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A biography of Sam Joseph Ntiro, the Tanzanian artist, is presented. He was born in 1923 in Tanganyika and studied at Makerere College in Uganda. He then enrolled at the Slade School of Fine Art in London and later joined the University of London. He is married to Evangeline Sarah Nyendwoha, and they have children. His approach to dealing with modern African art, his dual roles as an artist and diplomat, and his contributions to East African cultural and political life are discussed.

Background: Orthodontic and surgical technical advances in recent years have resulted in treatment opportunities for a whole range of craniofacial skeletal disorders either in the adolescent or adult patient. In the growing child, these can include myofunctional orthodontic appliance therapy or distraction osteogenesis procedures, while in the adult, the mainstay approach revolves around orthognathic surgery. The literature agrees that for a change in craniofacial morphology to remain stable, the muscles acting upon the facial skeleton must be capable of adaptation in their structure and, therefore, their function. Failure of the muscles to adapt to the change in their length or orientation will place undesirable forces on the muscle attachments leading to potential instability of the skeleton. Adaptation can occur through various processes including those within the neuromuscular feedback mechanism, through changes within muscle structure or through altered muscle physiology, and through changes at the muscle/bone interface. It is now accepted that because there is no single method of assessing masticatory function, several measures should be taken, and whenever possible, simultaneously. Methods: This investigation was designed to apply several, newly developed and more sophisticated methods of measuring muscle structure and function to a situation where adaptation of muscle is pivotal to the success of a therapeutic approach. Patients attending the combined orthodontic/orthognathic surgery clinic at the Clitrofa – Centro Médico, Dentário e Cirúrgico, in Trofa, Portugal, were screened. Ten patients scheduled for a bimaxillary osteotomy involving a combination of maxillary Le Fort I impaction procedure coupled with a sagittal split advancement of the mandible were selected to form the study group. The patients have MRI of the masseter muscle to evaluate the masseter muscle volume and fibre orientation changes. This exam was taken before surgery (T0), 6 to 12 months after surgery (T1), and 3 years after surgery (T2), by two independent observers, according to the protocol jointly developed between the Eastman Dental Institute – University of London and the MRI Centre - Department of Radiology at John Radcliffe Hospital – University of Oxford. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) have been identified between Time 0 (pre-op) and Time 1 (6–12 months post-op) regarding the masseter area (mm2). The differences against Time 0 (pre-op) seem to disappear at Time 2 (3 years post-op). Conclusions: MRI therefore seems to be a valid tool for measuring differences in the masseter muscle area and volume associated with high-severity occlusal deformities, although showing not to be as efficient in detecting the same differences in cases of low-severity occlusal deformities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Faculty of Law at the University of Montevideo has been recognized as a teaching center of the University of London for the Commercial Law Diploma. The first generation of students has successfully passed the first subject of the diploma, and several students from the second cohort have been accepted to start their studies next year. Additionally, the experience of two students who participated in an exchange program at Delaware Law School is highlighted, where they expanded their knowledge from various perspectives. The publication of a book by Professor Santiago Pereira Campos on judicial independence worldwide is also mentioned. The Faculty of Law at the University of Montevideo organized an international colloquium on Procedural Law, Innovation, and Justice, which was attended by national experts and experts from Brazil. Conferences on the challenges of the Uruguayan criminal justice system and the third Administrative Law conference were also held. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Gut microbiota is an important factor affecting host health. With the further study of the mechanism of gut microbiota, significant progress has been made in the study of the link between gut microbiota and epigenetics. This study visualizes the body of knowledge and research priorities between the gut microbiota and epigenetics through bibliometrics. Methods: Publications related to gut microbiota and epigenetics were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Vosviewer 1.6.17 and CiteSpace 6.1.R2 were used for bibliometric analysis. Results: WoSCC includes 460 articles from 71 countries. The number of publications on gut microbiota and epigenetics has increased each year since 2011. The USA, PEOPLES R CHINA, and ITALY are at the center of this field of research. The University of California System, Harvard University, and the University of London are the main research institutions. Li, X, Yu, Q, Zhang, S X are the top authors in this research field. We found that current research hotspots and frontiers include short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) play an important role in gut microbiota and epigenetic mechanisms, gut microbiota and epigenetics play an important role in host obesity, diet, and metabolism. Gut microbiota and epigenetics are closely related to colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. At the same time, we found that gut microbiota regulates epigenetics through the gut-brain axis and has an impact on psychiatric diseases. Therefore, probiotics can regulate gut microbiota, improve lifestyle, and reduce the occurrence and development of diseases. Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive and in-depth bibliometric study of trends and developments in the field of gut microbiota and epigenetics research. This study helps to guide the direction of research scholars in their current field of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antiretroviral therapy has led to AIDS being a chronic disease. Nevertheless, the presence of constantly emerging drug resistance mutations poses a challenge to clinical treatment. A systematic analysis to summarize the advancements and uncharted territory of drug resistance mutations is urgently needed and may provide new clues for solving this problem. Methods: We gathered 3,694 publications on drug resistance mutations from the Web of Science Core Collection with CiteSpace software and performed an analysis to visualize the results and predict future new directions and emerging trends. Betweenness centrality, count, and burst value were taken as standards. Results: The number of papers on HIV medication resistance mutations during the last 10 years shows a wave-like trend. In terms of nation, organization, and author, the United States (1449), University of London (193), and Mark A. Wainberg (66) are the most significant contributors. The most frequently cited article is "Drug resistance mutations for surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug-resistance: 2009 update." Hot topics in this field include "next-generation sequencing," "tenofovir alafenamide," "children," "regimens," "accumulation," "dolutegravir," "rilpivirine," "sex," "pretreatment drug resistance," and "open label." Research on drug resistance in teenagers, novel mutation detection techniques, and drug development is ongoing, and numerous publications have indicated the presence of mutations related to current medications. Therefore, testing must be performed regularly for patients who have used medications for a long period. Additionally, by choosing medications with a longer half-life, patients can take fewer doses of their prescription, increasing patient compliance. Conclusion: This study involved a bibliometric visualization analysis of the literature on drug resistance mutations, providing insight into the field's evolution and emerging patterns and offering academics a resource to better understand HIV drug resistance mutations and contribute to the field's advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extensive research on cluster headaches (CHs) has been conducted worldwide; however, there is currently no bibliometric research on CHs. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the current research hotspots and frontiers of CHs over the past decade. Methods: Raw data on CHs was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2014 to 2023. CiteSpace V6.2 R7 (64 bit) and Microsoft Excel were used to assess the annual publication volume, authors, countries, and references. VOSviewer 1.6.19 software was used to assess the institutions, cited authors, and keywords, and co-occurrence and clustering functions were applied to draw a visual knowledge map. Results: In the past decade, the overall annual publication volume of articles related to CHs has increased year by year, showing promising development prospects. The total 1909 articles contained six types of literature, among which the proportion of original research articles was the highest (1,270 articles, 66.53%), published in 201 journals. Cephalalgia (439 articles, 23.00%) had the highest publication volume, and the Lancet was the journal with the highest impact factor (IF = 168.9). Furthermore, the United States of America was the country with the most published papers (584 articles, 30.60%), University of London was the research institution with the most published papers (142 articles, 7.44%), and Goodsby, Peter J was found to be the most prolific author (38 articles, 1.99%). Conclusion: This study may provide some direction for subsequent researcher on CHs. The hotspots and frontiers of future research on CHs are suggested as follows: in basic medicine, more attention should be paid to pathophysiology, especially on increasing research on the pathogenesis mediated by CGRP; in clinical medicine, more attention should be paid to the design of evidence-based medicine methodology, especially the strict design, including double-blind, questionnaire, and follow-up, in randomized controlled trials, using high-quality articles for meta-analyses, and recommending high-level evidence; therapeutic techniques need to be further explored, suggesting the implementation of transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cortex, and stimulation of the sphinopalatine ganglia and occipital nerve to achieve peripheral neuromodulation. Furthermore, chronic migraine and insomnia are inextricably linked to CHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a career devoted to studying aspects of the geography of France, compiling biobibliographies has provided a comfortable niche for the author in his retirement. Attention is drawn in this short article to the types of source employed, informants consulted, and the range of French and British scholars memorialized in Geographers Biobibliographical Studies and in other publications. • Place of biobibliographies in personal research career. • Use of varied sources for constructing biobibliographies. • Commitment to French geographers of the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction outlines the genesis and evolution of the two-year German Philosophy Seminar, setting the stage for the current special issue. Originating in 2019 at the University of London, the seminar initially focused on Martin Buber's philosophy, since his