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Purpose: Hypothyroidism is associated with infertility. We have reported that gestational-onset hypothyroidism impairs post-testicular sperm maturation in F1 progeny rats, whereas the underlying mechanism remains obscure. In this study, we tested the hypothesis “transient gestational-onset hypothyroidism affects post-testicular sperm maturation by inducing oxidative stress and modifying the expression of specific genes controlling epididymal function in F1 progeny rats”. Methods: Hypothyroidism was induced by providing 0.05% methimazole in drinking water to pregnant rats during specific periods of foetal differentiation of testis and epididymis. On the postnatal day 120, epididymes were dissected out and used for various analyses. Sperm parameters and activities of antioxidants and pro-oxidants were assayed using standard protocols. qRT-PCR and western blot were carried out to assess the expression of epididymal functional genes and their respective proteins. Results: Gestational-onset hypothyroidism produced decrease of sperm motility and membrane integrity, and increase of abnormal sperm morphologies. While the concentration of reduced glutathione and specific activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase decreased, levels of pro-oxidants hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation increased. Expression levels of androgen and thyroid hormone receptors ?/?, aquaporin 9, and glutathione peroxidise 5 decreased, whereas estrogen receptors ?/? increased in rats with gestational-onset hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Our results support our hypothesis and we conclude that gestationalonset hypothyroidism impairs post-testicular sperm maturation due to oxidative stress and modified expression of nuclear hormone receptors and aquaporin 9 in the epididymis of F1 progeny.

Aim of the Study: The present study aimed to determine the risk of prehypertension and hypertension and its association with certain occupational, sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants. Material and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 180 female cotton mill workers in the production sector of two cotton spinning mills in Central Travancore, Kerala. A questionnaire was framed to elicit information regarding occupational, sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. Blood pressure readings and anthropometric measurements like body height and weight were recorded. Results: The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among the workers were found to be 30% and 7.22% respectively. It was observed that age and body mass index were statistically significant with prehypertension and hypertension (p<0.05) compared to the number of years of employment in the mills, education, annual family income and physical activity which were not statistically significant. Pearson’s correlation test revealed that age and body mass index were positively correlated with mean blood pressure. Conclusion: The present study observed a higher percentage of prehypertension among the workers. This stresses on the importance of early identification and control of more modifiable risk factors in the prevention and treatment of prehypertension and hypertension.Â

It has been very clearly established that thyroid hormones have a specific influence on cardio-vascular system. Hyper- or hypothyroidism induces cardiovascular disorders, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, atherosclerotic vascular diseases, dyslipidemia and heart failure. Heart failure results from the impairment of ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. Thyroid hormones contribute to cardiovascular events by directly acting on the cardiomyocyte via genomic and nongenomic pathways. Thyroid hormones play a critical role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis. Fluctuations in thyroid hormones due to hyper- or hypothyroidism has an adverse effect on the heart. Thyroid hormones have a direct influence on myocardial contractility, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, heart mass, ejection fraction and heart output. Hyperthyroidism stimulates high cardiac output with low systemic vascular resistance and is associated with faster heart rate and increased left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and supraventricular atrial fibrillation. Hypothyroidism has an opposite effect on the heart rate and myocardial contractility. Hypothyroidism reduces cardiac repolarizing of K+ currents such as transient outward potassium current and increase in L-type calcium current. Alterations in Thyroid Stimulating Hormone level bring about cardiac electrical disturbances. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with increased heart rate, atrial arrhythmias, LV mass and impaired ventricular relaxation, and increased risk of mortality due to cardio-vascular impairment. In this overview, with the available information and publications, the physiological and patho-physiological relationships between thyroid hormones and the cardiovascular system are discussed.

