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4. EMUs: Enhanced Monitoring Using Sensors After Surgery (EMUs)

Author

University of Birmingham, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana, Hospital San Juan de Dios Guatemala, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India, Hospital Español de Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico, University of Rwanda, University of Lagos, Nigeria, and School of health sciences, University of Abomey Calavi, Benin

Published
2024

8. Preventing Pulmonary Complications in Surgical Patients at Risk of COVID-19 (PROTECT-Surg)

Author

Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana., University of Lagos, Nigeria, Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Hospital Español Veracruz, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa, University of Edinburgh, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, and University of Cape Town

Published
2021

9. The Pan African Pulmonary Hypertension Cohort Study (PAPUCO)

Author

Doula General Hospital, Cameroon, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Mozambique, Mayo Clinic, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Eduardo Mondlane University, University of Lagos, Nigeria, Khayelitsha District hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia, Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute, UK, and Prof. Karen Sliwa, Professor

Published
2015

11. Affordable Housing For Low-Income Masses: A Case Study of A Densely Populated Area in Lagos Metropolis

Author

Ajayi, Oluranti Olupolola; University of Lagos, Faremi, Olajide Julius; University of Lagos, Roger, Simeon Dele; University of Lagos, Uwaje, Antony; University of Lagos, Ajayi, Oluranti Olupolola; University of Lagos, Faremi, Olajide Julius; University of Lagos, Roger, Simeon Dele; University of Lagos, and Uwaje, Antony; University of Lagos

Abstract

A house is an essential facility that affords an abode, provides habitation and shelter adequacies. Affordable housing presumes access to a conducive, functional, and sustainable dwelling by the majority of the people within a locality. The study investigated the factors mitigating the actualization of affordable housing for low-income masses in the selected area. Survey research was adopted for the study. The population for the study is made up of two groups comprising low-income masses and construction professionals. The study adopted a multi-sampling method. Both convenient and random sampling techniques were utilized to gather information from the respondents. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for descriptive (frequency, percent, and mean score) and appropriate inferential analysis. Results indicated factors weighing down the provision of affordable housing as well as factors precluding accessible housing for low-income masses. Also, the response from construction professionals showed the level of agreement on factors impeding the provision of affordable housing. The trail to alleviate the effect of the non-affordability of housing for low-income masses becomes perceptible and addressed.

Published
2020

12. Factors Influencing the Use of Substandard Materials in the Construction of Residential Buildings

Author

Faremi, Olajide Julius; University of Lagos, Ajayi, Oluranti Olupolola; University of Lagos, Faremi, Olamide Elizabeth; University of Lagos, Faremi, Olajide Julius; University of Lagos, Ajayi, Oluranti Olupolola; University of Lagos, and Faremi, Olamide Elizabeth; University of Lagos

Abstract

The use of substandard materials for the construction of residential buildings within Lagos metropolis is experiencing a growing concern for both the government and the residents. The construction of half-lived and substandard buildings contributes to negative consequences ranging from rapid deterioration of building elements, premature failures of key building components, and sometimes building collapse. This study attempts to investigate the factors influencing the use of substandard construction materials for the construction of residential buildings in Lagos State. This research collected primary data through a cross-sectional survey of professionals engaged in the construction of buildings and building owners within the study area. Two sets of structured questionnaires were developed and administered to each of the groups of respondents, respectively. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The results show that factors influencing the use of substandard construction materials for the construction of residential buildings include corruption, use of quacks, contractor’s greed and selfish interests, and client’s financial constraints. The results suggested no significant difference in the perception of contractors and building owners on the factors influencing the use of substandard materials for the construction of residential buildings. The study concludes that the use of substandard building materials for the construction of buildings could cause structural failure, high maintenance costs, incessant building defects, and accelerate deterioration of building elements and components. Building clients suggest to engage professionals and refrain from patronizing quacks.

Published
2020

13. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Rainfall Variability in the Derived Savannah Region of Nigeria, 1941 – 2010

Author

A. O., Akintuyi; Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Lagos, A. O., Ayeni; Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Lagos, M. J., Fasona; Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Lagos, A. S. O., Soneye; Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Lagos, A. O., Akintuyi; Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Lagos, A. O., Ayeni; Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Lagos, M. J., Fasona; Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Lagos, and A. S. O., Soneye; Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Lagos

Abstract

Studies have revealed evidence of rainfall variability and change in both trend and spatial patterns. Basic understanding of the long-term trend and spatial variation of rainfall distribution over a place for some periods of time would provide significant insight to the management and sustainable development of agriculture and other natural resources especially in a delicate environment like derived savannah. This study evaluates the spatial and temporal variability patterns of rainfall in the Derived Savannah region of Nigeria for the period between 1941 and 2010. The monthly rainfall data were acquired from the Nigerian Meteorological Services for six stations within and around the study area for the period. The data were standardized using a combination of standard deviation and mean, percentages of the coefficient of variation and temporal variability index were determined for each of the stations, which were interpolated using IDW techniques to generate surface maps so as to reveal the spatial and temporal patterns of rainfall. The study revealed that the mean annual rainfall increases at the rate of 1.20mm annually with a long term mean of 1,316mm and increasing in a north to south direction spatially. While the annual rainfall Coefficient of Variation (CV) varies between 8% and 38% and temporal variability indices range from -2.00 to 2.38 (i.e. from severely dry to extremely wet). The study shows there is a shift in Spatio-temporal distribution, pattern and trend due increased wetness and dryness in south and north respectively, there is a need for more climatic research in order to adopt appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies.

Published
2020

14. Evaluation of in vitro Cholesterol esterase inhibitory and in vivo Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Plukenetia conophora Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)

Author

Ajayi, Glory Oluremilekun; Departments of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria., Nofisat, Aleshe Modupe; Departments of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria., Jessica, Bassey Mfon; Departments of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria., Ajayi, Glory Oluremilekun; Departments of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria., Nofisat, Aleshe Modupe; Departments of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria., and Jessica, Bassey Mfon; Departments of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria.

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is a condition of abnormally high lipids levels in the blood which has been ranked as one of the greatest risk factors contributing to prevalence and severity of coronary heart disease. The available antihyperlipidemic drugs have been associated with some side effects however, herbal management of hyperlipidemia are relatively safe, cheap and readily available. P. conophora is an edible plant consumed in Nigeria as snack and speculated to have beneficial effect on blood lipid profile. The present study evaluates anti-hyperlipidemic effect of aqueous extract of cooked P. conophora nut using in vivo and in vitro experimental models.The anti-hyperlipidemic activity was evaluated using tyloxapol induced-hyperlipidemic rats by intraperitoneal injections of Tyloxapol at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight and high cholesterol-diet induced rats by oral administration of high cholesterol diet for 60 days. Cholesterol esterase enzyme inhibition was used for the in vitro evaluation.Aqueous extract of P. conophora at varying doses, reduced the elevated lipid parameters in both models; the dose of 500 mg/kg showed comparable hypolipidemic effects with standard drug (Simvastatin) at 10 mg/kg (P<0.01). The extract also inhibited cholesterol esterase enzyme with IC50 value of 129.30±0.10μg/ml while Simvastatin with IC50 value of 51.42±0.13μg/ml. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of; Flavonoids, saponin, cardiac glycoside, alkaloids, tannins, steroids and reducing sugar.P. conophora extract exhibited strong hypolipidemic activity and the dose of 500mg/kg demonstrated equipotent activity as the standard drug; Simvastatin 10mg/kg. The extract also showed inhibitory activity against pancreatic cholesterol esterase enzyme; hence can be used to limit absorption of dietary cholesterol, prevent and treat hyperlipidemia.

Published
2019

15. Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of Thermo-Magneto-Mechanical Piezoelectric Nanobeam Embedded in Multi-Layer Elastic Media based on Nonlocal Elasticity Theory

Author

University of Lagos, Nigeria, SOBAMOWO, Gbeminiyi Musibau, YINUSA, A.A., POPOOLA, O.P., WAHEED, M.A., University of Lagos, Nigeria, SOBAMOWO, Gbeminiyi Musibau, YINUSA, A.A., POPOOLA, O.P., and WAHEED, M.A.

Abstract

The present article focuses on the investigations of electromechanical thermo-magnetic coupled effects on the nonlinear vibration of single-walled carbon nanobeam embedded in Winkler, Pasternak, quadratic and cubic nonlinear elastic media for simply supported and clamped boundary conditions are investigated. From the parametric studies, it is shown that the frequency of the nanobeam increases at low temperature but decreases at the high temperatures. The nonlocal parameter decreases the frequencies of the piezoelectric nanobeam. An increase in the quadratic nonlinear elastic medium stiffness causes a decrease in the first mode of the nanobeam with clamped-clamped supports and an increase in all modes of the simply supported nanobeam at both low and high temperature. When the magnetic force, cubic nonlinear elastic medium stiffness, and amplitude increase, there is an increase in all mode frequency of the nanobeam. A decrease in Winkler and Pasternak elastic media constants and increase in the nonlinear parameters of elastic medium results in an increase in the frequency ratio. The frequency ratio increases as the values of the dimensionless nonlocal, quadratic and cubic elastic medium stiffness parameters increase. However, the frequency ratio decreases as the values of the temperature change, magnetic force, Winkler and Pasternak layer stiffness parameters increase. An increase in the temperature change at high temperature reduces the frequency ratio but at low or room temperature, increase in temperature change, increases the frequency ratio of the structure nanotube. This work will greatly benefit in the design and applications of nanobeams in thermal and magnetic environments.