insights into dialogue and human relationality became once again topical and relevant in light of the recent broad and rapid changes in public and interpersonal communication. The 2020 shift to an online format due to the Covid-19 pandemic presented challenges but also facilitated global participation, fostering a virtual community. The seminar's success prompted its continuation, partnering with the Global Lehrhaus to explore contemporary themes in conjunction with Buber's philosophy. Across two academic years, sessions delved into Buber's ideas in dialogue with diverse perspectives such as Marxism, feminism, phenomenology, psychoanalysis, communication theory, and contemporary social philosophy. The resulting publication captures these discussions, emphasizing the enduring relevance of Buber's concepts in today's context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dysphagia is a common complication of stroke that can result in serious consequences. In recent years, more and more papers on post-stroke dysphagia have been published in various journals. However, there is still a lack of bibliometric analysis of post-stroke dysphagia. This study visually analyzes the global research situation of post-stroke dysphagia from 2013 to 2022, aiming to explore the current research status, frontier trends, and research hotspots in this field. Methods: Articles and reviews relevant to post-stroke dysphagia were obtained and retrieved from the Web of Science core collection database in the last 10 years (from 2013 to 2022). CiteSpace and Microsoft Excel 2019 were used for bibliographic analysis. Results: A total of 1,447 articles were included in the analysis. The number of publications showed an overall upward trend, from 72 in 2013 to 262 in 2022. The most influential authors, institutions, journals, and countries were Hamdy S, University of London, Dysphagia, and the People's Republic of China. An analysis of keywords and the literature indicated that current studies in the field of poststroke dysphagia focused on dysphagia and aspiration, dysphagia classification, dysphagia rehabilitation, and daily living. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis reveals the latest advancements and emerging trends in the field of post-stroke dysphagia, spanning the years 2013 to 2022. It highlights the paramount importance of conducting large-scale randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of dysphagia screening protocols and non-invasive intervention techniques in improving the quality of life for these patients. Such research efforts hold significant academic implications for the development of evidence-based treatment strategies in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the case of the University College at Buckingham, which operated as a market-led higher education institution without degree-awarding powers and government regulations. Established in 1976, the university offered two-year undergraduate programs that allowed students to complete their degrees earlier and enter the job market sooner. Despite awarding 'licences' instead of degrees, the university experienced significant growth in student numbers. The article explores the negotiations with the Council for National Academic Awards (CNAA) and the challenges faced due to the two-year program duration. Ultimately, the University College at Buckingham gained recognition from various end-users and was awarded a Royal Charter in 1983, solidifying its status as an independent university. While seen as a victory for independence, some argued that it compromised the university's founding principle of being free from state control. Today, Buckingham serves as an example of the regulatory challenges faced by universities and explores potential alternatives. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: This study aims to analyze and visualize the top dental papers from 2012 to 2022 using data from essential science indicators (ESIs). Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using library and retrospective bibliometric analysis methods. Additionally, a science map has been created. Web of Science was searched on January 18, 2023. The results were limited to the top papers in ESIs. The bibliometric information of the top papers was evaluated. Next, the VOSviewer was used to perform a co‐occurrence analysis and visualize data. Results: The findings showed that Mariano Belén Sanz and Maurizio S. Tonetti were the top two authors. The University of London and the University of Bern had the highest number of articles. These articles were published in 55 journals. According to the analysis of keyword co‐occurrence, the most frequently used keywords in the field of dentistry include "periodontitis," "dental implants," "periodontal disease," "mechanical properties," "peri‐implantitis," "oral health," "dental caries," "dental materials," "3D printing." Conclusion: The findings of this study enable readers to pinpoint the authors, organizations, countries, and journals that have made the biggest contributions to the list of the most often cited dentistry papers. In medicine, bibliometric citation analysis is frequently used to assist researchers in learning the fundamentals of a subject and pinpoint subtopics of broad interest for additional study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine the development of research into the relationship between business process outsourcing (BPO) and innovation, a bibliometric methodology utilizing quantitative analytical methodologies was used. With the aid of a visualization analysis of scientific publications, this study also assessed the state of BPO and innovation practices. Design/methodology/approach: Using the Web of Science database, articles on BPO and innovation that published between 1992 and 2022 were retrieved. Records that had been extracted were examined in