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1. Voluntary alcohol drinking: relation to corticosteroids and alcohol-mediated testosterone elevation

Author: Helsingin yliopisto, bio- ja ympäristötieteellinen tiedekunta, biotieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, bio- och miljövetenskapliga fakulteten, biovetenskapliga institutionen, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Etelälahti, Tiina, Helsingin yliopisto, bio- ja ympäristötieteellinen tiedekunta, biotieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, bio- och miljövetenskapliga fakulteten, biovetenskapliga institutionen, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, and Etelälahti, Tiina
Abstract: Alcohol dependence and alcoholism are modulated by environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Rat models have been invaluable in the investigation of several aspects of alcoholism in humans. The rodents exhibit a wide range of genetically determined alcohol-drinking preferences. Selective rat breeding programs with different alcohol preference has produced stable lines of rats that reliably exhibit high and low voluntary alcohol consumption (termed here AA and ANA, respectively). Alcohol consumption is also strongly dependent on environmental conditions. Stressful events evoke an extensive multisystem and integrative physiological response, where a major component is the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Testosterone has been implicated as mediator of the rewarding effect of alcohol, and the testosterone level is predictive of future alcohol consumption. The objective of the present thesis is to examine in greater detail the relations between alcohol, testosterone and neuroendocrine stress responses, and alcohol drinking. In the first study (I), the interrelations between endogenous and alcohol-mediated effects on testosterone and corticosterone levels and voluntary alcohol consumption were studied in a crossbred F2 generation of the original AA and ANA rat lines. The second study (II) was a reinvestigation of the effect of subchronic nandrolone decanoate treatment, which in an earlier study had been shown to increase alcohol consumption, and the relation of the effect on the HPA and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes. The third study (III) examined the possible role of benzyl alcohol, present as a preservative in the nandrolone product used in the earlier study, as a confounding factor that could explain differences between the results of the earlier study and the present one. In the fourth study (IV) the interrelations between the effect of corticosterone on alcohol-mediated testosterone changes and alcohol consumption in A, Ympäristö ja geneettiset tekijät vaikuttavat alkoholiriippuvuuden ja alkoholismin kehittymiseen. Eläinmallit ovat tärkeitä välineitä ihmisen alkoholismiin liittyvien tekijöiden tutkimuksessa. Jyrsijöillä on perinnöllisiä ominaisuuksia, jotka yhdessä säätelevät mieltymystä alkoholin kulutukseen. Alkoholin kulutukseltaan toisistaan eroavia rottakantoja on jalostettu valikoimalla paljon ja vähän juovia yksilöitä erilleen sukupolvesta toiseen. Näin on saatu kehitettyä alkoholimieltymykseltään vakaat linjat fysiologista tutkimusta varten (tässä tutkimuksessa AA ja ANA rottakannat). Perintötekijöiden ohella alkoholin kulutus on myös vahvasti riippuvainen ympäristötekijöistä. Stressaavat tapahtumat käynnistävät moniulotteisen fysiologisen vastejärjestelmän kehossa. Hypotalamus-aivolisäke-lisämunuaiskuoriakselin (HPA) aktivoituminen vastaa pääasiallisesti elimistön stressivasteen muodostumisesta. Tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet yhteyden testosteronin ja alkoholin kulutuksen välillä sekä testosteronin että palkitsemiseen liittyvien hermostollisten vasteiden välillä. Testosteronitaso voi olla myös ihmisen tulevaa alkoholin käyttöä ennakoiva tekijä. Tämän tutkimuksen kohteena oli tarkemmin selvittää alkoholin, testosteronin ja elimistön fysiologisen stressivasteen välisiä suhteita. Ensimmäisessä tutkimuksessa (I) selvitettiin sisäsyntyisen testosteroni- ja kortikosteronitason, alkoholiannoksen sekä vapaaehtoisen alkoholin kulutuksen aiheuttamien muutosten keskinäisiä yhteyksiä. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin alkoholin kulutukseltaan erilaisiksi jalostettujen rottakantojen F2-sukupolven yksilöitä. Toinen tutkimus (II) tehtiin aikaisempien löydösten perusteella, joissa oli havaittu nandrolon dekanoaatti-käsittelyn lisäävän alkoholin kulutusta. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten tämä vaikutus on yhteydessä HPA- ja HPG-akseleihin. Kolmannessa kokeessa (III) selvitettiin, oliko alkoholin kulutusta lisännyt aikaisemmassa tutkimuksessa säilöntäaineena käytetty bentsyylialkoholi, mik
Published: 2017