Published
2021

16. Housing Affordability, Government Intervention and Housing Informality: An African Dilemma?

Author

Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos, B.Ashabi Oyalowo, T.Gbenga Nubi, T.Olaitan Lawanson, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Lagos, Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos, B.Ashabi Oyalowo, T.Gbenga Nubi, T.Olaitan Lawanson, and Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Lagos

Abstract

The imperfections associated with housing markets have often been the basis for government intervention policies. The purpose of this article is to show the need for governmental responsiveness regarding local realities in structuring policies in specific sectors of the housing market. It shows how government intervention contributes to housing supply and the consequences of this in developed and developing countries. Conversely, it also explores how government intervention in co-operative societies has been utilised in various countries to address housing supply inelasticity, the outcome of this, and lessons that can be learnt. This study takes the form of a literature review and a quantitative survey of co-operative societies in Lagos, Nigeria. Its analysis is based on multivariate techniques. The quantitative survey is utilised to show a specific case of government inactivity in the co-operative housing sector, while the literature review is utilised to showcase government intervention in co-operative housing in four countries. The study argues that while government interventions (by way of planning regulations) often leads to house-price increases and unaffordability in developed countries, it has contributed to the emergence of informal settlements in several African cities. Additionally, while co-operative societies have been historically recognised to reduce inelasticity, improve supply and affordability in developed countries, they have yet to be recognised and supported in African cities like Lagos. It is concluded that while housing affordability is a dilemma that faces both developed and African countries, informality arises as a uniquely developing country response to unaffordability. It is recommended that, learning from history, African governments should recognise and integrate co-operative societies into their housing supply system. Furthermore, governments should implement appropriate policies to guide their activities towards reducing sup

Published
2018

17. Diffusion of fair value measurement (IFRS 13): Perception of Auditors

Author

Oyewo, Babajide; UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING and Oyewo, Babajide; UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING

Abstract

This study investigates the diffusion of fair value measurement (IFRS 13), with a focus on extent of application, and valuation methods used by reporting entities in Nigeria. Data-collection was through a structured questionnaire administered on 400 auditors from diverse backgrounds in terms of audit firm size, international affiliation, and global presence. Analysis of data obtained from 277 respondents, using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA, reveals that the overall extent of application of fair value measurement is moderate. However, there is significant difference in application level among reporting entities in the valuation of financial assets, financial liabilities, investment property, and goodwill & intangibles acquired in business combination, but no significant difference in the valuation of pension liabilities, endowment funds, share-based payments, property, plants & equipment, and land & building. It appears the level of investment in an asset/liability determines the application rate of fair value measurement—while high level of investment in an asset/ liability prompts extensive application, low level of investment correspondingly results into negligible usage. Further, the overall application rate of the valuation methods is in the descending order of: market, expert estimation, cost and income approaches respectively. The market and cost approaches are applied more extensively in the valuation of tangible assets; the market approach is preferred in the valuation of financial instruments, while expert estimation is more applicable in the valuation of intangible assets and liabilities. Given that the market approach is the predominant valuation method, the study calls on relevant authorities and concerned stakeholders to emplace institutional apparatus that will facilitate the ready availability of fair value prices for accounting items.

Published
2020

18. Comparative studies on antisickling properties of brown and green leaves of Carica papaya Linn. (Caricaceae)

Author

Ajayi, Glory Oluremilekun; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria., Maria, Ogun Olupelumi; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria., Ajayi, Glory Oluremilekun; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria., and Maria, Ogun Olupelumi; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria.

Abstract

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is characterised by non-covalent polymerisation of the haemoglobin under hypoxia conditions and this promotes red blood cell sickling. Inhibition of sickle cell haemoglobin polymerization is one of the areas of focus in the management of SCD. Dried Carica papaya leaves are used in traditional herbal remedies for the management of sickle cell anaemia; without specifying if it is the dried green or brown leaf. This study was aimed at verifying the antisickling activity of the crude aqueous extract, crude methanol extract and fractions of dried brown and green leaves of Carica papaya.The method used was the sickle cell haemoglobin polymerization inhibition experiment measured with the Ultra Violet (UV) spectrophotometer. Sodium metabisulphite was used as a deoxygenating agent while isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) was used as the negative control and phenylalanine as a positive control. The results obtained showed that crude aqueous extracts of both the green and brown leaves exhibited high level of inhibition of sickled haemoglobin (HbSS) polymerization at 200 mg/ml (97.76% and 93.25% ), 100 mg/ml (95.89% and 97.93%) also, 50 mg/ml (97.89% and 95.84%) respectively which compared favourably and significantly (p<0.05) with that of phenylalanine.The summary of the antisickling activity of the crude extracts and fractions of both the green leaves and brown leaves of C. papaya is Crude aqueous>Crude aqueous methanol> Butanol>Chloroform>Ethyl acetate>Aqueous. This study showed that the extracts exhibited the potential of inhibiting polymerization of sickle cell haemoglobin thus would be beneficial in the management of sickle cell disease.

Published
2017

19. Value Creation through Public Debt and Economic Growth of Nigeria

Author

S.A., Oshadare; Dept. Of Banking and Finance, College of Management Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, S.O., Ashamu; Dept. Of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, A.N., Raheem; Dept. Of Economics, College of Management Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, D., Fapetu; Department of Banking and Finance, College of Management Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, J.A., Ajayi; Dept. Of Banking and Finance, College of Management Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, P., Ojeaga; Dept. Of Entrepreneurship Studies, College of Management Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, S.A., Oshadare; Dept. Of Banking and Finance, College of Management Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, S.O., Ashamu; Dept. Of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, A.N., Raheem; Dept. Of Economics, College of Management Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, D., Fapetu; Department of Banking and Finance, College of Management Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, J.A., Ajayi; Dept. Of Banking and Finance, College of Management Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, and P., Ojeaga; Dept. Of Entrepreneurship Studies, College of Management Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State

Abstract

The study examined the effect of value creation through public debt on economic growth in Nigeria between 1986 and 2016 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The variables used in the study are a real gross domestic product, internal debt, external debt and Total debt service of Nigeria. They were tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Philip Perron test. The result showed that the variables are stationary at first differencing. Co-integration test was also performed and the result revealed the presence of co-integration between public debt and economic growth. The co-integration results show that public debt and economic growth have long run relationship. The findings of the ARDL model via short run model result and long-run model result between public debt and economic growth in Nigeria is that in the short run external debt and internal debt are negatively related to the real gross domestic product but has effect on the economic growth, external debt is negatively related but has no effect to the economic growth. Whereas in the long run model, internal debt and debt service are also negatively related to the real gross domestic product but significant to the economic growth, external debt is positively related but has no effect to the economic growth. The study concluded that public debt and economic growth have long-run relationship, and they are positively related if the government will create the value that citizens desired by being sincere with the loan obtained and use it for the development of the economy rather than channel the funds to their personal benefit.

Published
2019

20. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Jateorhiza macrantha (Menispermaceae)

Author

Ajayi, Glory Oluremilekun; Departments of Pharmacognosy, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria, Salako, O.A.; Departments of Pharmacology, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria, Mosebolatan, M.I; Departments of Pharmacognosy, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria, Ajayi, Glory Oluremilekun; Departments of Pharmacognosy, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria, Salako, O.A.; Departments of Pharmacology, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria, and Mosebolatan, M.I; Departments of Pharmacognosy, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria

Abstract

Jateorhiza macrantha (Hook.f.) Exell and Mendonça (Menispermaceae) is a common medicinal plant found in tropical Africa. Jateorhiza macrantha is used as an anti-hemorrhagic, to combat syphilis and headache. This study was performed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of its extract.The analgesic activity of the methanolic extract of Jateorhiza macrantha was investigated using the acetic acid (chemical) and tail-clip (mechanical) models of nociception in mice and the anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01) reduced the writhing reflex in a dose dependent manner. In the application of the metal artery clip unto the tail of animals, the extract caused a significant (P < 0.05) dose dependent increase in reaction latency with peak effect (7.0%) inhibition produced at the highest dose of 400 mg/kg. In the carrageenan induced paw oedema test, the extract produced a dose dependent significant (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001) inhibition of oedema.The results obtained in this study lend credence to the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in the management of pain and inflammatory conditions.

Published
2016

21. Predicting Depth of Mineral Deposit using Gravity-Density Downward Correlation by Fourier Transform

Author

Epuh, E. E.; Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, University of Lagos, Olaleye, J. B.; Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, University of Lagos, Omogunloye, O. G.; Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, University of Lagos, Epuh, E. E.; Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, University of Lagos, Olaleye, J. B.; Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, University of Lagos, and Omogunloye, O. G.; Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, University of Lagos

Abstract

Residual gravity anomalies are the superposition of effects originating from several interfaces in the subsurface. In downward projection of the anomalies for the determination of the depth of the particular substructure which accounts for the bulk of the residual gravity anomalies on the plane can only be resolved with the aid of additional subsurface data such as density log. In this research, density log was used to determine the weighting density function, delineate the multiple layers and correlate with the gravity-density downward variation for predicting the mineral depth using the Fourier transform method.The results show that the projected residual gravity anomaly at depth between 2015 m and 2170 m depicts all the gravity features that are clearly associated with that on the original plane and also show minimal distortion of the shape of the anomalies. The anomalous mass lies between these depths. The downward continuation depths obtained from the gravity model were compared with that obtained from reflection seismic observation from the study area and the relative error percent were 1.37 % and 0.46 % respectively.

Published
2016

22. Natural Environmental Amenities and House Rentals: A Hedonic Analysis for Integrated Planning

Author

University of Lagos, F. Famuyiwa, University of Lagos, and F. Famuyiwa

Abstract

Environmental valuation techniques have been used in quantifying the influences of environmental amenities on house prices. The hedonic approach is used to evaluate contributions of environmental amenities to rents in this study. Though the theme of this study has attracted pedagogical attention, the comparison between man-made and natural environmental amenities in housing values is a nouvelle approach in identifying and explaining effective demand and value systems of urban and natural amenities through market evidence. It extends existing body of literature on hedonic studies in Nigeria by contextually assessing these two broad categories of environmental amenities on the same scale. Results reveal the variations in demand and significance of physical infrastructure and natural amenities in rents. This /study's significance lies in bringing to light, the realities of market demand for natural amenities in comparison with physical infrastructure.