Chromium (Cr), an essential trace element, turns into an endocrine disruptor and male reproductive toxicant when its concentration in drinking water exceeds the safe limit. Improper disposal of effluents from more than 50 industries that use Cr contaminate the environment, in addition to occupational exposure of the workers. Testis has come to stay as a target for the reproductive toxicity of hexavalent Cr (CrVI), whereas its impact on fetal testicular differentiation remains elusive. We tested the hypothesis “In utero exposure to CrVI may alter the level of specific proteins controlling differentiation of testicular cell types”. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to drinking water containing 50, 100 and 200 ppm potassium dichromate (CrVI) during gestational days 14 to 21, covering the period of fetal differentiation of testicular cells. Testes were collected on postnatal day 1 and subjected to light microscopic histological studies and immunohistochemical detection of cell-specific proteins. Testis of neonatal rats with gestational exposure to high doses of CrVI showed shrunken and dispersed tubules with fewer gonocytes, extensive vacuolization of seminiferous cord accompanied by damaged epithelium, and shrunken Leydig cells present in large interstitial spaces and loose compaction of cells when compared coeval control group. Immunosignals of androgen and estrogen receptor β increased, whereas those of estrogen receptor α, follicle stimulating hormone receptor, anti-Mullerian hormone, P450 aromatase, inhibin, c-fos and c-jun decreased. Immunosignals of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and CYP11A1 increased, whereas 3β - hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and CYP17A1 proteins decreased, indicating compromised steroidogenic function. Our findings support the proposed hypothesis and we conclude that gestational exposure to CrVI disrupts specific hormones and hormone receptors that control fetal differentiation of testicular cells. The detrimental effect of gest

The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of the methanol leaf extract of Aegle tamilnadensis Abdul Kader. The phytochemicals present in the methanol leaf extract of A. tamilnadensis Abdul Kader were determined qualitatively and quantitatively using standard procedures. The antioxidant activities were carried out by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, OH• radical scavenging assay, NO• radical scavenging assay, Fe3+ reducing power assay, and phosphomolybdenum reduction assay methods. The antimicrobial activity was carried out by well diffusion method. The methanol leaf extract of A. tamilnadensis Abdul Kader showed good free radical scavenging as well as reducing power activities which were found to increase with the increasing concentration of the extract. The study revealed the presence of major phytochemicals such as phenols and flavonoids at the concentration of 211.0 mg/g at 100 µg and 52.91 mg/g at 100µg/mL respectively. The present study revealed that the methanol leaf extract of A. tamilnadensis Abdul Kader possess significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Asymptomatically colonized healthcare workers are the major source of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the hospital environment and serve as links in the transmission of MRSA among patients. Honey is known for antimicrobial properties due to various factors including phytochemical components eg: methyl glyoxal (MGO). Hence, the present study was designed to compare the antimicrobial activity of Manuka honey with native honey against methicillin resistant staphylococci from asymptomatic health care workers. Nasal swabs were collected from anterior nares of 100 healthcare workers from the hospital set up and a total of 36 isolates of staphylococci (36%) were obtained. The study has shown 7% carriage rate of MRSA and 9% MRCoNS among the healthcare workers. Initial screening with agar well diffusion method with Manuka honey showed higher inhibitory activity against all the methicillin resistant staphylococcal isolates giving a zone size of ≥ 30 mm at 50%( v/v) compared to native honey which gave zone size of 12 mm for 50% (v/v). Lower MIC of methicillin resistant staphylococci was seen for Manuka honey (6.3% to 12.5%), while the MIC of the native honey was found to be 50% in our study. The present study shows higher efficacy of Manuka honey compared to native honey against both MRSA and MRCoNS. Manuka honey shows promise as an antibacterial agent for methicillin resistant staphylococcus.

Existing modes of diagnosis and therapy for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have limitations, informations on the genetics of familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), a constituent of multiple endocrine neoplasia II (MEN II) syndrome may help to understand the etiology of the disease and to design gene therapy. Association between specific mutations in ret protooncogene to specific phenotypes of MEN II subjects provide vital line of due for the diagnosis of the disease. Screening of suspected/potent carriers of ret (rearranged during transformation) mutations will help to decide about the time and course of treatment. Gene therapy for MTC appears to be imminent and this review attempts to provide a comprehensive account of informations from more than hundred research articles published in this area.

Undoped and Aluminum-doped ZnO thin films are prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at 400 °C on glass substrates were investigated. The dopant solution is taken at the atomic percentage of 1 to 5. By using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), the crystallographic properties and surface morphology of the films were characterized. The X-ray diffraction results show that the pure ZnO thin films have polycrystalline nature and possess a typical hexagonal wurtzite structure. Compared to pure ZnO thin film, the grain size in the Al-doped thin film is increased. They are well crystallized and the grain size is (e = 0.13 μm) for Al-doped ZnO and (e = 0.1 μm) for undoped ZnO. Compared to the previous reports, grain size of the ZnO thin film also increases with the increasing annealing temperature.

