter were the main contributors to phytoplankton biomass. Winter phytoplankton communities were dominated by cyanobacteria and pico-phytoeukaryotes. These transitioned to more diverse and dynamic spring communities in which pico- and nano-phytoeukaryotes, including many prasinophyte algae, dominated. Diatoms, which are often assumed to be the dominant phytoplankton in blooms, were contributors but not the major component of biomass. We show that diverse, small phytoplankton taxa are unexpectedly common in the western North Atlantic and that regional influences play a large role in modulating community transitions during the seasonal progression of blooms.
Published: 2020

37. Dating post-Archean lithospheric mantle: Insights from Re-Os and Lu-Hf isotopic systematics of the Cameroon Volcanic Line peridotites

Author: D. Graham Pearson, Olivier Alard, Haraldur Sigurdsson, Qiao Shu, Jingao Liu, Emilie Thomassot, State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources [Wuhan] (GPMR), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), University of Alberta, Institute of Geochemistry [Guiyang], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS), and Macquarie University
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Peridotite dating, Archean, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Highly siderophile element, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Sr-Nd-Hf, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Xenolith, Cameroon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Peridotite, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Olivine, Spinel, Craton, s Re-Os isotopes, Volcano, Volcanic Line, engineering, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Highly depleted Archean peridotites have proven very amenable to Re-Os model age dating. In contrast, due to the increasing heterogeneity of mantle Os isotope compositions with time, the Re-Os system has not been as effective in dating post-Archean peridotites. The timing of depletion and accretion of post-Archean lithospheric mantle around cratons is important to understand within the context of the evolution of the continents. In an attempt to precisely date post-Archean peridotite xenoliths, we present a study of the petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry, including whole-rock Re-Os isotopes, highly siderophile elements and clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of peridotite xenoliths from Lake Nyos in the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). Eight Nyos peridotite xenoliths, all fresh spinel lherzolites, are characterized by low to moderate olivine Fo contents (88.9–91.2) and low spinel Cr# (8.4–19.3), together with moderate to high whole-rock Al2O3 contents (2.0–3.7%). These chemical characteristics indicate that they are mantle residues of a few percent to
Published: 2020

38. Interrupted Blood Feeding in Ticks: Causes and Consequences

Author: Leon Meyer, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Josephus J. Fourie, Valérie Choumet, Byron L. Blagburn, Marie Varloud, Frans Jongejan, Djamel Tahir, Thomas N. Mather, Clinvet Morocco, Clinvet International, Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Rhode Island (URI), Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Auburn University (AU), Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital (LMU Munich), CEVA Santé Animale [Libourne, France] (Laboratoire Vétérinaire Pharmaceutique), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), 030231 tropical medicine, Review, interrupted blood feeding, Tick, Microbiology, ixodid ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, transmission time, Virology, parasitic diseases, Anaplasma, Powassan virus, Borrelia burgdorferi, lcsh:QH301-705.5, biology, pathogens, biology.organism_classification, Rickettsia rickettsii, bacterial infections and mycoses, 030104 developmental biology, Rickettsia, lcsh:Biology (General), Babesia, Babesia canis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods and act as vectors for a great variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Some tick-borne viruses, such as Powassan virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus, are transmissible within 15–60 min after tick attachment. However, a minimum of 3–24 h of tick attachment is necessary to effectively transmit bacterial agents such as Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Rickettsia spp. to a new host. Longer transmission periods were reported for Borrelia spp. and protozoans such as Babesia spp., which require a minimum duration of 24–48 h of tick attachment for maturation and migration of the pathogen. Laboratory observations indicate that the probability of transmission of tick-borne pathogens increases with the duration an infected tick is allowed to remain attached to the host. However, the transmission time may be shortened when partially fed infected ticks detach from their initial host and reattach to a new host, on which they complete their engorgement. For example, early transmission of tick-borne pathogens (e.g., Rickettsia rickettsii, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Brucella canis) and a significantly shorter transmission time were demonstrated in laboratory experiments by interrupted blood feeding. The relevance of such situations under field conditions remains poorly documented. In this review, we explore parameters of, and causes leading to, spontaneous interrupted feeding in nature, as well as the effects of this behavior on the minimum time required for transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
Published: 2020

