Author: "University of Hawai'i [Hilo]" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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83 results on '"University of Hawai'i [Hilo]"'

1. Making histories : the Torres Strait Expedition of 1898

Author: 11th Pacific History Assn Conference, University of Hawai'i, Hilo, Hawai'i, Jul 1996 and Edwards, Elizabeth
Published: 1997

2. Search for dark-matter–Nucleon interactions via Migdal effect with DarkSide-50

Author: Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D’Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D’Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D’Urso, D., Fairbairn, M., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., Grilli di Cortona, G., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Zuzel, G., Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), University of South Dakota [Vermillion] (USD), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Sezione di Roma 1] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari (INFN, Sezione di Cagliari), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Princeton University, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN, Sezione di Genova), King‘s College London, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Saint Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute RAS, St Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Princeton University (DPPU), INFN Frascati, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» [Moscow, Russia], Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of High Energy Physics [Beijing] (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Università degli Studi di Enna ' KORE ' = Kore University of Enna, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Houston [Clear Lake], Black Hills State University, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Cente (AstroCeNT), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), University of Houston, Belgorod National Research University, University of California (UC), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of Manchester [Manchester], Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), DarkSide Collaboration, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D’Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D’Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D’Urso, D., Fairbairn, M., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., Grilli di Cortona, G., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: instrumentation, electrons, General Physics and Astronomy, dark matter direct detection, dark matter mass, radioactivity, ionization, Dark matter, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], particle interaction, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], electron final state, ionizing radiation, signal processing, experimental results
Abstract: Dark matter elastic scattering off nuclei can result in the excitation and ionization of the recoiling atom through the so-called Migdal effect. The energy deposition from the ionization electron adds to the energy deposited by the recoiling nuclear system and allows for the detection of interactions of sub-GeV/c2 mass dark matter. We present new constraints for sub-GeV/c2 dark matter using the dual-phase liquid argon time projection chamber of the DarkSide-50 experiment with an exposure of (12 306±184) kg d. The analysis is based on the ionization signal alone and significantly enhances the sensitivity of DarkSide-50, enabling sensitivity to dark matter with masses down to 40 MeV/c2. Furthermore, it sets the most stringent upper limit on the spin independent dark matter nucleon cross section for masses below 3.6 GeV/c2.
Published: 2023

3. Search for low-mass dark matter WIMPs with 12 ton-day exposure of DarkSide-50

Author: Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I.F.M., Alexander, T., Alton, A.K., Ave, M., Back, H.O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W.M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M.D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., d'Angelo, D., Davini, S., de Candia, A., de Cecco, S., de Filippis, G., de Rosa, G., Derbin, A.V., Devoto, A., d'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., d'Urso, D., Fairbairn, M., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G.K., Goretti, A.M., Di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B.R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E.V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C.L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I.N., Mapelli, L.P., Mari, S.M., Maricic, J., Martoff, C.J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V.N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A.O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D.M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S.S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D.D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A.L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Sanford, E., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D.A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M.D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E.V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R.B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M.M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Zuzel, G., Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D’Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D’Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D’Urso, D., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., Grilli di Cortona, G., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Sandford, E., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Zuzel, G., Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), University of South Dakota [Vermillion] (USD), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Sezione di Roma 1] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari (INFN, Sezione di Cagliari), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Princeton University, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN, Sezione di Genova), Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (INFN, Sezione di Napoli), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INFN Frascati, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» [Moscow, Russia], Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of High Energy Physics [Beijing] (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Università degli Studi di Enna ' KORE ' = Kore University of Enna, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Houston, Black Hills State University, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Cente (AstroCeNT), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Belgorod National Research University, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Manchester [Manchester], Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), Moscow State Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center (AstroCENT), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), SCOAP, DarkSide-50, and HEP, INSPIRE
Subjects: WIMP nucleon: scattering, data analysis method, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), dark matter: interaction, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], dark matter interaction, background: model, FOS: Physical sciences, WIMP: mass, WIMP nucleon scattering, spin: dependence, Detector calibration, WIMP: dark matter, spin dependence, argon: target, dark matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], detector: calibration, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], cross section: upper limit, instrumentation, detector, mass dependence, Gran Sasso, WIMP mass, radioactivity, argon, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], experimental results, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on the search for dark matter WIMPs in the mass range below 10 GeV/c$^2$, from the analysis of the entire dataset acquired with a low-radioactivity argon target by the DarkSide-50 experiment at LNGS. The new analysis benefits from more accurate calibration of the detector response, improved background model, and better determination of systematic uncertainties, allowing us to accurately model the background rate and spectra down to 0.06 keV$_{er}$. A 90% C.L. exclusion limit for the spin-independent cross section of 3 GeV/c$^2$ mass WIMP on nucleons is set at 6$\times$10$^{-43}$ cm$^2$, about a factor 10 better than the previous DarkSide-50 limit. This analysis extends the exclusion region for spin-independent dark matter interactions below the current experimental constraints in the $[1.2, 3.6]$ GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass range., 11 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2023

4. Overview of LifeCLEF 2022: An Evaluation of Machine-Learning Based Species Identification and Species Distribution Prediction

Author: Alexis Joly, Hervé Goëau, Stefan Kahl, Lukáš Picek, Titouan Lorieul, Elijah Cole, Benjamin Deneu, Maximilien Servajean, Andrew Durso, Hervé Glotin, Robert Planqué, Willem-Pier Vellinga, Amanda Navine, Holger Klinck, Tom Denton, Ivan Eggel, Pierre Bonnet, Milan Šulc, Marek Hrúz, Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), ADVanced Analytics for data SciencE (ADVANSE), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Xeno-canto foundation, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Google LLC, University of West Bohemia [Plzeň ], Alberto Barrón-Cedeño, Giovanni Da San Martino, Mirko Degli Esposti, Fabrizio Sebastiani, Craig Macdonald, Gabriella Pasi, Allan Hanbury, Martin Potthast, Guglielmo Faggioli, Nicola Ferro, and European Project: 863463,Cos4Cloud project
Subjects: Large-scales, Living organisms, Biodiversity monitoring, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Biodiversity conservation, Species Distribution Prediction, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Species distributions, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Machine learning, LifeCLEF 2022, Monitoring system, Geographics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Machine-learning, Species identification, General publics
Abstract: International audience; Building accurate knowledge of the identity, the geographic distribution and the evolution of species is essential for the sustainable development of humanity, as well as for biodiversity conservation. However, the difficulty of identifying plants, animals and fungi is hindering the aggregation of new data and knowledge. Identifying and naming living organisms is almost impossible for the general public and is often difficult even for professionals and naturalists. Bridging this gap is a key step towards enabling effective biodiversity monitoring systems. The LifeCLEF campaign, presented in this paper, has been promoting and evaluating advances in this domain since 2011. The 2022 edition proposes five data-oriented challenges related to the identification and prediction of biodiversity: (i) PlantCLEF: very large-scale plant identification, (ii) BirdCLEF: bird species recognition in audio soundscapes, (iii) GeoLifeCLEF: remote sensing based prediction of species, (iv) SnakeCLEF: snake species identification on a global scale, and (v) FungiCLEF: fungi recognition as an open set classification problem. This paper overviews the motivation, methodology and main outcomes of that five challenges.
Published: 2022

5. Overview of BirdCLEF 2022: Endangered bird species recognition in soundscape recordings

Author: Kahl, Stefan, Navine, Amanda, Denton, Tom, Klinck, Holger, Hart, Patrick, Glotin, Hervé, Goëau, Hervé, Vellinga, Willem-Pier, Planqué, Robert, Joly, Alexis, Cornell University [New York], University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Google LLC, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Université de Toulon (UTLN), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Xeno-canto foundation, Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: bird, evaluation, call, species, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, passive acoustic monitoring, bioacoustics, benchmark, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, audio, collection, identification, song, LifeCLEF, fine-grained classification, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, retrieval
Abstract: International audience; As the "extinction capital of the world", Hawai'i has lost 68% of its native bird species, the consequences of which can harm entire ecosystems. With physical monitoring difficult, scientists have turned to sound recordings, as this approach could provide a passive, low labor, and cost-effective strategy for monitoring endangered bird populations. Current methods for processing large bioacoustic datasets involve manual review of each recording. This requires specialized training and prohibitively large amounts of time. Recent advances in machine learning have made it possible to automatically identify bird songs for common species with ample training data. However, it remains challenging to develop such tools for rare and endangered species. The main goal of the 2022 edition of BirdCLEF was to advance automated detection of rare and endangered bird species that lack large amounts of training data. The competition challenged participants to develop reliable analysis frameworks to detect and identify the vocalizations of rare bird species in continuous Hawaiian soundscapes utilizing limited training data.
Published: 2022