The phase diagrams for the four component (CCl4/Water/Triton X-100/n-alkanol) water in oil microemulsion systems are established at 25°C. It was found that the inverse micellar solution phase area extends upto 35-45 wt% when the cosurfactants are varied homologously from methanol to n-octanol in the microemulsion preparations. On the basis of the experimental results of specific conductivity, viscosity, etc., for samples containing a definite amount of TX-100 and varying relative amounts of CCl4 and water, the effect of cosurfactant carbon chain length on the formation mechanism of the inverse swollen micellar droplet structure (L2 phase) is rationalized and also verified from typical SAXS and TEM data.

This research work deals with studies on the laser surface melting (LSM) of SUS 420F plastic mould steel and EN32B plain low carbon steel by a high power diode laser (HPDL). The laser treated samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microstructure and corrosion resistance was carried out using electrochemical method. In plastic mould steel, the microstructure is columnar dendrite and fine martensite microstructures with residual austenite phases are formed. The microstructures were transformed from columnar dendrite to randomly oriented ones, as the laser power was increased from 2 to 3 kW. On the other hand, the low carbon steel laser surface melted by the HPDL has created lath martensite microstructure. The potentiodynamic electrochemical corrosion method reveals improved corrosion resistance in the laser treated layers.

It is with deep sense of sorrow I pen this obituary for Professor Ben M.J. Pereira, my bench- mate at the Department of Endocrinology, University of Madras, while doing our Ph.D. programme under the supervision of Prof. P. Govindarajulu during the period 1978-1983. Ben (that is how we call him affectionately), the youngest among the research scholars then, and loved by everyone, was always seen with a smiling face. Ben's presence made any gathering live and enjoyable, eased out tensions and strengthened bonds among the members. The famous "7'O clock idea of Ben", which used to be some of his funny solutions to tricky issues of our discussion at our evening tea club meetings, still lingers in my mind. These ideas of Ben used to bring not only laughter amidst us but also transformed tensed evenings enjoyable and made the warring members forget the differences between them.

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

1-aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid hydrochloride crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 with unit cell dimensions a = 9??36, b = 6??40, c = 7??40?? and?? = 96??0??. The structure has been solved by beta synthesis and refined three-dimensionally to an R factor of 10??9% with 817 observed reflexions. The conformation of the cyclohexane ring is a slightly distorted chair.

Crystals of 1-aminocyclooctanecarboxylic acid hydrobromide are orthorhombic, with a = 26??026, b =7??087, c = 6??149, Z = 4 and space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 .The structure was solved in projections by direct methods and later refined with three-dimensional data using a full-matrix least-squares treatment. All hydrogen atoms were located from a difference Fourier and the final R factor for the 1128 observed reflections was 8??62 %. The molecules are held together by a series of hydrogen bonds in a three-dimensional network. A detailed discussion of the intramolecular and the intermolecular features of the structure is presented. The cyclooctane ring is found to exist in the boat-chair conformation.

1-aminocyclopentane carboxylic acid monohydrate is monoclinic: space group P 2 1 / c, a = 11??24, b = 6??27, c = 11??22?? and?? = 97??6??. The crystal structure was solved by the symbolic addition method and refined to an R factor of 12??1%. The cyclopentane ring is disordered; one of the carbon atoms exists in two alternative sites, leading to two possible conformations both of which are of the envelope type.

No Abstract.

Endocrine regulation of reproduction and molting in Crustacea was first demonstrated by the experimental evidence that eyestalk removal led to accelerated ovarian maturation and the onset of precocious molting. Subsequent immunocyto chemical studies as well as HPLC separation of neuropeptides followed by suitable bioassay established the occurrence of two neuropeptides namely gonad inhibiting (GIH) and molt-inhibiting (MIH) neurohormones in the X-organ/sinus gland complex of stalk-eyed malacostracan crustaceans. While the molt promoting hormones have been decidedly shown to be the ecdysteroids, as in other arthropods, many hormonal factors of diverse chemical nature have been proposed for controlling female reproduction. Neurosecretory hormones from brain/thoracic ganglia, methyl farnesoate, a structural homologue to insect Juvenile hormone III (JH III) and a variety of steroidal hormones are the principal candidates for control of female reproduction, especially viteilogenesis. As molting continue to occur in the adult crustaceans, hormonal coordination of both molting and reproduction becomes vital to accomplish fast body growth and increased fecundity in these aquaculture-targeted arthropods. Steroidal control of such a coordination is stressed in this review.