2. A principal component meta-analysis on multiple anthropometric traits identifies novel loci for body shape

Author: University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Ried, Janina S., Jeff, Janina M., Chu, Audrey Y., Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L., van Dongen, Jenny, Huffman, Jennifer E., Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Cadby, Gemma, Eklund, Niina, Eriksson, Joel, Esko, Tonu, Feitosa, Mary F., Goel, Anuj, Gorski, Mathias, Hayward, Caroline, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Jackson, Anne U., Jokinen, Eero, Kanoni, Stavroula, Kristiansson, Kati, Kutalik, Zoltan, Lahti, Jari, Luan, Jian'an, Maegi, Reedik, Mahajan, Anubha, Mangino, Massimo, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Monda, Keri L., Nolte, Ilja M., Perusse, Louis, Prokopenko, Inga, Qi, Lu, Rose, Lynda M., Salvi, Erika, Smith, Megan T., Snieder, Harold, Stancakova, Alena, Sung, Yun Ju, Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Teumer, Alexander, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, van der Harst, Pim, Walker, Ryan W., Wang, Sophie R., Wild, Sarah H., Willems, Sara M., Wong, Andrew, Zhang, Weihua, Albrecht, Eva, Alves, Alexessander Couto, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Barlassina, Cristina, Bartz, Traci M., Beilby, John, Bellis, Claire, Bergman, Richard N., Bergmann, Sven, Blangero, John, Blueher, Matthias, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Bornstein, Stefan R., Bruinenberg, Marcel, Campbell, Harry, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chiang, Charleston W. K., Chines, Peter S., Collins, Francis S., Cucca, Fracensco, Cupples, L. Adrienne, D'Avila, Francesca, de Geus, Eco J. C., Dedoussis, George, Dimitriou, Maria, Doering, Angela, Eriksson, Johan G., Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Farrall, Martin, Ferreira, Teresa, Fischer, Krista, Forouhi, Nita G., Friedrich, Nele, Gjesing, Anette Prior, Glorioso, Nicola, Graff, Mariaelisa, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Graessler, Juergen, Grewal, Jagvir, Hamsten, Anders, Harder, Marie Neergaard, Hartman, Catharina A., Hassinen, Maija, Hastie, Nicholas, Hattersley, Andrew Tym, Havulinna, Aki S., Heliovaara, Markku, Hillege, Hans, Hofman, Albert, Holmen, Oddgeir, Homuth, Georg, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hui, Jennie, Husemoen, Lise Lotte, Hysi, Pirro G., Isaacs, Aaron, Ittermann, Till, Jalilzadeh, Shapour, James, Alan L., Jorgensen, Torben, Jousilahti, Pekka, Jula, Antti, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Justice, Anne E., Kahonen, Mika, Karaleftheri, Maria, Khaw, Kay Tee, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Kinnunen, Leena, Knekt, Paul B., Koistinen, Heikki A., Kolcic, Ivana, Kooner, Ishminder K., Koskinen, Seppo, Kovacs, Peter, Kyriakou, Theodosios, Laitinen, Tomi, Langenberg, Claudia, Lewin, Alexandra M., Lichtner, Peter, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Lindstrom, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lorentzon, Mattias, Luben, Robert, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Mannisto, Satu, Manunta, Paolo, Leach, Irene Mateo, McArdle, Wendy L., Mcknight, Barbara, Mohlke, Karen L., Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Mills, Rebecca, Montasser, May E., Morris, Andrew P., Mueller, Gabriele, Musk, Arthur W., Narisu, Narisu, Ong, Ken K., Oostra, Ben A., Osmond, Clive, Palotie, Aarno, Pankow, James S., Paternoster, Lavinia, Penninx, Brenda W., Pichler, Irene, Pilia, Maria G., Polasek, Ozren, Pramstaller, Peter P., Raitakari, Olli T., Rankinen, Tuomo, Rao, D. C., Rayner, Nigel W., Ribel-Madsen, Rasmus, Rice, Treva K., Richards, Marcus, Ridker, Paul M., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Ryan, Kathy A., Sanna, Serena, Sarzynski, Mark A., Scholtens, Salome, Scott, Robert A., Sebert, Sylvain, Southam, Lorraine, Sparso, Thomas Hempel, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen, Stolk, Ronald P., Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M., Swertz, Morris A., Swift, Amy J., Toenjes, Anke, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, van der Most, Peter J., Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Vandenput, Liesbeth, Vartiainen, Erkki, Venturini, Cristina, Verweij, Niek, Viikari, Jorma S., Vitart, Veronique, Vohl, Marie-Claude, Vonk, Judith M., Waeber, Gerard, Widen, Elisabeth, Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilsgaard, Tom, Winkler, Thomas W., Wright, Alan F., Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M., Zhao, Jing Hua, Zillikens, M. Carola, Boomsma, Dorret I., Bouchard, Claude, Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Cusi, Daniele, Gansevoort, Ron T., Gieger, Christian, Hansen, Torben, Hicks, Andrew A., Hu, Frank, Hveem, Kristian, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Kajantie, Eero, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kuh, Diana, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Lehtimaeki, Terho, Metspalu, Andres, Njolstad, Inger, Ohlsson, Claes, Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Palmer, Lyle J., Pedersen, Oluf, Perola, Markus, Peters, Annette, Psaty, Bruce M., Puolijoki, Hannu, Rauramaa, Rainer, Rudan, Igor, Salomaa, Veikko, Schwarz, Peter E. H., Shudiner, Alan R., Smit, Jan H., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Spector, Timothy D., Stefansson, Kari, Stumvoll, Michael, Tremblay, Angelo, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Uusitupa, Matti, Voelker, Uwe, Vollenweider, Peter, Wareham, Nicholas J., Watkins, Hugh, Wilson, James F., Zeggini, Eleftheria, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Boehnke, Michael, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Fox, Caroline, Groop, Leif C., Heid, Iris M., Hunter, David J., Kaplan, Robert C., McCarthy, Mark I., North, Kari E., O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Schlessinger, David, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Strachan, David P., Frayling, Timothy, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Loos, Ruth J. F., University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Ried, Janina S., Jeff, Janina M., Chu, Audrey Y., Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L., van Dongen, Jenny, Huffman, Jennifer E., Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Cadby, Gemma, Eklund, Niina, Eriksson, Joel, Esko, Tonu, Feitosa, Mary F., Goel, Anuj, Gorski, Mathias, Hayward, Caroline, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Jackson, Anne U., Jokinen, Eero, Kanoni, Stavroula, Kristiansson, Kati, Kutalik, Zoltan, Lahti, Jari, Luan, Jian'an, Maegi, Reedik, Mahajan, Anubha, Mangino, Massimo, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Monda, Keri L., Nolte, Ilja M., Perusse, Louis, Prokopenko, Inga, Qi, Lu, Rose, Lynda M., Salvi, Erika, Smith, Megan T., Snieder, Harold, Stancakova, Alena, Sung, Yun Ju, Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Teumer, Alexander, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, van der Harst, Pim, Walker, Ryan W., Wang, Sophie R., Wild, Sarah H., Willems, Sara M., Wong, Andrew, Zhang, Weihua, Albrecht, Eva, Alves, Alexessander Couto, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Barlassina, Cristina, Bartz, Traci M., Beilby, John, Bellis, Claire, Bergman, Richard N., Bergmann, Sven, Blangero, John, Blueher, Matthias, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Bornstein, Stefan R., Bruinenberg, Marcel, Campbell, Harry, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chiang, Charleston W. K., Chines, Peter S., Collins, Francis S., Cucca, Fracensco, Cupples, L. Adrienne, D'Avila, Francesca, de Geus, Eco J. C., Dedoussis, George, Dimitriou, Maria, Doering, Angela, Eriksson, Johan G., Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Farrall, Martin, Ferreira, Teresa, Fischer, Krista, Forouhi, Nita G., Friedrich, Nele, Gjesing, Anette Prior, Glorioso, Nicola, Graff, Mariaelisa, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Graessler, Juergen, Grewal, Jagvir, Hamsten, Anders, Harder, Marie Neergaard, Hartman, Catharina A., Hassinen, Maija, Hastie, Nicholas, Hattersley, Andrew Tym, Havulinna, Aki S., Heliovaara, Markku, Hillege, Hans, Hofman, Albert, Holmen, Oddgeir, Homuth, Georg, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hui, Jennie, Husemoen, Lise Lotte, Hysi, Pirro G., Isaacs, Aaron, Ittermann, Till, Jalilzadeh, Shapour, James, Alan L., Jorgensen, Torben, Jousilahti, Pekka, Jula, Antti, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Justice, Anne E., Kahonen, Mika, Karaleftheri, Maria, Khaw, Kay Tee, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Kinnunen, Leena, Knekt, Paul B., Koistinen, Heikki A., Kolcic, Ivana, Kooner, Ishminder K., Koskinen, Seppo, Kovacs, Peter, Kyriakou, Theodosios, Laitinen, Tomi, Langenberg, Claudia, Lewin, Alexandra M., Lichtner, Peter, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Lindstrom, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lorentzon, Mattias, Luben, Robert, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Mannisto, Satu, Manunta, Paolo, Leach, Irene Mateo, McArdle, Wendy L., Mcknight, Barbara, Mohlke, Karen L., Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Mills, Rebecca, Montasser, May E., Morris, Andrew P., Mueller, Gabriele, Musk, Arthur W., Narisu, Narisu, Ong, Ken K., Oostra, Ben A., Osmond, Clive, Palotie, Aarno, Pankow, James S., Paternoster, Lavinia, Penninx, Brenda W., Pichler, Irene, Pilia, Maria G., Polasek, Ozren, Pramstaller, Peter P., Raitakari, Olli T., Rankinen, Tuomo, Rao, D. C., Rayner, Nigel W., Ribel-Madsen, Rasmus, Rice, Treva K., Richards, Marcus, Ridker, Paul M., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Ryan, Kathy A., Sanna, Serena, Sarzynski, Mark A., Scholtens, Salome, Scott, Robert A., Sebert, Sylvain, Southam, Lorraine, Sparso, Thomas Hempel, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen, Stolk, Ronald P., Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M., Swertz, Morris A., Swift, Amy J., Toenjes, Anke, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, van der Most, Peter J., Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Vandenput, Liesbeth, Vartiainen, Erkki, Venturini, Cristina, Verweij, Niek, Viikari, Jorma S., Vitart, Veronique, Vohl, Marie-Claude, Vonk, Judith M., Waeber, Gerard, Widen, Elisabeth, Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilsgaard, Tom, Winkler, Thomas W., Wright, Alan F., Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M., Zhao, Jing Hua, Zillikens, M. Carola, Boomsma, Dorret I., Bouchard, Claude, Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Cusi, Daniele, Gansevoort, Ron T., Gieger, Christian, Hansen, Torben, Hicks, Andrew A., Hu, Frank, Hveem, Kristian, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Kajantie, Eero, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kuh, Diana, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Lehtimaeki, Terho, Metspalu, Andres, Njolstad, Inger, Ohlsson, Claes, Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Palmer, Lyle J., Pedersen, Oluf, Perola, Markus, Peters, Annette, Psaty, Bruce M., Puolijoki, Hannu, Rauramaa, Rainer, Rudan, Igor, Salomaa, Veikko, Schwarz, Peter E. H., Shudiner, Alan R., Smit, Jan H., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Spector, Timothy D., Stefansson, Kari, Stumvoll, Michael, Tremblay, Angelo, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Uusitupa, Matti, Voelker, Uwe, Vollenweider, Peter, Wareham, Nicholas J., Watkins, Hugh, Wilson, James F., Zeggini, Eleftheria, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Boehnke, Michael, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Fox, Caroline, Groop, Leif C., Heid, Iris M., Hunter, David J., Kaplan, Robert C., McCarthy, Mark I., North, Kari E., O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Schlessinger, David, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Strachan, David P., Frayling, Timothy, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, and Loos, Ruth J. F.
Abstract: Large consortia have revealed hundreds of genetic loci associated with anthropometric traits, one trait at a time. We examined whether genetic variants affect body shape as a composite phenotype that is represented by a combination of anthropometric traits. We developed an approach that calculates averaged PCs (AvPCs) representing body shape derived from six anthropometric traits (body mass index, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio). The first four AvPCs explain >99% of the variability, are heritable, and associate with cardiometabolic outcomes. We performed genome-wide association analyses for each body shape composite phenotype across 65 studies and meta-analysed summary statistics. We identify six novel loci: LEMD2 and CD47 for AvPC1, RPS6KA5/C14orf159 and GANAB for AvPC3, and ARL15 and ANP32 for AvPC4. Our findings highlight the value of using multiple traits to define complex phenotypes for discovery, which are not captured by single-trait analyses, and may shed light onto new pathways.
Published: 2016

3. An interaction between NDE1 and high birth weight increases schizophrenia susceptibility

Author: University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Wegelius, Asko, Pankakoski, Maiju, Tomppo, Liisa, Lehto, Ulriika, Lonnqvist, Jouko, Suvisaari, Jaana, Paunio, Tiina, Hennah, William, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Wegelius, Asko, Pankakoski, Maiju, Tomppo, Liisa, Lehto, Ulriika, Lonnqvist, Jouko, Suvisaari, Jaana, Paunio, Tiina, and Hennah, William
Abstract: Pre- and perinatal environmental factors have been shown to increase schizophrenia risk particularly when combined with genetic liability. The investigation of specific gene environment interactions in the etiology of psychiatric disorders has gained momentum. We used multivariate GEE regression modeling to investigate the interaction between genes of the DISCI pathway and birth weight, in relation to schizophrenia susceptibility in a Finnish schizophrenia family cohort. The study sample consisted of 457 subjects with both genotype and birth weight information. Gender and place of birth were adjusted for in the models. We found a significant interaction between birth weight and two NDE1 markers in relation to increased schizophrenia risk: a four SNP haplotype spanning NDE1 (b = 1.26, SE= 0.5, p = 0.012) and one of its constituent SNPs rs4781678 (b = 1.33, SE = 0.51, p = 0.010). Specifically, high birth weight (> 4000 g) was associated with increased schizophrenia risk among subjects homozygous for the previously identified risk alleles. The study was based on a family study sample with high genetic loading for schizophrenia and thus our findings cannot directly be generalized as representing the general population. Our results suggest that the functions mediated by NDE1 during the early stages of neurodevelopment are susceptible to the additional disruptive effects of pre- and perinatal environmental factors associated with high birth weight, augmenting schizophrenia susceptibility. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Published: 2015

4. Oral health behaviors and bacterial transmission from mother to child

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Miira M Vehkalahti / Principal Investigator, Virtanen, Jorma I., Vehkalahti, Kimmo I., Vehkalahti, Miira M., University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Miira M Vehkalahti / Principal Investigator, Virtanen, Jorma I., Vehkalahti, Kimmo I., and Vehkalahti, Miira M.
Abstract: Background: Health behaviors play a major role in the prevention of the most common oral diseases. To investigate health behaviors related to the potential transmission of oral bacteria from mother to child using novel multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). Methods: Mothers (n = 313) with children under three years attending two municipal child health clinics in Finland completed a self-administered questionnaire on health knowledge and behaviors such as sharing a spoon with their child, kissing on the lips, and the mothers' tooth brushing, smoking, age, and level of education. We used MCA to reveal the relationships between the mothers' behaviors and background factors, along with unconditional, binary, multivariable logistic regression models, odds ratios (OR) and their 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). Results: Of the mothers, 38 % kissed their child on the lips and 14 % shared a spoon with their child; 11 % believed that oral bacteria cannot be transmitted from mother to child. Two-thirds (68 %) of them reported tooth brushing twice daily, and 80 % were non-smokers. MCA revealed two diverging dimensions of the mothers' behaviors: a 'horizontal' one showing clear evidence of relationships between tooth brushing, smoking, age and education, whereas the 'vertical' one revealed the mothers' habits of kissing the child on the lips and sharing a spoon related to each other. Spoon sharing was related to the kissing on lips (OR 10.3), a higher level of education (OR 3.1), and, inversely, older age (OR 0.1), whereas kissing on lips behavior was inversely related to a higher level of education (OR 0.5). Conclusion: The study revealed two diverging dimensions of the mothers' health behaviors. More emphasis in health education ought to be put to how to avoid bacterial transmission from caregiver to child during feeding.
Published: 2015