Published
2018

23. Towards Improved Performance in Marketing: The Use of Property-based websites by Estate Surveyors and Valuers in Lagos, Nigeria

Author

University of Lagos, A.O. Bamidele, R.D. Adenusi, T.Oluwasola Osunsanmi, University of Johanessburg, University of Lagos, A.O. Bamidele, R.D. Adenusi, T.Oluwasola Osunsanmi, and University of Johanessburg

Abstract

The increase in globalisation has changed marketing strategies available to professionals within the built environment. This study investigated the marketing methods most used in Lagos’ metropolis. It assessed the extent to which estate surveyors and valuers in Nigeria have adopted property-based websites for the marketing of their real estate services. A random sampling method was used to obtain data from 82 estate surveyors and valuers within Lagos’ metropolis. The data were analysed with SPSS V24 (statistical software), using Friedman’s Test and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study concluded that conventional/traditional methods of marketing dominate the marketing activities of estate surveyors and valuers, weakening agency practice in Nigeria in relation to the current global context.

Published
2018

24. Kinetic inhibition of the extracellular protease of Shigella dysenteriae by the volatile oil from camellia sinensis and its effects on pathogenic bacteria in comparison with standard antibiotics

Author

None, Samuel, Folorunso Olufemi; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo Lagos State Nigeria.P.O Box 0001 LASU Post Office, Ojo Lagos State, Nigeria., A, Adeola Segun; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo Lagos State Nigeria.P.O Box 0001 LASU Post Office, Ojo Lagos State, Nigeria., Baba, Marycelin Mandu; University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria, Farrant, Jill; Research Chair in Plant Molecular Physiology Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Cape Town South Africa, None, Samuel, Folorunso Olufemi; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo Lagos State Nigeria.P.O Box 0001 LASU Post Office, Ojo Lagos State, Nigeria., A, Adeola Segun; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo Lagos State Nigeria.P.O Box 0001 LASU Post Office, Ojo Lagos State, Nigeria., Baba, Marycelin Mandu; University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria, and Farrant, Jill; Research Chair in Plant Molecular Physiology Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Cape Town South Africa

Abstract

Context: In spite of great advances observed in modern medicine, plants still make an important contribution to health care. Hence, there is need for unrelenting effort in the exploration of the health benefit of medicinal plants. Purpose: This work was designed to determine the role of the volatile oil of Camellia sinensis on the extracellular protease, which is one of the major virulent factors in the pathogenesis of Shigella dysenteriae and its antibacterial effects on eight other enteric bacterial as compared with the antibiotics Finding: The total antimicrobial effect of the volatile oil (355.0 mm) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the antibiotics tested (203.0 mm). The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of the oils revealed Escherichia coli as the most sensitive. However, relatively higher concentrations of the oils is required to achieve similar sensitivity against Salmonella and Shigella species. The activity of the partially purified extracellular protease, which is one of the virulence factors of Shigella dysenteriae was inhibited by the oil from different parts of the plant especially the leaf. The activity of this enzyme increased steadily between pH 7.0 – 8.0 and 40 – 50 oC. Summary: The volatile oils possessed antimicrobial activity and showed both competitive and noncompetitive kinetic inhibition of the extracellular protease of Shigella dysenteriae. Implication: The inhibitory action of the oil on protease from Shigella dysenteriae suggests the possible mode of action. Volatile oil from Camellia sinensis, especially the leaf, may be an important source of antibiotic against these organisms particularly Shigella dysenteriae.

Published
2013

25. Gravity Inversion of the Gongola Basin Fault Structures Using the Step Model

Author

Epuh, E. E.; University of Lagos, Nwilo, P. C.; University of Lagos, Olorode, D. O.; University of Lagos, Ezeigbo, C. U.; University of Lagos, Epuh, E. E.; University of Lagos, Nwilo, P. C.; University of Lagos, Olorode, D. O.; University of Lagos, and Ezeigbo, C. U.; University of Lagos

Abstract

Gravity anomalies with step-like appearance are often attributed to fault structures. Analysis of gravity anomalies due to such structures is then tantamount to solving the four fault parameters: depth to the surface, sediment thickness, density contrast and the fault dip. In this research, a gravity inversion using the step model was carried out to simultaneously estimate the four parameters of the faulted bed. The model assumes a configuration that the basin is filled with homogeneous sediments. Three characteristic curves were adopted for estimating the fault parameters.Analysis of the residual anomaly profiles of the fault structures showed that the fault structures were independent of the strike length. The estimated depth to the surface and the sediment thickness yielded the basement depth. The basement depth obtained from the gravity profiles showed a maximum basement depth of 1.0 km in the south-western part, and 7.0 km in the north-eastern part of the project area. The estimated basement depth yielded plausible geological model that corroborates with depth obtained using seismic and well information. The computed density contrast was used in the determination of density contrast and rock density maps of the basin. This helped in defining the basin into zones of sedimentary, basement complex and granite pluton.

Published
2012

26. Assessment of Rational Prescribing of Antihypertensive Drug combinations in Lagos University Teaching Hospital

Author

Oreagba, IA; Department of Pharmacology, Colllege of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Olayemi, SO; Department of Pharmacology, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Mabadeje, AFB; Department of Pharmacology, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nwoye, E; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Colllege of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Oreagba, IA; Department of Pharmacology, Colllege of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Olayemi, SO; Department of Pharmacology, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Mabadeje, AFB; Department of Pharmacology, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, and Nwoye, E; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Colllege of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos

Abstract

Purpose: The study aimed to assess prescribing trends of antihypertensives and proportion of prescriptions containing irrational combinations of antihypertensives and co-prescribed drugs. Methods: Five hundred and fifty four prescriptions, containing antihypertensives, were collected prospectively over a period of twelve months, from the internal medicine clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, and evaluated. Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.9. Encounters with injections were 0.5%. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 31.6%. All the drugs prescribed were from the National Essential Drugs List. Calcium antagonists were the most frequently used group of drugs (41.3%), followed by Diuretics (33.0%) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (22.4%). Nifedipine (31.9%), Methyldopa (22.4%) and Propranolol (20.2%) were the most frequently used individual drugs. Beta-blockers with Calcium antagonists (13.3%), Methyldopa with Diuretics (10.6%), Calcium antagonists with ACEIs (10.3%) were the most frequently prescribed drug combinations. Irrational drug combinations with NSAIDs were observed in 21.8% of the prescriptions. Also beta-blockers were prescribed in 22% of prescriptions for hypertensive / diabetic patients. Conclusion: There is need to educate prescribers on appropriate therapeutic combinations that would provide optimal management of hypertension and associated clinical conditions. KEY WORDS: Antithypertensive, rational, drug combination. Nig. Jnl Health & Biomed. Sciences Vol. 3(1) 2004: 8-11

Published
2004

27. Antimicrobial effect and kinetic inhibition of partially purified extracellular protease of Shigella dysenteriae by the volatile oils of Camellia sinensis

Author

Samuel, Folorunso Olufemi; Lagos State University, Ojo Lagos State, Nigeria, Segun, Adeola; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University. P. O. Box 0001LASU Post Office, Ojo Lagos, Nigeria, Baba, Marycelin Mandu; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, P. M. B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria, Farrant, Jill; Research Chair, Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (MCB), Private Bag, 7701, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Samuel, Folorunso Olufemi; Lagos State University, Ojo Lagos State, Nigeria, Segun, Adeola; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University. P. O. Box 0001LASU Post Office, Ojo Lagos, Nigeria, Baba, Marycelin Mandu; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, P. M. B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria, and Farrant, Jill; Research Chair, Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (MCB), Private Bag, 7701, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Abstract

In spite of great advances observed in modern medicine, plants still constitute a major source of medicine especially in developing countries. Hence, there is need for unrelenting effort in the exploration of the health benefit of medicinal plants. This work was designed to determine the effect of the volatile oils of Camellia sinensis on the extracellular protease, which is one of the major virulent factors in the pathogenesis of Shigella dysenteriae and its antibacterial effects on eight other enteric bacterial as compared with the antibiotics. The average total growth inhibition of the volatile oils from the leaf, stem and root of Camellia sinensis (291.0±33.0 mm) was significantly higher (p>0.05) than the antibiotics tested (97.0±25.0 mm). The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of the oils revealed Escherichia coli as the most sensitive organism. However, relatively higher concentrations of the oils are required to achieve similar sensitivity against Salmonella and Shigella species. The kinetics of partially purified extracellular protease, which is one of the adjuncts virulence factors of Shigella dysenteriae, was competitively (leaf and root) and noncompetitively (stem) inhibited by these oils from different parts of the plant. The activity of this enzyme increased steadily between pH 7.0 – 8.0 and 40 – 50 oC. The volatile oils possessed antimicrobial activity and showed both competitive and noncompetitive kinetic inhibition of the extracellular protease of Shigella dysenteriae. The inhibitory action of the oil on extracellular protease from Shigella dysenteriae suggests the possible mode of action. Volatile oil from Camellia sinensis, especially the leaf, may be an important source of antibiotic against these organisms particularly Shigella dysenteriae.

Published
2013

28. Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Hepatic Glycogenosis in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Author

Akinola, Oluwole B.; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria., Dosumu, Olufunke O.; Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria, Akinola, Oluwafunmike S.; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria., Zatta, Laura; Department of Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy., Dini, Luciana; Department of Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy., Caxton-Martins, Ezekiel A.; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria., Akinola, Oluwole B.; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria., Dosumu, Olufunke O.; Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria, Akinola, Oluwafunmike S.; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria., Zatta, Laura; Department of Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy., Dini, Luciana; Department of Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy., and Caxton-Martins, Ezekiel A.; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria.

