Search

Your search keyword '"University of Poitiers"' showing total 1,430 results
Start Over Author "University of Poitiers"
1,430 results on '"University of Poitiers"'

4. Intravascular Volumes in Hypoxia During Antarctic Confinement (ANTARCV)

Author

Center for Physical Activity Research, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark, Laboratory Mobility, aging & exercise (MOVE) -EA 6314, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, France, Department for Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan School of Medicine, Milan, Italy, and HP2 Laboratory, INSERM, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

Published
2022

9. RAS Mutations in ctDNA and Anti-EGFR reINTROduction in mCRC (RASINTRO) (RASINTRO)

Author

Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France, UMR-S1147, Université Paris Descartes, Methodology and Quality of Life in Oncology Unit, Besançon University Hospital, France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France, University Hospital Robert Debré, Reims, France, and Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France

Published
2017

10. Subject in politics and justice

Author

Kim Sang Ong-Van-Cung and University of Poitiers

Subjects
Castigo, justicia restaurativa, reconocimiento, sujeto jurídico, Filosofía política, punishment, restorative justice, recognition, juridical subject, Filosofía
Abstract

En este artículo examinamos el sentido kantiano del castigo y su reformulación en la problematización foucaultiana del derecho de castigar, que es en gran medida una crítica de la concepción kantiana. Luego presentamos la concepción de una justicia restaurativa fundamentada en el ideal social del reconocimiento; la cual corrige ciertos aspectos de la concepción kantiana pero le confiere a la justicia su estatus de institución, sin quedarse solamente en criticarla. In this paper we study the Kantian conception of punishment in the Metaphysics of Morals. We look at Foucault’s reformulation of the right to punish which is mostly a critique of the kantian conception. Then we introduce the conception of restorative justice grounded on the social ideal of recognition, which corrects certain aspects of the Kantian conception, but gives to justice its status of an institution rather than being a critique of it.

Published
2010

11. PKR, the double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase as a critical target in Alzheimer's disease.

Author

University of Poitiers - Research Group on Brain Aging (EA 3808), Morel, Milena, Couturier, Julien, Lafay-Chebassier, Claire, Paccalin, Marc, Page, Guylène, University of Poitiers - Research Group on Brain Aging (EA 3808), Morel, Milena, Couturier, Julien, Lafay-Chebassier, Claire, Paccalin, Marc, and Page, Guylène

Abstract

Amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles are key hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abeta stimulates many signal transducers involved in the neuronal death. However, many mechanisms remain to be elucidated because no definitive therapy of AD exists. Some studies have focused on the control of translation which involves eIF2 and eIF4E, main eukaryotic factors of initiation. The availability of these factors depends on the activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), respectively. mTOR positively regulates the translation while PKR results in a protein synthesis shutdown. Many studies demonstrated that the PKR signalling pathway is up-regulated in cellular and animal models of AD and in the brain of AD patients. Interestingly, our results showed that phosphorylated PKR and eIF2alpha levels were significantly increased in lymphocytes of AD patients. These modifications were significantly correlated with cognitive and memory test scores performed in AD patients. On the contrary, the mTOR signalling pathway is down-regulated in cellular and animal models of AD. Recently, we showed that p53, regulated protein in development and DNA damage response 1 and tuberous sclerosis complex 2 could represent molecular links between PKR and mTOR signalling pathways. PKR could be an early biomarker of the neuronal death and a critical target for a therapeutic programme in AD.

Published
2009

12. Classical hydrodynamics for analogue space–times: open channel flows and thin films

Author

Germain Rousseaux, Hamid Kellay, Institut Pprime (PPRIME), ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the French National Research Agencythrough the grant no. ANR-15-CE30-0017-04 associated with the project HARALAB, by the University of Poitiers (ACI UP on Wave-Current Interactions 2013-2014), by the Interdisciplinary Mission of CNRS which funded the linear motor of the wave maker in 2013, and by the University of Tours in a joint grant with the University of Poitiers (ARC Poitiers-Tours 2014–2015). It is currently funded by the project OFHYS of the CNRS80 Prime initiative since 2019 and the Pprime ACI internal funding GrAnHysMice in 2020., and ANR-15-CE30-0017,HARALAB,Rayonnement de Hawking au Laboratoire(2015)

Subjects
Gravity (chemistry), Capillary action, General Mathematics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics - Classical Physics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Wave-current Interaction, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], 010306 general physics, Wave–current interaction, Physics, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Flowing Soap Films, General Engineering, Classical Physics (physics.class-ph), Articles, Mechanics, Open-channel flow, Circular Jump, Flow (mathematics), [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Jump, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Soap film, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Hydraulic Channel
Abstract

Here we review the way to build analogue spacetimes in open channel flows by looking at the flow phase diagram and the corresponding analogue experiments performed during the last years in the associated flow regimes. Thin films like the circular jump with different dispersive properties are discussed with the introduction of a brand new system for the next generation of analogue gravity experiments: flowing soap films with their capillary/elastic waves., Comment: Philosophical transactions of the royal society A - mathematical physical and engineering sciences, in press

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. The amygdala–ventral pallidum pathway contributes to a hypodopaminergic state in the ventral tegmental area during protracted abstinence from chronic cocaine

Author

Adélie Salin, Emilie Dugast, Virginie Lardeux, Marcello Solinas, Pauline Belujon, Laboratoire de neurosciences expérimentales et cliniques (LNEC), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was supported by the Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, the Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, the University of Poitiers, CHU of Poitiers, SFR FED 4226and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR JC, ANR-15-CE37-0010 to P.B.)., and ANR-15-CE37-0010,PlastCocIC,Rôle du circuit amygdale-cortex insulaire dans le risque persistant de rechute(2015)

Subjects
relapse, Pharmacology, Dopamine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], cocaine, amygdala, incubation of craving, dysphoria, ventral pallidum
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Incubation of craving, the progressive increase in drug seeking over the first weeks of abstinence, is associated with temporal changes during abstinence in the activity of several structures involved in drug-seeking behavior. Decrease of dopamine (DA) release and decrease in DA neurons’ activity (hypodopaminergic state) have been reported in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) during cocaine abstinence but the mechanisms underlying these neuroadaptations are not well understood. Here, we investigated the potential involvement of a VTA inhibiting circuit (basolateral amygdala (BLA)-ventral pallidum (VP) pathway) in the hypodopaminergic state associated with abstinence from chronic cocaine. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: In a model of cocaine self-administration, we performed in vivo electrophysiological recordings of DA VTA neurons and BLA neurons from anesthetized rats during early and protracted abstinence and evaluated the involvement of the BLA-VP pathway using a pharmacological approach. KEY RESULTS: We found significant decreases in VTA DA population activity and significant increases in BLA activity after protracted but not after short-term abstinence from chronic cocaine. The decrease in VTA DA activity was restored by pharmacological inhibition of the activity of either the BLA or the VP, suggesting that these regions exert a negative influence on DA activity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Our study sheds new lights on neuroadaptations occurring during incubation of craving leading to relapse. In particular, we describe the involvement of the BLA-VP pathway in cocaine-induced decreases of DA activity in the VTA. This study adds important information about the specific brain network dysfunctions underlying hypodopaminergic activity during abstinence.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Experimental alteration of a meteoritic model-glass in different media

Author

Bourdin,Emmanuel, Thomassin,Jean-Hugues, Coustumer,Philippe Le, Abrioux,Marie-Francoise, Nakashima,Satoru, and Materials and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Engineering, URA CNRS 721, University of Poitiers/Materials and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Engineering, URA CNRS 721, University of Poitiers/Materials and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Engineering, URA CNRS 721, University of Poitiers/Materials and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Engineering, URA CNRS 721, University of Poitiers/Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo

Abstract

A meteoritic model-glass has been altered under oxidizing conditions in different media (water and sulfuric acid) at 80℃ and 0℃. The reactions were followed by analysis of solutions and solids (XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM). After reaction, all the elements were detected in solution, at different levels of concentration related to the medium. The most aggressive media were sulfuric acid at pH 1 for 80℃ and 0℃ runs. In such alteration conditions, the surface of the solid evolved rapidly according to the temperature. At 80℃, one noticed the development of a Si-rich layer containing calcium and sulfate ions which combined to form gypsum. At 0℃, only smooth surface with etch pits and scarce gypsum crystals were observed. In contact with glass, ultramicrotomed thin-sections studied by TEM revealed the presence of two kinds of products : Fe-Al silicate phases (in deionized water and H_2SO_4 solution with pH_4) and a high-silica content layer (H_2SO_4 solution with pH1,at 80℃).

Published
1995

16. In vitro and intracellular activities of frog skin temporins against Legionella pneumophila and its eukaryotic hosts

Author

Florine Ecale, Ali Ladram, Alexandre Crépin, Jean-François Jégou, Sonia André, Anne Cantereau, Jean-Marc Berjeaud, Anastasia Croitoru, Julien Verdon, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus épithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École polytechnique (X), Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biosynthèse des Signaux Peptidiques [IBPS] (IBPS-BIOSIPE), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cantereau Becq, Anne, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This work was supported by the French Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), the University of Poitiers and the EBI laboratory. A part of this work was also supported by funds from Sorbonne University., and Bodescot, Myriam

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Nucleolus, Legionella, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Intracellular Space, lcsh:Medicine, Vacuole, Legionella pneumophila, Permeability, Article, Cell Line, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, stomatognathic system, Animals, Humans, Amastigote, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Skin, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Microscopy, Multidisciplinary, biology, Antimicrobials, Chemistry, Macrophages, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, Subcellular localization, Bacterial host response, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SP.PHARMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, lcsh:Q, Anura, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Microbiology techniques, Intracellular, Bacteria, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Abstract

Temporin-SHa (SHa) is a small cationic host defence peptide (HDP) produced in skin secretions of the Sahara frog Pelophylax saharicus. This peptide has a broad-spectrum activity, efficiently targeting bacteria, parasites and viruses. Noticeably, SHa has demonstrated an ability to kill Leishmania infantum parasites (amastigotes) within macrophages. Recently, an analog of SHa with an increased net positive charge, named [K3]SHa, has been designed to improve those activities. SHa and [K3]SHa were both shown to exhibit leishmanicidal activity mainly by permeabilization of cell membranes but could also induce apoptotis-like death. Temporins are usually poorly active against Gram-negative bacteria whereas many of these species are of public health interest. Among them, Legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of Legionnaire’s disease, is of major concern. Indeed, this bacterium adopts an intracellular lifestyle and replicate inside alveolar macrophages likewise inside its numerous protozoan hosts. Despite several authors have studied the antimicrobial activity of many compounds on L. pneumophila released from host cells, nothing is known about activity on intracellular L. pneumophila within their hosts, and subsequently mechanisms of action that could be involved. Here, we showed for the first time that SHa and [K3]SHa were active towards several species of Legionella. Both peptides displayed bactericidal activity and caused a loss of the bacterial envelope integrity leading to a rapid drop in cell viability. Regarding amoebae and THP-1-derived macrophages, SHa was less toxic than [K3]SHa and exhibited low half maximal lethal concentrations (LC50). When used at non-toxic concentration (6.25 µM), SHa killed more than 90% L. pneumophila within amoebae and around 50% within macrophages. Using SHa labeled with the fluorescent dye Cy5, we showed an evenly diffusion within cells except in vacuoles. Moreover, SHa was able to enter the nucleus of amoebae and accumulate in the nucleolus. This subcellular localization seemed specific as macrophages nucleoli remained unlabeled. Finally, no modifications in the expression of cytokines and HDPs were recorded when macrophages were treated with 6.25 µM SHa. By combining all data, we showed that temporin-SHa decreases the intracellular L. pneumophila load within amoebae and macrophages without being toxic for eukaryotic cells. This peptide was also able to reach the nucleolus of amoebae but was not capable to penetrate inside vacuoles. These data are in favor of an indirect action of SHa towards intracellular Legionella and make this peptide a promising template for further developments.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. A Novel Multi-Dimensional Clinical Response Index Dedicated to Improving Global Assessment of Pain in Patients with Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome after Spinal Surgery, Based on a Real-Life Prospective Multicentric Study (PREDIBACK) and Machine Learning Techniques