5. Identification and Functional Characterization of G6PC2 Coding Variants Influencing Glycemic Traits Define an Effector Transcript at the G6PC2-ABCB11 Locus

Author: University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Mahajan, Anubha, Sim, Xueling, Ng, Hui Jin, Manning, Alisa, Rivas, Manuel A., Highland, Heather M., Locke, Adam E., Grarup, Niels, Im, Hae Kyung, Cingolani, Pablo, Flannick, Jason, Fontanillas, Pierre, Fuchsberger, Christian, Gaulton, Kyle J., Teslovich, Tanya M., Rayner, N. William, Robertson, Neil R., Beer, Nicola L., Rundle, Jana K., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Ladenvall, Claes, Blancher, Christine, Buck, David, Buck, Gemma, Burtt, Noel P., Gabriel, Stacey, Gjesing, Anette P., Groves, Christopher J., Hollensted, Mette, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Jackson, Anne U., Jun, Goo, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Mangino, Massimo, Murphy, Jacquelyn, Neville, Matt, Onofrio, Robert, Small, Kerrin S., Stringham, Heather M., Syvanen, Ann-Christine, Trakalo, Joseph, Abecasis, Goncalo, Bell, Graeme I., Blangero, John, Cox, Nancy J., Duggirala, Ravindranath, Hanis, Craig L., Seielstad, Mark, Wilson, James G., Christensen, Cramer, Brandslund, Ivan, Rauramaa, Rainer, Surdulescu, Gabriela L., Doney, Alex S. F., Lannfelt, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Isomaa, Bo, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Jorgensen, Marit E., Jorgensen, Torben, Kuusisto, Johanna, Uusitupa, Matti, Salomaa, Veikko, Spector, Timothy D., Morris, Andrew D., Palmer, Colin N. A., Collins, Francis S., Mohlke, Karen L., Bergman, Richard N., Ingelsson, Erik, Lind, Lars, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Hansen, Torben, Watanabe, Richard M., Prokopenko, Inga, Dupuis, Josee, Karpe, Fredrik, Groop, Leif, Laakso, Markku, Pedersen, Oluf, Florez, Jose C., Morris, Andrew P., Altshuler, David, Meigs, James B., Boehnke, Michael, McCarthy, Mark I., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Gloyn, Anna L., T2D-GENES Consortium, Go T2D Consortium, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Mahajan, Anubha, Sim, Xueling, Ng, Hui Jin, Manning, Alisa, Rivas, Manuel A., Highland, Heather M., Locke, Adam E., Grarup, Niels, Im, Hae Kyung, Cingolani, Pablo, Flannick, Jason, Fontanillas, Pierre, Fuchsberger, Christian, Gaulton, Kyle J., Teslovich, Tanya M., Rayner, N. William, Robertson, Neil R., Beer, Nicola L., Rundle, Jana K., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Ladenvall, Claes, Blancher, Christine, Buck, David, Buck, Gemma, Burtt, Noel P., Gabriel, Stacey, Gjesing, Anette P., Groves, Christopher J., Hollensted, Mette, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Jackson, Anne U., Jun, Goo, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Mangino, Massimo, Murphy, Jacquelyn, Neville, Matt, Onofrio, Robert, Small, Kerrin S., Stringham, Heather M., Syvanen, Ann-Christine, Trakalo, Joseph, Abecasis, Goncalo, Bell, Graeme I., Blangero, John, Cox, Nancy J., Duggirala, Ravindranath, Hanis, Craig L., Seielstad, Mark, Wilson, James G., Christensen, Cramer, Brandslund, Ivan, Rauramaa, Rainer, Surdulescu, Gabriela L., Doney, Alex S. F., Lannfelt, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Isomaa, Bo, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Jorgensen, Marit E., Jorgensen, Torben, Kuusisto, Johanna, Uusitupa, Matti, Salomaa, Veikko, Spector, Timothy D., Morris, Andrew D., Palmer, Colin N. A., Collins, Francis S., Mohlke, Karen L., Bergman, Richard N., Ingelsson, Erik, Lind, Lars, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Hansen, Torben, Watanabe, Richard M., Prokopenko, Inga, Dupuis, Josee, Karpe, Fredrik, Groop, Leif, Laakso, Markku, Pedersen, Oluf, Florez, Jose C., Morris, Andrew P., Altshuler, David, Meigs, James B., Boehnke, Michael, McCarthy, Mark I., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Gloyn, Anna L., T2D-GENES Consortium, and Go T2D Consortium
Published: 2015

6. Vestiges of an Ancient Border in the Contemporary Genetic Diversity of North-Eastern Europe

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Neuvonen, Anu M., Putkonen, Mikko Tapani, Oversti, Sanni, Sundell, Tarja, Onkamo, Päivi, Sajantila, Antti, Palo, Jukka U., University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Neuvonen, Anu M., Putkonen, Mikko Tapani, Oversti, Sanni, Sundell, Tarja, Onkamo, Päivi, Sajantila, Antti, and Palo, Jukka U.
Abstract: It has previously been demonstrated that the advance of the Neolithic Revolution from the Near East through Europe was decelerated in the northernmost confines of the continent, possibly as a result of space and resource competition with lingering Mesolithic populations. Finland was among the last domains to adopt a farming lifestyle, and is characterized by substructuring in the form of a distinct genetic border dividing the northeastern and southwestern regions of the country. To explore the origins of this divergence, the geographical patterns of mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal haplogroups of Neolithic and Mesolithic ancestry were assessed in Finnish populations. The distribution of these uniparental markers revealed a northeastern bias for hunter-gatherer haplogroups, while haplogroups associated with the farming lifestyle clustered in the southwest. In addition, a correlation could be observed between more ancient mitochondrial haplogroup age and eastern concentration. These results coupled with prior archeological evidence suggest the genetic northeast/southwest division observed in contemporary Finland represents an ancient vestigial border between Mesolithic and Neolithic populations undetectable in most other regions of Europe.
Published: 2015

7. Collaborative knowledge construction in the context of problem-based learning : Exploring learning from conflicting ideas and knowledge

Author: Helsingin yliopisto, käyttäytymistieteellinen tiedekunta, käyttäytymistieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, beteendevetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för beteendevetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Centre for Research and Development of Higher Education, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Research and Development Unit for Medical Education, Aarnio, Matti, Helsingin yliopisto, käyttäytymistieteellinen tiedekunta, käyttäytymistieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, beteendevetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för beteendevetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Centre for Research and Development of Higher Education, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Research and Development Unit for Medical Education, and Aarnio, Matti
Abstract: Today's medical education faces the challenge of developing students competencies to resolve ever more complex problems in collaboration with other professionals. Problem-based learning (PBL) has proven useful for developing many of the competencies needed in modern healthcare. In PBL students collaboratively construct knowledge to explain and solve problems related to real-life situations. In such knowledge construction, dealing with conflicting ideas and knowledge has the potential to enhance student learning while also developing teamwork and critical thinking, skills that are central to multi-professional healthcare teams. The studies that make up the present doctoral thesis explored how students deal with conflicts on knowledge and how they are facilitated to handle such conflicts in PBL tutorial discussions. In addition, the thesis focuses on how to help students learn teamwork skills and critical thinking. Study I examined how to teach teamwork skills to first-year medical students and how to motivate them to learn these skills. The teamwork skills focused on verbal communication in PBL tutorial sessions and in healthcare teams. Feedback on the teamwork skills module from three consecutive classes of first-year students was analysed. Students motivation to learn teamwork skills increased significantly when the introduction to the topic was improved by more clearly pointing out the clinical relevance of such skills. Study II focused on how conflicts on knowledge were dealt with in PBL tutorial group discussions. Four video-recorded tutorial sessions including 33 first-year medical and dental students were analysed. Conflicts on knowledge were found to be relatively rare and generally fairly brief. This was due to a lack of collaborative and thorough argumentation, as well as a lack of questions that would elicit elaboration on the issues. Study III examined tutor facilitation during tutorial discussions, and particularly how the facilitation helped students to, Nykypäivän lääketieteen koulutuksella on haastava tehtävä kehittää opiskelijoiden valmiuksia ratkaista entistä monimutkaisempia ongelmia yhteistyössä muiden alojen ammattilaisten kanssa. Ongelmalähtöinen oppiminen (PBL) on osoittautunut toimivaksi opetusmenetelmäksi kehittää monia nykyajan terveydenhuollossa vaadittavia taitoja. Ongelmalähtöisessä oppimisessa opiskelijat rakentavat yhdessä tietoa, jolla selitetään ja ratkaistaan tosielämän tilanteita jäljitteleviä ongelmatapauksia. Ristiriitaisten ideoiden ja tiedon käsittely tiedonrakentamisprosessin aikana tarjoaa mahdollisuuden sekä edistää opiskelijoiden oppimista että tiimityötaitoja ja kriittistä ajattelua, jotka ovat keskeisiä taitoja moniammatillisissa hoitotiimeissä. Tämän väitöskirjan osatutkimukset keskittyivät tarkastelemaan sitä, miten opiskelijat käsittelevät tiedollisia ristiriitoja ja sitä, miten heitä tuettiin käsittelemään tiedollisia ristiriitoja PBL-ryhmäistunnoissa. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin, miten voidaan auttaa opiskelijoita oppimaan yhteisöllisessä tiedonrakentamisessa tarvittavia tiimityö- ja kriittisen ajattelun taitoja. Osatutkimus I tarkasteli tiimityötaitojen opettamista ensimmäisen vuoden lääketieteen opiskelijoille ja sitä, miten heitä voi motivoida oppimaan näitä taitoja. Tiimityötaitojen opetus keskittyi kielelliseen vuorovaikutukseen PBL-ryhmäistunnoissa sekä hoitotiimeissä. Tiimityöopetusta koskeva opiskelijapalaute ensimmäisen vuoden vuosikurssilta analysoitiin kolmena peräkkäisenä vuotena. Opiskelijoiden motivaatio oppia tiimityötaitoja lisääntyi merkittävästi sen jälkeen, kun aiheen esittelyä kehitettiin osoittamalla selkeämmin tiimityötaitojen kliininen merkitys. Osatutkimus II tutki sitä, miten opiskelijat käsittelivät tiedollisia ristiriitoja PBL-ryhmäistuntojen keskusteluissa. Tutkimuksessa analysoitiin neljän ryhmäistunnon videotallennetut keskustelut, joihin osallistui yhteensä 33 lääketieteen ja hammaslääketieteen opiskelijaa. Tilanteet, joissa tiedollisia ristiriitoja käsite
Published: 2015