6. Search for dark matter particle interactions with electron final states with DarkSide-50

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Sanford, E., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Zuzel, G., Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), University of South Dakota [Vermillion] (USD), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Sezione di Roma 1] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari (INFN, Sezione di Cagliari), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Princeton University, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN, Sezione di Genova), King‘s College London, Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Saint Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute RAS, St Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Princeton University (DPPU), INFN Frascati, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» [Moscow, Russia], Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of High Energy Physics [Beijing] (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Università degli Studi di Enna ' KORE ' = Kore University of Enna, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Houston [Clear Lake], Black Hills State University, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Cente (AstroCeNT), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), University of Houston, Belgorod National Research University, University of California (UC), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of Manchester [Manchester], Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), DarkSide Collaboration, ANR-10-LABX-0023,UnivEarthS,Earth - Planets - Universe: observation, modeling, transfer(2010), ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018), European Project: 952480,DarkWave, HEP, INSPIRE, DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D’Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D’Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D’Urso, D., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., Grilli di Cortona, G., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Sandford, E., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], kinetic, General Physics and Astronomy, mixing angle, FOS: Physical sciences, coupling constant: upper limit, dark matter: direct detection, dark matter direct detection, coupling constant upper limit, neutrino mixing, High Energy Physics - Experiment, dark matter mass, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), ionization, Dark matter, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], coupling: (axion 2electron), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], signal processing, electron: final state, instrumentation, photon: hidden sector, axion: dark matter, photon mixing, dark matter: mass, electrons, Neutrino sterile, neutrino: sterile, particle: interaction, liquid argon, radioactivity, photon: mixing, particle interaction, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], neutrino: mixing, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], electron final state, ionizing radiation, mixing: kinetic, photon hidden sector, experimental results, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a search for dark matter particles with sub-GeV/$c^2$ masses whose interactions have final state electrons using the DarkSide-50 experiment's (12306 $\pm$ 184) kg d low-radioactivity liquid argon exposure. By analyzing the ionization signals, we exclude new parameter space for the dark matter-electron cross section $\bar{\sigma}_e$, the axioelectric coupling constant $g_{Ae}$, and the dark photon kinetic mixing parameter $\kappa$. We also set the first dark matter direct-detection constraints on the mixing angle $\left|U_{e4}\right|^2$ for keV sterile neutrinos., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2022

7. Timing Is Everything: Acoustic Niche Partitioning in Two Tropical Wet Forest Bird Communities

Author: Ann Tanimoto-Johnson, Esther Sebastián-González, Kristina L. Paxton, Thomas Ibanez, Grace Tredinnick, Patrick J. Hart, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Ecología y Conservación de Poblaciones y Comunidades Animales (ECPCA), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Soundscape, Range (biology), spectral and temporal overlap, Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], birdsong, Niche, Acoustic niche hypothesis, acoustic signaling, Biology, Interference (wave propagation), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Signal, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, QH359-425, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Birdsong, Cluster analysis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, Spectral and temporal overlap, Ecology, 05 social sciences, Niche differentiation, 15. Life on land, Ecología, Temporal partitioning, temporal partitioning, Acoustic space, acoustic clustering hypothesis, Acoustic signaling, Cartography, acoustic niche hypothesis, Acoustic clustering hypothesis
Abstract: When acoustic signals sent from individuals overlap in frequency and time, acoustic interference and signal masking may occur. Under the acoustic niche hypothesis (ANH), signaling behavior has evolved to partition acoustic space and minimize overlap with other calling individuals through selection on signal structure and/or the sender’s ability to adjust the timing of signals. Alternately, under the acoustic clustering hypothesis, there is potential benefit to convergence and synchronization of the structural or temporal characteristics of signals in the avian community, and organisms produce signals that overlap more than would be expected by chance. Interactive communication networks may also occur, where species living together are more likely to have songs with convergent spectral and or temporal characteristics. In this study, we examine the fine-scale use of acoustic space in montane tropical wet forest bird communities in Costa Rica and Hawai‘i. At multiple recording stations in each community, we identified the species associated with each recorded signal, measured observed signal overlap, and used null models to generate random distributions of expected signal overlap. We then compared observed vs. expected signal overlap to test predictions of the acoustic niche and acoustic clustering hypotheses. We found a high degree of overlap in the signal characteristics (frequency range) of species in both Costa Rica and Hawai‘i, however, as predicted under ANH, species significantly reduced observed overlap relative to the random distribution through temporal partitioning. There was little support for acoustic clustering or the prediction of the network hypothesis that species segregate across the landscape based on the frequency range of their vocalizations. These findings constitute strong support that there is competition for acoustic space in these signaling communities, and this has resulted primarily in temporal partitioning of the soundscape. Financial support was provided through National Science Foundation (NSF) CREST awards (0833211 and 1345247) to PH.
Published: 2021