Abstract

We studied the effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (AIE) on hepatic microscopic anatomy and oxidative stress markers in diabetic rats. Seventy-five Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups: control; diabetic; diabetic+AIE; AIE only; and diabetic+glibenclamide. Hyperglycemia was induced in fasted rats with streptozotocin. AIE was administered orally at 500 mg/kg bw/d and glibenclamide at 600 μg/kg bw/d for 50 days (50 d). Animals were sacrificed on treatment days 7, 21 and 50. The liver was stained with PAS. Hepatic markers of oxidative stress were also estimated. At 50 d, histological study of the liver of diabetic rats showed swollen PAS+ hepatocytes, whose content was confirmed to be glycogen. On the contrary, hepatocytes of AIE-treated diabetic rats lacked glycogen. The major finding in these rats was exacerbated oxidative stress. Our findings in this model showed the beneficial effect of AIE in the amelioration of diabetic hepatic glycogenosis.Keywords: Diabetes, Azadirachta indica, hepatic glycogenosis, oxidative stress, liver

Published
2011

29. Gastroprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of Enantia chlorantha in rats

Author

Siminialayi, IM; Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, PortHarcourt, Nigeria, Agbaje, EO; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Siminialayi, IM; Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, PortHarcourt, Nigeria, and Agbaje, EO; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract

The bark of Enantia chloranthahas several medicinal properties and has been used by traditional medical practitioners in Nigeria for the treatment of skin, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and as an antimalarial. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the gastroprotective effects of E. chloranthaagainst known ulcerogenic agents in rats. Gastric ulcers were first induced by administering 1ml of absolute ethanol and 30mg/kg of indomethacin, separately, intragastrically, via an inflexible oral cannula to two groups of rats. Two other groups of rats were then pretreated with 300mg/kg of the ethanolic extract of E. chlorantha, administered by the same route, 30 minutes before the ulcerogenic agents and the ulcer indices compared. The extract protected against the ulcerogenic effects of absolute ethanol and indomethacininduced ulcers following its pretreatment of rats 30 minutes before the administration of these agents. The inhibition of indomethacin-induced ulcers is however not as effective as that of ethanol-induced ulcers (mean ulcer indices 30.21 ± 4.34 and 2.2 ± 2.65, respectively). We postulate that the extract may be acting mainly as a cytoprotective agent but perhaps also by inhibiting gastric acid secretion.Keywords: Enantia chlorantha, prophylaxis, ethanol, indomethacin, gastric ulcers Rsum L\'corse de Enantia chloranthaa plusieur proprite mdicinales et a t utilis par les tradi-praticients du Nigeria pour le traitement de l\'ulcer de la peau, gastrique et duodenal, et aussi comme un anti-malarial. Le but de cette tud est de montrer l\'effet protecttif de Enantia chloranthacontre les agent ulcerogeniques chez les souris. Les ulcer gastriques on t premirement t induite en administrant sparement et intragastrique 1ml d\'thanol absolute et 30mg/kg d\'indomethacine chez deux groups de souris en utilisant des cannules oral non flexible. Deux autre groupes ont t pr-traite avec 300mg/k d\'extrait ethanolique Enantia chloranthaadministr par la mme route.Ce 30minute avant

Published
2005

30. Environmental Quality, Infant Morality, and Economic Growth in Selected Sub‑Saharan African Countries

Author

Aderounmu, Busayo, Awofiranye, Adedoyin, Oni, Olubusayo Emmanuel, Aderounmu, Busayo - Ph.D., Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria Centre for Economic Policy and Development Research (CEPDeR), Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, Awofiranye, Adedoyin - Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, Oni, Olubusayo Emmanuel - University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Aderounmu, Busayo - busayo.aderounmu@covenantuniversity.edu.ng, Awofiranye, Adedoyin - adedoyin.awofiranye@stu.cu.edu.ng, and Oni, Olubusayo Emmanuel - olubusayon@gmail.com

Subjects
Environmental quality, sub‑Saharan African, Afryka Subsaharyjska, śmiertelność niemowląt, wzrost gospodarczy, economic growth, jakość środowiska, infant mortality
Abstract

Beyond the usual macroeconomic stability, which is a necessity for economic growth, more focus should be placed on the effects that environmental quality has on infant mortality in sub‑Saharan Africa. Africa has always had the highest rate of infant mortality and the poorest environmental quality in the world. High infant mortality shows that there are unmet human needs and unenforced policies to protect the environment. Therefore, this research examines the impact of environmental quality on infant mortality and how environmental quality and infant mortality also affect economic growth using 15 selected sub‑Saharan African countries for a period of 10 years (2010–2019). The study employed fixed and random effects methods of estimation. The results showed that environmental quality has a significant negative (51.53%) impact on infant mortality and that economic growth also has a negative (45.58%) impact on infant mortality. The study recommends that governments should increase expenditure on health, with more focus on financing infant healthcare, because it also affects economic growth. Obok zwykłej stabilności makroekonomicznej, która jest niezbędna dla wzrostu gospodarczego, elementem, na który należy zwrócić większą uwagę, jest wpływ jakości środowiska na śmiertelność niemowląt w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej. Afryka zawsze miała najwyższy wskaźnik śmiertelności niemowląt i najniższą jakość środowiska na świecie. Wysoka śmiertelność niemowląt pokazuje, że istnieją niezaspokojone potrzeby ludzkie i nieegzekwowana jest polityka ochrony środowiska. W związku z tym w niniejszym badaniu przeanalizowano wpływ jakości środowiska na śmiertelność niemowląt oraz wpływ jakości środowiska i śmiertelności niemowląt na wzrost gospodarczy na podstawie danych dla 15 wybranych krajów Afryki Subsaharyjskiej z okresu 10 lat (2010–2019). W badaniu zastosowano metody estymacji: efektów stałych i efektów losowych. Wyniki badania wykazały, że jakość środowiska ma znaczący negatywny wpływ (51,53%) na śmiertelność niemowląt. Wzrost gospodarczy ma również negatywny wpływ (45,58%) na śmiertelność niemowląt. Z opracowania wynika zalecenie, aby rządy zwiększyły wydatki na ochronę zdrowia, z większym naciskiem na finansowanie opieki zdrowotnej dla niemowląt, ponieważ wpływa to również na wzrost gospodarczy.

Published
2023

31. The current state of clinical mycology in Africa: a European Confederation of Medical Mycology and International Society for Human and Animal Mycology survey

Author

Cândida Driemeyer, Diego R Falci, Rita O Oladele, Felix Bongomin, Bright K Ocansey, Nelesh P Govender, Martin Hoenigl, Jean Pierre Gangneux, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Oliver A Cornely, Alexandre Alanio, Jesus Guinea, C Orla Morrissey, Riina Rautemaa-Richardson, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Jacques F Meis, Caroline Bruns, Jannik Stemler, Alessandro C Pasqualotto, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre = Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), University of Lagos, Gulu University, Partenaires INRAE, University of Manchester [Manchester], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Medical University of Graz, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, German Center for Infection Research - Partner Site Bonn-Cologne (DZIF), Hôpitaux Universitaire Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Monash university, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology [Chandigarh] (IMTech), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research [India] (CSIR), and Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen]

Subjects
MESH: Fungi, Microbiology (medical), Antifungal Agents, MESH: Humans, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Fungi, Nigeria, Mycology, MESH: Antifungal Agents, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Mycoses, Virology, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, MESH: Nigeria
Abstract

International audience; Africa, although not unique in this context, is a favourable environment for fungal infections, given the high burden of risk factors. An online survey was developed asking about laboratory infrastructure and antifungal drug availability. We received 40 responses (24.4% response rate) of 164 researchers contacted from 21 African countries. Only five institutions (12.5%) of 40 located in Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda potentially fulfilled the minimum laboratory requirements for European Confederation of Medical Mycology Excellence Centre blue status. Difficulties included low access to susceptibility testing for both yeasts and moulds (available in only 30% of institutions) and Aspergillus spp antigen detection (available in only 47.5% of institutions as an in-house or outsourced test), as well as access to mould-active antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B deoxycholate (available for 52.5% of institutions), itraconazole (52.5%), voriconazole (35.0%), and posaconazole (5.0%). United and targeted efforts are crucial to face the growing challenges in clinical mycology.

Published
2022
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32. Bird tolerance to humans in open tropical ecosystems

Author

Peter Mikula, Oldřich Tomášek, Dušan Romportl, Timothy K. Aikins, Jorge E. Avendaño, Bukola D. A. Braimoh-Azaki, Adams Chaskda, Will Cresswell, Susan J. Cunningham, Svein Dale, Gabriela R. Favoretto, Kelvin S. Floyd, Hayley Glover, Tomáš Grim, Dominic A. W. Henry, Tomas Holmern, Martin Hromada, Soladoye B. Iwajomo, Amanda Lilleyman, Flora J. Magige, Rowan O. Martin, Marina F. de A. Maximiano, Eric D. Nana, Emmanuel Ncube, Henry Ndaimani, Emma Nelson, Johann H. van Niekerk, Carina Pienaar, Augusto J. Piratelli, Penny Pistorius, Anna Radkovic, Chevonne Reynolds, Eivin Røskaft, Griffin K. Shanungu, Paulo R. Siqueira, Tawanda Tarakini, Nattaly Tejeiro-Mahecha, Michelle L. Thompson, Wanyoike Wamiti, Mark Wilson, Donovan R. C. Tye, Nicholas D. Tye, Aki Vehtari, Piotr Tryjanowski, Michael A. Weston, Daniel T. Blumstein, Tomáš Albrecht, University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Charles University, University of Cape Town, Universidad de los Andes Colombia, University of Jos, University of St Andrews, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Grupo de Pesquisa e Conservação da arara-azul-de-lear, International Crane Foundation, Deakin University, University of Ostrava, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, University of Zielona Gora, University of Lagos, Charles Darwin University, University of Dar Es Salaam, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Chinhoyi University of Technology, International Fund for Animal Welfare, University of Liverpool, University of South Africa, BirdLife South Africa, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, National Museums of Kenya, University of Stirling, Organisation for Tropical Studies, C4 EcoSolutions, Computer Science Professors, Poznań University of Life Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Computer Science, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
MCC, Rural Population, QL, Behavior, Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, Urban Population, Animal, Australia, Wild, General Physics and Astronomy, DAS, GF Human ecology. Anthropogeography, General Chemistry, QL Zoology, South America, GF, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Birds, Human-Animal Interaction, Africa, Animals, Humans, Ecosystem
Abstract