8. Family-based Bayesian collapsing method for rare-variant association study

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, He, Liang, Pitkäniemi, Janne Mikael, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, He, Liang, and Pitkäniemi, Janne Mikael
Abstract: In this study, we analyze the Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 data to identify the genes and underlying single-nucleotide polymorphisms on 11 chromosomes that exhibit significant association with systolic blood pressure. We propose a novel family-based method for rare-variant association detection based on the hierarchical Bayesian framework. The method controls spurious associations caused by population stratification, and improves the statistical power to detect not only individual rare variants, but also genes with either continuous or binary outcomes. Our method utilizes nuclear family information, and takes into account the effects of all single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a gene, using a hierarchical model. When we apply this method to the genome-wide Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 data, several genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms are identified as potentially related to systolic blood pressure.
Published: 2014

9. Poor sleep predicts symptoms of depression and disability retirement due to depression

Author: University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Paunio, Tiina, Korhonen, Tellervo, Hublin, Christer, Partinen, Markku, Harkonmäki, Karoliina, Koskenvuo, Markku, Kaprio, Jaakko, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Paunio, Tiina, Korhonen, Tellervo, Hublin, Christer, Partinen, Markku, Harkonmäki, Karoliina, Koskenvuo, Markku, and Kaprio, Jaakko
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Disturbed sleep is associated with mood disorders. Both depression and insomnia may increase the risk of disability retirement. The longitudinal links among insomnia, depression and work incapacity are poorly known. METHODS: We examined association of self-reported sleep quality with incident symptoms of depression and disability retirement due to depressive disorders in a longitudinal population-based sample of twins (n=12,063 individuals). These adults were categorized by their sleep quality in 1975 and 1981, excluding individuals with depressed mood in 1975/1981. The outcomes were the Beck Depression Inventory (BDItot) and its subscale Negative Attitudes Towards Self (BDINATS) in 1990 as dichotomized measures, and the incidence of disability retirement due to depressive disorder during 1991-2004. RESULTS: Onset of poor sleep between 1975 and 1981 predicted incident depression (BDItot OR=4.5, 95% CI: 2.7-7.4, BDINATS OR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.4-2.7), while persistent poor sleep showed somewhat weaker effects (BDItot; OR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.0-6.0, BDINATS OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.3). Among those with few recent stressful life events, onset of poor sleep predicted strongly depression (BDINATS OR=9.5, 95% CI: 3.7-24.2). Likewise onset of poor sleep by 1981 increased the risk of disability retirement due to depression (OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.8-4.9) with a similar risk among those with persistent poor sleep (OR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.3-5.7). LIMITATIONS: Lack of baseline diagnostic interviews; sleep quality based on self-report. CONCLUSIONS: Poor sleep is of importance in etiology of depression and disability retirement due to depression. This emphasizes the importance of early detection and treatment of sleep disturbances.
Published: 2014

10. Harmonization of Neuroticism and Extraversion phenotypes across inventories and cohorts in the Genetics of Personality Consortium

Author: University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Clinicum, van den Berg, Stephanie M., de Moor, Marleen H. M., McGue, Matt, Pettersson, Erik, Terracciano, Antonio, Verweij, Karin J. H., Amin, Najaf, Derringer, Jaime, Esko, Tonu, van Grootheest, Gerard, Hansell, Narelle K., Huffman, Jennifer, Konte, Bettina, Lahti, Jari, Luciano, Michelle, Matteson, Lindsay K., Viktorin, Alexander, Wouda, Jasper, Agrawal, Arpana, Allik, Jueri, Bierut, Laura, Broms, Ulla, Campbell, Harry, Smith, George Davey, Eriksson, Johan G., Ferrucci, Luigi, Franke, Barbera, Fox, Jean-Paul, de Geus, Eco J. C., Giegling, Ina, Gow, Alan J., Grucza, Richard, Hartmann, Annette M., Heath, Andrew C., Heikkilä, Kauko, Iacono, William G., Janzing, Joost, Jokela, Markus, Kiemeney, Lambertus, Lehtimaki, Terho, Madden, Pamela A. F., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Northstone, Kate, Nutile, Teresa, Ouwens, Klaasjan G., Palotie, Aarno, Pattie, Alison, Pesonen, Anu-Katriina, Polasek, Ozren, Pulkkinen, Lea, Pulkki-Raback, Laura, Raitakari, Olli T., Realo, Anu, Rose, Richard J., Ruggiero, Daniela, Seppala, Ilkka, Slutske, Wendy S., Smyth, David C., Sorice, Rossella, Starr, John M., Sutin, Angelina R., Tanaka, Toshiko, Verhagen, Josine, Vermeulen, Sita, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Widen, Elisabeth, Willemsen, Gonneke, Wright, Margaret J., Zgaga, Lina, Rujescu, Dan, Metspalu, Andres, Wilson, James F., Ciullo, Marina, Hayward, Caroline, Rudan, Igor, Deary, Ian J., Räikkönen, Katri, Vasquez, Alejandro Arias, Costa, Paul T., Keltikangas-Jarvinen, Liisa, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Krueger, Robert F., Evans, David M., Kaprio, Jaakko, Pedersen, Nancy L., Martin, Nicholas G., Boomsma, Dorret I., University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Clinicum, van den Berg, Stephanie M., de Moor, Marleen H. M., McGue, Matt, Pettersson, Erik, Terracciano, Antonio, Verweij, Karin J. H., Amin, Najaf, Derringer, Jaime, Esko, Tonu, van Grootheest, Gerard, Hansell, Narelle K., Huffman, Jennifer, Konte, Bettina, Lahti, Jari, Luciano, Michelle, Matteson, Lindsay K., Viktorin, Alexander, Wouda, Jasper, Agrawal, Arpana, Allik, Jueri, Bierut, Laura, Broms, Ulla, Campbell, Harry, Smith, George Davey, Eriksson, Johan G., Ferrucci, Luigi, Franke, Barbera, Fox, Jean-Paul, de Geus, Eco J. C., Giegling, Ina, Gow, Alan J., Grucza, Richard, Hartmann, Annette M., Heath, Andrew C., Heikkilä, Kauko, Iacono, William G., Janzing, Joost, Jokela, Markus, Kiemeney, Lambertus, Lehtimaki, Terho, Madden, Pamela A. F., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Northstone, Kate, Nutile, Teresa, Ouwens, Klaasjan G., Palotie, Aarno, Pattie, Alison, Pesonen, Anu-Katriina, Polasek, Ozren, Pulkkinen, Lea, Pulkki-Raback, Laura, Raitakari, Olli T., Realo, Anu, Rose, Richard J., Ruggiero, Daniela, Seppala, Ilkka, Slutske, Wendy S., Smyth, David C., Sorice, Rossella, Starr, John M., Sutin, Angelina R., Tanaka, Toshiko, Verhagen, Josine, Vermeulen, Sita, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Widen, Elisabeth, Willemsen, Gonneke, Wright, Margaret J., Zgaga, Lina, Rujescu, Dan, Metspalu, Andres, Wilson, James F., Ciullo, Marina, Hayward, Caroline, Rudan, Igor, Deary, Ian J., Räikkönen, Katri, Vasquez, Alejandro Arias, Costa, Paul T., Keltikangas-Jarvinen, Liisa, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Krueger, Robert F., Evans, David M., Kaprio, Jaakko, Pedersen, Nancy L., Martin, Nicholas G., and Boomsma, Dorret I.
Published: 2014

11. Towards a Molecular Systems Model of Coronary Artery Disease

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Abraham, Gad, Bhalala, Oneil G., de Bakker, Paul I. W., Ripatti, Samuli, Inouye, Michael, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Abraham, Gad, Bhalala, Oneil G., de Bakker, Paul I. W., Ripatti, Samuli, and Inouye, Michael
Published: 2014

12. Factors behind Leisure-Time Physical Activity Behavior Based on Finnish Twin Studies

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Aaltonen, Sari, Kujala, Urho M., Kaprio, Jaakko, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Aaltonen, Sari, Kujala, Urho M., and Kaprio, Jaakko
Published: 2014

13. Time trends in single versus concomitant neck and back pain in finnish adolescents

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Ståhl, Minna Kristiina, El-Metwally, Ashraf Abdel Salam, Rimpela, Arja Hannele, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Ståhl, Minna Kristiina, El-Metwally, Ashraf Abdel Salam, and Rimpela, Arja Hannele
Published: 2014

14. Countrywise results of total hip replacement An analysis of 438,733 hips based on the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association database

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Makela, Keijo T., Matilainen, Markus, Pulkkinen, Pekka, Fenstad, Anne M., Havelin, Leif I., Engesaeter, Lars, Furnes, Ove, Overgaard, Soren, Pedersen, Alma B., Kaerrholm, Johan, Malchau, Henrik, Garellick, Goeran, Ranstam, Jonas, Eskelinen, Antti, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Makela, Keijo T., Matilainen, Markus, Pulkkinen, Pekka, Fenstad, Anne M., Havelin, Leif I., Engesaeter, Lars, Furnes, Ove, Overgaard, Soren, Pedersen, Alma B., Kaerrholm, Johan, Malchau, Henrik, Garellick, Goeran, Ranstam, Jonas, and Eskelinen, Antti
Published: 2014

15. Primary care nurses' awareness of and willingness to perform children's oral health care

Author: University of Helsinki, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Rabiei, Sepideh, Mohebbi, Simin Z., Yazdani, Reza, Virtanen, Jorma I., University of Helsinki, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Rabiei, Sepideh, Mohebbi, Simin Z., Yazdani, Reza, and Virtanen, Jorma I.
Published: 2014