8. Calibration of the liquid argon ionization response to low energy electronic and nuclear recoils with DarkSide-50

Author: The DarkSide Collaboration, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chepurnov, A., Cical��, C., Cocco, A. G., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Gorchakov, O., Goretti, A. M., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guardincerri, Y., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Martoff, C. J., Messina, A., Meyers, P. D., Milincic, R., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Agasson, A. Navrer, Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Zuzel, G., Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Cocco, A. G., Covone, G., D’Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D’Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D’Urso, D., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Gorchakov, O., Goretti, A. M., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guardincerri, Y., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Martoff, C. J., Messina, A., Meyers, P. D., Milincic, R., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Navrer Agasson, A., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Zuzel, G., University of Houston, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Augustana University, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Sezione di Roma 1] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari (INFN, Sezione di Cagliari), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN, Sezione di Genova), Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Princeton University, INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, (INFN), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (INFN, Sezione di Napoli), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Saint Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute RAS, St Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» [Moscow, Russia], Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of High Energy Physics [Beijing] (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Università degli Studi di Enna ' KORE ' = Kore University of Enna, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Black Hills State University, Belgorod National Research University, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 3 (INFN, Sezione di Roma 3), University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Belgorod National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia, Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), DarkSide, ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018), Cicalo, C., D'Angelo, D., D'Incecco, M., D'Urso, D., Ianni, A., Agnes, P, Albuquerque, I, Alexander, T, Alton, A, Ave, M, Back, H, Batignani, G, Biery, K, Bocci, V, Bonivento, W, Bottino, B, Bussino, S, Cadeddu, M, Cadoni, M, Calaprice, F, Caminata, A, Canci, N, Caravati, M, Cariello, M, Carlini, M, Carpinelli, M, Catalanotti, S, Cataudella, V, Cavalcante, P, Cavuoti, S, Chepurnov, A, Cicalo, C, Cocco, A, Covone, G, D'Angelo, D, Davini, S, De Candia, A, De Cecco, S, De Filippis, G, De Rosa, G, Derbin, A, Devoto, A, D'Incecco, M, Dionisi, C, Dordei, F, Downing, M, D'Urso, D, Fiorillo, G, Franco, D, Gabriele, F, Galbiati, C, Ghiano, C, Giganti, C, Giovanetti, G, Gorchakov, O, Goretti, A, Grobov, A, Gromov, M, Guan, M, Guardincerri, Y, Gulino, M, Hackett, B, Herner, K, Hosseini, B, Hubaut, F, Hungerford, E, Ianni, A, Ippolito, V, Keeter, K, Kendziora, C, Kochanek, I, Korablev, D, Korga, G, Kubankin, A, Kuss, M, La Commara, M, Lai, M, Li, X, Lissia, M, Longo, G, Machulin, I, Mapelli, L, Mari, S, Maricic, J, Martoff, C, Messina, A, Meyers, P, Milincic, R, Morrocchi, M, Mougeot, X, Muratova, V, Musico, P, Navrer Agasson, A, Nozdrina, A, Oleinik, A, Ortica, F, Pagani, L, Pallavicini, M, Pandola, L, Pantic, E, Paoloni, E, Pelczar, K, Pelliccia, N, Picciau, E, Pocar, A, Pordes, S, Poudel, S, Pralavorio, P, Ragusa, F, Razeti, M, Razeto, A, Renshaw, A, Rescigno, M, Rode, J, Romani, A, Sablone, D, Samoylov, O, Sands, W, Sanfilippo, S, Savarese, C, Schlitzer, B, Semenov, D, Shchagin, A, Sheshukov, A, Skorokhvatov, M, Smirnov, O, Sotnikov, A, Stracka, S, Suvorov, Y, Tartaglia, R, Testera, G, Tonazzo, A, Unzhakov, E, Vishneva, A, Vogelaar, R, Wada, M, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Westerdale, S, Wojcik, M, Xiao, X, Yang, C, Zuzel, G, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, electron recoil, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Recoil, n: irradiation, electron: recoil, ionization chamber, Ionization, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics::Atomic Physics, nucleus recoil, Nuclear Experiment, nuclear instrumentation, nucleus: recoil, instrumentation, Physics, Range (particle radiation), irradiation, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 3. Good health, Projection (relational algebra), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ionizing radiation, Calibration liquid argon ionization electronic and nuclear recoils dark matter, ionization: yield, FOS: Physical sciences, Electrons, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], DarkSide-50, Nuclear physics, ionization yield, numerical methods, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], numerical calculations, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, neutrons, Neutron radiation, time projection chamber: liquid argon, calibration, time projection chamber, liquid argon, WIMP: interaction, WIMP interaction, Yield (chemistry)
Abstract: DarkSide-50 has demonstrated the high potential of dual-phase liquid argon time projection chambers in exploring interactions of WIMPs in the GeV/c$^2$ mass range. The technique, based on the detection of the ionization signal amplified via electroluminescence in the gas phase, allows to explore recoil energies down to the sub-keV range. We report here on the DarkSide-50 measurement of the ionization yield of electronic recoils down to $\sim$180~eV$_{er}$, exploiting $^{37}$Ar and $^{39}$Ar decays, and extrapolated to a few ionization electrons with the Thomas-Imel box model. Moreover, we present a model-dependent determination of the ionization response to nuclear recoils down to $\sim$500~eV$_{nr}$, the lowest ever achieved in liquid argon, using \textit{in situ} neutron calibration sources and external datasets from neutron beam experiments., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
Published: 2021

9. Interrogating Phylogenetic Discordance Resolves Deep Splits in the Rapid Radiation of Old World Fruit Bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)

Author: Annette T. Scanlon, Violaine Nicolas, Javier Juste, Georgia Tsagkogeorga, Stephen J. Rossiter, Frank J. Bonaccorso, Corinna A. Pinzari, Nancy B. Simmons, Aude Lalis, Sigit Wiantoro, Susan M. Tsang, Silke A. Riesle-Sbarbaro, Christopher M. Todd, Michael R. McGowen, Burton K. Lim, Alan T. Hitch, Nicolas Nesi, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Zoological Society of London - ZSL (UNITED KINGDOM), Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), and Western Sydney University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Systematics, concordance, coalescence, Old World, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, species tree, Coalescent theory, Pteropodidae, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Frugivore, Phylogenetics, Chiroptera, Genetics, Animals, Spotlight, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, AcademicSubjects/SCI01130, incomplete lineage sorting, 15. Life on land, nectar feeder, Biological Evolution, Evolutionary biology, Threatened species, target enrichment
Abstract: The family Pteropodidae (Old World fruit bats) comprises \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$>$\end{document}200 species distributed across the Old World tropics and subtropics. Most pteropodids feed on fruit, suggesting an early origin of frugivory, although several lineages have shifted to nectar-based diets. Pteropodids are of exceptional conservation concern with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$>$\end{document}50% of species considered threatened, yet the systematics of this group has long been debated, with uncertainty surrounding early splits attributed to an ancient rapid diversification. Resolving the relationships among the main pteropodid lineages is essential if we are to fully understand their evolutionary distinctiveness, and the extent to which these bats have transitioned to nectar-feeding. Here we generated orthologous sequences for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$>$\end{document}1400 nuclear protein-coding genes (2.8 million base pairs) across 114 species from 43 genera of Old World fruit bats (57% and 96% of extant species- and genus-level diversity, respectively), and combined phylogenomic inference with filtering by information content to resolve systematic relationships among the major lineages. Concatenation and coalescent-based methods recovered three distinct backbone topologies that were not able to be reconciled by filtering via phylogenetic information content. Concordance analysis and gene genealogy interrogation show that one topology is consistently the best supported, and that observed phylogenetic conflicts arise from both gene tree error and deep incomplete lineage sorting. In addition to resolving long-standing inconsistencies in the reported relationships among major lineages, we show that Old World fruit bats have likely undergone at least seven independent dietary transitions from frugivory to nectarivory. Finally, we use this phylogeny to identify and describe one new genus. [Chiroptera; coalescence; concordance; incomplete lineage sorting; nectar feeder; species tree; target enrichment.]
Published: 2021

10. The cosmic ultraviolet baryon survey (CUBS): III. Physical properties and elemental abundances of Lyman-limit systems at z < 1

Author: Gregory Walth, Erin Boettcher, Robert A. Simcoe, Sebastiano Cantalupo, Sebastian Lopez, Mandy C. Chen, Mary E. Putman, Joop Schaye, Kathy L. Cooksey, Fakhri S. Zahedy, Patrick Petitjean, Thomas M. Cooper, John S. Mulchaey, Sean D. Johnson, Claude André Faucher-Giguère, Hsiao-Wen Chen, Gwen C. Rudie, Jenny E. Greene, Steven V. Penton, Marc Rafelski, Michael Rauch, Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], University of Chicago, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Northwestern University [Evanston], Princeton University, Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), University of Colorado [Boulder], Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Columbia University [New York], Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Leiden University, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Subjects: QSOS, Absorption spectroscopy, Metallicity, Astrophysics - astrophysics of galaxies, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Surveys, 01 natural sciences, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxies: haloes, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Intergalactic medium, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasars: absorption lines, Galaxy, Lyman limit, Baryon, haloes, intergalactic medium, quasars: absorption lines [surveys, galaxies], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA]
Abstract: (Abridged) We present a systematic investigation of physical conditions and elemental abundances in four optically thick Lyman-limit systems (LLSs) at $z=0.36-0.6$ discovered within the Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS). CUBS LLSs exhibit multi-component kinematic structure and a complex mix of multiphase gas, with associated metal transitions from multiple ionization states that span several hundred km/s in line-of-sight velocity. Specifically, higher column density components (log N(HI)>16) in all four absorbers comprise dynamically cool gas with $\langle T \rangle =(2\pm1) \times10^4\,$K and modest non-thermal broadening of $5\pm3\,$ km/s. The high quality of the QSO absorption spectra allows us to infer the physical conditions of the gas, using a detailed ionization modeling that takes into account the resolved component structures of HI and metal transitions. The range of inferred gas densities indicates that these absorbers consist of spatially compact clouds with a median line-of-sight thickness of $160^{+140}_{-50}$ pc. While obtaining robust metallicity constraints for the low-density, highly ionized phase remains challenging due to the uncertain N(HI), we demonstrate that the cool-phase gas in LLSs has a median metallicity of $\mathrm{[\alpha/H]_{1/2}}=-0.7^{+0.1}_{-0.2}$, with a 16-84 percentile range of $\mathrm{[\alpha/H]}=(-1.3,-0.1)$. Furthermore, the wide range of inferred elemental abundance ratios ($\mathrm{[C/\alpha]}$, $\mathrm{[N/\alpha]}$, and $\mathrm{[Fe/\alpha]}$) indicate a diversity of chemical enrichment histories. Combining the absorption data with deep galaxy survey data characterizing the galaxy environment of these absorbers, we discuss the physical connection between star-forming regions in galaxies and diffuse gas associated with optically thick absorption systems in the $z, Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS after a minor revision. 18 pages, 11 figures, and a nine-page Appendix with four additional figures
Published: 2021