Funding Information: We are especially thankful to Rob G. Bijlsma who generously shared with us his extensive dataset from the Sahel region. We are also thankful to Afan Ajang, Linn M. Bjørvik, Tamuka Chapata, Wouter van Dongen, Patrick Guay, Lenka Harmáčková, Lukasz Jankowiak, Jan van der Kamp, Lennox Kirao, Jakub Kosicki, Philista Malaki, Pretty Maoko, John Mchetto, Grayson Mwakalebe, Organisation for Tropical Studies (South Africa), Diogo Samia, Trine Hay Setsaas, Libor Vaicenbacher and Leo Zwarts for their help with data collection. MW is thankful to Allison Piper, and a Deakin University Faculty of Science, Engineering and the Built Environment National and International Research Collaboration Grant in Kenya and BEACH (Beach Ecology and Conservation Hub; Venus Bay) in Australia. In Kenya, field data collection was approved by National Commission for Science Technology and Innovation no. NACOSTI/P14/4653/660 to M.W. and P.M. and no. NACOSTI/P18/52438/25493 to MW, Kenya Wildlife Service no KWS/BRP/5001 to M.W. A Rocha Kenya and the National Museum of Kenya supported and helped conduct fieldwork in Kenya. In South Africa, the University of Cape Town Science Faculty Animal Ethics Committee (2015/V11/SC) to S.J.C., Northern Cape Department of Environment and Nature Conservation (FAUNA 1489/2015) to P.P. In Brazil, we worked on private lands where no permits were required. In Australia, research was approved by the Deakin University (B32/2012, B11/2015, B10/2018), the Charles Darwin University Animal Ethics (A11013), the Macquarie University Animal Research Committee (99021), the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (#FA/000379/00/SA), and the Northern Territory Parks and Wildlife (41035 and 55233). This study was financially supported by the DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town (grant to S.J.C.), The Leventis Foundation through the A.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute, Jos Nigeria (grant to B.D.A.B.), by a fellowship of the Fulbright (Slovakia) programme to P.M. for a visit to the University of California, Los Angeles. Animal tolerance towards humans can be a key factor facilitating wildlife–human coexistence, yet traits predicting its direction and magnitude across tropical animals are poorly known. Using 10,249 observations for 842 bird species inhabiting open tropical ecosystems in Africa, South America, and Australia, we find that avian tolerance towards humans was lower (i.e., escape distance was longer) in rural rather than urban populations and in populations exposed to lower human disturbance (measured as human footprint index). In addition, larger species and species with larger clutches and enhanced flight ability are less tolerant to human approaches and escape distances increase when birds were approached during the wet season compared to the dry season and from longer starting distances. Identification of key factors affecting animal tolerance towards humans across large spatial and taxonomic scales may help us to better understand and predict the patterns of species distributions in the Anthropocene.

Published
2023
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34. Distribution of palynomorphs in recent bottom sediments offshore Niger delta: A preliminary study

Author

Peter Adegbenga Adeonipekun, Michael Babatunde Adebayo, University of Lagos, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022
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35. Treatment outcome definitions in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a CPAnet consensus statement

Author

Eva Van Braeckel, Iain Page, Jesper Rømhild Davidsen, Christian B. Laursen, Ritesh Agarwal, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Aleksandra Barac, Jacques Cadranel, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Oliver A. Cornely, David W. Denning, Holger Flick, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Cendrine Godet, Yuta Hayashi, Christophe Hennequin, Martin Hoenigl, Muhammed Irfan, Koichi Izumikawa, Won-Jun Koh, Chris Kosmidis, Christoph Lange, Bernd Lamprecht, Francois Laurent, Oxana Munteanu, Rita Oladele, Thomas F. Patterson, Akira Watanabe, Helmut J.F. Salzer, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research [Chandigarh, India], German Center for Infectious Research - partner site Tübingen [Tübingen, Allemagne] (DZIF), University of Cologne, University of Manchester [Manchester], Medical University of Graz, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), The Aga Khan University, Nagasaki University, Sungkyunkwan University [Suwon] (SKKU), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), Karolinska Institute, Universität zu Lübeck = University of Lübeck [Lübeck], University Nicolae Testemitanu [Kishinev, Moldova] (UNT), University of Lagos, University of North Texas Health Science Center [Fort Worth], Chiba University, and Kepler University Hospital

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Consensus, Treatment Outcome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medicine and Health Sciences, MANAGEMENT, Humans, Persistent Infection, Pulmonary Aspergillosis, GUIDELINES, DIAGNOSIS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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36. MasakhaNER: Named entity recognition for African languages

Author

Julia Kreutzer, Ayodele Awokoya, Ignatius Ezeani, Rubungo Andre Niyongabo, Happy Buzaaba, Adewale Akinfaderin, Samuel Oyerinde, Stephen Mayhew, Emmanuel Anebi, Mofetoluwa Adeyemi, Kelechi Ogueji, Abdoulaye Diallo, Seid Muhie Yimam, Jade Abbott, Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende, Victor Akinode, Blessing Sibanda, Catherine Gitau, Chester Palen-Michel, Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad, Degaga Wolde, Graham Neubig, Tendai Marengereke, Paul Rayson, Derguene Mbaye, Eric Peter Wairagala, Daniel D'souza, Tosin P. Adewumi, Jonathan Mukiibi, Chris Chinenye Emezue, David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Shruti Rijhwani, Iroro Orife, Verrah Otiende, Maurice Katusiime, Yvonne Wambui, Dibora Gebreyohannes, Kelechi Nwaike, Salomey Osei, Chiamaka Chukwuneke, Henok Tilaye, Deborah Nabagereka, Thierno Ibrahima Diop, Orevaoghene Ahia, Jesujoba O. Alabi, Sebastian Ruder, Davis David, Mouhamadane Mboup, Samba Ngom, Tajuddeen R. Gwadabe, Bonaventure F. P. Dossou, Temilola Oloyede, Perez Ogayo, Clemencia Siro, Gerald Muriuki, Aremu Anuoluwapo, Nkiruka Odu, Tobius Saul Bateesa, Abdoulaye Faye, Israel Abebe Azime, Constantine Lignos, Saarland University [Saarbrücken], Masakhane NLP, Retro Rabbit, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), ProQuest, Google Research, Brandeis University, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, DeepMind, DeepMind Technologies, Duolingo, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), University of Porto, Bayero University Kano (BUK), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Makerere University [Kampala, Ouganda] (MAK), African Leadership University, University of Lagos, Max Planck Institute for Informatics [Saarbrücken], Universität Hamburg (UHH), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Lancaster University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), United States International University - Africa, Niger-Volta Language Technologies Institute, Luleå University of Technology (LUT), African University of Science and Technology (AUST), University of Ibadan, Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), InstaDeep, Jacobs University [Bremen], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], European Project: 825081,H2020,COMPRISE(2018), Technical University of Munich (TUM), DeepMind [London], Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, and University of Electronic Science and Technology of China [Chengdu] (UESTC)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Linguistics and Language, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer science, business.industry, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Communication, Languages of Africa, computer.software_genre, Code (semiotics), [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Named-entity recognition, Artificial Intelligence, Artificial intelligence, Transfer of learning, business, computer, Computation and Language (cs.CL), Natural language processing
Abstract

We take a step towards addressing the under-representation of the African continent in NLP research by creating the first large publicly available high-quality dataset for named entity recognition (NER) in ten African languages, bringing together a variety of stakeholders. We detail characteristics of the languages to help researchers understand the challenges that these languages pose for NER. We analyze our datasets and conduct an extensive empirical evaluation of state-of-the-art methods across both supervised and transfer learning settings. We release the data, code, and models in order to inspire future research on African NLP., Comment: Accepted to TACL 2021, pre-MIT Press publication version

Published
2021
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37. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of the endemic mycoses: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology

Author

Peter-Michael Rath, Methee Chayakulkeeree, Alessandro C. Pasqualotto, Christopher C. Kibbler, María José Buitrago, Thuy Le, Neil M Ampel, Flavio Queiroz-Telles, Ferry Hagen, Oliver A. Cornely, Paul E. Verweij, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ariya Chindamporn, Nelesh P. Govender, Carol A. Kauffman, Graeme Meintjes, Darius Armstrong-James, Chris Kenyon, Grégory Jouvion, Ilan S. Schwartz, Olusola Ayanlowo, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, John W Baddley, George Richard Thompson, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, David R. Andes, Tobias M. Hohl, Low Lee Lee, Andrej Spec, Cao Cun-wei, Robert Krause, Ebrahim Variava, Marisa H. Miceli, David C M Kong, Leili Chamani-Tabriz, Mohammad Taghi Hedayati, Bridget M. Barker, Nikolai Klimko, Leila Maria Lopes Bezerra, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, Duke University [Durham], Chulalongkorn University [Bangkok], University of Michigan Medical School [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), University of Arizona, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Imperial College London, University of Lagos, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland System, The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], State University of Rio de Janeiro, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Mahidol University [Bangkok], University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], Guangxi University [Nanning], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Neuropathologie expérimentale / Experimental neuropathology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université de Paris (UP), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Ballarat [Australie] (FedUni), Institute of Biophysics [Graz], Medical University Graz, University of Cape Town, Ruhrlandklinik University Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], University of Alberta, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre = Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), University of California (UC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP]

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, Endemic Diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], International Cooperation, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Decision-Making, Medizin, MEDLINE, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Guidelines as Topic, Global Health, Microbiology, Article, Histoplasmosis, Vaccine Related, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Risk Factors, Biodefense, Mycology, Epidemiology, medicine, Animals, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, 0303 health sciences, Sporotrichosis, 030306 microbiology, Paracoccidioidomycosis, business.industry, Prevention, Guideline, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Europe, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Infectious Diseases, Mycoses, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Infection, business, Blastomycosis
Abstract

International audience; The global burden of the endemic mycoses (blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, emergomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, sporotrichosis, and talaromycosis) continues to rise yearly and these infectious diseases remain a leading cause of patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. Management of the associated pathogens requires a thorough understanding of the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods and performance characteristics in different patient populations, and treatment options unique to each infection. Guidance on the management of these infections has the potential to improve prognosis. The recommendations outlined in this Review are part of the "One World, One Guideline" initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology. Experts from 23 countries contributed to the development of these guidelines. The aim of this Review is to provide an up-to-date consensus and practical guidance in clinical decision making, by engaging physicians and scientists involved in various aspects of clinical management.