16. Co-morbidities are the key nominators of the health related quality of life in mild and moderate COPD

Author: University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Koskela, Jukka, Kilpeläinen, Maritta, Kupiainen, Henna Elina, Mazur, Witold, Sintonen, Harri, Boezen, Marike, Lindqvist, Ari, Postma, Dirkje, Laitinen, Tarja Helena, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Koskela, Jukka, Kilpeläinen, Maritta, Kupiainen, Henna Elina, Mazur, Witold, Sintonen, Harri, Boezen, Marike, Lindqvist, Ari, Postma, Dirkje, and Laitinen, Tarja Helena
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Co-morbidities are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed the contribution of common co-morbidities on health related quality of life (HRQoL) among COPD patients. METHODS: Using both generic (15D) and respiratory-specific (AQ20) instruments, HRQoL was assessed in a hospital based COPD population (N = 739, 64% males, mean age 64 years, SD 7 years) in this observational study with inferential analysis. The prevalence of their co-morbidities was compared with those of 5000 population controls. The patients represented all severity stages of COPD and the patterns of common concomitant disorders differed between patients. RESULTS: Co-morbidities such as psychiatric conditions, alcohol abuse, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes were more common among COPD patients than in age and gender matched controls. Psychiatric conditions and alcohol abuse were the strongest determinants of HRQoL in COPD and could be detected by both 15D (Odds Ratio 4.7 and 2.3 respectively) and AQ20 (OR 2.0 and 3.0) instruments. Compared to respiratory specific AQ20, generic 15D was more sensitive to the effects of comorbidities while AQ20 was slightly more sensitive for the low FEV1. FEV1 was a strong determinant of HRQoL only at more severe stages of disease (FEV1 < 40% of predicted). Poor HRQoL also predicted death during the next five years. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that co-morbidities may impair HRQoL at an early stage of the disease, while bronchial obstruction becomes a significant determinant of HRQoL only in severe COPD.
Published: 2014

17. Increased risk of revision in patients with non-traumatic femoral head necrosis

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Bergh, Camilla, Fenstad, Ann M., Furnes, Ove, Garellick, Goran, Havelin, Leif I., Overgaard, Soren, Pedersen, Alma B., Makela, Keijo T., Pulkkinen, Pekka, Mohaddes, Maziar, Karrholm, Johan, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Bergh, Camilla, Fenstad, Ann M., Furnes, Ove, Garellick, Goran, Havelin, Leif I., Overgaard, Soren, Pedersen, Alma B., Makela, Keijo T., Pulkkinen, Pekka, Mohaddes, Maziar, and Karrholm, Johan
Published: 2014

18. Assessing the Effect of Treatment Duration on the Association between Anti-Diabetic Medication and Cancer Risk

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, But, Anna, Wang, Haining, Mannisto, Satu, Pukkala, Eero, Haukka, Jari, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, But, Anna, Wang, Haining, Mannisto, Satu, Pukkala, Eero, and Haukka, Jari
Published: 2014

19. Biomarker Profiling by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Prediction of All-Cause Mortality: An Observational Study of 17,345 Persons

Author: University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Fischer, Krista, Kettunen, Johannes, Wurtz, Peter, Haller, Toomas, Havulinna, Aki S., Kangas, Antti J., Soininen, Pasi, Esko, Tonu, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Maegi, Reedik, Smit, Steven, Palotie, Aarno, Ripatti, Samuli, Salomaa, Veikko, Ala-Korpela, Mika, Perola, Markus, Metspalu, Andres, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Fischer, Krista, Kettunen, Johannes, Wurtz, Peter, Haller, Toomas, Havulinna, Aki S., Kangas, Antti J., Soininen, Pasi, Esko, Tonu, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Maegi, Reedik, Smit, Steven, Palotie, Aarno, Ripatti, Samuli, Salomaa, Veikko, Ala-Korpela, Mika, Perola, Markus, and Metspalu, Andres
Published: 2014

20. Low Density Lipoprotein-Containing Circulating Immune Complexes

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Sobenin, Igor A., Salonen, Jukka T., Zhelankin, Andrey V., Melnichenko, Alexandra A., Kaikkonen, Jari, Bobryshev, Yuri V., Orekhov, Alexander N., University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Sobenin, Igor A., Salonen, Jukka T., Zhelankin, Andrey V., Melnichenko, Alexandra A., Kaikkonen, Jari, Bobryshev, Yuri V., and Orekhov, Alexander N.
Published: 2014

21. Meta-analysis of type 2 Diabetes in African Americans Consortium

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Ng, Maggie C.Y., Shriner, Daniel, Chen, Brian H., Li, Jiang, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Groop, Leif, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Ng, Maggie C.Y., Shriner, Daniel, Chen, Brian H., Li, Jiang, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Groop, Leif, and Tuomi, Tiinamaija
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent in African Americans than in Europeans. However, little is known about the genetic risk in African Americans despite the recent identification of more than 70 T2D loci primarily by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry. In order to investigate the genetic architecture of T2D in African Americans, the MEta-analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans (MEDIA) Consortium examined 17 GWAS on T2D comprising 8,284 cases and 15,543 controls in African Americans in stage 1 analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) association analysis was conducted in each study under the additive model after adjustment for age, sex, study site, and principal components. Meta-analysis of approximately 2.6 million genotyped and imputed SNPs in all studies was conducted using an inverse variance-weighted fixed effect model. Replications were performed to follow up 21 loci in up to 6,061 cases and 5,483 controls in African Americans, and 8,130 cases and 38,987 controls of European ancestry. We identified three known loci (TCF7L2, HMGA2 and KCNQ1) and two novel loci (HLA-B and INS-IGF2) at genome-wide significance (4.15 × 10(-94)
Published: 2014

22. CCL2 enhances pluripotency of human induced pluripotent stem cells by activating hypoxia related genes

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Hasegawa, Yuki, Tang, Dave, Takahashi, Naoko, Hayashizaki, Yoshihide, Forrest, Alistair R. R., Suzuki, Harukazu, FANTOM Consortium, Sajantila, Antti, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Hasegawa, Yuki, Tang, Dave, Takahashi, Naoko, Hayashizaki, Yoshihide, Forrest, Alistair R. R., Suzuki, Harukazu, FANTOM Consortium, and Sajantila, Antti
Published: 2014

23. Regularized Machine Learning in the Genetic Prediction of Complex Traits

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Okser, Sebastian, Pahikkala, Tapio, Airola, Antti, Salakoski, Tapio, Ripatti, Samuli, Aittokallio, Tero, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Okser, Sebastian, Pahikkala, Tapio, Airola, Antti, Salakoski, Tapio, Ripatti, Samuli, and Aittokallio, Tero
Published: 2014

24. Editors' pick: milk sugar, migration and pastoralism in Africa

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Sajantila, Antti, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, and Sajantila, Antti
Published: 2014

25. Inflows of foreign-born physicians and their access to employment and work experiences in health care in Finland

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Kuusio, Hannamaria, Lamsa, Riikka, Aalto, Anna-Mari, Manderbacka, Kristiina, Keskimaki, Ilmo, Elovainio, Marko, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Kuusio, Hannamaria, Lamsa, Riikka, Aalto, Anna-Mari, Manderbacka, Kristiina, Keskimaki, Ilmo, and Elovainio, Marko
Published: 2014

26. Varying ethics rules in clinical research and routine patient care - research ethics committee chairpersons' views in Finland

Author: University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health (-2009), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Hemminki, Elina, Virtanen, Jorma I., Veerus, Piret, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health (-2009), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Hemminki, Elina, Virtanen, Jorma I., and Veerus, Piret
Published: 2014

27. The Challenges of Genome-Wide Interaction Studies

Author: University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M., Smouter, Francoise A. S., Kam-Thong, Tony, Karbalai, Nazanin, Smith, Albert V., Harris, Tamara B., Launer, Lenore J., Sitlani, Colleen M., Li, Guo, Brody, Jennifer A., Bis, Joshua C., White, Charles C., Jaiswal, Alok, Oostra, Ben A., Hofman, Albert, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Boerwinkle, Eric, Ballantyne, Christie M., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Psaty, Bruce M., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Jaervelin, Marjo-Riitta, Ripatti, Samuli, Isaacs, Aaron, Mueller-Myhsok, Bertram, Karssen, Lennart C., van Duijn, Cornelia M., University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M., Smouter, Francoise A. S., Kam-Thong, Tony, Karbalai, Nazanin, Smith, Albert V., Harris, Tamara B., Launer, Lenore J., Sitlani, Colleen M., Li, Guo, Brody, Jennifer A., Bis, Joshua C., White, Charles C., Jaiswal, Alok, Oostra, Ben A., Hofman, Albert, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Boerwinkle, Eric, Ballantyne, Christie M., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Psaty, Bruce M., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Jaervelin, Marjo-Riitta, Ripatti, Samuli, Isaacs, Aaron, Mueller-Myhsok, Bertram, Karssen, Lennart C., and van Duijn, Cornelia M.
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed 74 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) blood levels. This study is, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide interaction study (GWIS) to identify SNP×SNP interactions associated with HDL levels. We performed a GWIS in the Rotterdam Study (RS) cohort I (RS-I) using the GLIDE tool which leverages the massively parallel computing power of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to perform linear regression on all genome-wide pairs of SNPs. By performing a meta-analysis together with Rotterdam Study cohorts II and III (RS-II and RS-III), we were able to filter 181 interaction terms with a p-value<1 · 10-8 that replicated in the two independent cohorts. We were not able to replicate any of these interaction term in the AGES, ARIC, CHS, ERF, FHS and NFBC-66 cohorts (Ntotal = 30,011) when adjusting for multiple testing. Our GWIS resulted in the consistent finding of a possible interaction between rs774801 in ARMC8 (ENSG00000114098) and rs12442098 in SPATA8 (ENSG00000185594) being associated with HDL levels. However, p-values do not reach the preset Bonferroni correction of the p-values. Our study suggest that even for highly genetically determined traits such as HDL the sample sizes needed to detect SNP×SNP interactions are large and the 2-step filtering approaches do not yield a solution. Here we present our analysis plan and our reservations concerning GWIS.
Published: 2014