11. Infertile landscapes on an old oceanic island: the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia

Author: Philippe Birnbaum, Thomas Ibanez, Robin Pouteau, Sandrine Isnard, Tanguy Jaffré, Hervé Jourdan, Bruno Fogliani, Jérôme Munzinger, Audrey Leopold, David Bruy, Jennifer Read, Yohan Pillon, Louis Lagarde, Marc Ducousso, Dominique Cluzel, Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), TRajectoires d’OCéAnie (TROCA), School of Biomedical Sciences [Monash University, Clayton], Monash University [Clayton], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, PEDOLOGIE, Biodiversity, Myrmecochory, Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, PAYSAGES VEGETAUX, New Caledonia, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Southwest Australia, DYNAMIQUE DE VEGETATION, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, BIODIVERSITE, Biota, Vegetation, Dispersal, 15. Life on land, Cyclone, GEOLOGIE, Biodiversity hotspot, Metal hyperaccumulation, Monodominance, CLIMAT, CYCLONE TROPICAL, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, METAL LOURD, NOUVELLE CALEDONIE, ENDEMISME, MYCORHIZE, Mycorrhiza, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, FEU DE BROUSSE, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The OCBIL theory comprises a set of hypotheses to comprehend the biota of old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs). Here, we review evidence from the literature to evaluate the extent to which this theory could apply to the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia. We present geological, pedological and climatic evidence suggesting how the island might qualify as an OCBIL. The predictions of OCBIL theory are then reviewed in the context of New Caledonia. There is evidence for a high rate of micro-endemism, accumulation of relict lineages, a high incidence of dioecy, myrmecochory and nutritional specializations in plants. New Caledonian vegetation also exhibits several types of monodominant formations that reveal the importance of disturbances on the island. Fires and tropical storms are likely to be important factors that contribute to the dynamic of New Caledonian ecosystems. Although naturally infertile, there is archaeological evidence that humans developed specific horticultural practices in the ultramafic landscapes of New Caledonia. Further comparisons between New Caledonia and other areas of the world, such as South Africa and Southwest Australia, are desirable, to develop the OCBIL theory into a more robust and generalized, testable framework and to determine the most efficient strategies to preserve their outstanding biodiversity.
Published: 2021

12. Rarity patterns of woody plant species are associated with life form and diversification rates in Pacific islands forests

Author: Thomas Ibanez, Patrick J. Hart, Alison Ainsworth, Jonathan P. Price, Jacob Gross, Edward L. Webb, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], and National University of Singapore (NUS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), Rare species, Niche, Plant Science, Biology, Forests, Pacific Islands, phylogeny, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Hawaii, Abundance (ecology), Genetics, Animals, rarity, functional traits, dispersal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Extinction, Ecology, evolutionary distinctiveness, Biodiversity, commonness, 15. Life on land, Plants, Habitat, speciation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, plant size, Conservation biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Rarity is a complex and central concept in ecology and conservation biology. Yet, it is still poorly understood why some species are rare and others common. Here, we aimed to understand the drivers of species rarity patterns in woody plant communities.We analyzed the local abundance and landscape frequency of 121 woody plant species across 238 plots on American Samoa and Hawaiian islands. We first assessed whether taxonomy, life form (shrub, small tree, large tree), and dispersal syndrome (dispersed by animals or by other means) are associated with the rarity of species. We then analyzed phylogenetic patterns in plant rarity and tested whether rarity patterns are associated with species evolutionary distinctiveness and the number of species within genera and families.Large trees were less abundant but more frequent than shrub species. Animal-dispersed species tended to be less abundant than species dispersed by other means, while species frequency was not associated with dispersal syndromes. Relative frequency in Hawai'i exhibited a more robust phylogenetic signal than did abundance. Both evolutionary distinctiveness and taxa species richness were significantly associated with the frequency of shrub species in Hawai'i.Life form appears consistently associated with the rarity of species. High diversification rate is probably a key factor explaining landscape-scale rarity of native species on isolated archipelagos like Hawai'i. At the landscape scale, rarity appears to be inversely associated with evolutionary distinctiveness, but at the local scale, species abundance may be not associated with evolutionary distinctiveness.
Published: 2021

13. Epidemics and the future of coffee production

Author: Grégoire Leclerc, Christopher M. Bacon, Daniel P. Bebber, Chris Knudson, Jacques Avelino, Kevon Rhiney, M. Catherine Aime, Zack Guido, Rutgers University [Camden], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), University of Arizona, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza - Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Santa Clara University, Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés (SENS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Purdue University [West Lafayette], University of Exeter, National Science Foundation Grant BCS-1539795, project Assessment of Diversification Strategies in Smallholder Coffee Systems (No AF 1507-086 : No FDNC Engt 00063479) supported under the 'Thought for Food' Initiative of the Agropolis Foundation (through the 'Investissements d'avenir' programme with reference number ANR10-LABX-0001-01), Fondazione Cariplo and Daniel & Nina Carasso. Jacques Avelino and Gregoire Leclerc are grateful for financial support by the 'Programa Centroamericano de Gestion Integral de la roya del Cafe ', (PROCAGICA) funded by the EU (DCI-ALA/2015/365-17), and ANR-10-LABX-0001,AGRO,Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Latin Americans, Coffea, Coffee, 01 natural sciences, Maladie des plantes, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Industrie du café, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, 1. No poverty, Hemileia vastatrix, Investment (macroeconomics), Agro-industrie, Épidémiologie, S50 - Santé humaine, Perspective, Financial crisis, Rouille, impact économique, Farms, media_common.quotation_subject, Environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Development economics, Industry, impacts socio-économiques, Epidemics, Socioeconomic status, Crise économique, Plant Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, H20 - Maladies des plantes, E10 - Économie et politique agricoles, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Basidiomycota, COVID-19, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Socioeconomic Factors, Agriculture, Unemployment, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; In this perspective, we draw on recent scientific research on the coffee leaf rust (CLR) epidemic that severely impacted several countries across Latin America and the Caribbean over the last decade, to explore how the socioeconomic impacts from COVID-19 could lead to the reemergence of another rust epidemic. We describe how past CLR outbreaks have been linked to reduced crop care and investment in coffee farms, as evidenced in the years following the 2008 global financial crisis. We discuss relationships between CLR incidence, farmer-scale agricultural practices, and economic signals transferred through global and local effects. We contextualize how current COVID-19 impacts on labor, unemployment, stay-at-home orders, and international border policies could affect farmer investments in coffee plants and in turn create conditions favorable for future shocks. We conclude by arguing that COVID-19’s socioeconomic disruptions are likely to drive the coffee industry into another severe production crisis. While this argument illustrates the vulnerabilities that come from a globalized coffee system, it also highlights the necessity of ensuring the well-being of all. By increasing investments in coffee institutions and paying smallholders more, we can create a fairer and healthier system that is more resilient to future social-ecological shocks.
Published: 2021

14. DO-CRIME: Dynamic On-sky Covariance Random Interaction Matrix Evaluation, a novel method for calibrating adaptive optics systems