39. Preface—JES Focus Issue on Challenges in Novel Electrolytes, Organic Materials, and Innovative Chemistries for Batteries in Honor of Michel Armand

Author: Maria Forsyth, Philippe Poizot, Dominique Guyomard, Vito Di Noto, Karim Zaghib, Brett L. Lucht, Teófilo Rojo, Doron Aurbach, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Ind, Padua, Italy, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia, Deakin University [Burwood], CIC ENERGIGUNE - Parque Tecnol Alava, Institut de Recherche d'Hydro-Québec [Varennes] (IREQ), University of Rhode Island (URI), and Bar-Ilan University [Israël]
Subjects: Focus (computing), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Honor, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Engineering ethics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

40. Catchment exports and monitoring

Author: Florentina Moatar, Benjamin Renard, Mathieu Floury, Arthur Gold, Michel Meybeck, Camille Minaudo, Martial Ferréol, André Chandesris, Kelly Addy, Jeremy Piffady, Gilles Pinay, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), University of Rhode Island (URI), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physics of Aquatic Systems Laboratory [Lausanne], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), and Université de Tours
Subjects: 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 6. Clean water
Abstract: Solute and sediment catchment exports from drainage basins are difficult to quantify because they are exported during “hot moments”, generally during high water periods. We present here a simple model for predicting load flashiness (M2, proportion of load exported during the highest 2% of flows) from flow flashiness (W2, proportion of flows exported during the highest 2% of flows) and export pattern (b50high, linear slope of the log concentration-log discharge relationship based on data above the median flow only). The model is parameterised based on an extensive monthly-sample data set from France, and validated using an independent daily-sample long-term data set from US including several rivers near Lake Erie (altogether over 1.5 Million discharge-concentrationBased on this model, we constructed a load-flashiness diagram to determine optimal monitoring frequency of dissolved or particulate constituents as a function of b50high and W2. Based on M2, optimal temporal monitoring frequency of the studied constituents decreases in the following order: TSS, TP, DOC, NO3, and TDS. Finally, we analyzed relationships between these metrics and catchments characteristics. Depending on the constituent, we explained between 30 to 40% of their M2 variance with simple catchment characteristics, such as stream network density or percentage of intensive agriculture. Therefore, catchment characteristics can be used as a first approach to set up water quality monitoring design where no hydrological and/or water quality monitoring exist.The load flashiness M2 can also be used to optimize monitoring frequency to reach a certain level of annual load uncertainty (here 10%) for loads trend detection required for instance by international conventions such as OSPAR and HELCOM. Regulatory monitoring in Europe, recommended by the WFD, promotes the monthly sampling for any monitored constituents (dissolved and particulate) and for any basin size. Such standardized monitoring does not take into account the actual variability of the constituent concentration and loads, particularly for the small (100 – 1000 km²) and very small (< 100 km²) basins. For instance, our results show that a 30 days sampling frequency is not appropriate to calculate loads with a reasonable uncertainty (+/- 10%) in more than 90% of cases.
Published: 2020

41. Combining remote sensing and in situ observations to study the physical-biological coupling at fine scale: recent Mediterranean campaigns and outlook