Published
2021
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38. Diversity in immunogenomics: the value and the challenge

Author

Lluis Quintana-Murci, Clive M. Gray, Wei Zhang, Houda Alachkar, Serghei Mangul, Ricardo Fujita, Yana Safonova, Cathrine Scheepers, Purvesh Khatri, Carlos Bustamante, Alice B. Popejoy, K.O. Adekoya, Van Mai Cao-Lormeau, Kerui Peng, Malak Abedalthagafi, Petter Brodin, Oscar L. Rodriguez, Vanessa D. Jonsson, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Felix Breden, Martin Corcoran, Rahaman A. Ahmed, Amanda M. Burkhardt, Yusuke Nakamura, Gur Yaari, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam, Jianming Xie, Maura Rossetti, Victor Greiff, Darragh Duffy, Wei Chiao Chang, Corey T. Watson, Xiao Liu, Mikhail Shugay, William D. Lees, University of Southern California (USC), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, University of Louisville, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University [Moscow, Russia], Stanford University, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Immunologie Translationnelle - Translational Immunology lab, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Universidad de Tarapaca, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, University of Oslo (UiO), Beckman Research Institute [Duarte, CA], Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School [Shenzhen], Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chaire Génomique humaine et évolution, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Bar-Ilan University [Israël], City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology [Riyadh], University of Lagos, Taipei Medical University, TMU-ShuangHo Hospital [New Taipei City], University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa., Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research [Tokyo, Japan], Birkbeck College [University of London], National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Y.S. was supported by the National Science Foundation EAGER award (no. 2032783). M.S. is supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation grant no. 075-15-2020-807. A.B.P. and C.D.B. are supported by an award from the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health (U41HG009649). C.T.W. and O.L.R. are supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R24AI138963 and R21AI142590. V.G. is supported by a UiO World-Leading Research Community grant, the UiO:LifeScience Convergence Environment Immunolingo, EU Horizon 2020 iReceptorplus (no. 825821) and a Research Council of Norway FRIPRO project (#300740). V.D.J. was supported by an award from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (K12CA001727). The laboratory of L.Q.-M. is supported by the Institut Pasteur, the Collège de France, the CNRS, the Fondation Allianz-Institut de France and the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoires d’Excellence ‘Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases’ (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) and ‘Milieu Intérieur’ (ANR-10-LABX-69-01). R.A.A. is supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health under award number D43TW010934. P.K. is supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1113682), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (1U19AI109662, U19AI057229, 5R01AI125197), Department of Defense (W81XWH1910235) and Catalyst and Transformational Awards from the Dr. Ralph & Marian Falk Medical Research Trust. C.S. is supported by NIAID of the National Institutes of Health under award number U01AI136677. G.K.H is supported by a grant from the Swedish Research Council (award number 532 2017-00968). S.M. is partially supported by National Science Foundation grants 2041984., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), University of California (UC), Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Collège de France - Chaire Génomique humaine et évolution, and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology [Riyadh] (KACST)

Subjects
Value (ethics), T-Lymphocytes, media_common.quotation_subject, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell, Biology, Biochemistry, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, Genetic, Immunogenetics, Humans, Quantitative Biology - Genomics, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Genomics (q-bio.GN), B-Lymphocytes, 0303 health sciences, Whole Genome Sequencing, Genomics, Cell Biology, 3. Good health, Germ Cells, Evolutionary biology, FOS: Biological sciences, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Biotechnology, Diversity (politics)
Abstract

With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies, the fields of immunogenomics and adaptive immune receptor repertoire research are facing both opportunities and challenges. Adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) has become an increasingly important tool to characterize T and B cell responses in settings of interest. However, the majority of AIRR-seq studies conducted so far were performed in individuals of European ancestry, restricting the ability to identify variation in human adaptive immune responses across populations and limiting their applications. As AIRR-seq studies depend on the ability to assign VDJ sequence reads to the correct germline gene segments, efforts to characterize the genomic loci that encode adaptive immune receptor genes in different populations are urgently needed. The availability of comprehensive germline gene databases and further applications of AIRR-seq studies to individuals of non-European ancestry will substantially enhance our understanding of human adaptive immune responses, promote the development of effective diagnostics and treatments, and eventually advance precision medicine., 22 pages,1 table

Published
2021
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39. Defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: the 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria for research and clinical guidance

Author

John R. Perfect, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Philipp Koehler, Boris Böll, Nikolay Klimko, Martin Hoenigl, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Thomas F. Patterson, Paul E. Verweij, Arnaldo Lopes Colombo, Oliver A. Cornely, Jacques F. Meis, Sharon C.-A. Chen, Li Ping Zhu, Roger J. M. Brüggemann, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Thorsten Persigehl, Rita O. Oladele, Matteo Bassetti, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, P. Lewis White, Donald C. Vinh, Faculty of Medicine [Cologne], University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne]-University of Cologne, University of Genoa (UNIGE), The University of Sydney, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, University of Lagos, McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), Shanghai Medical College, Fundan University [Shanghai China], Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Duke University Medical Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), University of California (UC), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )

Subjects
Azoles, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, Antifungal Agents, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Pyridines, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Consensus criteria, Review, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Amphotericin B, Nitriles, Correspondence, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, Voriconazole, Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, 0303 health sciences, Aspergillus, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Coinfection, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Triazoles, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Coronavirus, Pulmonary aspergillosis, Clinical research, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary Aspergillosis, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 235737.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes direct damage to the airway epithelium, enabling aspergillus invasion. Reports of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis have raised concerns about it worsening the disease course of COVID-19 and increasing mortality. Additionally, the first cases of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis caused by azole-resistant aspergillus have been reported. This article constitutes a consensus statement on defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, prepared by experts and endorsed by medical mycology societies. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis is proposed to be defined as possible, probable, or proven on the basis of sample validity and thus diagnostic certainty. Recommended first-line therapy is either voriconazole or isavuconazole. If azole resistance is a concern, then liposomal amphotericin B is the drug of choice. Our aim is to provide definitions for clinical research and up-to-date recommendations for clinical management of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.

Published
2020
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40. Longitudinal Responses of the Equatorial/Low‐Latitude Ionosphere Over the Oceanic Regions to Geomagnetic Storms of May and September 2017

Author

Christine Amory-Mazaudier, P. O. Amaechi, Bruno Nava, Andrew O. Akala, Elijah Oyeyemi, Sandro M. Radicella, University of Lagos, Chrisland University, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Geomagnetic storm, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Total electron content, TEC, Geomagnetic storms, total electron content, Electrojet, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Storm, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, storm-time electric fields, ionospheric irregularities, Magnetic cloud, Ionosphere, Interplanetary spaceflight, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; This study presents the longitudinal dependence of responses of the equatorial/low latitude ionosphere over the oceanic regions to geomagnetic storms of 28th May and 8th September, 2017. We investigated the interplanetary origins of the storms. Total Electron Content (TEC) data were obtained from Global Navigation Satellite System stations, located around the oceanic areas in the equatorial/low latitude regions. The Rate of change of TEC Index (ROTI) was used as a proxy for ionospheric irregularities over the study locations. Further, variations of the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic fields, obtained from ground-based magnetometers were studied. We used ionospheric disturbance currents, polar cap and auroral electrojet indices to monitor the storm-time electric fields. The May, 2017 storm was driven by sheath and magnetic cloud fields, while the September, 2017 storm was driven by sheath fields. We observed a comparative dominance of TEC intensities over the Oceans than over the landlocked areas. Empirically, our results validated a theoretical suggestion of the existence of a dynamic ocean-ionosphere coupling made by Godin et al. [2015]. Prompt Penetration Electric Fields (PPEF) was observed to be a key factor that controls TEC responses to storms. PPEFs caused TEC enhancements, mainly over the Pacific Ocean longitudes during the May, 2017 storm and enhanced TEC over the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Oceans longitudes during the September, 2017 storm. These PPEFs triggered irregularities over the Pacific

Published
2020
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41. The Role and Trend of Information and Communications Technology Towards a Pervasive Healthcare System

Author

Opeyemi A. Ajibola, Michael C. Ndinechi, Oluwadara J. Odeyinka, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, and University of Lagos

Subjects
business.industry, Information and Communications Technology, Computer science, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 02 engineering and technology, Telecommunications, business, 3. Good health, Pervasive healthcare
Abstract

International audience; Technological innovations have played a significant role in the modern healthcare system. However, with increasing rate of human population relative to the available medical personnel and facilities, a sudden outbreak of epidemic diseases and its resultant spread into a pandemic may pose a risk to the wellbeing of human populace. Thus, state-of-the-art innovations in communication engineering and technology is able to provide a support mechanism to healthcare domain. This paper analyzed pillars and paradigms in information and communications technology (ICT) deployable in the healthcare domain and estimates a compliance index based on the subset in which the ICT pillars and paradigms are decomposed. The analysis revealed that technological advances in the areas of robotics and internet of things (IoT) paradigm presented a potential support mechanism for healthcare domain. Finally, the paper concluded with insight into the implementation of these technologies and other supporting pillars and paradigms towards a pervasive healthcare system, enlisted recommendations, and future directions.