Author

Maxime Billot, Maarten Moens, Philippe Page, Amine Ounajim, Chantal Wood, Laure Poupin, Yousri Slaoui, Brigitte Roy-Moreau, Pierre-Yves Louis, Philippe Rigoard, Romain David, M. Roulaud, Nihel Adjali, Mathilde Many, Nelly Grimaud, Lisa Goudman, Delphine Rannou, Sandrine Baron, Raphael Rigoard, Géraldine Brumauld de Montgazon, Bénédicte Bouche, Elodie Charrier, Kevin Nivole, Nicolas Naiditch, Bertille Lorgeoux, Supporting clinical sciences, Neurosurgery, Pain in Motion, Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation, Radiology, Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), prismatics (PRISMATICS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Department of Spine Surgery & Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA-Poitiers), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium, STUMULUS Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium, Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] (IMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Dynamiques européennes (DynamE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France, Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, La Rochelle Hospital, 17000 La Rochelle, France, Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, Nord Deux-Sèvres Hospital, 79000 Niort, France, Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, Centre Clinical Elsan, 16800 Soyaux, France, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Poitiers University Hospital, University of Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France, Service des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (STIC), CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), STIMULUS research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium, MedtronicERP NM-3351Poitiers University Hospital, France, Photomécanique et analyse expérimentale en Mécanique des solides (PEM), Département Génie Mécanique et Systèmes Complexes (GMSC), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
Index (economics), pain mapping, functional capacity, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, computer.software_genre, Machine Learning, surgery, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, psychological distress, Pain assessment, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], 030212 general & internal medicine, Quality Of Life, media_common, pain intensity, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], anxiety and depression, 05 social sciences, Chronic pain, General Medicine, Spinal pain, 3. Good health, Medicine, PSPS, composite score, chronic pain, medicine.medical_specialty, Composite score, media_common.quotation_subject, pain surface, Machine learning, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, general_medical_research, Perception, 0502 economics and business, medicine, failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), In patient, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, business.industry, medicine.disease, Spinal surgery, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Multi dimensional, Physical therapy, 050211 marketing, Observational study, Pairwise comparison, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Artificial intelligence, failed back surgery syndrome, business, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The multidimensionality of chronic pain forces us to look beyond isolated assessment such as pain intensity, which does not consider multiple key parameters, particularly in post-operative Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome (PSPS-T2) patients. Our ambition was to produce a novel Multi-dimensional Clinical Response Index (MCRI), including not only pain intensity but also functional capacity, anxiety-depression, quality of life and quantitative pain mapping, the objective being to achieve instantaneous assessment using machine learning techniques. Two hundred PSPS-T2 patients were enrolled in the real-life observational prospective PREDIBACK study with 12-month follow-up and received various treatments. From a multitude of questionnaires/scores, specific items were combined, as exploratory factor analyses helped to create a single composite MCRI, using pairwise correlations between measurements, it appeared to more accurately represent all pain dimensions than any previous classical score. It represented the best compromise among all existing indexes, showing the highest sensitivity/specificity related to Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Novel composite indexes could help to refine pain assessment by informing the physician’s perception of patient condition on the basis of objective and holistic metrics, and also by providing new insights regarding therapy efficacy/patient outcome assessments, before ultimately being adapted to other pathologies.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Finite Mixture Models Based on Pain Intensity, Functional Disability and Psychological Distress Composite Assessment Allow Identification of Two Distinct Classes of Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome after Surgery Patients Related to Their Quality of Life

Author

Chantal Wood, Maxime Billot, Yousri Slaoui, Philippe Rigoard, Denis Frasca, Romain David, Brigitte Roy-Moreau, Delphine Rannou, Géraldine Brumauld de Montgazon, Elodie Charrier, Manuel Roulaud, Nicolas Naiditch, Mathilde Many, Raphael Rigoard, Pierre-Yves Louis, Kevin Nivole, Maarten Moens, Amine Ounajim, Bertille Lorgeoux, Laure Poupin, Nihel Adjali, Lisa Goudman, Sandrine Baron, Bénédicte Bouche, Philippe Page, Supporting clinical sciences, Neurosurgery, Pain in Motion, Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation, Radiology, prismatics (PRISMATICS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA-Poitiers), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] (IMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France, INSERM UMR-1246, Universities of Nantes and Tours, 37044 Tours, France, Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium, STUMULUS Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium, Dynamiques européennes (DynamE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Spine Surgery & Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France, Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France, Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, La Rochelle Hospital, 17000 La Rochelle, France, Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, Nord Deux-Sèvres Hospital, 79000 Niort, France, Service des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (STIC), CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Poitiers University Hospital, University of Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France, Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MedtronicERP NM-3351+ Poitiers University Hospital, France, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Finite mixture, Health-related quality of life, Neuroscience(all), person-alized pain management, [SDV.MHEP.CHI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, Article, chronic pain after spinal surgery, surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], mixture models analysis, medicine, FBSS, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, personalized pain management, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], business.industry, Chronic pain, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Spinal pain, Intensity (physics), Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Functional disability, Physical therapy, Medicine, PSPS, Observational study, business, chronic pain, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome Type 2 (PSPS-T2), (Failed Back Surgery Syndrome), dramatically impacts on patient quality of life, as evidenced by Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) assessment tools. However, the importance of functioning, pain perception and psychological status in HRQoL can substantially vary between subjects. Our goal was to extract patient profiles based on HRQoL dimensions in a sample of PSPS-T2 patients and to identify factors associated with these profiles. Two classes were clearly identified using a mixture of mixed effect models from a clinical data set of 200 patients enrolled in “PREDIBACK”, a multicenter observational prospective study including PSPS-T2 patients with one-year follow-up. We observed that HRQoL was more impacted by functional disability for first class patients (n = 136), and by pain perception for second class patients (n = 62). Males that perceive their work as physical were more impacted by disability than pain intensity. Lower education level, lack of adaptive coping strategies and higher pain intensity were significantly associated with HRQoL being more impacted by pain perception. The identification of such classes allows for a better understanding of HRQoL dimensions and opens the gate towards optimized health-related quality of life evaluation and personalized pain management.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Machine Learning Algorithms Provide Greater Prediction of Response to SCS Than Lead Screening Trial: A Predictive AI-Based Multicenter Study

Author

Philippe Page, Nicolas Naiditch, Nihel Adjali, Chantal Wood, Maarten Moens, Kevin Nivole, Amine Ounajim, Bénédicte Bouche, Romain David, Raphael Rigoard, Maxime Billot, Philippe Rigoard, Sandrine Baron, Manuel Roulaud, Bertille Lorgeoux, Yousri Slaoui, Pierre-Yves Louis, Lisa Goudman, prismatics (PRISMATICS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA-Poitiers), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium, STUMULUS Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium, Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] (IMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Department of Spine Surgery & Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France, Dynamiques européennes (DynamE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (STIC), CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Poitiers University Hospital, University of Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France, Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Supporting clinical sciences, Neurosurgery, Pain in Motion, Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation, Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Computer science, spinal cord stimulation, Neuroscience(all), Logistic regression, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, supervised learning, Article, Predictive medicine, surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, Naive Bayes classifier, 0302 clinical medicine, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], 030202 anesthesiology, Pain assessment, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Medicine, Interpretability, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Artificial neural network, business.industry, Supervised learning, screening trial, General Medicine, infection, anesthesiology, 3. Good health, Random forest, lead trial, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, machine learning, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Artificial intelligence, business, Algorithm, computer, predictive modeling, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, patient outcome
Abstract

International audience; Persistent Pain after Spinal Surgery can be successfully addressed by Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS). International guidelines strongly recommend that a lead trial be performed before any permanent implantation. Recent clinical data highlight some major limitations of this approach. First, it appears that patient outcomes, WITH OR WITHOUT lead trial, are similar. In contrast, during trialing, infection rate drops drastically within time and can compromise the therapy. Using composite pain assessment experience and previous research, we hypothesized that ma-chine learning models could be robust screening tools and reliable predictors of long-term SCS efficacy. We developed several algorithms including logistic regression, Regularized Logistic Regression (RLR), naive Bayes classifier, artificial neural networks, random forest and gradient boosted trees to test this hypothesis and to perform internal and external validations, the objec-tive being to confront model predictions with lead trial results using a 1-year composite out-come from 103 patients. While almost all models have demonstrated superiority on lead trial-ing, the RLR model appears to represent the best compromise between complexity and inter-pretability in prediction of SCS efficacy. These results underscore the need to use AI based-predictive medicine, as a synergistic mathematical approach, aimed at helping implanters to optimize their clinical choices on daily practice.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Lactate transporters in the rat barrel cortex sustain whisker-dependent BOLD fMRI signal and behavioral performance

Author

Eduardo R. Zimmer, Imad Benkhaled, Philippe Massot, Charlotte Jollé, Hélène Roumes, Véronique Bouchaud, Nicole Déglon, Luc Pellerin, Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore, Jordy Blanc, Marc Biran, Gérard Raffard, Carolina Piletti Chatain, Catherine Pythoud, Centre de résonance magnétique des systèmes biologiques (CRMSB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Laboratoire commun Imagerie Métabolique Multi-Noyaux Multi-Organes (I3M), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Siemens Healthineers, Digital Services, Digital Technology and Innovation, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Ischémie Reperfusion en Transplantation d’Organes Mécanismes et Innovations Thérapeutiques ( IRTOMIT), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Siemens Healthineers, Digital Services, Digital Technology and Innovation, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Lausanne University Hospital, N.D. has received support from the BIOS and Panacée Foundations. I.B. is supported by the LabCom I3M, Common Laboratory CNRS-Siemens, University of Poitiers and Poitiers University Hospital and by Region Nouvelle Aquitaine. E.R.Z. is supported by Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (CNPq) 435642/2018-9 and 312410/2018-2, Instituto Serrapilheira Serra-1912-31365, Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology in Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection 465671/2014-4, Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) / MS/CNPq/Secretaria da Saùde do Rio Grande do Sul–Programa Pesquisa para a Sus 30786.434.24734.23112017, ARD/FAPERGS 54392.632.30451.05032021, and Alzheimer’s Association AARGD-21-850670., ANR-15-CE37-0012,INNES,Exploration in vivo du couplage métabolique entre neurones et astrocytes lors de l'activation cérébrale: étude par spectroscopie de RMN(2015), ANR-10-IDEX-0003,IDEX BORDEAUX,Initiative d'excellence de l'Université de Bordeaux(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0057,TRAIL,Translational Research and Advanced Imaging Laboratory(2010), Bouzier-Sore, Anne-Karine, Exploration in vivo du couplage métabolique entre neurones et astrocytes lors de l'activation cérébrale: étude par spectroscopie de RMN - - INNES2015 - ANR-15-CE37-0012 - AAPG2015 - VALID, Initiative d'excellence de l'Université de Bordeaux - - IDEX BORDEAUX2010 - ANR-10-IDEX-0003 - IDEX - VALID, and Translational Research and Advanced Imaging Laboratory - - TRAIL2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0057 - LABX - VALID

Subjects
Male, Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters, MRS, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, genetic structures, Hemodynamics, Muscle Proteins, Stimulation, Brain metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Memory, Animals, Learning, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Lactic Acid, Rats, Wistar, Multidisciplinary, brain metabolism, fMRI, learning and memory, monocarboxylate transporter, 030304 developmental biology, Monocarboxylate transporter, Neurons, 0303 health sciences, Sensory stimulation therapy, brain metabolis, biology, Chemistry, Transporter, Barrel cortex, Biological Sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Peripheral, Rats, mmonocarboxylate transporter, Oxygen Saturation, Astrocytes, Vibrissae, biology.protein, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Energy source, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Lactate is an efficient neuronal energy source, even in presence of glucose. However, the importance of lactate shuttling between astrocytes and neurons for brain activation and function remains to be established. For this purpose, metabolic and hemodynamic responses to sensory stimulation have been measured by functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI after down-regulation of either neuronal MCT2 or astroglial MCT4 in the rat barrel cortex. Results show that the lactate rise in the barrel cortex upon whisker stimulation is abolished when either transporter is down-regulated. Under the same paradigm, the BOLD response is prevented in all MCT2 down-regulated rats, while about half of the MCT4 down-regulated rats exhibited a loss of the BOLD response. Interestingly, MCT4 down-regulated animals showing no BOLD response were rescued by peripheral lactate infusion, while this treatment had no effect on MCT2 down-regulated rats. When animals were tested in a novel object recognition task, MCT2 down-regulated animals were impaired in the textured but not in the visual version of the task. For MCT4 down-regulated animals, while all animal succeeded in the visual task, half of them exhibited a deficit in the textured task, a similar segregation into two groups as observed for BOLD experiments. Our data demonstrate that lactate shuttling between astrocytes and neurons is essential to give rise to both neurometabolic and neurovascular couplings, which form the basis for the detection of brain activation by functional brain imaging techniques. Moreover, our results establish that this metabolic cooperation is required to sustain behavioral performance based on cortical activation.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Preservation and distribution of detrital clay coats in a modern estuarine heterolithic point bar in the Gironde estuary (Bordeaux, France)

Author

Benjamin Brigaud, Eric Portier, Maxime Virolle, Hugues Féniès, Patricia Patrier, Raphaël Bourillot, Daniel Beaufort, Hervé Derriennic, Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoressources et environnement, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Collaborative project No P04980 CLAYCOAT ‘‘CLAY COATing in shallow marine clastic deposits to improve reservoir quality prediction’’ between Paris–Saclay University, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Montaigne University, University of Poitiers, and Neptune Energy.