terms of publication year, nation, journal, subject area, authors and affiliations with organizations. The research on acupuncture for pain relief was visualized using the VOSviewer application. Findings: An analysis of 219 original and review papers found that during the past 30 years, the overall number of publications has fluctuated constantly. The London University, the Copenhagen Business School and the London School of Economics were the institutions that produced the most articles in this topic. The three main categories of research that emerged from a network analysis based on the co-occurrence of keywords are innovation, outsourcing and performance. Practical implications: A BP-innovation model must be created, and BPO must go beyond operational duties to incorporate management-wide shared strategic decisions in order to ensure improved performance of the firms. BPO enables a company's management to share knowledge and expertise about the strategic difficulties of outsourcing. A variety of technological and non-technological resources must also be considered when integrating an information technology (IT) infrastructure into BPO decisions in order to achieve greater performance. Originality/value: Validity of the paper can be justified by it contribution to the existing knowledge. First, linking BPO and innovation – by integrating the arguments of various academics, the study unifies the disparate components and contentious discussions in the relationship between BPO and innovation. Second, this study highlights a research trend, significant studies, relevant terms and concepts in the real world. Third, the study provides future researchers with a tip for statistically analyzing BPO, particularly in light of innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective is to explore and overview the current research status and emerging trends.Materials and Methods: Studies on migraine-stroke association from January 2013 to May 2023 were retrieved and screened from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. Records fulfilling the selection criteria were downloaded and imported into CiteSpace for data mining and visualization.Results: A total of 862 papers on migraine-stroke association were included. Annual publications grew slowly. The United States and European countries dominated research in this area. Harvard University published the largest number of articles, while the University of London was most active with other institutions. Ayata Cenk contributed the most articles, while KURTH T and NEUROLOGY were co-cited most. Research hotspots included migraine with aura, ischemic stroke, patent foramen ovale, cortical spreading depolarization, meta-analysis, cross-sectional study, and risk factors. Pathophysiology and small vessel disease represented research frontiers and emerging trends.Conclusion: Our study scientifically outlines the migraine-stroke association over the past decade, presenting useful information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality technology in reducing pain and anxiety during outpatient hysteroscopy. Design: A prospective randomised controlled trial. Setting: A London University Teaching Hospital. Population: Women aged 18–70 years undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy procedures. Methods: An unblinded randomised controlled trial was performed between March and October 2022 comparing standard outpatient hysteroscopy care with standard care with the addition of a virtual reality headset playing a virtual reality immersive scenario as a distraction technique. Main outcome measures: Pain and anxiety numeric rating scores (NRS) from 0 to 11. Results: Eighty‐three participants were randomly allocated to the control (n = 42) and virtual reality groups (n = 41). The virtual reality group experienced significantly less anxiety during the procedure than the control group (mean NRS 3.29 versus 4.73, mean difference 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12–2.88; P = 0.03). There was no difference in reported average pain (mean NRS 3.73. versus 4.24, mean difference 0.51; 95% CI −1.76 to 0.64; p = 0.41) or maximum pain scores (mean NRS 5.32 versus 5.07, mean difference 0.25; 95% CI −1.05 to 1.55; P = 0.71). Conclusions: The use of virtual reality technology as an adjunct to standard care can reduce patient‐reported anxiety but not pain during outpatient hysteroscopy procedures. Continued improvements in the technology and the development of increasingly immersive environments may continue to increase the potential to improve the patient experience in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document contains three biographies of individuals involved in the ecumenical movement in Botswana and Malawi. The first biography is of Alan Butler, an Anglican clergyman who played a significant role in the development of the Botswana Christian Council. The second biography is of Jonathan Douglas Sangaya, a Presbyterian churchman who contributed to the evolution of missionary Christianity in Nyasaland (now Malawi). The third biography is of John Derek Jones, a pastor and literature officer who was involved in various church and community activities in Botswana. These biographies provide insights into the lives and contributions of these individuals to the religious and social landscape of their respective countries. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a Latvian pharmacy's promotion offering a discount on non-prescription medicinal products, which was found to violate EU directives on advertising such products, particularly regarding promotions and incentives. Topics include the contradiction in rulings on non-specific promotions, the interpretation of EU directives regarding advertising medicinal products, and the Court's decision on whether the Latvian restrictions on promotions were precluded by EU law.