Author: Mark Chun, Ryan Dungee, Olivier Lai, Marcel Carbillet, Jessica R. Lu, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institute for astronomy [Hilo, Hawaï], University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France., COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], FOS: Physical sciences, instrumentation: adaptive optics, 01 natural sciences, Deformable mirror, methods: numerical, Matrix (mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, observational, Adaptive optics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Wavefront, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cassegrain reflector, techniques: high angular resolution, Astronomy and Astrophysics, telescopes, Wavefront sensor, Covariance, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Secondary mirror, Algorithm, high angular resolution, atmospheric effects
Abstract: International audience; Abstract Adaptive optics systems require a calibration procedure to operate, whether in closed loop or even more importantly in forward control. This calibration usually takes the form of an interaction matrix and is a measure of the response on the wavefront sensor to wavefront corrector stimulus. If this matrix is sufficiently well conditioned, it can be inverted to produce a control matrix, which allows to compute the optimal commands to apply to the wavefront corrector for a given wavefront sensor measurement vector. Interaction matrices are usually measured by means of an artificial source at the entrance focus of the adaptive optics system; however, adaptive secondary mirrors on Cassegrain telescopes offer no such focus and the measurement of their interaction matrices becomes more challenging and needs to be done on-sky using a natural star. The most common method is to generate a theoretical or simulated interaction matrix and adjust it parametrically (for example, decenter, magnification, rotation) using on-sky measurements. We propose a novel method of measuring on-sky interaction matrices ab initio from the telemetry stream of the AO system using random patterns on the deformable mirror with diagonal commands covariance matrices. The approach, being developed for the adaptive secondary mirror upgrade for the imaka wide-field AO system on the UH2.2m telescope project, is shown to work on-sky using the current imaka testbed.
Published: 2020

15. Developing adaptive secondary mirror concepts for the APF and W.M. Keck Observatory based on HVR technology

Author: Matthew Radovan, Molly R. Kosiarek, Stefan Kuiper, Mark Chun, Wouter Jonker, Andrew J. Skemer, Peter Wizinowich, Brad Holden, Rachel Bowens-Rubin, Christoph Baranec, Matthew Maniscalco, Sam Ragland, Philip M. Hinz, Stephanie Sallum, Jessica R. Lu, Renate Kupke, Olivier Lai, Daren Dillon, Kevin Bundy, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute for astronomy [Hilo, Hawaï], Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [UCSC Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: W. M. Keck Observatory, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Computer science, Cassegrain reflector, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010309 optics, Telescope, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Secondary mirror, Actuator, Adaptive optics, Focus (optics), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: An Adaptive secondary mirror (ASM) allows for the integration of adaptive optics (AO) into the telescope itself. Adaptive secondary mirrors, based on hybrid variable reluctance (HVR) actuator technology, developed by TNO, provide a promising path to telescope-integrated AO. HVR actuators have the advantage of allowing mirrors that are stiffer, more power efficient, and potentially less complex than similar, voice-coil based ASM's. We are exploring the application of this technology via a laboratory testbed that will validate the technical approach. In parallel, we are developing conceptual designs for ASMs at several telescopes including the Automated Planet Finder Telescope (APF) and for Keck Observatory. An ASM for APF has the potential to double the light through the slit for radial velocity measurements, and dramatically improved the image stability. An ASM for WMKO enables ground layer AO correction and lower background infrared AO observations, and provides for more flexible deployment of instruments via the ability to adjust the location of the Cassegrain focus., Comment: 16 pages, Proceedings of SPIE
Published: 2020

16. Performance analysis of the adaptive secondary mirror for the UH2.2 telescope

Author: Wouter Jonker, Jessica R. Lu, Matthew Maniscalco, Robbert Voorhoeve, O. Lai, E. van der Ven, M. Chun, Stefan Kuiper, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Institute for astronomy [Hilo, Hawaï], University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Department of Astronomy [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], and University of California-University of California
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Volume (computing), 01 natural sciences, Deformable mirror, law.invention, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010309 optics, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Active cooling, Metre, Aerospace engineering, Secondary mirror, Actuator, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Closed loop
Abstract: International audience; TNO and industrial partners are developing a new type of adaptive secondary mirrors (ASM) for the University of Hawaii 2.2-meter telescope, consisting of 210 actuators, in an overall volume of ø63cm by 15cm height, and having an aspherical convex mirror-shell of 3,5mm thickness. The novel actuator technology enables a compact system without active cooling that can be retro-fitted within the same mass and volume of an existing passive secondary mirror. This development enables affordable and reliable ASM systems for the world's larger telescopes as well as the many telescopes in the 2-4 meter class. This paper presents the overall design of this ASM and focusses on the performance analysis regarding its figure quality, its dynamical behavior and the related closed loop performances.
Published: 2020

17. A new adaptive secondary mirror for astronomy on the University of Hawaii 2.2-meter telescope

Author: Mark Chun, Wouter Jonker, Olivier Lai, Stefan Kuiper, Ruihan Zhang, Christoph Baranec, Jessica R. Lu, Matthew Maniscalco, Institute for astronomy [Hilo, Hawaï], University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Department of Astronomy [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, and Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica - Chinese Academy of Sciences [Shanghai]
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Metre, business, Secondary mirror, Adaptive optics, Actuator, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; We are developing a new adaptive secondary mirror (ASM) for the University of Hawaii 2.2-meter telescope based on a novel and very efficient hybrid variable reluctance actuator developed by TNO. The actuator technology has broad implications on the ASM design and results in an ASM with a thicker facesheet, lower power dissipation, and simple controls. We report here preparations and plans for lab testing as well as on-sky demonstration of the ASM. The lab calibrations of the ASM influence functions will use a phase measuring deflectometry setup. The on-sky tests will include the evaluation of the use of the ASM for narrow field AO observations at visible through near infrared wavelengths, for very wide fields of view ground-layer adaptive optics, and for seeing limited non-adaptive optics observations.
Published: 2020

18. Targeted amplicon sequencing of 40 nuclear genes supports a single introduction and rapid radiation of Hawaiian Metrosideros (Myrtaceae)

Author: Scott M. Geib, Srikar Chamala, W. Brad Barbazuk, Julian R. Dupuis, Tomoko Sakishima, Yohan Pillon, Chrissen E. C. Gemmill, Elizabeth A. Stacy, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), University of Waikato [Hamilton], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), National Science Foundation (NSF) (DEB 0954274, HRD 0833211), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA, National Science Foundation (NSF)DEB 0954274, and HRD 0833211
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nuclear gene, Metrosideros, Plant Science, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Pacific Islands, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nucleotide diversity, Monophyly, Phylogenetics, NOUVELLE ZELANDE, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, PACIFIQUE ILES, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, PHILIPPINES, Island biogeography, Phylogenetic tree, Phylogenomics, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 076, 020, 082, SALOMONS ILES, Evolutionary biology, Phylogenetic Pattern, NOUVELLE GUINEE, Molecular phylogenetics, Next-generation sequencing, NOUVELLE CALEDONIE, Molecular dating, HAWAI, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Compared to traditionally used plastid or ribosomal markers, nuclear gene markers provide many advantages for molecular systematics of plants, and high-throughput sequencing technologies are making large nuclear datasets available at an unprecedented rate. We used targeted amplicon sequencing of 44 nuclear genes to construct a time-calibrated phylogeny of genus Metrosideros (Myrtaceae), evaluate recent systematic revisions, and assess whether phylogenetic signal within the Hawaiian Archipelago is correlated with island biogeography or morphological diversification. We generated a final dataset of 40 nuclear genes for 187 specimens, used multiple search heuristics and species-tree analysis to estimate a phylogeny, and incorporated new fossils for the genus to estimate divergence times across the dataset. All analyses supported the monophyly of Metrosideros, including Carpolepis and Tepualia. Hawaiian Metrosideros were monophyletic and dated to 3.1 MYA using new fossils for the genus, which is intermediate to previous estimates based on nuclear ribosomal/chloroplast loci and calibrated with island ages. Within the Hawaiian Metrosideros clade, we observed short branch lengths and unresolved relationships, and phylogenetic patterns were not concordant with biogeographic hypotheses of island progression, or the delineation of taxa or morphotypes. Average nucleotide diversity was relatively consistent across the Hawaiian Islands with the exception of slightly lower diversity on Kaua'i. These results provide a data-rich estimate of the timing of a single introduction of Metrosideros to Hawai'i and highlight the need for molecular markers with higher evolutionary rates for resolution of relationships within this recent radiation.
Published: 2019