Subjects
020209 energy, Geochemistry, Sediment, Geology, Point bar, 02 engineering and technology, Authigenic, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary depositional environment, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Illite, Facies, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, engineering, Sedimentary rock, Chlorite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Estuaries provide an excellent depositional environment to study the interaction between minerals (clays, quartz sands…) and biofilms. The estuary bottom is largely covered by biofilms that impact sediment stability, the mud and clay-coat content in sands, and sedimentary-structure stability, thus influencing sandstone properties during burial. Although numerous oil, gas, and geothermal reservoirs are exploited in estuarine heterolithic point bars, many questions remain about the origin of reservoir properties and heterogeneities in these sedimentary bodies. In order to better understand the sedimentary and microbiologic processes in estuarine systems and to better predict the reservoir quality of estuarine sandstones, this study characterizes a modern heterolithic point bar located in the Garonne estuarine channel at various scales, ranging from the microscopic (thin section) to the macroscopic (core) scale. Three piston cores 4.5 to 6.8 m long were drilled in the Bordeaux North Point Bar. Three main facies were identified in these cores: 1) sandy gravel, 2) heterolithic, medium-grained sand dunes, and 3) thin heterolithic, fine-grained sand beds with mud drapes. The sands are classified as lithic arkoses to feldspathic litharenites. Detrital clay grain coats, which at deep burial depths are transformed to permeability preserving authigenic chlorite coatings, are observed from the base to the top of the point bar. These detrital clay grain coats are mainly composed of smectite, illite, kaolinite, and chlorite, intermixed with other components, such as diatoms or pyrite. Biofilms of exopolymeric substances (EPSs), mostly produced by diatoms, are believed to control the adhesion of the clay coats to the surface of sand grains. Quantification by thin section shows that on average about 30% of the sands are coated in the point bar. The proportion of clay-coated grains appears to be independent of facies. Radiocarbon age dating measured on organic matter points to significant vertical mixing, highlighting the significance of erosion and redeposition. The activities of 137Cs and 210Pb indicate a vertical sedimentation rate of ca. 0.02 m.yr–1 in the muddy chute channel. These ages, coupled to historical maps, suggest that the present-day point bar has developed over the last 300 years with a vertical sedimentation rate ranging from 0.015 to 0.036 m.y–1 and a lateral migration rate of about 1 m.y–1. The combination of sedimentary geology, thin-section petrography, and mineralogy at high spatial and temporal resolutions highlights the potential of this study area as a modern analogue for ancient tidally influenced point-bar deposits associated with clay coatings.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Mechanisms and kinetics of (de-)protection of soil organic carbon in earthworm casts in a tropical environment

Author

Puche, N., Rumpel, C., Le Mer, G., Jouquet, P., Mazurier, A., Caner, L., Garnier, P., Tran, T.M., Bottinelli, N., Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI), Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS), This project was financially supported by CNRS/INSU (VINAWORM) research program under the framework of the EC2CO program. The results contribute to the ANR project U2 worm (ANR-20-CE01-0015-01). NP received funding from the department EcoBio of IRD and the U2 worm project. We also thank IRD, SFRI and M-tropics observatory for access to the experimental site and the PLATeforme INstrumentale d'Analyze (PLATINA) of the IC2MP (University of Poitiers) for access to the micro-CT device., and ANR-20-CE01-0015,U2WORM,Comprendre et utiliser les services écosystémiques fournis par les vers de terre(2020)

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Soil Science, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, sense organs, Macrofauna, Bioturbation, behavioral disciplines and activities, Microbiology, psychological phenomena and processes, Physical protection
Abstract

International audience; Earthworms have potential to stabilize soil organic carbon (SOC), but the biophysical controls on SOC dynamics in earthworm casts and the SOC residence time in casts is poorly known. To this end, we aimed to investigate (1) the kinetics of SOC (de-) protection in earthworm casts deposited in a tropical environment and (2) changes in the spatial relationships between fresh particulate organic matter (POM) and pore architecture within casts. Our experimental approach was to espose casts produced by the anecic earthworm Amynthas adexilis to tropical temperature and rainfall by placing them in a woodland in northern Vietnam. For 400 d, we monitored the dynamics of cast microstructures using X-ray micro-computed tomography and compared them to those of the surrounding soil aggregates (control). We also measured potential CO2 emissions of the same samples in a laboratory incubation. As expected, recently egested casts had higher SOC (1.9-fold) and POM volumes (7-fold) than aggregates, whereas their total imaged porosity was 4 times less. The SOC of casts was more labile than SOC of aggregates, as casts had 3 times more potentially mineralizable SOC. By 72 d of exposure to field conditions, the casts and aggregates had similar potential SOC mineralization, indicating that they had developed a similar level of SOC protection. Temporal changes in SOC mineralization rates were related to variations in POM volume, particularly those connected to the outside of the cast. After 400 d of exposure, casts had still greater POM volumes (2.5-fold) and higher SOC contents (1.6-fold) but similar total imaged porosity and SOC stability as aggregates. In conclusion, these results clearly indicated the direct involvement of earthworms in SOC stabilization through their impact on POM and pore spatial arrangements, which may have led to prolonged SOC sequestration for > 400 d.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Authigenic berthierine and incipient chloritization in shallowly buried sandstone reservoirs: Key role of the source-to-sink context

Author

Raphaël Bourillot, Yann Samson, Eric Portier, Patricia Patrier, Daniel Beaufort, Eid Abdelrahman, Benjamin Brigaud, Hugues Féniès, Maxime Virolle, Hadrien Thomas, Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Storengy France, Géoressources et environnement, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, This study benefitted greatly from Neptune Energy funding, ANR-11-IDEX-0003, and technical support from the European Union (ERDF) 'Region Nouvelle Aquitaine.', Project P04980 CLAYCOAT 'CLAY COATing in Shallow Marine Clastic Deposits to Improve Reservoir Quality Prediction,' a collaborative project of the University Paris-Saclay, Bordeaux INP, University of Bordeaux Montaigne, University of Poitiers, and Neptune Energy., and ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011)

Subjects
Mineral, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Context (language use), Authigenic, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cretaceous, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Kaolinite, Clay minerals, Quartz, Chlorite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Chlorite is recognized worldwide as a key mineral that inhibits the development of quartz cement in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs. Iron-rich chlorite is mainly formed by the transformation of a precursor clay mineral; however, few studies have focused on the early stages before the crystallization of chlorite. This study analyzed shallowly buried (400–1000 m) coastal sandstones from within the Wealden Group of the Paris Basin. Berthierine, a 7 Å trioctahedral clay mineral belonging to the serpentine group, approximatively with same chemistry as chlorite but a different crystal structure, has been identified in a 900-m-deep well but not in a 400–600-m-deep well. Berthierine has mainly been observed as clay coatings around detrital grains with a typical honeycomb texture. Nanopetrographic observations suggest that the honeycomb textural organization of the clay particles found in deeper buried sandstone reservoirs (>1500 m) is acquired from a berthierine precursor at shallow depths. However, small amounts of quartz overgrowths are observed on the surface of detrital grains at shallow depths and low temperature (below 40 °C), and it is believed that precursor berthierine coatings are primarily responsible for the inhibition of quartz overgrowths before Fe-rich chlorite is formed. This suggests that the key mineral primarily controlling the reservoir quality of deeply buried sandstone reservoirs is berthierine rather than iron-rich chlorite, which challenges the commonly accepted assertion that chlorite coating is the main process that inhibits quartz overgrowths. The source-to-sink context of the Paris Basin during the Early Cretaceous was decisive with respect to the supply of sands and berthierine clay precursors (in particular kaolinite and iron-rich, hydroxy-interlayered clay minerals) to the center of the basin.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Nebulized Colistin in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Tracheobronchitis: Historical Background, Pharmacokinetics and Perspectives

Author

Zhu, Yinggang, Monsel, Antoine, Roberts, Jason A, Pontikis, Konstantinos, Mimoz, Olivier, Rello, Jordi, Qu, Jieming, Rouby, Jean-Jacques, European Investigator Network for Nebulized Antibiotics in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (ENAVAP), Laterre, Pierre-François, UCL - SSS/IREC/MEDA - Pôle de médecine aiguë, UCL - (SLuc) Service de soins intensifs, Fudan University [Shanghai], Service d'Anesthésie réanimation [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Immunologie - Immunopathologie - Immunothérapie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (I3), CHU Charles Foix [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d’Investigation Clinique intégré en Biothérapies et immunologie [AP-HP pitié-salpêtrière, Paris] (CIC-BTi), Departement Hospitalo- Universitaire - Inflammation, Immunopathologie, Biothérapie [Paris] (DHU - I2B), Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], University of Queensland [Brisbane], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Català de la Salut, [Zhu Y] Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hua-Dong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. [Monsel A] Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Medicine Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France. Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 75012 Paris, France. Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75012 Paris, France. [Roberts JA] Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75012 Paris, France. University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland, 4006 Brisbane, Australia. Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, 4006 Brisbane, Australia. Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 30029 Nîmes, France. [Pontikis K] Intensive Care Unit, First Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece. [Mimoz O] Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France. [Rello J] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. Recerca Clínica/Innovació en la Pneumònia i Sèpsia (CRIPS), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Clinical Research, CHU Nîmes, Université Montpellier-Nîmes, 30029 Nîmes, France, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antibiotics, Review, Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/drug therapy [Other subheadings], Gastroenterology, 0302 clinical medicine, Tracheobronchitis, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicaments antibacterians - Ús terapèutic, Medicine, NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA, 030212 general & internal medicine, colistin, multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria, Biology (General), nebulized polymyxin, Pneumònia - Tractament, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII, Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Anti-Bacterial Agents [CHEMICALS AND DRUGS], Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/administration & dosage [Other subheadings], CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS, Malalties bacterianes gramnegatives - Tractament, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), INHALED COLISTIMETHATE SODIUM, medicine.medical_specialty, infecciones bacterianas y micosis::infección::infección hospitalaria::neumonía asociada al ventilador [ENFERMEDADES], AEROSOLIZED COLISTIN, QH301-705.5, POLYMYXIN-B HEMOPERFUSION, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/farmacoterapia [Otros calificadores], phramacokinetic, acciones y usos químicos::acciones farmacológicas::usos terapéuticos::antiinfecciosos::antibacterianos [COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS Y DROGAS], Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, ventilator-associated pneumonia, Pharmacokinetics, Virology, Internal medicine, pharmacodynamics, SYSTEMIC PHARMACOKINETICS, Bacterial Infections and Mycoses::Infection::Cross Infection::Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated [DISEASES], Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/administración & dosificación [Otros calificadores], PLUS INTRAVENOUS COLISTIN, Lung, nebulized colistimethate sodium, business.industry, Septic shock, SEPTIC SHOCK, PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA, polylyxin resistance, medicine.disease, Pneumonia, technique of nebulization, Colistin, business
Abstract