This paper concerns itself with the study of quasi-injective modules (especially over noetherian rings) and an apparently more general class of modules which we call m-quasi-injective modules.

The Legendre polynomial Pn(x) = I/2nn dn/dxn (x2-I)n was generalized by Nicolas Cioranescu and Kesava Menon.

The intersection of two or more neat subgroups of an abelian group is not, in general, neat. For example, let G = {a} + {b}, where a is of order p3 while b is of order p.

Let f (z) be an integral function and M(r) the maximum of |f(z)| on |z|=r. The order p and type k of f (z) are defined by the relationsp=lim log logM(r)/log r; k=lim logM(r)/rp.                 (1)If p is finite, the function f (z) is said to be of minimal, normal or maximal type according as k vanishes, is a finite positive number, or is infinite. We shall define the number l by the relationl=lim logM(r)/rp,                                 (2)which might be called the lower type in contrast to k which might be termed the upper type. It is evident that l≤k.

In his memoir "The Theory of Multiplicative Arithmetic Functions", Dr. R. Vaidyanathaswamy mentions certain important types of multiplicative functions of r(> I) arguments, viz. (i) the ordinal, (2) the principal and (3) the modular functions.

The prepositional calculus is the study of the set P of all elementary (or unanalysed propositions) under the three binary operations denoted by and, or, implies and the unary operation of negation. The simplest of these are probably the operations 'and', 'or' (in symbols x, +); the other two operations depend upon each other, and different views of them can be taken.

Let M1, M2,..., Mn be a set of n integers. The residue classes with respect to any integer Mr(r=1, 2,......., n) form a ring in which the sum and the product of two residue classes m1 mod(Mr), m2 mod (Mr) are (m1+m2) mod(Mr) and m1m2 mod(Mr) respectively.

The elements of a Boolean Algebra may be interpreted either as classes or as attributes. We shall as a rule adopt the former interpretation in this paper. The operations of the Boolean Algebra are +, X, and negation. The sum A + B of two classes A, B is defined as the class of elements belonging either to A or to B.

An arithmetic function f(N) is multiplicative iff(MN)=f(M)f(N)whenever the integers M, N are relatively prime. The function F(N) defined by the equationF(N)=Σf1(δ)f2(N/δ)summed for all divisors δ of N is called the composite of the two arithmetic functions f1, f2. If f1 and f2 are multiplicative, it is easy to see that their composite F (represented by f1, f2) is also multiplicative.

In Vol. LX of the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Professor Karl Pearson gave a formula for the spurious correlation between to indices x-y , and z-y . The object of this paper is to give a general formula for the spurious correlation between two functions and to make a few deductions therefrom.

The aim of this paper is to find (cf. Theorems 4.2; 4.3) a canonical form, and a complete set of invariants, for self-adjoint transformations in a Hilbert space-up to unitary equivalence. While the basic mode of approach is essentially the same as in the excellent exposition in Halmos [1], the final result will be seen to be very much simpler. We do not have to work with the fairly involved concepts of rows, columns, etc.

R. D. Lord has generalized a classical theorem of Hardy and Little wood ([1], Theorem 156) and shown ([3], Theorem 5) that a sequence, summable by a method which is implied by Borel's, is summable also by Cesaro's method of a certain nonnegative order under an appropriate Tauberian condition.

I have explained in [3] , how a general covariant skew-symmetric or linear tensor ai1i2.....ir+1 of the (r + l)th order can be geometrically interpreted as in the projective space Pn of n dimensions.

Let T(n) be Ramanujan's function defined byΣ T(n) xn = x [(I-x) (I-x)2)...]24.It was recently proved by me thatT(kn-I) = 0 (mod k),       (I. I)where k = 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 21 and n ≥ I. The object of this paper is to find the residues of T(n) to the moduli 3, 4 and 7.

In this paper an expression for a correlated Gamma-type distribution function in two variables, with a definite value of the correlation coefficient is derived. Another correlated Gamma-type distribution function in which the regression is linear under all conditions has been given as a series bilinear in Laguerre polynomials by W. F. Kibble.

In a paper published in 1927, Landau gave a new proof of Hadamard's theorem on the factorization of an integral function of finite order. His proof arose out of the study of the problem of factorization of (s-I)ζ(s), which had been for the first time solved by Hadamard and for which Ananda Rau gave an alternative proof by the use of Gauchy's theorem of residues. The object of this paper is to combine the methods of Landau and Ananda Rau to obtain another proof of Hadamard's general theorem of factorization.