Author: Stéphanie Barrillon, Francesco d'Ovidio, Franck Dumas, Pierre Marrec, Jean-Luc Fuda, Gérald Grégori, Pierre Garreau, Francois Carlotti, Léo Berline, Marc Tedetti, Roxane Tzortzis, Nagib Bhairy, Melilotus Thyssen, Anne Petrenko, Frédéric Cyr, Louise Rousselet, Ananda Pascual, Andrea Doglioli, Lloyd Izard, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre (NWAFC), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), EGU, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Biogeochemical cycle, Ecology (disciplines), Sampling (statistics), Mediterranean sea, Eddy, 13. Climate action, Phytoplankton, Environmental science, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), Remote sensing
Abstract: on line; International audience; The oceanic fine scales are highly energetic features (eddies, fronts, meanders, filaments) with relatively short lifetimes (days/weeks to months). Due to their associated strong gradients in physical and biogeochemical properties, they crucially affect ocean physics and ecology with potential impacts at the climate scale. The temporal scale associated with these horizontal and vertical fine scales is the same as many important ecological processes including phytoplankton growth and competition. This temporal resonance is one of the reasons behind the fine-scale variability appearing in the marine ecosystems structure and related domains, including biogeochemical cycles, trophic food-webs The oceanic fine scales are highly energetic features (eddies, fronts, meanders, filaments) with relatively short lifetimes (days/weeks to months). Due to their associated strong gradients in physical and biogeochemical properties, they crucially affect ocean physics and ecology with potential impacts at the climate scale. The temporal scale associated with these horizontal and vertical fine scales is the same as many important ecological processes including phytoplankton growth and competition. This temporal resonance is one of the reasons behind the fine-scale variability appearing in the marine ecosystems structure and related domains, including biogeochemical cycles, trophic food-webs up to resources and biodiversity.Over the past few decades, great progresses have been made in characterizing fine scales through modeling. Remote sensing is also improving rapidly in terms of resolution, with landmark missions like SWOT expected to be operational very soon (2022). However, in situ sampling remains challenging due to the difficulties of mapping a large domain covering the length of a filament or the diameter of an eddy (~100km) at high spatio-temporal frequency (~km and ~daily).Here we present some sampling strategies we are developing for addressing this issue by combining remote sensing and in situ multi-platform high-resolution sampling of physical, biogeochemical and biological variables. In a series of campaigns in the Mediterranean Sea (OSCAHR 2015, PROTEVSMED-SWOT 2018, FUMSECK 2019), satellite-based adaptive and Lagrangian strategies proved to be successful to target and follow fine scale structures in situ. When paired with in situ biological measurements, like automated cytometry, these strategies highlight the important role of the fine scales in structuring the phytoplankton community by acting as fluid dynamical barriers and biodiversity hot-spots.To extend these observations to other regions, we support an international coordinated experimental effort of the fine scale community at several sites all around the world to fully exploit the great opportunities offered by the launch of the satellite SWOT.
Published: 2020

42. Species richness in North Atlantic fish: Process concealed by pattern

Author: Jón Sólmundsson, Didier Gascuel, Jónas P. Jonasson, Luis Gil de Sola, Jakov Dulčić, Jákup Reinert, Melita Peharda, Jan G. Hiddink, Heino O. Fock, Henrik Gislason, Mark R. Payne, Sanja Matić-Skoko, Lilja Stefansdottir, Nedo Vrgoč, F. Velasco, Corina Chaves, Cristina Silva, Remment ter Hofstede, Igor Isajlović, Andrey V. Dolgov, Hicham Masski, Gudrun Marteinsdottir, Maria de Fátima Borges, Anders Nielsen, Jeremy S. Collie, Teresa Bottari, Ole A Jørgensen, Kristján Kristinsson, Daniel E. Duplisea, Brian R. MacKenzie, DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), RUSSIAN FEDERAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FISHERIES AND OCEANOGRAPHY MOSCOW RUS, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries, Maurice-Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Thünen-Institute of Sea Fisheries, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO). Centro Costero de Málaga, Muelle Pesquero s/n. 29.640 Fuengirola (Málaga), Spain, School of Ocean Sciences [Menai Bridge], Bangor University, MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE REYKJAVIK ISL, Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, INRH, Faroe Marine Research Institute, INSTITUTO ESPANOL DE OCEANOGRAFIA SANTANDER ESP, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, abundance, biodiversity, density, marine fish, species size, temperature, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Abundance (ecology), SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, Pesquerías, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, Extinction, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Generalized additive model, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, Environmental science, Species richness, Neutral theory of molecular evolution, Global biodiversity
Abstract: Aim: Previous analyses of marine fish species richness based on presence-absence data have shown changes with latitude and average species size, but little is known about the underlying processes. To elucidate these processes we use metabolic, neutral and descriptive statistical models to analyse how richness responds to maximum species length, fish abundance, temperature, primary production, depth, latitude and longitude, while accounting for differences in species catchability, sampling effort and mesh size. Data: Results from 53,382 bottom trawl hauls representing 50 fish assemblages. Location: The northern Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Guinea. Time period: 1977–2013. Methods: A descriptive generalized additive model was used to identify functional relationships between species richness and potential drivers, after which nonlinear estimation techniques were used to parameterize: (a) a ‘best’ fitting model of species richness built on the functional relationships, (b) an environmental model based on latitude, longitude and depth, and mechanistic models based on (c) metabolic and (d) neutral theory. Results: In the ‘best’ model the number of species observed is a lognormal function of maximum species length. It increases significantly with temperature, primary production, sampling effort, and abundance, and declines with depth and, for small species, with the mesh size in the trawl. The ‘best’ model explains close to 90% of the deviance and the neutral, metabolic and environmental models 89%. In all four models, maximum species length and either temperature or latitude account for more than half of the deviance explained. Main conclusions: The two mechanistic models explain the patterns in demersal fish species richness in the northern Atlantic almost equally well. A better understanding of the underlying drivers is likely to require development of dynamic mechanistic models of richness and size evolution, fit not only to extant distributions, but also to historical environmental conditions and to past speciation and extinction rates, Sí
Published: 2020