Published
2020
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42. Geomagnetic Activity Control of Irregularities Occurrences Over the Crests of the African EIA

Author

Christine Amory-Mazaudier, P. O. Amaechi, Elijah Oyeyemi, Andrew O. Akala, Chrisland University, University of Lagos, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Depatment of Physical Sciences, Chrisland University, Owode Akeokuta

Subjects
Information retrieval, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Astronomy, Computer science, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Control (management), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QB1-991, lcsh:Geology, Pagination, Earth's magnetic field, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Proofreading, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This paper investigated the behavior of ionospheric irregularities over the African equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests during intense geomagnetic storms that occurred from 2012 to 2015. Irregularities were monitored using the rate of change of TEC index along with variations of the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field (H) and ionospheric electric current disturbance (Diono). The predictive capability of the Prompt Penetration Equatorial Electric Field Model (PPEFM) was assessed by comparing prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) inferred from interplanetary electric field and Diono with PPEF derived from the PPEFM, with emphasis on how well the model reproduced enhancement/reduction in the prereversal enhancement (PRE). Eastward PPEF triggered short duration irregularities on 23 April 2012, 17 March 2013, and 20 February 2014 while westward electric field reduced them thereafter. The PPEFM rightly predicted enhancement (reduction) in PRE on 17 March 2013 (19 February 2014) when irregularities were triggered (inhibited). It, however, showed no change in the PRE on 23 April 2012 and 20 February 2014. During the storms recoveries, irregularities were always inhibited/reduced over the trough by westward disturbance dynamo and the inhibition lasted longer during the superstorm of March 2015. Also, there was a hemispheric asymmetry in irregularities over the African EIA crests. On 16–17 July 2012, 15 November 2012, and 19 March 2013, there were differences in irregularities behavior. On these days, the asymmetry of the postsunset crests was pronounced in both hemispheres.

Published
2020
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43. Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome in diverse populations

Author

Leah Dowsett, Omar A. Abdul-Rahman, Kelly L. Jones, Nicole Fleischer, Leon Mutesa, Babajide Owosela, María Gabriela Obregon, Victoria Huckstadt, Ebenezer Badoe, Bryan Malonga, Ekanem N. Ekure, Neerja Gupta, Ho Ming Luk, Gerarda Cappuccio, Engy A. Ashaat, Alicia Diaz-Kuan, Mona O. El Ruby, Jasmine L.F. Fung, Paul Kruszka, Stephanie Lotz-Esquivel, Nirmala D. Sirisena, Monica Penon Portmann, Carolyn Sian Kitchin, Cedrik Tekendo-Ngongang, Ifeanyi Kanayo Ifeorah, Meow-Keong Thong, Annette Uwineza, Sansan Lee, Yonit A. Addissie, Brian H.Y. Chung, Ivan F M Lo, Dalia Farouk Hussen, Angélica Moresco, Vajira H. W. Dissanayake, Maximilian Muenke, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Eloise J. Prijoles, Ramses Badilla-Porras, Roger E. Stevenson, Leticia Cassimiro Batista, Manuel Saborio-Rocafort, Danilo Moretti-Ferreira, Arianne Llamos Paneque, Tekendo-Ngongang, Cedrik, Owosela, Babajide, Fleischer, Nicole, Addissie, Yonit A, Malonga, Bryan, Badoe, Ebenezer, Gupta, Neerja, Moresco, Angélica, Huckstadt, Victoria, Ashaat, Engy A, Hussen, Dalia Farouk, Luk, Ho-Ming, Lo, Ivan F M, Hon-Yin Chung, Brian, Fung, Jasmine L F, Moretti-Ferreira, Danilo, Batista, Letícia Cassimiro, Lotz-Esquivel, Stephanie, Saborio-Rocafort, Manuel, Badilla-Porras, Ramse, Penon Portmann, Monica, Jones, Kelly L, Abdul-Rahman, Omar A, Uwineza, Annette, Prijoles, Eloise J, Ifeorah, Ifeanyi Kanayo, Llamos Paneque, Arianne, Sirisena, Nirmala D, Dowsett, Leah, Lee, Sansan, Cappuccio, Gerarda, Kitchin, Carolyn Sian, Diaz-Kuan, Alicia, Thong, Meow-Keong, Obregon, María Gabriela, Mutesa, Leon, Dissanayake, Vajira H W, El Ruby, Mona O, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Ekure, Ekanem Nsikak, Stevenson, Roger E, Muenke, Maximilian, Kruszka, Paul, The National Institutes of Health, FDNA Inc., College of Health Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, National Research Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Hospital San Juan de Dios (CCSS), National Children's Hospital Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera (CCSS), University of California San Francisco, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Rwanda, Greenwood Genetic Center, Nigerian Air Force, School of Dentistry, University of Colombo, Kapi'olani Medical Center and University of Hawai'i, Federico II University, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), University of Cape Town, Instituto de Medicina Genética, University of Malaya, University of Lagos, and American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics

Subjects
Adult, Male, Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Adolescent, Population, facial analysis technology, Physical examination, African Group, European descent, Cohort Studies, Middle East, Young Adult, Intellectual disability, Genetics, medicine, Ethnicity, Humans, Craniofacial, education, Child, Genetics (clinical), Genetic Association Studies, Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Infant, International Agencies, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Latin America, Genetics, Population, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Face, Africa, Mutation, Female, business, E1A-Associated p300 Protein
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:11:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 National Human Genome Research Institute Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder, caused by loss-of-function variants in CREBBP or EP300. Affected individuals present with distinctive craniofacial features, broad thumbs and/or halluces, and intellectual disability. RSTS phenotype has been well characterized in individuals of European descent but not in other populations. In this study, individuals from diverse populations with RSTS were assessed by clinical examination and facial analysis technology. Clinical data of 38 individuals from 14 different countries were analyzed. The median age was 7 years (age range: 7 months to 47 years), and 63% were females. The most common phenotypic features in all population groups included broad thumbs and/or halluces in 97%, convex nasal ridge in 94%, and arched eyebrows in 92%. Face images of 87 individuals with RSTS (age range: 2 months to 47 years) were collected for evaluation using facial analysis technology. We compared images from 82 individuals with RSTS against 82 age- and sex-matched controls and obtained an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.99 (p

Published
2020

44. A Review on Conservation of Energy in Wireless Sensor Networks

Author

Onyebuchi Chikezie Nosiri, Opeyemi A. Ajibola, Michael C. Ndinechi, Oluwadara J. Odeyinka, Nnaemeka Chiemezie Onuekwusi, Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), and University of Lagos

Subjects
Conservation of energy, business.industry, Computer science, Energy Usage Operations, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Machine Learning Algorithm, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Energy Wastage Activities, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS, Data Communication Cost, Network Structure, Energy Sources, business, Wireless sensor network, Computer network
Abstract

International audience; This paper is a review on energy conservation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Due to the nature of wireless sensor nodes in terms of deployment and their common usage in terrains with limited access, recharging or replacing sensor nodes batteries may be difficult. This paper examined various sources of energy in WSNs Battery, energy harvesting and energy transference. Also, various energy usage operations and energy wastage activities in WSNs were examined, and comparisons of different routing protocols based on network structure, energy dissipation, data communication cost, and entire energy usage in WSNs were itemized. The prospects of the machine learning (ML) approach in addressing energy constraint issues in WSNs were reviewed. This paper recommends a compound approach in routing decisions to maximize energy usage operation and minimize energywastage activities, consideration for energy harvesting and transference mechanisms, and exploring the potentials in ML algorithms to resolve energy problem in wireless sensor networks.

Published
2020
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45. Atrial fibrillation, anticoagulation management and risk of stroke in the Cardiomyopathy/Myocarditis registry of the EURObservational Research Programme of the European Society of Cardiology

Author

Juan R. Gimeno, Michal Tendera, Akinsanya Olusegun-Joseph, Simone Sala, Philippe Charron, Cécile Laroche, María Luisa Peña-Peña, Luigi Tavazzi, Yigal M. Pinto, Attila Frigy, Alida L.P. Caforio, Aldo P. Maggioni, Angelos G. Rigopoulos, Juan Pablo Kaski, Elisabetta Zachara, Olga Blagova, Fabrizio Drago, Elena V. Reznik, Perry M. Elliott, Katarzyna Mizia-Stec, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University College of London [London] (UCL), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío [Sevilla], University of Lagos, Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Ospedale San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù [Roma], Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Cardiology, and ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Myocarditis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated cardiomyopathy, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, Anticoagulation, 0302 clinical medicine, Restrictive cardiomyopathy, Internal medicine, Original Research Articles, medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, 030212 general & internal medicine, Original Research Article, education, Stroke, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Atrial fibrillation, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, RC666-701, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

International audience; Aims: Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that increase the risk for atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of AF, anticoagulation management, and risk of stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in patients with cardiomyopathy.Methods and results: Three thousand two hundred eight consecutive adult patients with cardiomyopathy (34.9% female; median age: 55.0 years) were prospectively enrolled as part of the EURObservational Research Programme Cardiomyopathy/Myocarditis Registry. At baseline, 903 (28.2%) patients had AF (29.4% dilated, 27.5% hypertrophic, 51.5% restrictive, and 14.7% arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, P < 0.001). AF was associated with more advanced New York Heart Association class (P < 0.001), increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities, and a history of stroke/TIA (P < 0.001). Oral anticoagulation was administered in 71.7% of patients with AF (vitamin K antagonist: 51.6%; direct oral anticoagulant: 20.1%). At 1 year follow-up, the incidence of cardiovascular endpoints was as follows: stroke/TIA 1.85% (AF vs. non-AF: 3.17% vs. 1.19%, P < 0.001), death from any cause 3.43% (AF vs. non-AF: 5.39% vs. 2.50%, P < 0.001), and death from heart failure 1.67% (AF vs. non-AF: 2.44% vs. 1.31%, P = 0.033). The independent predictors for stroke/TIA were as follows: AF [odds ratio (OR) 2.812, P = 0.005], history of stroke (OR 7.311, P = 0.010), and anaemia (OR 3.119, P = 0.006).Conclusions: The study reveals a high prevalence and diverse distribution of AF in patients with cardiomyopathies, inadequate anticoagulation regimen, and high risk of stroke/TIA in this population.