A theory of ideals for distributive lattices has been developed by Balachandran [1]. In this paper we extend some of his results to semi-lattices. In extending these results we use some theorems of Frink [3] in the theory of pseudo-complements in semi-lattices. The relevant results of Frink are summarised in Section 1.

When n is a positive integer, the differential equation admits of a polynomial solution and a non-polynomial solution, both of which have well-known properties.

In [4] we introduced the notion of linearly compactness in C-lattices and studied the general properties of such lattices. In [5] we analysed the necessary and sufficient conditions for direct product decompositions (both algebraic and topological) of C*-lattices which led to the introduction of the concept of PC*-lattices.

The first part of the paper [6] dealt with relations between structure theorems of various types for d-structures, that is commutative (additive) demi-groups with zero element with a superposed structure (order-based, topological or uniform structure usually) when the composite structure satisfies certain axioms regarding a type of mapping called d-homomorphism.

In a thesis submitted to the California University, Henry W. Stager discusses the properties of numbers which contain no factors of the form p (kp + 1), where p is a prime and ^ is a positive integer. He conjectures that the number of sucb numbers, (P's as he calls them) and the number of primes within a given limit differ asymptotically by a constant.

Analytical operations like convergence for sequences of random variables, differentiation and integration for random functions are usually denned in close analogy with ordinary sequences and functions. In the opinion of the authors, for a proper understanding of these operations from a physical point of view, it is worthwhile examining systematically the connection between the concepts of correlation and convergence. In addition, the correspondence between a discrete sequence of random variables and a random function is discussed.The paper deals with these extensions and also with the relationship between stationarity and ergodicity on the one hand and correlation on the other, using the concept of ' realisation '. The connection with previous papers of one of the authors (R) on stochastic integration is pointed out.I n effect, the paper amounts to a critical discussion and extension of the results contained in the chapter on ' Limiting stochastic operations ' in Bartlett's book.

Let S denote the class of all univalent analytic functions f defined in the unit disc and normalised by the conditions f(0) = 0,f'(0) = 1. For a fixed α, 0 < α < 1, let C(α) denote the sub-class of S, consisting of all functions f satisfying the differential inequalityRe {z f"/f'}+1>α for |z| <1.

Dr. R. Vaidyanathaswamy has proved that every quadratic multiplicative arithmetic function satisfies a certain identity.

Stone lattices have been studied by Gratzer and Schmidt [4] and by Frink [3]. In this note we extend some of the results in [3] and [4] to modular lattices.

The method of Bessel summation of series which was developed by me in a previous paper is applied here to study the summability of the product of two given series. This product, however, is not the well-known Cauchy-product; I call it the Bessel-product.

A set of elements is said to form a group under a composition rule R or simply an R-group if(i) for every two elements a and b of the set aRb is also an element of the set, i.e. the set is closed under R;(ii) R is associative, i.e. for any three elements a,b,c, of the set (aRb)Rc=aR(bRc);(iii) there exists an element e, called the identity element, such that for every element a of the set ake=eRa=a;(iv) to every element a, there exists an element x=a-1 called the inverse of a, such that aRx=e. The group is called Abelian if R is commutative.

The Second Theorem of Consistency for summable series has been proved by Hardy in the following form: If(i) the series Σcn is summable (λ, k) to the sum C,(ii) μ is a logarithmico-exponential function of λ such that μ = O(λρ),where Δ is a constant, then, the series Σcn is summable (μ, k) to the sum C.The object of this paper is to prove the corresponding theorem for absolutely summable series.

Polya has considered the conditions under which an integral function of an integral function is an integral function of finite order. He proves the following results:(1.1) the internal function is a polynomial and the external function is of finite order; or(1.2) the internal function is an integral function of finite order in which case the external function is of zero order. In this paper it is proposed to extend these results to Meromorphic Functions and to investigate the order of the composite function, given the orders of the individual function.

In the previous paper with the same title, it was shown that with the accepted meanings of 'and', 'or', the totality of propositions form a distributive lattice P, in which the 'sum' and 'product' correspond to 'and', 'or'; we specifically examined the nature of negation with respect to these operations and showed that if we took the minimal meaning of negation, then the negation of any proposition turns out to be its product-complement in P. Lastly, it was shown that this meaning of negation is conformable to its meaning in Intuitionistic Logic (as for instance that formulated by Heyting).