43. Backwash sediment record of the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami and 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake Tsunami

Author: John-Patrick Walsh, Catherine Chagué, Pierre Sabatier, Atun Zawadzki, Eric Chaumillon, Daniela Fierro, Brieuc Riou, Jean-Luc Schneider, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rhode Island (URI), and Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation [Australie] (ANSTO)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lcsh:Medicine, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, Sedimentary depositional environment, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Natural hazards, Ocean sciences, American samoa, Oceanography, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, lcsh:Q, Sedimentary rock, Submarine pipeline, Bay, Geology
Abstract: Following recent tsunamis, most studies have focused on the onshore deposits, while the offshore backwash deposits, crucial for a better understanding of the hydrodynamic processes during such events and offering an opportunity for sedimentary archives of past tsunamis, have mostly been omitted. Here, we present a unique sedimentary record of the backwash from two historical tsunamis sampled in a sheltered bay in American Samoa, namely the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami and the 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake Tsunami. Although not always concomitant with a marked grain size change, backwash deposits are identified by terrestrial geochemical and mineralogical signatures, associated with basal soft sediment micro-deformations. These micro-deformations, including asymmetric flame structures, are described for the first time in historic shallow marine backwash deposits and lead us to propose an improved depositional mechanism for tsunami backflow based on hyperpycnal currents. Moreover, this study brings a potential new criterion to the proxy toolkit for identifying tsunami backwash deposits, namely the basal soft sediment micro-deformations. We suggest that further studies focus on these micro-deformations in order to test the representability of this criterion for tsunami backwash deposits. Sheltered shallow marine environments in areas repeatedly impacted by tsunamis have a higher potential for the reconstruction of paleo-tsunami catalogs and should be preferentially investigated for coastal risk assessment.
Published: 2020

44. Experimental and numerical assessment of deterministic nonlinear ocean waves prediction algorithms using non-uniformly sampled wave gauges

Author: Yves Perignon, Félicien Bonnefoy, Nicolas Desmars, Charles-Antoine Guérin, Stephan T. Grilli, Guillaume Ducrozet, Pierre Ferrant, Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rhode Island (URI), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Deterministic prediction, Mathematical analysis, Wave tank experiments, Ocean Engineering, Inversion (meteorology), Ocean waves, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nonlinear system, Wave model, Data acquisition, Lidar, Airy wave theory, Surface wave, 0103 physical sciences, Wind wave, Geology, Nonlinear waves, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; We assess the capability of fast wave models to deterministically predict nonlinear ocean surface waves from non-uniformly distributed data such as sampled from an optical ocean sensor. Linear and weakly nonlinear prediction algorithms are applied to long-crested irregular waves based on a set of laboratory experiments and corresponding numerical simulations. An array of wave gauges is used for data acquisition, representing the typical spatial sampling an optical sensor (e.g., LIDAR) would make at grazing incidence. Predictions of the weakly nonlinear Improved Choppy Wave Model are compared to those of the Linear Wave Theory with and without a nonlinear dispersion relationship correction. Wave models are first inverted based on gauge data which provides the initial model parameters, then propagated to issue a prediction. We find that the wave prediction accuracy converges with the amount of input data used in the inversion. When waves are propagated in the models, correctly modeling the nonlinear wave phase velocity provides the main improvement in accuracy, while including nonlinear wave shape effects only improves surface elevation representation in the spatio-temporal region where input data are acquired. Surface slope prediction accuracy, however, strongly depends on the appropriate nonlinear wave shape modeling.
Published: 2020