19. The triaxial ellipsoid size, density, and rotational pole of asteroid (16) Psyche from Keck and Gemini AO observations 2004–2015

Author: William J. Merline, Peter Tamblyn, Katherine de Kleer, Clark R. Chapman, Julian C. Christou, Christophe Dumas, B. Enke, Vishnu Reddy, Benoit Carry, Jack D. Drummond, Al Conrad, Imke de Pater, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), W.M. Keck Observatory, Department of Space Studies [Boulder], Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Gemini Observatory, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Laboratoire d'astrophysique de l'observatoire de Besançon (UMR 6091) (LAOB), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Planetesimal, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spacecraft, business.industry, Ecliptic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Orbital period, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Asteroid, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Adaptive optics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Principal axis theorem
Abstract: We analyze a comprehensive set of our adaptive optics (AO) images taken at the 10 m W. M. Keck telescope and the 8 m Gemini telescope to derive values for the size, shape, and rotational pole of asteroid (16) Psyche. Our fit of a large number of AO images, spanning 14 years and covering a range of viewing geometries, allows a well-constrained model that yields small uncertainties in all measured and derived parameters, including triaxial ellipsoid dimensions, rotational pole, volume, and density. We find a best fit set of triaxial ellipsoid diameters of (a,b,c) = (274 ± 9, 231 ± 7, 176 ± 7) km, with an average diameter of 223 ± 7 km. Continuing the literature review of Carry (2012), we find a new mass for Psyche of 2.43 ± 0.35 × 1019 kg that, with the volume from our size, leads to a density estimate 4.16 ± 0.64 g/cm3. The largest contribution to the uncertainty in the density, however, still comes from the uncertainty in the mass, not our volume. Psyche’s M classification, combined with its high radar albedo, suggests at least a surface metallic composition. If Psyche is composed of pure nickel-iron, the density we derive implies a macro-porosity of 47%, suggesting that it may be an exposed, disrupted, and reassembled core of a Vesta-like planetesimal. The rotational pole position (critical for planning spacecraft mission operations) that we find is consistent with others, but with a reduced uncertainty: [RA;Dec]=[32°;+5°] or Ecliptic [λ; δ]=[ 32 ∘ ; − 8 ∘ ] with an uncertainty radius of 3°. Our results provide independent measurements of fundamental parameters for this M-type asteroid, and demonstrate that the parameters are well determined by all techniques, including setting the prime meridian over the longest principal axis. The 5.00 year orbital period of Psyche produces only four distinct opposition geometries, suggesting that observations before the arrival of Psyche Mission in 2030 should perhaps emphasize observations away from opposition, although the penalty then would be that the asteroid will be fainter and further than at opposition.
Published: 2018

20. Multi-scale analysis of the Monoceros OB 1 star-forming region

Author: Douglas J. Marshall, Mika Juvela, Sung-ju Kang, David Cornu, D. Alina, Alessio Traficante, Elisabetta R. Micelotta, Patrick M. Koch, Mark G. Rawlings, Ke Wang, Yasuo Doi, Johanna Malinen, Sarolta Zahorecz, Isabelle Ristorcelli, Jinhua He, Archana Soam, Tie Liu, Rebeka Bögner, Patricio Sanhueza, J. Montillaud, Mika Saajasto, Chang Won Lee, David Eden, L. V. Toth, V. M. Pelkonen, Charlotte Vastel, Kee-Tae Kim, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of Helsinki, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Academia Sinica, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Tokyo University of Science [Tokyo], University of Cologne, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics [Beijing] (KIAA-PKU), Peking University [Beijing], European Southern Observatory (ESO), This work was supported by the Programme National 'Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire' (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU with INC/INP co-funded by CEA and CNES., funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730562[RadioNet], The project leading to this publication has received funding from the 'Soutien à la recherche de l’observatoire' by the OSU THETA., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, and Particle Physics and Astrophysics
Subjects: Infrared, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Star (graph theory), 01 natural sciences, ISM: clouds, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Protostar, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, QB, Physics, education.field_of_study, stars: formation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, extinction, Molecular cloud, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Observable, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), dust, extinction, dust, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Context. Current theories and models attempt to explain star formation globally, from core scales to giant molecular cloud scales. A multi-scale observational characterisation of an entire molecular complex is necessary to constrain them. We investigate star formation in G202.3+2.5, a ̃10 × 3 pc sub-region of the Monoceros OB1 cloud with a complex morphology that harbours interconnected filamentary structures. Aims: We aim to connect the evolution of cores and filaments in G202.3+2.5 with the global evolution of the cloud and to identify the engines of the cloud dynamics. Methods: In this first paper, the star formation activity is evaluated by surveying the distributions of dense cores and protostars and their evolutionary state, as characterised using both infrared observations from the Herschel and WISE telescopes and molecular line observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope. Results: We find ongoing star formation in the whole cloud, with a local peak in star formation activity around the centre of G202.3+2.5, where a chain of massive cores (10 - 50 M☉) forms a massive ridge (≳150 M☉). All evolutionary stages from starless cores to Class II protostars are found in G202.3+2.5, including a possibly starless and massive (52 M☉) core, which presents a high column density (8 × 1022 cm-2). Conclusions: All the core-scale observables we examined point to an enhanced star formation activity that is centred on the junction between the three main branches of the ramified structure of G202.3+2.5. This suggests that the increased star formation activity results from the convergence of these branches. To further investigate the origin of this enhancement, it is now necessary to extend the analysis to larger scales in order to examine the relationship between cores, filaments, and their environment. We address these points through the analysis of the dynamics of G202.3+2.5 in a joint paper. Context. Current theories and models attempt to explain star formation globally, from core scales to giant molecular cloud scales. A multi-scale observational characterisation of an entire molecular complex is necessary to constrain them. We investigate star formation in G202.3+2.5, a similar to 10 x 3 pc sub-region of the Monoceros OB1 cloud with a complex morphology that harbours interconnected filamentary structures. Aims. We aim to connect the evolution of cores and filaments in G202.3+2.5 with the global evolution of the cloud and to identify the engines of the cloud dynamics. Methods. In this first paper, the star formation activity is evaluated by surveying the distributions of dense cores and protostars and their evolutionary state, as characterised using both infrared observations from the Herschel and WISE telescopes and molecular line observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope. Results. We find ongoing star formation in the whole cloud, with a local peak in star formation activity around the centre of G202.3+2.5, where a chain of massive cores (10 50 M-circle dot) forms a massive ridge (greater than or similar to 150 M-circle dot). All evolutionary stages from starless cores to Class II protostars are found in G202.3+2.5, including a possibly starless and massive (52 M-circle dot) core, which presents a high column density (8 x 10(22) cm(-2)). Conclusions. All the core-scale observables we examined point to an enhanced star formation activity that is centred on the junction between the three main branches of the ramified structure of G202.3+2.5. This suggests that the increased star formation activity results from the convergence of these branches. To further investigate the origin of this enhancement, it is now necessary to extend the analysis to larger scales in order to examine the relationship between cores, filaments, and their environment. We address these points through the analysis of the dynamics of G202.3+2.5 in a joint paper.
Published: 2019