Colistin; Phramacokinetic; Technique of nebulization Colistina; Farmacocinètica; Tècnica de nebulització Colistina; Farmacocinético; Técnica de nebulización Clinical evidence suggests that nebulized colistimethate sodium (CMS) has benefits for treating lower respiratory tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Colistin is positively charged, while CMS is negatively charged, and both have a high molecular mass and are hydrophilic. These physico-chemical characteristics impair crossing of the alveolo-capillary membrane but enable the disruption of the bacterial wall of GNB and the aggregation of the circulating lipopolysaccharide. Intravenous CMS is rapidly cleared by glomerular filtration and tubular excretion, and 20–25% is spontaneously hydrolyzed to colistin. Urine colistin is substantially reabsorbed by tubular cells and eliminated by biliary excretion. Colistin is a concentration-dependent antibiotic with post-antibiotic and inoculum effects. As CMS conversion to colistin is slower than its renal clearance, intravenous administration can lead to low plasma and lung colistin concentrations that risk treatment failure. Following nebulization of high doses, colistin (200,000 international units/24h) lung tissue concentrations are > five times minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GNB in regions with multiple foci of bronchopneumonia and in the range of MIC breakpoints in regions with confluent pneumonia. Future research should include: (1) experimental studies using lung microdialysis to assess the PK/PD in the interstitial fluid of the lung following nebulization of high doses of colistin; (2) superiority multicenter randomized controlled trials comparing nebulized and intravenous CMS in patients with pandrug-resistant GNB ventilator-associated pneumonia and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis; (3) non-inferiority multicenter randomized controlled trials comparing nebulized CMS to intravenous new cephalosporines/ß-lactamase inhibitors in patients with extensive drug-resistant GNB ventilator-associated pneumonia and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis. This research received no external funding.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Comparative genomics of strictly vertically transmitted, feminizing microsporidia endosymbionts of amphipod crustaceans

Author

Rémi Wattier, Clément Gilbert, Mohamed Amine Chebbi, Maria Teresa Teixeira, Alexandre Cormier, Richard Cordaux, Thierry Rigaud, Isabelle Giraud, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Work funded by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) PEPS ExoMod Grant (MicroFem), the 2015–2020 State-Region Planning Contract and European Regional Development Fund, and intramural funds from the CNRS and the University of Poitiers., ANR-15-CE32-0006,CytoSexDet,Bases génétiques et conséquences évolutives de la détermination du sexe induite par les symbiotes(2015), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Feminization (biology), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, feminization, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, Nosema, Convergent evolution, parasitic diseases, Genetics, Animals, Amphipoda, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Comparative genomics, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Obligate, biology, fungi, strict vertical transmission, Genomics, biology.organism_classification, Microsporidia, microsporidia, Wolbachia, Female, endosymbiont, Horizontal transmission, Research Article
Abstract

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites of vertebrates and invertebrates. Microsporidia are usually pathogenic and undergo horizontal transmission or a mix of horizontal and vertical transmission. However, cases of nonpathogenic microsporidia, strictly vertically transmitted from mother to offspring, have been reported in amphipod crustaceans. Some of them further evolved the ability to feminize their nontransmitting male hosts into transmitting females. However, our understanding of the evolution of feminization in microsporidia is hindered by a lack of genomic resources. We report the sequencing and analysis of three strictly vertically transmitted microsporidia species for which feminization induction has been demonstrated (Nosema granulosis) or is strongly suspected (Dictyocoela muelleri and Dictyocoela roeselum), along with a draft genome assembly of their host Gammarus roeselii. Contrary to horizontally transmitted microsporidia that form environmental spores that can be purified, feminizing microsporidia cannot be easily isolated from their host cells. Therefore, we cosequenced symbiont and host genomic DNA and devised a computational strategy to obtain genome assemblies for the different partners. Genomic comparison with feminizing Wolbachia bacterial endosymbionts of isopod crustaceans indicated independent evolution of feminization in microsporidia and Wolbachia at the molecular genetic level. Feminization thus represents a remarkable evolutionary convergence of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms. Furthermore, a comparative genomics analysis of microsporidia allowed us to identify several candidate genes for feminization, involving functions such as DNA binding and membrane fusion. The genomic resources we generated contribute to establish Gammarus roeselii and its microsporidia symbionts as a new model to study the evolution of symbiont-mediated feminization.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Draft genome sequences of Thelohania contejeani and Cucumispora dikerogammari, pathogenic microsporidia of freshwater crustaceans

Author

Maria Teresa Teixeira, Thierry Rigaud, Isabelle Giraud, Richard Cordaux, Alexandre Cormier, Rémi Wattier, Frédéric Grandjean, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, 2015 to 2020 State-Region Planning Contract and European Regional Development Fund, and intramural funds from the CNRS andthe University of Poitiers., and ANR-15-CE32-0006,CytoSexDet,Bases génétiques et conséquences évolutives de la détermination du sexe induite par les symbiotes(2015)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, biology, Genome Sequences, fungi, Zoology, biology.organism_classification, Crayfish, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Crustacean, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous), nervous system, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Microsporidia, Genetics, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Cucumispora dikerogammari, Molecular Biology, Thelohania contejeani, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

We announce the draft genome sequences of two pathogenic microsporidia of European freshwater crustaceans, Thelohania contejeani (the causative agent of porcelain disease) and Cucumispora dikerogammari. Both species are implicated in mass mortalities in natural populations of their crayfish and amphipod hosts, respectively.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic and diabetes on mechanical reperfusion in patients with STEMI: insights from the ISACS STEMI COVID 19 Registry

Author

Gianluca Caiazzo, Giuseppe De Luca, Sébastien Levesque, Victor Becerra, Filippo Zilio, Gabriele Gabrielli, Xacobe Flores Rios, José Moreu, Tomas Kovarnik, Wojtek Wojakowski, Juan Sanchis Forés, Luca Donazzan, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Gerard Rourai Ferrer, Luigi Vignali, Alessandra Scoccia, Giuseppe Uccello, Lucia Marinucci, Marco Boccalatte, Lisette Okkels Jensen, Enrico Fabris, Michał Kidawa, Miha Cercek, Ylitalo Antti, Stephane Manzo, Lucian Calmac, Gennaro Galasso, Vincenzo Guiducci, Iñigo Lozano Martínez-Luengas, Petr Kala, Elvin Kedhi, Bruno Scheller, Monica Verdoia, Bor Wilbert, Maurizio Menichelli, Benjamin Faurie, Thomas W Johnson, Alejandro Gutierrez Barrios, José Luis Díez Gil, Giuliana Cortese, Clemens von Birgelen, Guido Parodi, Raul Moreno, Francesco Versaci, Arpad Lux, Santiago Camacho-Freiere, Xavier Carrill, Periklis Davlouros, Mika Laine, Adriaan O. Kraaijeveld, Heidi Lehtola, Jurriën M. ten Berg, Gianni Casella, Vladimir Ganyukov, Ciro De Simone, Nikola Bakraceski, Rui Campante Teles, Maurits T. Dirksen, Francisco Bosa Ojeda, Marija Vavlukis, RS: Carim - H01 Clinical atrial fibrillation, Cardiologie, [De Luca,G, Verdoia,M] Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. giuseppe.deluca@med.uniupo.it. [Cercek,M] Centre for Intensive Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Jensen,LO] Division of Cardiology, Odense Universitets Hospital, Odense, Danemark. [Vavlukis,M] University Clinic for Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Ss' Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia. [Calmac,L] Clinic Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. [Johnson,T] Division of Cardiology, Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol, NHSFT & University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. [Roura i Ferrer,G] Interventional Cardiology Unit, Heart Disease Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. [Ganyukov,V] 8Division of Cardiology, State Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia. [Wojakowski,W] Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Silezia, Katowice, Poland. [von Birgelen,C] Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Thoraxcentrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. [Versaci,F] Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, Latina, Italy. [Ten Berg,J] Division of Cardiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. [Laine,L] Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. [Dirksen,M] Division of Cardiology, Northwest Clinic, Alkmaar, The Netherlands. [Casella,G] Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy. [Kala,P] University Hospital Brno, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. [Díez Gil,JL] H. Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain. [Becerra,V] Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain. [De Simone,C] Division of Cardiology, Clinica Villa dei Fiori, Acerra, Italy. [Carrill,X] Hospital Germans Triasi Pujol, Badalona, Spain. [Scoccia,A] Division of Cardiology, Ospedale 'Sant'Anna', Ferrara, Italy. [Lux,A] Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands. [Kovarnik,T] University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. [Davlouros,P] Invasive Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece. [Gabrielli,G] Interventional Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria 'Ospedali Riuniti', Ancona, Italy. [Flores Rios,X] Complexo Hospitaliero Universitario La Coruna, La Coruna, Spain. [Bakraceski,N] Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Ohrid, North Macedonia. [Levesque,S] Center Hospitalier, Universitaire de Poitiers, University Hospital, Poitiers, France. [Guiducci,V] AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy. [Kidawa,M] Central Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland. [Marinucci,L] Division of Cardiology, AziendaOspedaliera 'Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord', Pesaro, Italy. [Zilio,F] Ospedale Santa Chiara di Trento, Trento, Italy. [Galasso,G] Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy. [Fabris,E] Azienda Ospedaliero - Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Menichelli,M] Division of Cardiology, Ospedale 'F. Spaziani, Frosinone, Italy. [Manzo,S] Division of Cardiology, CHU Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris VII University, INSERM UMRS 942, Paris, France. [Caiazzo,G] Division of Cardiology, Ospedale 'G Moscati', Aversa, Italy. [Moreu,J] Division of Cardiology, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain. [Sanchis Forés,J] Division of Cardiology, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [Donazzan,L] Division of Cardiology, Ospedale 'S. Maurizio' Bolzano Ospedale 'S. Maurizio', Bolzano, Italy. [Vignali,L] Interventional Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Sanitaria, Parma, Italy. [Teles,R] Division of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, CHLO - Carnaxide, Carnaxide, Portugal. [Bosa Ojeda,F] Division of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. [Lehtola,H] Division of Cardiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. [Camacho‑Freiere,S] Division of Cardiology, Juan Ramon Jimenez Hospital, Huelva, Spain. [Kraaijeveld,A] Division of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Antti,Y] Division of Cardiology, Heart Centre Turku, Turku, Finland. [Boccalatte,M] Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Santa Maria delle Grazie, Pozzuoli, Italy. [Lozano Martínez‑Luengas,I] Division of Cardiology, Hospital Cabueñes, Gijon, Spain. [Scheller,B] Division of Cardiology, Clinical and Experimental Interventional Cardiology, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany. [Alexopoulos,D] Division of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece. [Faurie,B] Division of Cardiology, Ospedale 'A. Manzoni' Lecco, Lecco, Italy. [Gutierrez Barrios,A] Division of Cardiology, Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste de Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Wilbert,B] Division of Cardiology, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain. [Cortese,G] Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. [Moreno,R] Division of Cardiology, Hospital la Paz, Madrid, Spain. [Parodi,G] Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sassari, Sassari, Italy. [Kedhi,E] Division of Cardiology, St-Jan Hospital, Brugge, Belgium. [Verdoia,M] Division of Cardiology, Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL Biella, Ponderano, Italy., HUS Heart and Lung Center, Kardiologian yksikkö, De Luca, G., Cercek, M., Jensen, L. O., Vavlukis, M., Calmac, L., Johnson, T., Roura i Ferrer, G., Ganyukov, V., Wojakowski, W., von Birgelen, C., Versaci, F., Ten Berg, J., Laine, M., Dirksen, M., Casella, G., Kala, P., Diez Gil, J. L., Becerra, V., De Simone, C., Carrill, X., Scoccia, A., Lux, A., Kovarnik, T., Davlouros, P., Gabrielli, G., Flores Rios, X., Bakraceski, N., Levesque, S., Guiducci, V., Kidawa, M., Marinucci, L., Zilio, F., Galasso, G., Fabris, E., Menichelli, M., Manzo, S., Caiazzo, G., Moreu, J., Sanchis Fores, J., Donazzan, L., Vignali, L., Teles, R., Bosa Ojeda, F., Lehtola, H., Camacho-Freiere, S., Kraaijeveld, A., Antti, Y., Boccalatte, M., Martinez-Luengas, I. L., Scheller, B., Alexopoulos, D., Uccello, G., Faurie, B., Gutierrez Barrios, A., Wilbert, B., Cortese, G., Moreno, R., Parodi, G., Kedhi, E., and Verdoia, M.