45. ICDP workshop on the Lake Tanganyika Scientific Drilling Project: a late Miocene–present record of climate, rifting, and ecosystem evolution from the world's oldest tropical lake

Author: Russell, J., Barker, P., Cohen, A., Ivory, S., Kimirei, I., Lane, C., Leng, M., Maganza, N., McGlue, M., Msaky, E., Noren, A., Park Boush, L., Salzburger, W., Scholz, C., Tiedemann, R., Nuru, S., Albrecht, C., Ali, R., Arrowsmith, R., Asanga, D., Asmerom, Y., Bakundukize, C., Bauersachs, T., Beck, C., Berke, M., Beverley, E., Blaauw, M., Boush, L., Brown, E., Campisano, C., Carrapa, B., Castaûeda, I., Dee, S., Deino, A., Ebinger, C., Ellis, G., Foerster, V., Fontijn, K., Gehrels, G., Indemaur, A., Jovanovska, E., Junginger, A., Kaboth, S., Kallmeyer, J., King, L., Konecky, B., Mark, D., McIntyre, P., Michel, E., Mkuu, D., Morgan, L., Mtetela, C., Muderwha, N., Muirhead, J., Mumbi, C., Muschick, M., Nahimana, D., Ngowi, V., Njiko, P., Nkenyeli, S., Nkotagu, H., Ntakimazi, G., Oppo, D., Purkamo, L., Rick, J., Roberts, H., Ronco, F., Sangweni, C., Shaghude, Y., Shigela, J., Shillington, D., Sophia, C., Sier, M., Soreghan, M., Spanbauer, T., Spencer-Jones, C., Staff, R., Stone, J., Todd, J., Trauth, M., van Bocxlaer, B., Viehberg, F., Vogel, H., Vonhof, H., Wolff, C., Wu, Q., Yost, C., Zeeden, C., Brown University, Lancaster University, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, University of Arizona, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), British Geological Survey [Keyworth], British Geological Survey (BGS), Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation, University of Kentucky, University of Minnesota [Duluth], University of Minnesota System, University of Connecticut (UCONN), University of Basel (Unibas), Syracuse University, University of Potsdam, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Petroleum Upstream Regulatory Authority, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], University of Burundi, University of Kiel, Hamilton College, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), University of Houston, Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Rice University [Houston], Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), Tulane University, United States Geological Survey (USGS), University of Cologne, University of Brussels, University of Tübingen, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), University of Rhode Island (URI), University of Washington [Seattle], Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh, University of Wisconsin-Madison, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Hydrobiology Laboratory - Uvira, Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), University of Bern, University of Louisiana, Geological Survey of Finland, University of Wyoming (UW), Aberystwyth University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology (Niglas), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), CNIEH, University of Oklahoma (OU), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Durham University, University of Glasgow, Indiana State University, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Leibnitz Institute of Applied Geophysics, Department of Geosciences [University of Arizona], University of Kentucky (UK), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Geological Survey of Finland = Geologian tutkimuskeskus tuottaa (GKT), and Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP))
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, Earth science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Context (language use), Stratigraphie, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Sciences de l'ingénieur, 01 natural sciences, Paleoclimatology, Tropical climate, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mechanical Engineering, Scientific drilling, Géochronologie, Sédimentologie, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Biosphere, 15. Life on land, lcsh:Geology, Mécanique sectorielle, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Paleoecology, 570 Life sciences, biology, Climatologie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Global cooling, Geology, Géodynamique et tectonique
Abstract: The Neogene and Quaternary are characterized by enormous changes in global climate and environments, including global cooling and the establishment of northern high-latitude glaciers. These changes reshaped global ecosystems, including the emergence of tropical dry forests and savannahs that are found in Africa today, which in turn may have influenced the evolution of humans and their ancestors. However, despite decades of research we lack long, continuous, well-resolved records of tropical climate, ecosystem changes, and surface processes necessary to understand their interactions and influences on evolutionary processes. Lake Tanganyika, Africa, contains the most continuous, long continental climate record from the mid-Miocene (∼ 10 Ma) to the present anywhere in the tropics and has long been recognized as a top-priority site for scientific drilling. The lake is surrounded by the Miombo woodlands, part of the largest dry tropical biome on Earth. Lake Tanganyika also harbors incredibly diverse endemic biota and an entirely unexplored deep microbial biosphere, and it provides textbook examples of rift segmentation, fault behavior, and associated surface processes. To evaluate the interdisciplinary scientific opportunities that an ICDP drilling program at Lake Tanganyika could offer, more than 70 scientists representing 12 countries and a variety of scientific disciplines met in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in June 2019. The team developed key research objectives in basin evolution, source-to-sink sedimentology, organismal evolution, geomicrobiology, paleoclimatology, paleolimnology, terrestrial paleoecology, paleoanthropology, and geochronology to be addressed through scientific drilling on Lake Tanganyika. They also identified drilling targets and strategies, logistical challenges, and education and capacity building programs to be carried out through the project. Participants concluded that a drilling program at Lake Tanganyika would produce the first continuous Miocene-present record from the tropics, transforming our understanding of global environmental change, the environmental context of human origins in Africa, and providing a detailed window into the dynamics, tempo and mode of biological diversification and adaptive radiations., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020