28. Leisure-time physical activity and all-cause mortality

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Lahti, Jouni, Holstila, Ansku, Lahelma, Eero, Rahkonen, Ossi, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Lahti, Jouni, Holstila, Ansku, Lahelma, Eero, and Rahkonen, Ossi
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is a major public health problem associated with increased mortality risk. It is, however, poorly understood whether vigorous physical activity is more beneficial for reducing mortality risk than activities of lower intensity. The aim of this study was to examine associations of the intensity and volume of leisure-time physical activity with all-cause mortality among middle-aged women and men while considering sociodemographic and health related factors as covariates. METHODS: Questionnaire survey data collected in 2000-02 among 40-60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki (N = 8960) were linked with register data on mortality (74% gave permission to the linkage) providing a mean follow-up time of 12-years. The analysis included 6429 respondents (79% women). The participants were classified into three groups according to intensity of physical activity: low moderate, high moderate and vigorous. The volume of physical activity was classified into three groups according to tertiles. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality. RESULTS: During the follow up 205 participants died. Leisure-time physical activity was associated with reduced risk of mortality. After adjusting for covariates the vigorous group (HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.34-0.86) showed a reduced risk of mortality compared with the low moderate group whereas for the high moderate group the reductions in mortality risk (HR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.48-1.08) were less clear. Adjusting for the volume of physical activity did not affect the point estimates. Higher volume of leisure-time physical activity was also associated with reduced mortality risk; however, adjusting for the covariates and the intensity of physical activity explained the differences. CONCLUSIONS: For healthy middle-aged women and men who engage in some physical activity vigorous exercise may provide further health benefits preventing premature
Published: 2014

29. Job Strain and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 95 000 Men and Women

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Heikkila, Katriina, Madsen, Ida E. H., Nyberg, Solja T., Fransson, Eleonor I., Ahola, Kirsi, Alfredsson, Lars, Bjorner, Jakob B., Borritz, Marianne, Burr, Hermann, Dragano, Nico, Ferrie, Jane E., Knutsson, Anders, Koskenvuo, Markku, Koskinen, Aki, Nielsen, Martin L., Nordin, Maria, Pejtersen, Jan H., Pentti, Jaana, Rugulies, Reiner, Oksanen, Tuula, Shipley, Martin J., Suominen, Sakari B., Theorell, Tores, Vaananen, Ari, Vahtera, Jussi, Virtanen, Marianna, Westerlund, Hugo, Westerholm, Peter J. M., Batty, G. David, Singh-Manoux, Archana, Kivimaki, Mika, IPD-Work Consortium, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Heikkila, Katriina, Madsen, Ida E. H., Nyberg, Solja T., Fransson, Eleonor I., Ahola, Kirsi, Alfredsson, Lars, Bjorner, Jakob B., Borritz, Marianne, Burr, Hermann, Dragano, Nico, Ferrie, Jane E., Knutsson, Anders, Koskenvuo, Markku, Koskinen, Aki, Nielsen, Martin L., Nordin, Maria, Pejtersen, Jan H., Pentti, Jaana, Rugulies, Reiner, Oksanen, Tuula, Shipley, Martin J., Suominen, Sakari B., Theorell, Tores, Vaananen, Ari, Vahtera, Jussi, Virtanen, Marianna, Westerlund, Hugo, Westerholm, Peter J. M., Batty, G. David, Singh-Manoux, Archana, Kivimaki, Mika, and IPD-Work Consortium
Published: 2014

30. Chromosome X-Wide Association Study Identifies Loci for Fasting Insulin and Height and Evidence for Incomplete Dosage Compensation

Author: University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Tukiainen, Taru, Pirinen, Matti, Sarin, Antti-Pekka, Ladenvall, Claes, Kettunen, Johannes, Lehtimaeki, Terho, Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Perola, Markus, Sinisalo, Juha, Vlachopoulou, Efthymia, Eriksson, Johan G., Groop, Leif, Jula, Antti, Jaervelin, Marjo-Riitta, Raitakari, Olli T., Salomaa, Veikko, Ripatti, Samuli, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Tukiainen, Taru, Pirinen, Matti, Sarin, Antti-Pekka, Ladenvall, Claes, Kettunen, Johannes, Lehtimaeki, Terho, Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Perola, Markus, Sinisalo, Juha, Vlachopoulou, Efthymia, Eriksson, Johan G., Groop, Leif, Jula, Antti, Jaervelin, Marjo-Riitta, Raitakari, Olli T., Salomaa, Veikko, and Ripatti, Samuli
Published: 2014

31. Clinical use of placebo treatments may undermine the trust of patients

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Louhiala, Pekka, Hemila, Harri, Puustinen, Raimo, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Louhiala, Pekka, Hemila, Harri, and Puustinen, Raimo
Abstract: There is an obvious need for a critical discussion of the concepts ‘placebo’ and ‘placebo effect’. In a recent paper on the use of placebos in clinical medicine, Gold and Lichtenberg note the conceptual difficulties but use the terminology in a confused way throughout their paper. In our response, we demonstrate these problems with a few examples from their paper.
Published: 2014

32. Can CAM treatments be evidence-based?

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Louhiala, Pekka, Hemilä, Harri, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Louhiala, Pekka, and Hemilä, Harri
Abstract: In this article, we first take a critical look at the definitions of evidence-based medicine (EBM) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). We then explore the question of whether there can be evidence-based forms of CAM. With the help of three examples, we show that EBM and CAM are not opposites, but rather concepts pointing at different dimensions. Each of the three examples is an evidence-based treatment according to three to five randomised, double-blind placebo controlled trials with consistent findings and narrow pooled confidence intervals. The most reasonable interpretation for the existence of evidence-based CAM treatments seems to be that the opposite of CAM is ‘mainstream medicine’, and the demarcation line between CAM and mainstream medicine is not simply defined by the question of whether a treatment works or not. Some effective treatments may belong to the CAM domain for historical reasons and because of preconceptions within mainstream medicine. Therefore, some treatments that currently lie outside mainstream medicine can be evidence-based.
Published: 2014

33. Longitudinal, genome-scale analysis of DNA methylation in twins from birth to 18 months of age reveals rapid epigenetic change in early life and pair-specific effects of discordance

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Martino, David, Loke, Yuk Jin, Gordon, Lavinia, Ollikainen, Miina, Cruickshank, Mark N., Saffery, Richard, Craig, Jeffrey M., University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Martino, David, Loke, Yuk Jin, Gordon, Lavinia, Ollikainen, Miina, Cruickshank, Mark N., Saffery, Richard, and Craig, Jeffrey M.
Published: 2013

34. The Molecular Genetic Architecture of Self-Employment

Author: University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, van der Loos, Matthijs J. H. M., Rietveld, Cornelius A., Eklund, Niina, Koellinger, Philipp D., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Ankra-Badu, Georgina A., Baumeister, Sebastian E., Benjamin, Daniel J., Biffar, Reiner, Blankenberg, Stefan, Boomsma, Dorret I., Cesarini, David, Cucca, Francesco, de Geus, Eco J. C., Dedoussis, George, Deloukas, Panos, Dimitriou, Maria, Eiriksdottir, Guony, Eriksson, Johan, Gieger, Christian, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hoehne, Birgit, Holle, Rolf, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Isaacs, Aaron, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Johannesson, Magnus, Kaakinen, Marika, Kahonen, Mika, Kanoni, Stavroula, Laaksonen, Maarit A., Lahti, Jari, Launer, Lenore J., Lehtimaki, Terho, Loitfelder, Marisa, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Naitza, Silvia, Oostra, Ben A., Perola, Markus, Petrovic, Katja, Quaye, Lydia, Raitakari, Olli, Ripatti, Samuli, Scheet, Paul, Schlessinger, David, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schmidt, Helena, Schmidt, Reinhold, Senft, Andrea, Smith, Albert V., Spector, Timothy D., Surakka, Ida, Svento, Rauli, Terracciano, Antonio, Tikkanen, Emmi, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Viikari, Jorma, Voelzke, Henry, Wichmann, H. -Erich, Wild, Philipp S., Willems, Sara M., Willemsen, Gonneke, van Rooij, Frank J. A., Groenen, Patrick J. F., Uitterlinden, Andre G., Hofman, Albert, Thurik, A. Roy, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, van der Loos, Matthijs J. H. M., Rietveld, Cornelius A., Eklund, Niina, Koellinger, Philipp D., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Ankra-Badu, Georgina A., Baumeister, Sebastian E., Benjamin, Daniel J., Biffar, Reiner, Blankenberg, Stefan, Boomsma, Dorret I., Cesarini, David, Cucca, Francesco, de Geus, Eco J. C., Dedoussis, George, Deloukas, Panos, Dimitriou, Maria, Eiriksdottir, Guony, Eriksson, Johan, Gieger, Christian, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hoehne, Birgit, Holle, Rolf, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Isaacs, Aaron, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Johannesson, Magnus, Kaakinen, Marika, Kahonen, Mika, Kanoni, Stavroula, Laaksonen, Maarit A., Lahti, Jari, Launer, Lenore J., Lehtimaki, Terho, Loitfelder, Marisa, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Naitza, Silvia, Oostra, Ben A., Perola, Markus, Petrovic, Katja, Quaye, Lydia, Raitakari, Olli, Ripatti, Samuli, Scheet, Paul, Schlessinger, David, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schmidt, Helena, Schmidt, Reinhold, Senft, Andrea, Smith, Albert V., Spector, Timothy D., Surakka, Ida, Svento, Rauli, Terracciano, Antonio, Tikkanen, Emmi, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Viikari, Jorma, Voelzke, Henry, Wichmann, H. -Erich, Wild, Philipp S., Willems, Sara M., Willemsen, Gonneke, van Rooij, Frank J. A., Groenen, Patrick J. F., Uitterlinden, Andre G., Hofman, Albert, and Thurik, A. Roy
Published: 2013

35. Do computer use, TV viewing, and the presence of the media in the bedroom predict school-aged children's sleep habits in a longitudinal study?