Subjects
Registrie, Male, lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Infarto del miocardio con elevación del ST, Time Factors, COVID-19/diagnosis, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Case-Control Studies::Retrospective Studies [Medical Subject Headings], Phenomena and Processes::Physical Phenomena::Time::Time Factors [Medical Subject Headings], Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, PRIMARY ANGIOPLASTY, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Rate ratio, Geographical Locations::Geographic Locations::Europe::Europe, Eastern [Medical Subject Headings], Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Time-to-Treatment/trends, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrospective Studie, Risk Factors, Síndrome coronario agudo, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Hospital Mortality, Registries, Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Patient Care::Time-to-Treatment [Medical Subject Headings], Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Aged [Medical Subject Headings], Original Investigation, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects, Aged, COVID-19, Diabetes Mellitus, Europe, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Middle Aged, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Retrospective Studies, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Time-to-Treatment, Treatment Outcome, Hospital Mortality/trends, Health Care::Health Services Administration::Organization and Administration::Records as Topic::Registries [Medical Subject Headings], education.field_of_study, Incidence (epidemiology), Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Surgical Procedures, Operative::Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures::Vascular Surgical Procedures::Endovascular Procedures::Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [Medical Subject Headings], Diabetes Mellitu, Intervención coronaria percutánea, 3. Good health, surgical procedures, operative, Acute coronary syndrome, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, Time Factor, Population, Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Factors::Causality::Risk Factors [Medical Subject Headings], Europe/epidemiology, Diseases::Cardiovascular Diseases::Vascular Diseases::Hypertension [Medical Subject Headings], 03 medical and health sciences, Hypertension/epidemiology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, cardiovascular diseases, education, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Prognosis::Treatment Outcome [Medical Subject Headings], Pandemia, Pandemic, Diseases::Endocrine System Diseases::Diabetes Mellitus [Medical Subject Headings], ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/mortality, business.industry, Risk Factor, MORTALITY, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle Aged [Medical Subject Headings], Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Diseases::Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Nidovirales Infections::Coronaviridae Infections::Coronavirus Infections [Medical Subject Headings], lcsh:RC666-701, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Reperfusion, Conventional PCI, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Mortality::Hospital Mortality [Medical Subject Headings], business
Abstract

Background It has been suggested the COVID pandemic may have indirectly affected the treatment and outcome of STEMI patients, by avoidance or significant delays in contacting the emergency system. No data have been reported on the impact of diabetes on treatment and outcome of STEMI patients, that was therefore the aim of the current subanalysis conducted in patients included in the International Study on Acute Coronary Syndromes–ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (ISACS-STEMI) COVID-19. Methods The ISACS-STEMI COVID-19 is a retrospective registry performed in European centers with an annual volume of > 120 primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and assessed STEMI patients, treated with primary PCI during the same periods of the years 2019 versus 2020 (March and April). Main outcomes are the incidences of primary PCI, delayed treatment, and in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent primary PCI in 77 centers, located in 18 countries. Diabetes was observed in a total of 1356 patients (20.5%), with similar proportion between 2019 and 2020. During the pandemic, there was a significant reduction in primary PCI as compared to 2019, similar in both patients with (Incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73–0.85, p p p Furthermore, the pandemic was independently associated with a significant increase in door-to-balloon and total ischemia times only among patients without diabetes, which may have contributed to the higher mortality, during the pandemic, observed in this group of patients. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the treatment of patients with STEMI, with a similar reduction in primary PCI procedures in both patients with and without diabetes. Hypertension had a significant impact on PCI reduction only among patients without diabetes. We observed a significant increase in ischemia time and door-to-balloon time mainly in absence of diabetes, that contributed to explain the increased mortality observed in this group of patients during the pandemic. Trial registration number: NCT 04412655.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. The oldest record of Ediacaran macrofossils in Gondwana (~563 Ma, Itajaí Basin, Brazil)

Author

Ana Lucia Zucatti da Rosa, Farid Chemale Junior, Tiago Jonatan Girelli, Luiz Sérgio Amarante Simões, Gabriel Ladeira Osés, Milene F. Figueiredo, Abderrazak El Albani, Gustavo M. E. M. Prado, Mírian Liza Alves Forancelli Pacheco, Paulo Sérgio Gomes Paim, Bruno Becker-Kerber, Universidade Federal de São Carlos [São Carlos] (UFSCar), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Petrobras [Rio de Janeiro], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Petrobras Research Center (CENPES), Petrobras, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), University of Poitiers, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Petrobras Research Centre – CENPES, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Palaeopascichnus, Macrofossil, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary structures, Gondwana, Paleontology, 13. Climate action, Ediacaran biota, Period (geology), 14. Life underwater, Microbial mat, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aspidella
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:40:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The Avalon biota (Ediacaran Period, 570–559 Ma) marks the first appearance of macroscopic and complex benthic communities in the fossil record. This assemblage is known from a few localities worldwide, mainly in Canada and England. Here, we report for the first time the presence of Ediacaran macrofossils in deposits of similar age from Gondwana (Itajaí Basin, southern Brazil). Our new radiometric date (~563 Ma) indicates that the Itajaí Basin can be chronocorrelated with the classic Avalonian deposits and thus represents one of the oldest records of the Ediacaran biota in Gondwana. We describe the presence of the Ediacaran genus Palaeopascichnus, as well as discs (Aspidella and Nimbia), and other problematic forms. Contrary to the deep-marine macroorganisms of the Avalon Assemblage, the Itajaí fossils are associated with abundant and exceptionally preserved three-dimensional microbial mats and microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) in relatively shallow settings (upper slope and distal delta front deposits). In this sense, the Itajaí biota could represent early adaptations of benthic macrobiota to the shallower and more photic environments that characterize the later White Sea Assemblage. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Washington Luiz, 325km Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) IC2MP 7285 University of Poitiers Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Petrobras Instituto de Geociências Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 562, Cidade Universitária Petrobras Research Centre – CENPES Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas (IGCE) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de São Carlos – campus Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos km 110 Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R 187 Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas (IGCE) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) FAPESP: 2016/01827-4 FAPESP: 2018/21886-0

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Vocal Intersemioticity in James Chapman’s How Is This Going to Continue?

Author

Marcin Stawiarski, Deckert, Mikołaj, Kocot, Monika, Majdzińska-Koczorowicz, Aleksandra, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, ERIBIA (E.A. 2610), and Marcin Stawiarski teaches at the University of Caen Normandy, in France. He completed his Ph.D. thesis, entitled 'Temporal Aspects of Music in the 20th Century Novel: Conrad Aiken, Anthony Burgess and Gabriel Josipovici', at the University of Poitiers in 2007. His research focuses on the intersections of music and literature. He also works on contemporary music and composition. He has published numerous papers on music, musicalization of fiction and has conducted research on questions of voice in literature.

Published
2020

34. A Survey of Virus Recombination Uncovers Canonical Features of Artificial Chimeras Generated During Deep Sequencing Library Preparation

Author

Isabelle Giraud, Sebastian Lequime, Louis Lambrechts, Isabelle Moltini-Conclois, Jean Peccoud, Clément Gilbert, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Interactions Virus-Insectes - Insect-Virus Interactions (IVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Évolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), This work was supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche Grant ANR-15-CE32-0011-01 TransVir (to C.G.), Agence Nationale de la Recherche Grant ANR-17-ERC2-0016-01 (to L.L.), the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID (to L.L.), the City of Paris Emergence(s) program in Biomedical Research (to L.L.), the 2015–2020 State-Region Planning Contract and European Regional Development Fund, and intramural funds from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the University of Poitiers (to J.P. and C.G.)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-15-CE32-0011,TransVir,Mécanismes et fréquence des transferts horizontaux de matériel génétique entre animaux et virus(2015), ANR-17-ERC2-0016,GxG,Base génétique de la spécificité génotype-génotype dans l'interaction naturelle entre un virus et son insecte vecteur(2017), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, IMPACT, DNA polymerase, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], OLIGONUCLEOTIDE, Genome, Aedes, Nodaviridae, Genetics (clinical), Genetics & Heredity, Recombination, Genetic, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Genetics, biology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, high-throughput sequencing, RNA RECOMBINATION, 3. Good health, INSIGHTS, PCR, NUCLEOTIDE ADDITION, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, virus, Investigations, DNA sequencing, Virus, Deep sequencing, MECHANISMS, 03 medical and health sciences, Chimera (genetics), Illumina, Animals, Nucleotide Motifs, Molecular Biology, Gene Library, Science & Technology, Base Sequence, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, Chimera, HOST RNAS, RNA, DNA-POLYMERASES, Dengue Virus, artificial chimeras, recombination, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, In vitro recombination
Abstract

Chimeric reads can be generated byrecombination during the preparation of high-throughput sequencing libraries. Our attempt to detect biological recombination between the genomes of dengue virus (DENV; +ssRNA genome) and its mosquito host using the Illumina Nextera sequencing library preparation kit revealed that most, if not all, detected host-virus chimeras were artificial. Indeed, these chimeras were not more frequent than with control RNA from another species (a pillbug), which was never in contact with DENV RNA prior to the library preparation. The proportion of chimera types merely reflected those of the three species among sequencing reads. Chimeras were frequently characterized by the presence of 1-20 bp microhomology between recombining fragments. Within-species chimeras mostly involved fragments in opposite orientations and located less than 100 bp from each other in the parental genome. We found similar features in published datasets using two other viruses: Ebola virus (EBOV; -ssRNA genome) and a herpesvirus (dsDNA genome), both produced with the Illumina Nextera protocol. These canonical features suggest that artificial chimeras are generated by intra-molecular template switching of the DNA polymerase during the PCR step of the Nextera protocol. Finally, a published Illumina dataset using the Flock House virus (FHV; +ssRNA genome) generated with a protocol preventing artificial recombination revealed the presence of 1-10 bp microhomology motifs in FHV-FHV chimeras, but very few recombining fragments were in opposite orientations. Our analysis uncovered sequence features characterizing recombination breakpoints in short-read sequencing datasets, which can be helpful to evaluate the presence and extent of artificial recombination. ispartof: G3-Genes Genomes Genetics vol:8 issue:4 pages:1129-1138 ispartof: location:England status: published

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Lichtheimia corymbifera Colonization Leading to Pulmonary Infection Can Be Prevented with Liposomal Amphotericin B in a New Murine Model

Author

Estelle Cateau, Sandrine Marchand, Kévin Brunet, Thomas Brunet, Blandine Rammaert, Grégory Jouvion, Pharmacologie des anti-infectieux (PHAR), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Poitiers - Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Poitiers), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Neuropathologie expérimentale / Experimental neuropathology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université de Paris (UP), Service de Toxicologie - Pharmacocinétique [Poitiers], Service des maladies infectieuses [Poitiers], We thank Agnès Beby-Defaux for her kind help with qPCR. We thank Jeffrey Arsham for editing the manuscript. This work has benefited from the facilities and expertise of the PREBIOS platform (University of Poitiers)., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Male, Posaconazole, Cyclophosphamide, Lichtheimia corymbifera, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antifungal drug, mucormycosis, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Amphotericin B, medicine, Animals, Experimental Therapeutics, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory Tract Infections, Pharmacology, Mice, Inbred BALB C, 0303 health sciences, Lung, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Mucormycosis, Immunosuppression, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, 3. Good health, invasive fungal disease, Disease Models, Animal, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, Mucorales, antifungal agents, prophylaxis, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; The incidence of pulmonary mucormycosis is constantly increasing, especially in hematological patients staying in high-efficiency particulate air-filtered rooms. Pulmonary inhalation of spores may occur outside the hospital, leading to invasive disease once patients received chemotherapies. We developed a new pulmonary mucormycosis mouse model mimicking the expected pathophysiology in human to study antifungal drugs. Naive mice were inoculated intratracheally with Lichtheimia corymbifera spores. After 3 days, mice received corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide and secondarily developed the disease, while only 5% of the initial inoculum was present in the lungs at day 3. Lung colonization with L. corymbifera spores in immunocompetent mice can last at least 44 days. Antifungal drug was administered the day of immunosuppression. Injection of a single 15 mg/kg of body weight dose of liposomal amphotericin B significantly improved survival and pulmonary fungal burden compared with controls, whereas 80 mg/kg oral posaconazole did not. These results show that a unique dose of liposomal amphotericin B offers a real potential decolonization treatment to prevent infection in our mouse model of L. corymbifera lung colonization followed by lung infection.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Sugars en route to the roots. Transport, metabolism and storage within plant roots and towards microorganisms of the rhizosphere