46. Merleau-Ponty’s Poetic of the World. Philosophy and Literature

Author: Galen A, Johnson, Carbone, Mauro, de Saint Aubert, Emmanuel, University of Rhode Island (URI), Institut de recherches philosophiques de Lyon (IRPhiL), Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Pays germaniques , histoire - culture - philosophie (UMR8547) (PG,HCP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and de Saint Aubert, Emmanuel
Subjects: [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

47. The genome sequence of the grape phylloxera provides insights into the evolution, adaptation, and invasion routes of an iconic pest

Author: Ying Zhang, Pascale Roux, Alex C.C. Wilson, Celeste R. Banfill, Roderic Guigó, Ming Tang, Carole Vincent-Monégat, Denis Tagu, Claude Rispe, Yi Min Hsiao, Angela E. Douglas, Daciana Papura, Keith Dufault-Thompson, Frédérique Hilliou, Shanlin Liu, Astrid Forneck, Nicolas Montagné, Eric Lombaert, Fabrice Legeai, Julio Rozas, Gaël Le Trionnaire, Yvan Rahbé, Anthony Bretaudeau, Jing Zhao, Silvia Hinojosa-Alvarez, Maryem Bouallègue, Joshua Wemmer, Stéphanie Robin, Jose Francisco Sánchez-Herrero, Pierre Capy, Federica Calevro, Xin Zhou, David Martínez-Torres, Martine Maïbèche, Patrice Baa-Puyoulet, Marina Marcet-Houben, Gaëlle Le Goff, Aida Ripoll-Cladellas, Mélanie Ribeiro Lopes, Wenhua Tian, Hsiao-ling Lu, François Delmotte, Toni Gabaldón, Arinder K. Arora, Paul A Umina, Rémy Félix Serre, Spencer Johnston, Olivier Catrice, Céline Roques, Paul D. Nabity, Serena Zhao, Pablo Librado, Miquel Barberà, Thomas Chertemps, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, Benjamin Joubard, Leticia Bao, Jennifer A. Brisson, Camille Meslin, Honglin Feng, Manuella van Munster, Paula Escuer, Edward B. James, Rosa Fernández, Chaoyang Zhao, Mohamed Makni, Sylvie Hudaverdian, Nancy A. Moran, Iris Scatoni, Nicolas Parisot, Carole Couture, Didac Santesmasses, Laurent Delière, Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Department of Botany and Plant Sciences [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Centre for Genomic Regulation [Barcelona] (CRG), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico [Barcelona] (CNAG), Institut de Biologia Evolutiva [Barcelona] (IBE / UPF - CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Cornell University [New York], Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions (BF2I), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Universitat de València (UV), Faculté des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles de Tunis (FST), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), University of Rochester [USA], Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Rhode Island (URI), Université de Barcelonne, Boyce Thompson Institute [Ithaca], Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital [Taipei] (CGMH), Texas A&M University [College Station], Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI), China Agricultural University (CAU), MingDao University (MDU), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Trafic et signalisation membranaires chez les bactéries (MTSB), Microbiologie, adaptation et pathogénie (MAP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique ( GeT-PlaGe), Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), University of California, University of Melbourne, INRAE (France), Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion Fellowship (Government of Spain) : IJCI-2015-26627, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship : 747607, US National Institute of Food and Agriculture : 12216941, University of Miami Maytag Fellowship from the Department of Biology, William H. Evoy Graduate Research Support Fund from the Department of Biology, Molecular Biosciences Graduate Research, Award from the Department of Biology, Springer Nature, European Project: 764840,IGNITE, École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Entomology [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UDELAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California (UC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), Miami University, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Fil·loxera, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Introduced species, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Gene duplications, Structural Biology, Vitis, lcsh:QH301-705.5, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Host plant interactions, Endosymbiosis, biology, food and beverages, Biological Sciences, Biological Evolution, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Rootstock, Infection, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, Biotechnology, Research Article, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Hemiptera, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Insect pests, Animals, Plagues d'insectes, Adaptation, Biological invasions, Genomes, education, Phylloxera, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Obligate, Human Genome, Viticultura, Cell Biology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Biological, Effectors, Climate Action, lcsh:Biology (General), 13. Climate action, Evolutionary biology, Arthropod genomes, Introduced Species, Insect, Animal Distribution, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Background: Although native to North America, the invasion of the aphid-like grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae across the globe altered the course of grape cultivation. For the past 150 years, viticulture relied on grafting-resistant North American Vitis species as rootstocks, thereby limiting genetic stocks tolerant to other stressors such as pathogens and climate change. Limited understanding of the insect genetics resulted in successive outbreaks across the globe when rootstocks failed. Here we report the 294-Mb genome of D. vitifoliae as a basic tool to understand host plant manipulation, nutritional endosymbiosis, and enhance global viticulture. Results: Using a combination of genome, RNA, and population resequencing, we found grape phylloxera showed high duplication rates since its common ancestor with aphids, but similarity in most metabolic genes, despite lacking obligate nutritional symbioses and feeding from parenchyma. Similarly, no enrichment occurred in development genes in relation to viviparity. However, phylloxera evolved > 2700 unique genes that resemble putative effectors and are active during feeding. Population sequencing revealed the global invasion began from the upper Mississippi River in North America, spread to Europe and from there to the rest of the world. Conclusions: The grape phylloxera genome reveals genetic architecture relative to the evolution of nutritional endosymbiosis, viviparity, and herbivory. The extraordinary expansion in effector genes also suggests novel adaptations to plant feeding and how insects induce complex plant phenotypes, for instance galls. Finally, our understanding of the origin of this invasive species and its genome provide genetics resources to alleviate rootstock bottlenecks restricting the advancement of viticulture., This work has been funded by INRAE (France) and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 764840 for the ITN IGNITE project. Rosa Fernandez was funded by a Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación Fellowship (Government of Spain, IJCI-2015-26627) and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship (747607). Angela Douglas was supported by the US National Institute of Food and Agriculture Grant 12216941. Honglin Feng was supported by a University of Miami Maytag Fellowship, William H. Evoy Graduate Research Support Fund, and a Molecular Biosciences Graduate Research Award from the Department of Biology.
Published: 2020

48. Habitat suitability and environmental niche comparison of cold-water coral species along the Brazilian continental margin