21. Entering into the Wide Field Adaptive Optics Era in the Northern Hemisphere

Author: Gaetano Sivo, John Blakeslee, Jennifer Lotz, Henry Roe, Morten Andersen, Julia Scharwächter, David Palmer, Scot Kleinman, Andy Adamson, Paul Hirst, Eduardo Marin, Laure Catala, Marcos van Dam, Goodsell, Stephen J., Natalie Provost, Ruben Diaz, Inger Jorgensen, Hwihyun Kim, Marie Lemoine-Busserolle, Celia Blain, Mark Chun, Mark Ammons, Julian Christou, Charlotte Bond, Suresh Sivanandam, Paolo Turri, Peter Wizinowich, Carlos Correia, Benoit Neichel, Jean-Pierre Véran, Simone Esposito, Masen Lamb, Thierry Fusco, François Rigaut, Eric Steinbring, Laboratoire de Traitement et Transport de l'Information (L2TI), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Gemini Observatory [Southern Operations Center], Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Flat Wavefronts, Gemini Observatory, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), W.M. Keck Observatory, University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Institut Galilée-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Neichel, Benoit
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.CO] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [PHYS.ASTR.SR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract: International audience; Gemini Observatory plans to revitalize its AO facility at Gemini North for the benefit of the US and international user community, including a funded MCAO system now in development. Our Strategic Plan calls for the development of a GLAO system enabled by an Adaptive Secondary Mirror. We discuss our plans, progress, and funding outlook.
Published: 2019

22. Gemini North Adaptive Optics (GNAO): an MCAO system for Gemini North towards Conceptual Design

Author: Gaetano Sivo, David Palmer, Julia Scharwächter, Morten Andersen, Natalie Provost, Eduardo Marin, Marcos van Dam, Brian Chinn, Emmanuel Chirre, Charles Cavedoni, Thomas Schneider, Stacy Kang, Paul Hirst, William Rambold, Angelic Ebbers, Pedro Gigoux, Laure Catala, Thomas Hayward, John Blakeslee, Henry Roe, Jennifer Lotz, Scot Kleinman, Manuel Lazo, Celia Blain, Suresh Sivanandam, Anja Feldmeier-Krause, Mark Ammons, Chadwick Trujillo, Chris Packham, Franck Marchis, Julian Christou, James Jee, John Bally, Mike Pierce, Thomas Puzia, Paolo Turri, Hwihyun Kim, Meg Schwamb, Trent Dupuy, Ruben Diaz, Rodrigo Carrasco, Benoit Neichel, Carlos Correia, Eric Steinbring, François Rigaut, Jean-Pierre Véran, Mark Chun, Masen Lamb, Scott Chapman, Simone Esposito, Thierry Fusco, Gemini Observatory [Southern Operations Center], Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Gemini North Observatory, Flat Wavefronts, Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, Gemini Observatory, Tucson, University of Toronto [Scarborough, Canada], University of Chicago, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute (SETI), Large Binocular Telescope Observatory [Tucson] (LBTO), Younsei University, Seoul, South Korea, University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Wyoming (UW), PONTIFICA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE SANTIAGO DE CHILE CHL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), W.M. Keck Observatory, NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, Conseil National de Recherches Canada (CNRC), Australian National University (ANU), Institute for astronomy [Hilo, Hawaï], University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Dalhousie University [Halifax], INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), University of Toronto at Scarborough, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Adaptive Optics, Gemini Observatory, Multi-conjugate adaptive optics, High Angular Resolution, GNAO, GeMS
Abstract: International audience; Gemini Observatory has been awarded from the National Science Foundation a major fund to build a new state-of-the-art Multi Conjugate Adaptive Optics facility for Gemini North on Maunakea called GNAO. The current Telephone: 1+56 51 2205 642 baseline system will use two lasers each split in two to create an artificial constellation of four laser guide star to measure the distortions caused by the atmosphere. At least two deformable mirror conjugated to 0km and the main altitude layer above Maunakea will be used to correct these distortions. The facility will be designed to feed future instrumentation, initially a near infrared imager and potentially a visiting 4-arm multi object adaptive optics IFU spectrograph. 1 In this paper I will present the main characteristics of this exciting facility, its promises and its challenges. I will also present its conceptual design and results of trade studies conducted within the team and the Gemini Adaptive Optics Working Group. The expected first light is for October 2024.
Published: 2019

23. Adaptive Secondary Mirror development for the UH-88 telescope

Author: Kuiper, S., Jonker, W.A., Maniscalco, M.P., Priem, H., Coolen, C., Chun, M., Baranec, C., Lu, J., Lai, O., University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Optical telescopes, Ground-layer adaptive optics, Industrial Innovation, Ground Layer Adaptive Optics, Deformable Mirror, High Tech Systems & Materials, UH-88, Radius of curvature, University of Hawaii, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Adaptive secondary mirrors, Actuator principles, Industrial partners, Critical design, Deformable mirror, Adaptive optics, Actuators, Adaptive mirrors, Adaptive Secondary Mirror
Abstract: International audience; TNO and industrial partners VDL ETG, L3Harris and Hyperion are developing a novel Adaptive Secondary Mirror (ASM) for Ground Layer Adaptive Optics (GLAO) at the University of Hawaii's 88-inch telescope on Mauna Kea. The ASM is based on a unique actuator principle which delivers a >30µm PV 99% linear stroke at a very high efficiency in terms of force per unit of volume and of power. The adaptive mirror does not require active cooling and due to its compactness can be fitted within the same volume of the original passive mirror. The overall dimensions of the ASM for the UH88 are ø63cm with 204 actuators in a circular grid and an overall height of 13cm. The ULE mirror shell has an aspherical convex shape with a 4,2-meter radius of curvature and a thickness of 3,5mm. At the time of writing of this paper the project is in the critical design phase with installation on the telescope anticipated late 2020.
Published: 2019

24. Multiple colonizations, hybridization and uneven diversification in Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) lineages on Hawai'i Island

Author: Donald K. Price, Tomoko Sakishima, Yohan Pillon, Melissa A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Stacy, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont Graduate University [Claremont, CA ], Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Hawaii at Hilo, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], and University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, inter-island, Insular biogeography, Population, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Hawaii, 03 medical and health sciences, species radiations, Colonization, education, molecular dating, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ancestral area estimation, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, geography, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Phylogenetic tree, Cyrtandra, island biogeography, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 076, 082, inter-island colonization, 15. Life on land, colonization, biology.organism_classification, Evolutionary biology, Archipelago, Genetic structure, Biological dispersal, community assembly, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Aim The diversity and composition of species pools within oceanic archipelagos is determined by a combination of colonization, abiotic tolerance, in situ diversification, biotic interactions and extinction. The signature of biogeographic events and evolutionary processes, however, may be masked by recent coalescence and hybridization between closely related species. We used the species-rich plant genus Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) to investigate the roles of colonization and hybridization in shaping community assemblages on the geologically young Hawai'i Island. Location Hawaiian Islands. Taxon Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae). Methods We sampled 29 Cyrtandra taxa and putative hybrids across the main Hawaiian Islands and generated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from nine single-copy nuclear genes. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, divergence times were estimated using secondary calibrations and island ages, and ancestral area estimation was done using likelihood models. Lastly, we used a Bayesian population assignment test and principal components analysis to infer population genetic structure. Results Cyrtandra colonization of the main Hawaiian Islands appears to have followed the progression rule, whereby the oldest high Hawaiian Islands (Kaua'i and O'ahu) were colonized first, followed by colonization of the younger islands as habitat became available. Hawai'i Island was colonized four times, with two dispersal events from O'ahu and two from Maui Nui. The different colonization events gave rise to significantly uneven numbers of species, and hybridization among the incipient lineages was detected in the form of intermediate genotypes. Main conclusions Our investigation into community assembly in a species-rich plant genus on a geologically young oceanic island revealed a history of multiple colonizations and hybridization among colonizing lineages. The rapid diversification (3.5 species/My) of one of four Cyrtandra lineages on Hawai'i Island may be the result of hybridization between genetically diverse lineages that stem from independent colonization events. Multiple colonization events followed by a merging of lineages may be particularly common during early-stage community assembly on islands and, through the generation of genetic variation, may be especially important for species diversification.
Published: 2019