Author

Nathalie Pourtau, Laurence Maurousset, Rémi Lemoine, Cécile Vriet, Nils Hennion, Joan Doidy, Mickael Durand, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement (SEVE), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, University of Poitiers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Ministry for Research and Higher Education, and 2015-2020 State-Region Planning Contracts (CPER), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Sucrose, Physiology, Microorganism, Plant Science, Plasmodesma, Phloem, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mycorrhizae, Botany, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Symbiosis, Sugar, Plant Proteins, Abiotic component, Minerals, Rhizosphere, Chemistry, fungi, food and beverages, Biological Transport, Starch, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Carbon, 030104 developmental biology, Beneficial organism, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Sugars, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; In plants, the root is a typical sink organ that relies exclusively on the import of sugar from the aerial parts. Sucrose is delivered by the phloem to the most distant root tips and, en route to the tip, is used by the different root tissues for metabolism and storage. Besides, a certain portion of this carbon is exuded in the rhizosphere, supplied to beneficial microorganisms and diverted by parasitic microbes. The transport of sugars toward these numerous sinks either occurs symplastically through cell connections (plasmodesmata) or is apoplastically mediated through membrane transporters (MST, mononsaccharide tranporters, SUT/SUC, H+/sucrose transporters and SWEET, Sugar will eventually be exported transporters) that control monosaccharide and sucrose fluxes. Here, we review recent progresses on carbon partitioning within and outside roots, discussing membrane transporters involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic factors.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. High-Fat Diet–Induced IL-17A Exacerbates Psoriasiform Dermatitis in a Mouse Model of Steatohepatitis

Author

Mathilde Pohin, Isabelle Petit-Paris, Jean-Claude Lecron, Hans Yssel, Michel Samson, Laure Favot, Christine Silvain, Franck Morel, Adriana Delwail, Jean-François Jégou, Pierre Levillain, Philippe Vasseur, Laura Serres, Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus épithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), Université de Tours-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Pathologie, CHU de Poiters, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital de la Milétrie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), University of Poitiers, Poitiers University Hospital, Nord Deux-Sevres Hospital, Region Poitou-Charentes, Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, mice, Erythema, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Dermatitis, Acanthosis, Diet, High-Fat, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Liver disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, skin inflammation, Psoriasis, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, medicine, Animals, Psoriasiform Dermatitis, risk, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, innate lymphoid-cells, business.industry, Interleukin-17, il-22, Fatty liver, Flow Cytometry, medicine.disease, cytokines, 3. Good health, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, liver-disease, Steatohepatitis, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

International audience; Recent studies suggest that psoriasis may be more severe in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, particularly in those with the inflammatory stage of steatohepatitis [nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)]. Herein, we investigated the impact of diet-induced steatohepatitis on the severity of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. Mice fed with a high-fat diet developed steatohepatitis reminiscent of human NASH with ballooning hepatocytes and significant liver fibrosis. Mice with steatohepatitis also displayed moderate cutaneous inflammation characterized by erythema, dermalinfiltrates of CD45(+) leukocytes, and a local production of IL-17A. Moreover, steatohepatitis was associated with an epidermal activation of caspase-1 and cutaneous overexpression of IL-1 beta. Imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis was exacerbated in mice with steatohepatitis as compared to animals fed with a standard diet. Scale formation and acanthosis were aggravated, in correlation with increased IL-17A and IL-22 expression in inflamed skins. Finally, intradermal injection of IL-17A in standard diet-fed mice recapitulated the cutaneous pathology of mice with steatohepatitis. The results show that high-fat diet induced steatohepatitis aggravates the inflammation in psoriasiform dermatitis, via the cutaneous production of IL-17A. In agreement with clinical data, this description of a novel extrahepatic manifestation of NASH should sensitize dermatologists to the screening and the management of fatty liver in psoriatic patients.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems

Author

Blanc Talon, Jacques, Helbert, David, Philips, Wilfried, Popescu, Dan, Scheunders, Paul, Université de Poitiers, Synthèse et analyse d'images (XLIM-ASALI), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Poitiers, Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine, David Helbert, Jacques Blanc-Talon, Wilfried Philips, Dan Popescu, and Paul Scheunders

Subjects
biometrics, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), estimation, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, video segmentation, imaging systems, tracking, artificial intelligence, image reconstruction, neural networks, computer vision, object recognition, image processing, clustering and classification, classification, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Support Vector Machines (SVM), signal processing, image coding, image segmentation, face recognition
Abstract

International audience; This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, ACIVS 2018, held in Poitiers, France, in September 2018. The 52 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 91 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: video analysis; segmentation and classification; remote sending; biometrics; deep learning; coding and compression; and image restauration and reconstruction.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. A modified self-adjusting delay discounting procedure for the study of choice impulsivity in rats

Author

Wahab, Mejda, Panlilio, Leigh, Solinas, Marcello, Laboratoire de neurosciences expérimentales et cliniques (LNEC), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, This work was supported by the Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, the Centre National pour laRecherche Scientifique and the University of Poitiers. MW is recipient of a PhD fellowship from the French Minister of Research. LVP was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Drug Abuse., and SOLINAS, Marcello

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cognition, Dopamine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Addiction, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Intertemporal discounting, Decision-making, Psychostimulants
Abstract

International audience; RATIONALE:Delay-discounting procedures involving choice between small immediate rewards and large delayed rewards are used to study impulsivity in rodents. Improving existing procedures may provide new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying decision-making processes.OBJECTIVES:To develop a novel delay-discounting procedure that adjusts the delay value within individual sessions based on the rat's most recent choices.METHODS:Compared to previously developed procedure, we required a more consistent demonstration of preference, five consecutive choices of the large or small reward, a criterion that is more likely to reflect deliberate choice by the animal, as opposed to two consecutive choices. In addition, delays were changed in steps of 5 s (rather than 1 s), because 5-s increments should be more easily discriminated and may produce a more distinct effect on choice. We characterized the procedure behaviorally by manipulating the duration of the session and the consecutive choice criterion, and we investigated the stability of the behavior upon interruption of training. We also characterized the procedure pharmacologically by investigating the effects of dopaminergic compounds.RESULTS:Our procedures allowed obtaining two complementary measures of delay discounting: (1) the percentage of choices of the delay option and (2) the mean adjusting delay, an index of the delay that animals choose more frequently. We found that our procedure rapidly establishes a baseline of choice behavior that remains stable over time and is highly sensitive to manipulations of the dopaminergic system.CONCLUSIONS:This procedure may provide a useful tool for investigating the neurobiology of inter-temporal choice and decision-making.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. The toy library, a fun stage on a hybrid path of consumption ?

Author

Carry, Dominique, CEntre de REcherche en GEstion - EA 1722 (CEREGE), Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Poitiers (IAE Poitiers), Université de Poitiers-Université de Poitiers-Université de Poitiers-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), The Research Centre for Human and Social Sciences (MSHS), European Centre for Children’s Products (CEPE), University of Poitiers, European Project, Université de Poitiers-Université de Poitiers-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Université de Poitiers, Rouyer, Séverine, CEPER Insect - INCOMING, Université de Poitiers-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Poitiers (IAE Poitiers), and Université de Poitiers-Université de Poitiers

Subjects
sharing, JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M3 - Marketing and Advertising, moral compensation, altruism, toy library, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, economic socialisation, play, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; Within a fun cultural space we have studied the toy library’s prescriptive and educational skills relating to consumption. Parents see it as a key stage along a hybrid path of consumption between the institutional and commercial worlds. By frequenting this place and through moral compensation, they borrow toys and then go on to buy them. Children discover the features of a game through social interactions and benefit from the transmission of altruistic values. The educational potential of the toy library is discussed and accepted as being a contribution to economic socialisation.

Published
2018

41. Epigenetic metalloenzymes

Author

Christophe Blanquart, Camille Linot, Pierre-François Cartron, Daniela Tomaselli, Antonello Mai, Philippe Bertrand, Bernardo, Elizabeth, Immunogenic Cell Death and Mesothelioma Therapy (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 4), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Membre du Réseau Epigénétique du Cancéropôle Grand-Ouest, Apoptosis and Tumor Progression (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 9), Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs [Rome, Italy], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The authors thank Regions Nouvelle Aquitaine and Pays de la Loire, the Ligue Contre le Cancer: committees of Vendée and Charente-Maritime, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Poitiers, University of Nantes, COST Action CM1406 (P.B., A.M., C.B), PE-2013-02355271 (A.M.), PRIN 2016 (prot. 20152TE5PK) (A.M.), AIRC 2016 (n. 19162) (A.M.), and NIH (n. R01GM114306) (A.M.) funds., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pharmacology, Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases, Organic Chemistry, DNMT, epigenetic, HDAC, TET, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biochemistry, Histone Deacetylases, 3. Good health, Epigenesis, Genetic, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Drug Discovery, Metalloproteins, Molecular Medicine, Animals, Humans
Abstract

Epigenetics controls the expression of genes and is responsible for cellular phenotypes. The fundamental basis of these mechanisms involves in part the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of DNA and proteins, in particular, the nuclear histones. DNA can be methylated or demethylated on cytosine. Histones are marked by several modifications including acetylation and/or methylation, and of particular importance are the covalent modifications of lysine. There exists a balance between addition and removal of these PTMs, leading to three groups of enzymes involved in these processes: the writers adding marks, the erasers removing them, and the readers able to detect these marks and participating in the recruitment of transcription factors. The stimulation or the repression in the expression of genes is thus the result of a subtle equilibrium between all the possibilities coming from the combinations of these PTMs. Indeed, these mechanisms can be deregulated and then participate in the appearance, development and maintenance of various human diseases, including cancers, neurological and metabolic disorders. Some of the key players in epigenetics are metalloenzymes, belonging mostly to the group of erasers: the zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs), the iron-dependent lysine demethylases of the Jumonji family (JMJ or KDM) and for DNA the iron-dependent ten-eleven-translocation enzymes (TET) responsible for the oxidation of methylcytosine prior to the demethylation of DNA. This review presents these metalloenzymes, their importance in human disease and their inhibitors.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Ca2+ protein alpha 1D of CaV1.3 regulates intracellular calcium concentration and migration of colon cancer cells through a non-canonical activity