Author: Andrew J. Davies, R.V. Barbosa, Paulo Y. G. Sumida, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), School of Ocean Sciences [Menai Bridge], Bangor University, University of Rhode Island (URI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), offshore, Species distribution, Niche, Scleractinia, ocean acidification, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, diversity, lophelia-pertusa scleractinia, Continental margin, Environmental impact assessment, Southwestern Atlantic, 14. Life underwater, Environmental niche, range size, Ecological niche, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Deep-sea corals, conservation, Octocorallia, temperature, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, RECIFES DE CORAIS, Habitat suitability modelling, Lophelia pertusa, Geography, Habitat, vulnerable marine ecosystems, deep, protected area, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: WOS:000508749000008; International audience; In face of increasing anthropogenic disturbance in the deep sea, it is a priority to better understand the regional distribution of cold-water corals (CWC). These organisms create some of the most species-rich habitats in the deep sea and, for this reason, they must be properly protected and managed. In this study, we aimed to identify suitable habitat for multiple CWC taxa off the Brazilian continental margin and compare their environmental niches. Habitat suitability models were developed using the Maxent approach, which allowed for the prediction of species distribution and for the identification of potential 'hot spot' areas that may be important for biodiversity conservation. Ecological niches were determined by a PCA-env approach, and niche similarity and equivalence were evaluated based on niche overlap using the Schoener's D metric. Potentially suitable habitat for Octocorallia covered a broad latitudinal range encompassing nearly the entire Brazilian continental margin, whereas Scleractinia had greater potentially suitable habitat in the Central and Southern areas. Scleractinian species were observed to slightly differ in their environmental niche, with non-reef-forming species being more tolerant to a wider range of environmental conditions in comparison with reef-forming species, inhabiting a wider area of the South American continental margin. Due to the high potential suitability for several CWC species, the Central and Southern parts of the Brazilian continental margin should be considered as potential areas high CWC diversity. Considering the current state of the art and strategic assessment tools, these areas are important targets for conservation, management, and environmental impact assessment. Most reef-forming species had similar but not directly equivalent ecological niches, indicating that mapping efforts and management planning should consider CWCs at the species level.
Published: 2020

49. Erratum to 'Quantifying Cyanothece growth under DIC limitation' [Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. 19 (2021) 6456–6464]

Author: Inomura, K, Masuda, T, Eichner, M, Rabouille, S, Zavřel, T, Červený, J, Vancová, M, Bernát, G, Armin, G, Claquin, P, Kotabová, E, Stephan, S, Suggett, DJ, Deutsch, C, Prášil, O, University of Rhode Island (URI), Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague, Czech Republic] (MBU / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Institute of Parasitology [České Budějovice] (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], and University of Washington [Seattle]
Subjects: Structural Biology, Genetics, Biophysics, 0103 Numerical and Computational Mathematics, 0802 Computation Theory and Mathematics, Biochemistry, TP248.13-248.65, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Computer Science Applications, Biotechnology
Abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.036.].
Published: 2022

50. Atlantic Water Transformation Along Its Poleward Pathway Across the Nordic Seas

Author: Thomas Rossby, Henrik Søiland, Anthony Bosse, Ilker Fer, Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Rhode Island (URI)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, winter mixing, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Oseanografi: 452 [VDP], Oceanography, Atlantic water, 01 natural sciences, VDP::Fysikk: 430, spiciness, Transformation (music), Lofoten Basin, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Oceanography: 452 [VDP], Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), water mass transformation, Nordic Seas, 14. Life underwater, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430 [VDP], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, VDP::Physics: 430, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010505 oceanography, Nordic seas, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430 [VDP], Geology
Abstract: The warm and salty Atlantic Water is substantially modified along its poleward transit across the Nordic Seas, where it reaches deeper isopycnals. In particular, the Lofoten Basin, exposed to intense air‐sea interactions, plays a crucial role in the transformation of Atlantic Water. Averaged over a seasonal cycle, Atlantic Water releases approximately 80 W/m2 of heat to the atmosphere over a large area, leading to winter mixed layer depths of up to 500 m (locally exceeding 1,000 m in the Lofoten Basin Eddy, a permanent vortex located in the basin center) and substantial water mass transformation. We investigate spiciness injection (temperature and salinity increase) by winter mixing, by performing an isopycnal analysis using a comprehensive observational data set covering the 2000–2017 period. Compared to the Atlantic Water properties at the Svinøy section, representative of the inflowing Atlantic Water, some isopycnals reveal an important warming (up to 1.5°C) and salinification (up to 0.2 g/kg). Key areas for spiciness injection are the western Lofoten Basin and west of Bear Island. The modified spicy Atlantic Waters coincide with low potential vorticity with strongly density‐compensated layers at their base, allowing double‐diffusion processes to occur farther downstream toward the Arctic. Despite its limited spatial extent, the Lofoten Basin Eddy exhibits the greatest spiciness injection, as well as the deepest mixed layer and thickest low potential vorticity layer of the Norwegian Seas. The Atlantic Water spiciness at Svinøy shows a downstream correlation in the Lofoten Basin and farther north toward the Arctic with a lag of 1 to 1.5 years. publishedVersion
Published: 2018

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