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Nuutinen, Teija, Ray, Carola, Roos, Eva, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Nuutinen, Teija, Ray, Carola, and Roos, Eva
Published: 2013

36. Obesity and Occupational Injury

Author: University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Psychology (-2009), Kouvonen, Anne, Kivimaki, Mika, Oksanen, Tuula, Pentti, Jaana, De Vogli, Roberto, Virtanen, Marianna, Vahtera, Jussi, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Psychology (-2009), Kouvonen, Anne, Kivimaki, Mika, Oksanen, Tuula, Pentti, Jaana, De Vogli, Roberto, Virtanen, Marianna, and Vahtera, Jussi
Published: 2013

37. Early Life Stress and Physical and Psychosocial Functioning in Late Adulthood

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Alastalo, Hanna, von Bonsdorff, Mikaela B., Räikkönen, Katri, Pesonen, Anu-Katriina, Osmond, Clive, Barker, David J. P., Heinonen, Kati, Kajantie, Eero, Eriksson, Johan G., University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Alastalo, Hanna, von Bonsdorff, Mikaela B., Räikkönen, Katri, Pesonen, Anu-Katriina, Osmond, Clive, Barker, David J. P., Heinonen, Kati, Kajantie, Eero, and Eriksson, Johan G.
Published: 2013

38. Effect of femoral head size on risk of revision for dislocation after total hip arthroplasty A population-based analysis of 42,379 primary procedures from the Finnish Arthroplasty Register

Author: University of Helsinki, I kirurgian klinikka (Töölö), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Kostensalo, Inari, Junnila, Mika, Virolainen, Petri, Remes, Ville, Matilainen, Markus, Vahlberg, Tero, Pulkkinen, Pekka, Eskelinen, Antti, Makela, Keijo T., University of Helsinki, I kirurgian klinikka (Töölö), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Kostensalo, Inari, Junnila, Mika, Virolainen, Petri, Remes, Ville, Matilainen, Markus, Vahlberg, Tero, Pulkkinen, Pekka, Eskelinen, Antti, and Makela, Keijo T.
Published: 2013

39. The Role of Adiposity in Cardiometabolic Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Author: University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, Fall, Tove, Hagg, Sara, Maegi, Reedik, Ploner, Alexander, Fischer, Krista, Horikoshi, Momoko, Sarin, Antti-Pekka, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Ladenvall, Claes, Kals, Mart, Kuningas, Maris, Draisma, Harmen H. M., Ried, Janina S., van Zuydam, Natalie R., Huikari, Ville, Mangino, Massimo, Sonestedt, Emily, Benyamin, Beben, Nelson, Christopher P., Rivera, Natalia V., Kristiansson, Kati, Shen, Huei-yi, Havulinna, Aki S., Dehghan, Abbas, Donnelly, Louise A., Kaakinen, Marika, Nuotio, Marja-Liisa, Robertson, Neil, de Bruijn, Renee F. A. G., Ikram, M. Arfan, Amin, Najaf, Balmforth, Anthony J., Braund, Peter S., Doney, Alexander S. F., Doering, Angela, Elliott, Paul, Esko, Tonu, Franco, Oscar H., Gretarsdottir, Solveig, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Heikkilä, Kauko Veli, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Holm, Hilma, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Hypponen, Elina, Illig, Thomas, Isaacs, Aaron, Isomaa, Bo, Karssen, Lennart C., Kettunen, Johannes, Koenig, Wolfgang, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Laatikainen, Tiina, Laitinen, Jaana, Lindgren, Cecilia, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Laara, Esa, Rayner, Nigel W., Mannisto, Satu, Pouta, Anneli, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Ruokonen, Aimo, Savolainen, Markku J., Sijbrands, Eric J. G., Small, Kerrin S., Smit, Jan H., Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Syvanen, Ann-Christine, Taanila, Anja, Tobin, Martin D., Uitterlinden, Andre G., Willems, Sara M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Witteman, Jacqueline, Perola, Markus, Evans, Alun, Ferrieres, Jean, Virtamo, Jarmo, Kee, Frank, Tregouet, David-Alexandre, Arveiler, Dominique, Amouyel, Philippe, Ferrario, Marco M., Brambilla, Paolo, Hall, Alistair S., Heath, AndrewC., Madden, Pamela A. F., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Whitfield, John B., Jula, Antti, Knekt, Paul, Oostra, Ben, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Smith, George Davey, Kaprio, Jaakko, Samani, Nilesh J., Gieger, Christian, Peters, Annette, Wichmann, H. -Erich, Boomsma, Dorret I., de Geus, Eco J. C., Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Power, Chris, Hammond, Christopher J., Spector, Tim D., Lind, Lars, Orho-Melander, Marju, Palmer, Colin Neil Alexander, Morris, Andrew D., Groop, Leif, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Salomaa, Veikko, Vartiainen, Erkki, Hofman, Albert, Ripatti, Samuli, Metspalu, Andres, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Stefansson, Kari, Pedersen, Nancy L., McCarthy, Mark I., Ingelsson, Erik, Prokopenko, Inga, ENGAGE Consortium, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, Fall, Tove, Hagg, Sara, Maegi, Reedik, Ploner, Alexander, Fischer, Krista, Horikoshi, Momoko, Sarin, Antti-Pekka, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Ladenvall, Claes, Kals, Mart, Kuningas, Maris, Draisma, Harmen H. M., Ried, Janina S., van Zuydam, Natalie R., Huikari, Ville, Mangino, Massimo, Sonestedt, Emily, Benyamin, Beben, Nelson, Christopher P., Rivera, Natalia V., Kristiansson, Kati, Shen, Huei-yi, Havulinna, Aki S., Dehghan, Abbas, Donnelly, Louise A., Kaakinen, Marika, Nuotio, Marja-Liisa, Robertson, Neil, de Bruijn, Renee F. A. G., Ikram, M. Arfan, Amin, Najaf, Balmforth, Anthony J., Braund, Peter S., Doney, Alexander S. F., Doering, Angela, Elliott, Paul, Esko, Tonu, Franco, Oscar H., Gretarsdottir, Solveig, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Heikkilä, Kauko Veli, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Holm, Hilma, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Hypponen, Elina, Illig, Thomas, Isaacs, Aaron, Isomaa, Bo, Karssen, Lennart C., Kettunen, Johannes, Koenig, Wolfgang, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Laatikainen, Tiina, Laitinen, Jaana, Lindgren, Cecilia, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Laara, Esa, Rayner, Nigel W., Mannisto, Satu, Pouta, Anneli, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Ruokonen, Aimo, Savolainen, Markku J., Sijbrands, Eric J. G., Small, Kerrin S., Smit, Jan H., Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Syvanen, Ann-Christine, Taanila, Anja, Tobin, Martin D., Uitterlinden, Andre G., Willems, Sara M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Witteman, Jacqueline, Perola, Markus, Evans, Alun, Ferrieres, Jean, Virtamo, Jarmo, Kee, Frank, Tregouet, David-Alexandre, Arveiler, Dominique, Amouyel, Philippe, Ferrario, Marco M., Brambilla, Paolo, Hall, Alistair S., Heath, AndrewC., Madden, Pamela A. F., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Whitfield, John B., Jula, Antti, Knekt, Paul, Oostra, Ben, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Smith, George Davey, Kaprio, Jaakko, Samani, Nilesh J., Gieger, Christian, Peters, Annette, Wichmann, H. -Erich, Boomsma, Dorret I., de Geus, Eco J. C., Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Power, Chris, Hammond, Christopher J., Spector, Tim D., Lind, Lars, Orho-Melander, Marju, Palmer, Colin Neil Alexander, Morris, Andrew D., Groop, Leif, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Salomaa, Veikko, Vartiainen, Erkki, Hofman, Albert, Ripatti, Samuli, Metspalu, Andres, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Stefansson, Kari, Pedersen, Nancy L., McCarthy, Mark I., Ingelsson, Erik, Prokopenko, Inga, and ENGAGE Consortium
Published: 2013

40. Occupational Class Differences in Body Mass Index and Weight Gain in Japan and Finland

Author: University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Silventoinen, Karri, Tatsuse, Takashi, Martikainen, Pekka, Rahkonen, Ossi, Lahelma, Eero, Sekine, Michikazu, Lallukka, Tea, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Silventoinen, Karri, Tatsuse, Takashi, Martikainen, Pekka, Rahkonen, Ossi, Lahelma, Eero, Sekine, Michikazu, and Lallukka, Tea
Abstract: Background: Occupational class differences in body mass index (BMI) have been systematically reported in developed countries, but the studies have mainly focused on white populations consuming a Westernized diet. We compared occupational class differences in BMI and BMI change in Japan and Finland.Methods: The baseline surveys were conducted during 1998-1999 among Japanese (n = 4080) and during 2000-2002 among Finnish (n = 8685) public-sector employees. Follow-up surveys were conducted among those still employed, in 2003 (n = 3213) and 2007 (n = 7086), respectively. Occupational class and various explanatory factors were surveyed in the baseline questionnaires. Linear regression models were used for data analysis.Results: BMI was higher at baseline and BMI gain was more rapid in Finland than in Japan. In Finland, baseline BMI was lowest among men and women in the highest occupational class and progressively increased to the lowest occupational class; no gradient was found in Japan (country interaction effect, P = 0.020 for men and P < 0.0001 for women). Adjustment for confounding factors reflecting work conditions and health behavior increased the occupational class gradient among Finnish men and women, whereas factors related to social life had no effect. No statistically significant difference in BMI gain was found between occupational classes.Conclusions: The occupational class gradient in BMI was strong among Finnish employees but absent among Japanese employees. This suggests that occupational class inequalities in obesity are not inevitable, even in high-income societies.
Published: 2013

41. Clinical research in Finland in 2002 and 2007: quantity and type

Author: University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health (-2009), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Hemminki, Elina, Virtanen, Jorma, Veerus, Piret, Regushevskaya, Elena, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health (-2009), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Hemminki, Elina, Virtanen, Jorma, Veerus, Piret, and Regushevskaya, Elena
Published: 2013

42. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Hemilä, Harri, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, and Hemilä, Harri
Abstract: Feedback to the following Cochrane review: Jefferson T, et al.: Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Jan 18;1:CD008965 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22258996
Published: 2013