Author

Fourbon, Yann, Guéguinou, Maxime, Félix, Romain, Constantin, Bruno, Uguen, Arnaud, Fromont, Gaëlle, Lajoie, Laurie, Magaud, Christophe, Lecomte, Thierry, Chamorey, Emmanuel, Chatelier, Aurélien, Mignen, Olivier, Potier-Cartereau, Marie, Chantôme, Aurélie, Bois, Patrick, Vandier, Christophe, Nutrition, croissance et cancer (U 1069) (N2C), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Pathologie, CHU de Poiters, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7292, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique, immunothérapie, chimie et cancer (GICC), UMR 7292 CNRS [2012-2017] (GICC UMR 7292 CNRS), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept. of Statistics, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Antoine Lacassagne [Nice] (UNICANCER/CAL), UNICANCER-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-UNICANCER-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Lymphocyte B et Auto-immunité (LBAI), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Network 'Ion channels and Cancer-Canceropole Grand Ouest' [Nantes] (IC-CGO), Cancéropôle Grand-Ouest [Bretagne-Centre-Pays de Loire], Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), EFS-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UNICANCER-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Lymphocytes B, Autoimmunité et Immunothérapies (LBAI), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-LabEX IGO Immunothérapie Grand Ouest, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), This work was funded by the ARC fund of 'University of Tours and University of Poitiers', 'INSERM', the 'Région Centre' of France (LIPIDS project of ARD2020 Biomédicaments), the 'Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer' (committees of Charente, Indre et Loire, Mayenne and Morbihan), the Association 'CANCEN' and Tours’ Hospital oncology association ACORT.' Yann Fourbon and Maxime Guéguinou held fellowship from the 'Région Centre'. We thank the « Local tumor tissue biobank BB-0033-00037 ('CRB Santé/Tumorothèque de Brest') » and the UTTIL platform of Tours (Unité Technologique Transversale Innovante des Laboratoires)., Constantin, Bruno, Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Calcium Channels, L-Type, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Intracellular Space, lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.BC.IC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Endoplasmic Reticulum, Article, Sodium-Calcium Exchanger, Cytosol, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Cell Movement, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, lcsh:Science, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Cell Nucleus, Cell Membrane, lcsh:R, HCT116 Cells, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Colonic Neoplasms, Calcium, lcsh:Q
Abstract

International audience; It is generally accepted that voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, CaV, regulate Ca2+ homeostasis in excitable cells following plasma membrane depolarization. Here, we show that the Ca2+ protein α1D of CaV1.3 channel is overexpressed in colorectal cancer biopsies compared to normal tissues. Gene silencing experiments targeting α1D reduced the migration and the basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration of HCT116 colon cancer cell line and modified the cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations induced by the sodium/calcium exchanger NCX1/3 working in its reverse mode. Interestingly, NCX1/3 regulated membrane potential of HCT116 cells only when α1D was silenced, and blocking NCX1/3 increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and cell migration. However, membrane depolarization did not induce an increase in intracellular Ca2+. Patch-clamp experiments clearly showed that the inward Ca2+ current was absent. Finally, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence studies showed that α1D protein was localized at the plasma membrane, in cytosol and cell nuclei. Altogether, we uncover a novel signaling pathway showing that α1D is involved in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and cell migration by a mechanism independent of its plasma membrane canonical function but that involved plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Longitudinal changes in brain metabolic activity after withdrawal from escalation of cocaine self-administration: Brain metabolic activity during abstinence from cocaine

Author

Nicolas, Céline, Tauber, Clovis, Lepelletier, François-Xavier, Chalon, Sylvie, Belujon, Pauline, Galineau, Laurent, Solinas, Marcello, Laboratoire de neurosciences expérimentales et cliniques (LNEC), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Imagerie et cerveau (iBrain - Inserm U1253 - UNIV Tours ), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This study was funded by the INSERM, the University of Poitiers, the University of Tours and the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM, DPA20140629806 grant to MS). C. Nicolas was a recipient of a PhD fellowship by the Poitou-Charentes region., and SOLINAS, Marcello

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]
Abstract

International audience; The chronic and relapsing nature of addiction suggests that drugs produce persistent adaptations in the brain that make individuals with drug addiction particularly sensitive to drug-related cues and stress and incapable of controlling drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior. In animal models, several long-lasting neuroadaptations have been described. However, few studies have used brain-imaging techniques to provide a complete picture of brain functioning in the course of withdrawal from cocaine. In this study, we allowed rats to self-administer cocaine under short-access (1-h/day) or long-access (6-h/day) conditions and used 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-d-glucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography scanning to investigate the longitudinal changes in metabolic activity 1 and 4 weeks after discontinuation of cocaine self-administration. We found that compared to naive rats, both long-access and short-access rats showed significant disruptions in basal brain metabolic activity. However, compared to short-access, long-access rats showed more intense, and long-lasting neuroadaptations in a network of brain areas. In particular, abstinence from extended access to cocaine was associated with decreased metabolic activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, the insular cortex, and the dorsolateral striatum, and increased metabolic activity in the mesencephalon, amygdala, and hippocampus. This pattern is strikingly similar to that described in humans that has led to the proposal of the Impaired Response Inhibition and Salience Attribution model of addiction. These results demonstrate that extended access to cocaine leads to persistent neuroadaptations in brain regions involved in motivation, salience attribution, memory, stress, and inhibitory control that may underlie increased risks of relapse.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Istin et al 1 Behavioral flexibility predicts increased ability to resist excessive methamphetamine self-administration Running Title: Flexibility and METH addiction Corresponding Author

Author

Istin, Marine, Thiriet, Nathalie, Solinas, Marcello, Laboratoire de neurosciences expérimentales et cliniques (LNEC), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by the Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medical, le Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, University of Poitiers, and the Contrat de Projet Etat Region (CPER). MI was recipient of fellowship of the École de l'Inserm Liliane Bettencourt., and SOLINAS, Marcello

Subjects
cognition, endophenotype, attentional set-shifting, MESH: attentional set-shifting, cognition, endophenotype, addiction, psychostimulant, vulnerability, vulnerability, psychostimulant, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], addiction
Abstract

International audience; Drug addiction is often associated with cognitive deficits and behavioral inflexibility that may contribute to the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors by reducing addicts' ability to control their behavior toward the drug. In this study, we investigated the relationships between pre-drug levels of behavioral flexibility and the risk to develop uncontrolled methamphetamine (METH) self-administration. First, we measured individual performance in an inter-dimensional set-shifting procedure in which animals have to switch between an external visual rule and an internal side rule in order to obtain food pellets. Then we allowed rats to self-administer METH for twenty long 14-hour sessions, and we investigated the relationships between behavioral flexibility and measures of control over drug intake. Rats rapidly acquired to self-administer high levels of METH which resulted in moderate weight loss. After several sessions of self-administration, whereas some rats progressively increased their METH intake, other rats showed very long voluntary pauses between drug injections and showed no escalation in METH self-administration. Interestingly, we found that behavioral flexibility is correlated with METH self-administration and that more flexible rats take less METH and do not escalate drug taking. These results suggest that traits of behavioral flexibility may protect against the development of excessive and dysregulated drug taking. Conversely, the inability to adapt behavioral responses as a function of the environmental contingencies may contribute to the risks to develop addiction to METH.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Exposure to sucrose during periods of withdrawal does not reduce cocaine-seeking behavior in rats

Author

Marcello Solinas, Céline Nicolas, Claire Lafay-Chebassier, Laboratoire de neurosciences expérimentales et cliniques (LNEC), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de pharmacologie clinique et de sensibilisation [CHU Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), This work was supported by the Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, le Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, University of Poitiers, Mission Interministérielle de la Lutte contre les Drogues et la Toxicomanie (MILDT-INSERM-INCA 2007–2009) and the Contrat de Projet Etat Région (CPER) no. 5. Research. C.N. was recipient of PhD fellowship by the Poitou-Charentes region. We thank Michael Bardo and Nathalie Thiriet for comments on the manuscript., and SOLINAS, Marcello

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Sucrose, Drugs of abuse, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Drug-Seeking Behavior, [SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Self Administration, Cocaine related disorders, Drug seeking, Pharmacology, Article, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Cocaine-Related Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Saline, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, business.industry, Abstinence, Behavior, Addictive, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Self-administration, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cocaine seeking
Abstract

Concomitant access to drugs of abuse and alternative rewards such as sucrose has been shown to decrease addiction-related behaviors in animals. Here we investigated whether access to sucrose during abstinence in contexts that are temporally and physically distinct from drug-related contexts could reduce subsequent drug seeking. In addition, we investigated whether a history of cocaine self-administration would alter the rewarding effects of sucrose. Rats self-administered cocaine for ten sessions, while yoked-saline rats received only saline injections and then we subjected them to a 30-day withdrawal period during which they had access to water and sucrose continuously or intermittently according to a schedule that induces binge-drinking behavior. At the end of the withdrawal period, rats were tested for cocaine seeking behavior during a single 6 h session. We found that exposure to cocaine increased sucrose consumption only when rats had intermittent access to sucrose, but exposure to sucrose did not alter drug seeking regardless of the schedule of access. These results suggest that exposure to cocaine cross-sensitizes to the rewarding effects of sucrose, but exposure to sucrose during abstinence, temporally and physically distinct from drug-related environments, does not to reduce drug seeking.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Oncostatin M overexpression induces skin inflammation but is not required in the mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation

Author

Hristo Atanassov, Franck Morel, Jiad N. Mcheik, William Guesdon, François-Xavier Bernard, Mathilde Pohin, Adela Andrine Tagne Mekouo, Carl D. Richards, Jean-François Jégou, Jean-Claude Lecron, Isabelle Paris, Jérôme Amiaud, Frédéric Blanchard, Hanitriniaina Rabeony, Laure Favot, Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus épithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), BIOalternatives (BIOalternatives SAS), entreprise privé, McMaster Immunology Research Centre [Ontario, Canada], McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN), We thank the Vector Core of the University Hospital of Nantes (France) supported by the Association Française contre les Myopathies (AFM) for producing the Adenovirus vectors, Dr. Anne Cantereau (ImageUP platform, University of Poitiers) for technical assistance in confocal microscopy, and Dr. Hans Yssel (INSERM U1135, Paris, France) for help in providing with transgenic mice. This study was supported by grants from a clinical research program from Poitiers University Hospital, 'la Ligue contre le Cancer,' 'le Cancéropôle Grand Ouest,' 'Association Nationale de Recherche et de la Technologie,' and from 'Le conseil régional de la région Poitou-Charentes.' M.P. and H.R. are supported by 'Le conseil r´egional de la r´egion Poitou-Charentes.', maurice, sandrine, Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Keratinocytes, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Gene Expression, Filaggrin Proteins, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Intradermal injection, Skin, Mice, Knockout, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Imiquimod, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, integumentary system, Oncostatin M, Cell Differentiation, Skin inflammation, 3. Good health, Phenotype, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Aminoquinolines, medicine.symptom, Keratinocyte, Filaggrin, Immunology, Inflammation, Biology, CCL2, Proinflammatory cytokine, 03 medical and health sciences, Psoriasis, medicine, Animals, Cell Proliferation, fungi, medicine.disease, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Cancer research, biology.protein, Epidermis, Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030215 immunology
Abstract

International audience; Oncostatin M (OSM) has been reported to be overexpressed in psoriasis skin lesions and to exert proinflammatory effects in vitro on human keratinocytes. Here, we report the proinflammatory role of OSM in vivo in a mouse model of skin inflammation induced by intradermal injection of murine OSM-encoding adenovirus (AdOSM) and compare with that induced by IL-6 injection. Here, we show that OSM potently regulates the expression of genes involved in skin inflammation and epidermal differentiation in murine primary keratinocytes. In vivo, intradermal injection of AdOSM in mouse ears provoked robust skin inflammation with epidermal thickening and keratinocyte proliferation, while minimal effect was observed after AdIL-6 injection. OSM overexpression in the skin increased the expression of the S100A8/9 antimicrobial peptides, CXCL3, CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, and Th1/Th2 cytokines, in correlation with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. In contrast , OSM downregulated the expression of epidermal differentiation genes, such as cytokeratin-10 or filaggrin. Collectively, these results support the proinflammatory role of OSM when it is overexpressed in the skin. However, OSM expression was not required in the murine model of psoriasis induced by topical application of imiquimod, as demonstrated by the inflammatory phenotype of OSM-deficient mice or wild-type mice treated with anti-OSM antibodies.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Effect of particle size on the experimental dissolution and auto-aluminization processes of K-vermiculite

Author

Emmanuel Tertre, Liva Dzene, Marie-Pierre Turpault, Valentin Robin, Fabien Hubert, Eric Ferrage, Jean-Christophe Viennet, Carine Cochet, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), French national programme EC2CO-Biohefect/Impact de l'usage des terres sur la mineralogie des sols (program CLAIE - IC2MP-HydrASA, University of Poitiers, France), and French National Research Agency through the Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE [ANR-12-LABXARBRE-01]