Published
2020
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46. Quiet Time Ionopheric Irregularities Over the African Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Region

Author

Christine-Amory Mazaudier, P. O. Amaechi, Elijah Oyeyemi, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, E.O. Falayi, Mohamed Kaab, Andrew O. Akala, Chrisland University, University of Lagos, Tai Solarin University of Education, Laboratoire de Physique des Hautes Energies et Astrophysique, Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Magnetic dip, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 02 engineering and technology, Trough (economics), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ionospheric irregularities, Ionization, Electric field, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total electron content, Anomaly (natural sciences), 020206 networking & telecommunications, Equatorial Electric Field, Condensed Matter Physics, Equatorial Ionization Anomaly, postmidnight irregularities, 13. Climate action, embryonic structures, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Crest, Ionosphere, Geology
Abstract

International audience; This paper investigated variations of quiet time ionospheric irregularities over the African equatorial ionization anomaly using the rate of change of total electron content index. Irregularities were quantified in terms of percentage occurrence and examined along with parameter of the anomaly, mainly its strength and the asymmetry of the crests as well as equatorial electric field derived from the real‐time equatorial electric field model and meridional wind obtained from the horizontal wind model. Irregularities occurred from 19:30 to 03:00 LT with a time difference of 1 hr between both crests. The highest occurrences were registered in April: 91.67%, 75.00%, and 96.43% for the northern crest, trough, and southern crest, respectively. Seasonally, stronger anomaly (>20 total electron content unit) in addition to the highest equatorial electric field value in the dusk sector corresponded with the equinoctial higher occurrence rate in both hemispheres, while stronger meridional wind and farthest crests location accounted for the least occurrence in winter. The summer occurrence rate was favored by reduced meridional wind, smaller crests location, and late time of prereversal enhancement at the magnetic equator. There was a significant asymmetry in irregularities over the crests in both hemispheres with stronger and greater occurrence rate over the southern crest. Also, irregularities strength and occurrence rate were similar over the northern crest and trough in summer. In addition to dusk‐sector activity, irregularities occurred during postmidnight in summer. Simultaneous variations of irregularities at the crests and trough also highlighted the contribution of nonequatorial processes to their formation at the crests.

Published
2020
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47. A review of the WHO malaria rapid diagnostic test product testing programme (2008–2018): performance, procurement and policy

Author

Jeffrey Glenn, Sandra Incardona, Roxanne R. Rees-Channer, Cara S. Kosack, Jennifer Luchavez, Didier Menard, Sina Nhem, Qin Cheng, David Bell, Iveth J. González, Wellington Oyibo, Jane Cunningham, Michelle L. Gatton, Peter L. Chiodini, Sophie Jones, John W. Barnwell, Global Malaria Programme, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria [Atlanta, GA, États-Unis] (DPDM), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research-University of Queensland [Brisbane], Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute [Enoggera] (ADFMIDI), Department of Clinical Parasitology [London], Hospital for Tropical Diseases [London], London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Médecins Sans Frontières [Amsterdam], Parasitology Department [Muntinlupa, Philippines], Research Institute of Tropical Medicine [Muntinlupa, Philippines] (RITM), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), College of Medicine [Lagos], University of Lagos, This work was supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through funding to JSI Research and Training (Grant No. GPO-I-00-06-00007-00/AID-OAA-TO-11-00012), and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant No. OPP41698) and UNITAID (Grant on Sustainable Global and National Quality Control for Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Review, World Health Organization, Sensitivity and Specificity, Product improvement, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Procurement, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, Malaria, Vivax, Humans, Medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Malaria, Falciparum, Rapid diagnostic test, biology, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, business.industry, Public health, Rapid diagnostic tests, Product testing, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Malaria, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, False positive rate, business
Abstract

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) emerged in the early 1990s into largely unregulated markets, and uncertain field performance was a major concern for the acceptance of tests for malaria case management. This, combined with the need to guide procurement decisions of UN agencies and WHO Member States, led to the creation of an independent, internationally coordinated RDT evaluation programme aiming to provide comparative performance data of commercially available RDTs. Products were assessed against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax samples diluted to two densities, along with malaria-negative samples from healthy individuals, and from people with immunological abnormalities or non-malarial infections. Three measures were established as indicators of performance, (i) panel detection score (PDS) determined against low density panels prepared from P. falciparum and P. vivax wild-type samples, (ii) false positive rate, and (iii) invalid rate, and minimum criteria defined. Over eight rounds of the programme, 332 products were tested. Between Rounds 1 and 8, substantial improvements were seen in all performance measures. The number of products meeting all criteria increased from 26.8% (11/41) in Round 1, to 79.4% (27/34) in Round 8. While products submitted to further evaluation rounds under compulsory re-testing did not show improvement, those voluntarily resubmitted showed significant increases in P. falciparum (p = 0.002) and P. vivax PDS (p

Published
2019
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48. Quality of water resources in the Niger basin and in the region of Lagos (Nigeria)

Author

Olusegun Adeaga, Eric Servat, Claudine Dieulin, Jean-Luc Seidel, Nathalie Rouché, Gil Mahé, Françoise Elbaz-Poulichet, University of Lagos, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Irrigation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, water quality, 01 natural sciences, Arsenic, Trace metal, Niger Delta, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Niger river, arsenic, Trace element, Environmental engineering, River Niger, Contamination, 6. Clean water, Water resources, Water quality, Geophysics, Drinking water quality standards, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Niger delta
Abstract

Water quality studies in Nigeria are usually conducted at local scales and limited to a restricted number of chemical contaminants, while reliable data on trace metal concentrations (including arsenic) are relatively scarce. This study focuses on the quality of available renewable water resources in terms of major ion and trace element concentrations at selected sampling locations in the Lower River Niger basin and part of the Lagos region. A screening of water contamination by arsenic and heavy metals was carried out through water sampling at selected locations using in situ measurement and laboratory testing to estimate heavy metal concentrations and water type. The analysis reveals moderate trace element contamination of the water resources, with the exception of Pb, while Mn and, to a lesser extent, Al exceeded WHO quality standards, but the Arsenic concentrations are within drinking water quality standards and are safe for consumption and irrigation, while the water type is Bicarbonate.

Published
2017
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49. Essential and Forgotten antibiotics: an inventory in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Tebano, Gianpiero, Li, Grace, Beovic, Bojana, Bielicki, Julia, Brink, Adrian, Enani, Mushira A, Godman, Brian, Hinrichsen, Sylvia Lemos, Kibuule, Dan, Gabriel, Levy-Hara, Oduyebo, Oyinlola, Sharland, Mike, Singh, Sanjeev, Wertheim, Heiman FL, Nathwani, Dilip, Pulcini, Celine, In, European Soc Clinical Microbiol, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group [London, UK], St George's, University of London-Institute for Infection and Immunity [London, UK], University of Ljubljana, University of Cape Town, King Fahad Medical City, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), University of Namibia, Hospital Carlos G. Durand, University of Lagos, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), University of Dundee, Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), CCSD, Accord Elsevier, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], King Fahad Medical City [Riyadh] (KFMC), and University of Namibia (UNAM)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Global Health, World Health Organization, Communicable Diseases, Essential medicines, RS, 03 medical and health sciences, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, 0302 clinical medicine, Ampicillin, Prevalence, Global health, medicine, Humans, Antimicrobial stewardship, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Survey, Developing Countries, Antibiotic stewardship, Low- and middle-income countries, business.industry, General Medicine, Amoxicillin, Access, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Penicillin, Metronidazole, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, medicine.drug, Antibiotic access
Abstract

Background The World Health Organization Essential Medicines List (WHO-EML) includes ‘access’ antibiotics, judged essential to treat common infections. The European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Antimicrobial Stewardship defined a list of ‘forgotten’ antibiotics, some old and often off-patent antibiotics, which have particular value for specific indications. Objective To investigate which WHO-EML ‘access’ and ‘forgotten’ antibiotics are approved at national level in a sample of low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods The Scientific Committee used a consensus procedure to select 26 WHO-EML ‘access’ and 15 ‘forgotten’ antibiotics. Paediatric formulations were explored for 14 antibiotics. An internet-based questionnaire was circulated to 40 LMIC representatives. Antibiotics were defined as approved if an official drug regulatory agency and/or the national ministry of health licensed their use, making them, at least theoretically, available on the market. Results Twenty-eight LMICs (11 in Africa, 11 in Asia and six in America) were surveyed. Nine WHO-EML ‘access’ antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, ceftriaxone, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, gentamicin and metronidazole) were approved in all countries, and all 26 ‘access’ antibiotics were approved in more than two-thirds of countries. Among the 15 ‘forgotten’ antibiotics, only one was approved in more than two-thirds of countries. The median number of approved antibiotics per country was 30 (interquartile range 23–35). Six of 14 paediatric formulations (amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, oral antistaphylococcal penicillin, cotrimoxazole, erythromycin and metronidazole) were approved in more than two-thirds of countries. Conclusions WHO-EML ‘access’ antibiotics and the most frequently used formulations for paediatrics were approved in the vast majority of the 28 surveyed LMICs. This was not the case for many of the ‘forgotten’ antibiotics, despite their important role, particularly in areas with high prevalence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria.

Published
2019
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50. Creativity and Social Identity in Urban Transport: Tricycle Decoration in Kano Metropolis

Author

Kofar-Na'isa, Abdullahi Usman, POPOOLA, Oluronke Dorcas, WILLIAMS, Oluwaseun, LAWAN, Idris, University of Lagos, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, University of Ibadan, Bayero University Kano (BUK), and IFRA-Nigeria

Subjects
social identity, tricycle decoration, Urbanism in Nigeria, Kano metropolis, Urbanism, urban transport, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, creativity, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

As tricycles (popularly known as Adaidaita sahu) have emerged to become the dominant form of transport in Kano metropolis, a new form of decoration has emerged with them, one that is quite different from the long history of vehicle decoration in Africa. What are the features of this decoration? How does it take place? Why did it emerge? These are the issues we explore in this work. The paper was written as a field report during the Masterclass on "New Forms of Popular Transport of Goods and Persons in Nigeria” held at the Mambayya House, Gwammaja, Kano from July 2 to 7, 2018. The authors pursued their study as an ethnographic research; they conducted interviews, rode along in tricycles, and went on field visits to different important sites.

Published
2019

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