43. Vitamin E may significantly increase and decrease mortality in some population groups

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Hemilä, Harri, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, and Hemilä, Harri
Abstract: In their meta-analysis, Bjelakovic et al. (2013) calculated that vitamin E in doses above the RDA (>15 mg) may slightly increase mortality by 3%. This estimate was based on the pooling of the results of 44 studies. However, study-level analyses can lead to different conclusions than do corresponding individual-level analysis, a difference which is called the “ecological fallacy”. ... Given the mainly negative findings in the antioxidant trials, it seems justified to discourage the general population from taking supplements until we have better knowledge of the groups of people who may benefit. However, a single vitamin E effect estimate, such as +3%, does not apply to all people over the globe since, at least, a substantial proportion of Finnish men in the ATBC study are inconsistent with such an effect. The individual-level analysis of the ATBC Study suggests that trials on vitamins E and C for men older than 70 years are warranted.
Published: 2013

44. Pre-Targeting and Direct Immunotargeting of Liposomal Drug Carriers to Ovarian Carcinoma

Author: University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Lehtinen, Julia, Raki, Mari, Bergstrom, Kim A., Uutela, Paivi, Lehtinen, Katariina, Hiltunen, Annukka, Pikkarainen, Jere, Liang, Huamin, Pitkanen, Sari, Maatta, Ann-Marie, Ketola, Raimo A., Yliperttula, Marjo, Wirth, Thomas, Urtti, Arto, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Lehtinen, Julia, Raki, Mari, Bergstrom, Kim A., Uutela, Paivi, Lehtinen, Katariina, Hiltunen, Annukka, Pikkarainen, Jere, Liang, Huamin, Pitkanen, Sari, Maatta, Ann-Marie, Ketola, Raimo A., Yliperttula, Marjo, Wirth, Thomas, and Urtti, Arto
Published: 2012

45. Phospholipids and insulin resistance in psychosis

Author: University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Psykiatrian osasto, Oresic, Matej, Seppänen-Laakso, Tuulikki, Sun, Daqiang, Tang, Jing, Therman, Sebastian, Viehman, Rachael, Mustonen, Ulla, van Erp, Theo G.M., Hyötyläinen, Tuulia, Thompson, Paul, Toga, Arthur W., Huttunen, Matti O., Suvisaari, Jaana, Kaprio, Jaakko, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Cannon, Tyrone D., University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Psykiatrian osasto, Oresic, Matej, Seppänen-Laakso, Tuulikki, Sun, Daqiang, Tang, Jing, Therman, Sebastian, Viehman, Rachael, Mustonen, Ulla, van Erp, Theo G.M., Hyötyläinen, Tuulia, Thompson, Paul, Toga, Arthur W., Huttunen, Matti O., Suvisaari, Jaana, Kaprio, Jaakko, Lönnqvist, Jouko, and Cannon, Tyrone D.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Several theories have been proposed to conceptualize the pathological processes inherent to schizophrenia. The "prostaglandin deficiency" hypothesis postulates that defective enzyme systems converting essential fatty acids to prostaglandins lead to diminished levels of prostaglandins, which in turn affect synaptic transmission. METHODS: Herein we sought to determine the lipidomic profiles associated with schizophrenia in twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia as well as unaffected twin pairs. The study included serum samples from 19 twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia (mean age 51 +/- 10 years; 7 monozygotic pairs; 13 female pairs) and 34 age and gender matched healthy twins as controls. Neurocognitive assessment data and gray matter density measurements taken from high-resolution magnetic resonance images were also obtained. Lipidomics platform using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied for the analysis of serum samples. RESULTS: In comparison to their healthy co-twins, the patients had elevated triglycerides and were more insulin resistant. They had diminished lysophosphatidylcholine levels which associated with decreased cognitive speed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may be of pathophysiological relevance since lysophosphatidylcholines, byproducts of phospholipase A2-catalyzed phospholipid hydrolysis, are preferred carriers of polyunsaturated fatty acids across the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, diminishment of lysophosphatidylcholines suggests that subjects at risk of schizophrenia may be more susceptible to infections. Their association with cognitive speed supports the view that altered neurotransmission in schizophrenia may be in part mediated by reactive lipids such as prostaglandins.
Published: 2012

46. How does a history of psychiatric hospital care influence access to coronary care

Author: University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Manderbacka, Kristiina, Arffman, Martti, Sund, Reijo, Haukka, Jari, Keskimäki, Ilmo, Wahlbeck, Kristian, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Manderbacka, Kristiina, Arffman, Martti, Sund, Reijo, Haukka, Jari, Keskimäki, Ilmo, and Wahlbeck, Kristian
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Equity in physical health of patients with severe mental disorders is a major public health concern. The aim of this cohort study was to examine equity in access to coronary care among persons with a history of severe mental disorder in 1998-2009. DESIGN: Nationwide register linkage cohort study. SETTING: Hospital care in the Finnish healthcare system. POPULATION: The study population consisted of all residents in Finland aged 40 years or older. All hospital discharges in 1998-2009 with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease or severe mental disorder were obtained from the Care Register. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Data on deaths, hospitalisations and coronary revascularisations were linked to the data set using unique personal identifiers. RESULTS: Patients with severe mental disorders had increased likelihood of hospital care due to coronary heart disease (RR between 1.22, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.25 and 1.93, 1.84 to 2.03 in different age groups) and in 40-49-year-olds also increased likelihood of revascularisation (1.26, 1.16 to 1.38) compared with persons without mental disorders. Access to revascularisation was poorer among older persons with severe mental disorders in relation to need suggested by increased coronary mortality. In spite of excess coronary mortality (ranging from 0.95, 0.89 to 1.01 to 3.16, 2.82 to 3.54), worst off were people with a history of psychosis, who did not have increased use of hospital care and had lower likelihood of receiving revascularisations (ranging from 0.44, 0.37 to 0.51 to 0.74, 0.59 to 0.93) compared with persons without mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Selective mechanisms seem to be at work in access to care and revascularisations among people with severe mental disorders. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of the need for targeted measures to address challenges in provision of somatic care among people with severe mental health problems, especially among people with psychoses and old people.
Published: 2012

47. Childhood adversities and adult-onset asthma: a cohort study

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Korkeila, Jyrki, Lietzen, Raija, Sillanmäki, Lauri Henrik, Rautava, Päivi, Korkeila, Katariina, Kivimäki, Mika, Koskenvuo, Markku, Vahtera, Jussi, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Korkeila, Jyrki, Lietzen, Raija, Sillanmäki, Lauri Henrik, Rautava, Päivi, Korkeila, Katariina, Kivimäki, Mika, Koskenvuo, Markku, and Vahtera, Jussi
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Childhood adversities may be important determinants of later illnesses and poor health behaviour. However, large-scale prospective studies on the associations between childhood adversities and the onset of asthma in adulthood are lacking. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with 7-year follow-up. SETTING: Nationally representative study. Data were collected from the Health and Social Support (HeSSup) survey and national registers. PARTICIPANTS: The participants represent the Finnish population from the following age groups: 20-24, 30-34, 40-44, and 50-54 years at baseline in 1998 (24 057 survey participants formed the final cohort of this study). The occurrence of childhood adversities was assessed at baseline with a six-item survey scale. The analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, behavioural health risks and common mental disorders. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: The survey data were linked to data from national health registers on incident asthma during a 7-year follow-up to define new-onset asthma cases with verified diagnoses. RESULTS: A total of 12 126 (59%) participants reported that they encountered a childhood adversity. Of them 3677 (18% of all) endured three to six adversities. During a follow-up of 7 years, 593 (2.9%) participants were diagnosed with incident asthma. Those who reported three or more childhood adversities had a 1.6-fold (95% CI 1.31 to 2.01) greater risk of asthma compared to those without childhood adversities. This hazard attenuated but remained statistically significant after adjustment for conventional risk factors (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.67). CONCLUSIONS: Adults who report having encountered adversities in childhood may have an increased risk of developing asthma.
Published: 2012

48. Workplace bullying and subsequent psychotropic medication: a cohort study with register linkages

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Lallukka, Tea, Haukka, Jari, Partonen, Timo, Rahkonen, Ossi, Lahelma, Eero, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Lallukka, Tea, Haukka, Jari, Partonen, Timo, Rahkonen, Ossi, and Lahelma, Eero
Abstract: Aims: Excessive weight is associated with increased sickness absence from work due to obesity-linked health problems. However, it is not known which obesity measure best predicts sickness absence. First, we aimed to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) as predictors of sickness absence spells of various lengths. Second, we aimed to compare BMI based on self-reported and measured weight and height as a predictor of sickness absence to assess the validity of self-reported BMI. Methods: The participants were 5750 employees of the City of Helsinki, aged 40-60 years, who were followed up on average for 4.8 years using the employer's register. Sickness absence spells were classified as self-certified short (1-3 days), medically certified medium length (4-14 days), and long (>14 days) absence spells. Results: All measures of body weight predicted sickness absence. The relative rates of long sickness absence in the highest quintile as compared to the lowest quintile varied in women from 1.62 (95% CI 1.35-1.94) to 1.89 (95% CI 1.62-2.23) and in men from 1.40 (95% CI 0.76-2.59) to 2.33 (95% CI 1.32-4.11). Differences in the predictive power of BMI and WC were small: both were more strongly associated with sickness absence than WHR. Self-reported BMI performed equally well as measured BMI. Conclusions: BMI - measured or self-reported - is a valid anthropometric indicator of body weight and predictor of obesity-associated health-risks. Its use is feasible for research purposes as well as for the assessment of weight-related risks to work ability.
Published: 2012

49. Working conditions as risk factors for disability retirement: a longitudinal register linkage study

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, Lahelma, Eero, Laaksonen, Mikko, Lallukka, Tea, Martikainen, Pekka, Pietiläinen, Olli, Saastamoinen, Peppiina, Gould, Raija, Rahkonen, Ossi, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, Lahelma, Eero, Laaksonen, Mikko, Lallukka, Tea, Martikainen, Pekka, Pietiläinen, Olli, Saastamoinen, Peppiina, Gould, Raija, and Rahkonen, Ossi
Published: 2012

50. Psychosocial factors associated with becoming a young father in Finland: a nationwide longitudinal study

Author: University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Lehti, Venla, Sourander, Andre, Sillanmaki, Lauri, Helenius, Hans, Tamminen, Tuula, Kumpulainen, Kirsti, Almqvist, Fredrik, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Lehti, Venla, Sourander, Andre, Sillanmaki, Lauri, Helenius, Hans, Tamminen, Tuula, Kumpulainen, Kirsti, and Almqvist, Fredrik
Published: 2012

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