Subjects
room-temperature, ph, clay-minerals, layer silicates, Diffusion, Inorganic chemistry, Vermiculite, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, acidic conditions, aluminum interlayers, Dissolution, biotite dissolution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemistry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, kinetics, Illite, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, soil clays, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Particle, Particle size, Clay minerals, Stoichiometry, hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite
Abstract

International audience; In acidic soils, the fixation of Al in the interlayer spaces of 2:1 clay minerals and the subsequent formation of hydroxyl interlayer minerals (HIMs) are known to reduce soil fertility. The resulting crystal structure of HIMs consist of complex mixed-layer minerals (MLMs) with contrasting relative proportions of expandable, hydroxy-interlayers (HI) and illite layers. The present study aims to experimentally assess the influence of particle size on the formation of such complex HIMs for vermiculite saturated with potassium (K). Based on chemical and structural data, this study reports the dissolution and Al-interlayer occupancy of three size fractions (0.1–0.2, 1–2 and 10–20 μm) of K-vermiculite, which were obtained at pH = 3 by using stirred flow-through reactors. The Al-interlayer occupancies were ordered 0.1–0.2 μm < 10–20 μm < 1–2 μm even though the dissolution rate (in molvermiculite g−1 s−1) increases with decreasing particle size. For fine particles (0.1–0.2 μm), a rapid but low Al-interlayer occupancy during the transitory state and a null rate in the steady-state were evidenced and interpreted as indicating (i) a rapid but limited K+ interlayer exchange during the first step of the overall reactions and (ii) a stoichiometric dissolution of the crystal (TOT layer + interlayer) in the steady-state. By contrast, although the stoichiometric dissolution of the TOT layer is reached in the steady-state for the coarsest fractions (10–20 and 1–2 μm), the Al-interlayer occupancies continue to evolve due to the exchange of interlayer K+, which continues to progress for a longer duration.The mechanism of auto-aluminization is interpreted in the present study as multiple processes that involve (i) the dissolution of the mineral under acidic conditions, (ii) the interlayer diffusion of initial interlayer cations and their exchange with those from the aqueous phase and (iii) the fixation of interlayer aluminum. Competition between the kinetics of ion-exchange reactions and that of mineral dissolution is responsible for the above Al-interlayer occupancy order among the particle sizes (i.e., 0.1–0.2 μm < 10–20 μm < 1–2 μm). Moreover, this mechanism may be the cause of complex mineralogical structures such as mixed-layer minerals, which are commonly found in the clay-size fraction of acidic soils.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. From impulses to maladaptive actions: the insula is a neurobiological gate for the development of compulsive behavior

Author

Morgane Besson, David Belin, D Howett, Jeffrey W. Dalley, Mickaël Puaud, Bianca Jupp, Trevor W. Robbins, Aude Belin-Rauscent, Stephen J. Sawiak, Daniele Caprioli, M-L Daniel, Colin McKenzie, Barry J. Everitt, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), CIC - Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Neurobiologie intégrative des Systèmes cholinergiques (NISC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), It was supported by an INSERM AVENIR grant and a FYSSEN foundation grant to DB. MLD was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) and ABR was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the INSERM. BJE was supported by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council (MRC) Grant 9536855, This research was carried out within the Department of Psychology and the Department of Pharmacology of the University of Cambridge, as well as the INSERM AVENIR team Psychobiology of Compulsive Disorders of the University of Poitiers., Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belin, D [0000-0002-7383-372X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Serial reaction time, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Neural substrate, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neuropsychological Tests, Choice Behavior, Developmental psychology, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, 5 - Choice serial reaction time task, MESH: Animals, Insular cortex, Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, Compulsivity, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, Compulsive behavior, animals, behavior, addictive, cerebral cortex, choice behavior, compulsive behavior, impulsive behavior, male, neuropsychological tests, obsessive-compulsive disorder, rats, reaction time, molecular biology, psychiatry and mental health, cellular and molecular neuroscience, Compulsive Behavior, MESH: Compulsive Behavior, MESH: Impulsive Behavior, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Impulsivity, Schedule induced polydipsia, MESH: Rats, MESH: Choice Behavior, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, MESH: Behavior, Addictive, Reaction Time, medicine, Animals, Molecular Biology, MESH: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, behavior, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, addictive, medicine.disease, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, Rats, MESH: Reaction Time, Behavior, Addictive, 030104 developmental biology, Endophenotype, Impulsive Behavior, Neuroscience, Insula, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Impulsivity is an endophenotype of vulnerability for compulsive behaviors. However, the neural mechanisms whereby impulsivity facilitates the development of compulsive disorders, such as addiction or obsessive compulsive disorder, remain unknown. We first investigated, in rats, anatomical and functional correlates of impulsivity in the anterior insular (AI) cortex by measuring both the thickness of, and cellular plasticity markers in, the AI with magnetic resonance imaging and in situ hybridization of the immediate early gene zif268, respectively. We then investigated the influence of bilateral AI cortex lesions on the high impulsivity trait, as measured in the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), and the associated propensity to develop compulsivity as measured by high drinking levels in a schedule-induced polydipsia procedure (SIP). We demonstrate that the AI cortex causally contributes to individual vulnerability to impulsive-compulsive behavior in rats. Motor impulsivity, as measured by premature responses in the 5-CSRTT, was shown to correlate with the thinness of the anterior region of the insular cortex, in which highly impulsive (HI) rats expressed lower zif268 mRNA levels. Lesions of AI reduced impulsive behavior in HI rats, which were also highly susceptible to develop compulsive behavior as measured in a SIP procedure. AI lesions also attenuated both the development and the expression of SIP. This study thus identifies the AI as a novel neural substrate of maladaptive impulse control mechanisms that may facilitate the development of compulsive disorders.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Constitutive calcium entry and cancer: updated views and insights

Author

Kenji F. Shoji, Marie Potier-Cartereau, Elsa Bayet, Romain Félix, Olivier Mignen, Paul Buscaglia, Maxime Guéguinou, Bruno Constantin, Yves Renaudineau, Marjolaine Debant, Christophe Vandier, Aubin Penna, Aurélie Chantôme, Mathieu Gautier, Nutrition, croissance et cancer (U 1069) (N2C), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), Université de Tours-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire [Amiens] (EA 4667), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Groupe innovation et ciblage cellulaire (GICC), EA 7501 [2018-...] (GICC EA 7501), Université de Tours, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), EFS-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), Immunologie et Pathologie (EA 2216), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Network 'Ion channels and Cancer-Canceropole Grand Ouest' [Nantes] (IC-CGO), Cancéropôle Grand-Ouest [Bretagne-Centre-Pays de Loire], Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire - UR UPJV 4667 (LPCM), This work was supported by la Ligue Contre le Cancer (comités des régions Bretagne, Pays de la Loire, Centre, and Poitou-Charentes), Region Centre (LIPIDS project of ARD2020-Biomédicaments), Inserm, CNRS, Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, the association 'CANCEN', Tours’ Hospital oncology association ACORT', Fondation ARC, ANR (ANR-12-JSV2-0004-001), Biosit, University of Brest, University of Rennes 1, University of Poitiers, University of Tours and Roche-SFD., Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), ANR-12-JSV2-0004,Ca-DoS,Vivre ou Mourir : Le calcium comme point de contrôle déterminant le destin d'une cellule suite à la stimulation des récepteurs de mort.(2012), Vandier, Christophe, and Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs - Vivre ou Mourir : Le calcium comme point de contrôle déterminant le destin d'une cellule suite à la stimulation des récepteurs de mort. - - Ca-DoS2012 - ANR-12-JSV2-0004 - JC - VALID

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Orai, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biophysics, Membrane biology, Stimulation, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, TRP, Receptor tyrosine kinase, 03 medical and health sciences, Transient receptor potential channel, Basal (phylogenetics), [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Neoplasms, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Calcium Signaling, Cancer, General Medicine, Constitutive/basal Ca2+ entry, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cytosol, 030104 developmental biology, Reticular connective tissue, biology.protein, STIM, Calcium, SPCA, Intracellular
Abstract

International audience; Tight control of basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is essential for cell survival and to fine-tune Ca2+-dependent cell functions. A way to control this basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is to regulate membrane Ca2+ channels including store-operated Ca2+ channels and secondary messenger-operated channels linked to G-protein-coupled or tyrosine kinase receptor activation. Orai, with or without its reticular STIM partner and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins, were considered to be the main Ca2+ channels involved. It is well accepted that, in response to cell stimulation, opening of these Ca2+ channels contributes to Ca2+ entry and the transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration involved in intracellular signaling. However, in various experimental conditions, Ca2+ entry and/or Ca2+ currents can be recorded at rest, without application of any experimental stimulation. This led to the proposition that some plasma membrane Ca2+ channels are already open/activated in basal condition, contributing therefore to constitutive Ca2+ entry. This article focuses on direct and indirect observations supporting constitutive activity of channels belonging to the Orai and TRP families and on the mechanisms underlying their basal/constitutive activities.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Distinguishing Antimicrobial Models with Different Resistance Mechanisms via Population Pharmacodynamic Modeling

Author

Matthieu Jacobs, Jürgen B. Bulitta, William Couet, Nicolas Grégoire, Pharmacologie des anti-infectieux (PHAR), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology [Gainesville, FL, États-Unis], Department of Pharmaceutics [Gainesville, FL, États-Unis], College of Pharmacy [Gainesville, FL, États-Unis], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-College of Pharmacy [Gainesville, FL, États-Unis], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), MJ is supported by a doctoral fellowship from the University of Poitiers and the 'Conseil regional de Poitou-Charentes'., and Bodescot, Myriam

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Statistical methods, Monte Carlo method, Drug resistance, Antibiotics, Statistics, Range (statistics), Medicine and Health Sciences, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Bootstrapping (statistics), education.field_of_study, Ecology, Mathematical model, Estimation theory, Antimicrobials, Mathematical Models, Simulation and Modeling, Experimental Design, Drugs, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Physical sciences, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Population model, Research Design, Modeling and Simulation, Research Article, 030106 microbiology, Population, Statistics (mathematics), Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Models, Biological, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Microbial Control, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Differential Equations, Genetics, Computer Simulation, Pharmacokinetics, education, Molecular Biology, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Pharmacology, Models, Statistical, Bacteria, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Biology and Life Sciences, lcsh:Biology (General), Antibiotic Resistance, Mathematical and statistical techniques, Antimicrobial Resistance, Mathematics
Abstract

Semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling is increasingly used for antimicrobial drug development and optimization of dosage regimens, but systematic simulation-estimation studies to distinguish between competing PD models are lacking. This study compared the ability of static and dynamic in vitro infection models to distinguish between models with different resistance mechanisms and support accurate and precise parameter estimation. Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) were performed for models with one susceptible bacterial population without (M1) or with a resting stage (M2), a one population model with adaptive resistance (M5), models with pre-existing susceptible and resistant populations without (M3) or with (M4) inter-conversion, and a model with two pre-existing populations with adaptive resistance (M6). For each model, 200 datasets of the total bacterial population were simulated over 24h using static antibiotic concentrations (256-fold concentration range) or over 48h under dynamic conditions (dosing every 12h; elimination half-life: 1h). Twelve-hundred random datasets (each containing 20 curves for static or four curves for dynamic conditions) were generated by bootstrapping. Each dataset was estimated by all six models via population PD modeling to compare bias and precision. For M1 and M3, most parameter estimates were unbiased (, Author Summary Mathematical models are increasingly used for analysis and interpretation of in vitro efficacy results of antimicrobial drugs. Various models are employed in the scientific literature and it seems that they are equally able to describe the observed data. The aim of the present study was to compare different models in various experimental designs and with different resistance mechanisms of bacteria. For that purpose we have generated experimental data through Monte-Carlo simulations and then used six different mathematical models to analyze these results. We showed that statistical comparison of models did not allow determining which was the true mechanism of resistance, i.e. the one used for the simulation step. Moreover mathematical parameters for bacterial resistance were estimated with bias and with a low precision except for the simpler cases. This suggests that the choice of the mathematical model for data analysis should be guided by experimental characterization of the bacterial mechanism of resistance.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results