25. Local Turbulence: Effects and causes

Author: Lai, Olivier, Withington, Kanoa, Laugier, Romain, Chun, Mark, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Lai, Olivier, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corporation (CFHT), National Research Council of Canada (NRC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), and University of Hawai'i [Hilo]
Subjects: mirror seeing, dome seeing, [SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Optical turbulence, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), adaptive optics, GLAO, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract: International audience; Dome seeing is a known source of image quality degradation, but despite tremendous progress in wavefront control with the development of adaptive optics and environmental control through implementation of dome venting, surprisingly little is known about it quantitatively. We have found evidence of non-Kolmogorov dome turbulence from our observations with the imaka wide field adaptive optics system; PSFs seem to indicate an excess of high spatial frequencies and turbulence profiles reveal turbulence at negative conjugations. This has motivated the development of a new type of optical turbulence sensor called AIR-FLOW, Airborne Interferometric Recombiner: Fluctuations of Light at Optical Wavelengths. It is a non-redundant mask imaging interferometer that samples the optical turbulence passing through a measurement cell and it measures the two-dimensional optical Phase Structure Function. This is a useful tool to characterise different types of turbulence (e.g. Kolmogorov, diffusive turbulence, etc.). By fitting different models, we can determine parameters such as Cn 2 , r0, L0 or deviation from fully developed turbulence. The instrument was tested at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope, at the University of Hawaii 2.2-meter telescope (UH88'') and at the Observatoire de la C{\^o}te d'Azur. It is ruggedised and sensitive enough to detect changes with different dome vent configurations, as well as slow local variations of the index of refraction in the UH88'' telescope tube. The instrument is portable enough that it can be used to locate sources of turbulence inside and around domes, but it can also be used in an operational setting without affecting observations to characterise the local optical turbulence responsible for dome seeing. Thus, it could be used in real-time observatory control systems to configure vents and air handlers to effectively reduce dome seeing. We believe it could also be a tool for site surveys to evaluate dome seeing mitigation strategies in situ.
Published: 2019
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26. Multi-scale analysis of the Monoceros OB 1 star-forming region: II. Colliding filaments in the Monoceros OB1 molecular cloud

Author: David Cornu, David Eden, Mika Saajasto, Jinhua He, Charlotte Vastel, Chang Won Lee, D. Alina, Elisabetta R. Micelotta, Kee-Tae Kim, Yasuo Doi, Alessio Traficante, Sarolta Zahorecz, Ke Wang, Sung-ju Kang, Mark G. Rawlings, V. M. Pelkonen, D. J. Marshall, J. Montillaud, Isabelle Ristorcelli, Mika Juvela, Patrick M. Koch, Archana Soam, Johanna Malinen, L. Viktor Tóth, Tie Liu, Rebeka Bögner, Patricio Sanhueza, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of Helsinki, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), UNIV CHILI, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Okayama University, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Academia Sinica, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Tokyo University of Science [Tokyo], University of Cologne, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), European Southern Observatory (ESO), This work was supported by the Programme National 'Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire' (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU with INC/INP co-funded by CEA and CNES., funding from the 'Soutien à la recherche de l’observatoire' by the OSU THETA., The project leading to this publication has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730 562 [RadioNet]., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Okayama University [Okayama]
Subjects: Infrared, LINE, FOS: Physical sciences, M QUIET CLUMPS, DUST, Astrophysics, HERBIG-HARO FLOWS, MASS, POLARIMETRY, 01 natural sciences, ISM: clouds, MAGNETIC-FIELDS, Protein filament, 0103 physical sciences, Protostar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, QB, Physics, stars: formation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Velocity gradient, Star formation, Molecular cloud, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Collision, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, GAS, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), PROTOCLUSTERS, Vector field, EMISSION, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: We started a multi-scale analysis of G202.3+2.5, an intertwined filamentary region of Monoceros OB1. In Paper I, we examined the distributions of dense cores and protostars and found enhanced star formation (SF) activity in the junction region of the filaments. In this second paper, we aim to unveil the connections between the core and filament evolutions, and between the filament dynamics and the global evolution of the cloud. We characterise the gas dynamics and energy balance using Herschel and WISE observations and molecular tracers observed with the IRAM 30m and TRAO 14m telescopes. The velocity field of the cloud is examined and velocity-coherent structures are put in perspective with the cloud environment. Two main velocity components (VCs) are revealed, well separated in the north and merged around the location of intense N2H+ emission where Paper I found the peak of SF activity. The relative position of the two VCs along the sightline, and the velocity gradient in N2H+ emission imply that the VCs have been undergoing collision for ~10^5 yrs. The dense gas where N2H+ is detected is interpreted as the compressed region between the two filaments, which corresponds to a high mass inflow rate of ~1e-3 Msun/yr and possibly leads to an increase in its SF efficiency. We identify a protostar in the junction region that possibly powers two crossed intermittent outflows. We show that the HII region around the nearby cluster NCG 2264 is still expanding and its role in the collision is examined. However, we cannot rule out the idea that the collision arises mostly from the global collapse of the cloud. The (sub-)filament-scale observables examined in this paper reveal a collision between G202.3+2.5 sub-structures and its probable role in feeding the cores in the junction region. One must now characterise the cloud morphology, its fragmentation, and magnetic field, all at high resolution., Comment: A&A, in press; IRAM and TRAO data cubes will be available at CDS
Published: 2019
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27. Screening and Biosecurity for White-Nose Fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Ascomycota: Pseudeurotiaceae) in Hawai‘i1

Author: Kristina Montoya-Aiona, Violeta Zhelyazkova, Corinna A. Pinzari, Nia Toshkova, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Frank J. Bonaccorso, Serena E. Dool, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, Bulgaria (NMNHS), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), US Geological Survey [Pasadena], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, pathogen pollution, Fauna, Biosecurity, Fungus, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, bat conservation, emerging infectious diseases, Cave, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, cave management, Pseudeurotiaceae, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Lasiurus, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Mass mortality, Geography, white-nose syndrome, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Introduced pathogens causing emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are serious contemporary threats to animal, plant, and ecosystem health. The invasive fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has established populations of European origin in North America, resulting in mass mortality of several hibernating bat species. Extensive monitoring for this pathogen exists in Europe and North America, but limited screening is taking place elsewhere. We report results from cave surveys on Hawai‘i Island. Substrates in 10 lava-tube caves with elevations up to 3,045 m were swabbed providing samples for screening P. destructans. Interior cave air temperatures spanned temperatures suitable for the growth and survival of P. destructans. Using quantitative PCR, all 85 samples tested were negative for the presence of P. destructans. The biology of the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) in relation to its unusual use of high elevation caves is discussed because these bats could come into contact with P. destructans should it arrive in Hawai‘i. Large numbers of cave enthusiasts visit Hawaiian caves from across the world after having been inside caves elsewhere including areas with P. destructans. Thus, resource managers in Hawai‘i and other remote areas may want to consider the potential for P. destructans to arrive unintentionally via human activities. Biosecurity measures and periodic screening for P. destructans are especially important in Hawai‘i given the presence of high elevation caves with suitable temperatures for its growth. If P. destructans was introduced to Hawaiian caves, it could affect the local fauna but also act as a source population for colonisations elsewhere.
Published: 2019

28. SCExAO, an instrument with a dual purpose: perform cutting-edge science and develop new technologies

Author: Naruhisa Takato, David S. Doelman, Jeremy Kasdin, Tyler D. Groff, Nour Skaf, Elsa Huby, Mamadou N'Diaye, Jeffrey Chilcote, Ben Mazin, Michael J. Ireland, Frantz Martinache, Nemanja Jovanovic, Thayne Currie, Christophe Clergeon, Hideki Takami, Prashant Pathak, Sean Goebel, Sébastien Vievard, Peter G. Tuthill, Barnaby Norris, Takayuki Kotani, Ananya Sahoo, Tomoyuki Kudo, Nick Cvetojevic, M. Hayashi, Alex B. Walter, Justin Knight, Frans Snik, Olivier Guyon, Hajime Kawahara, Yosuke Minowa, Julien Lozi, Sylvestre Lacour, Motohide Tamura, Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Wyant College of Optical Sciences [University of Arizona], University of Arizona, National Institutes of Natural Sciences [Tokyo] (NINS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute for astronomy [Hilo, Hawaï], University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Graduate University for Advanced Studies [Hayama] (SOKENDAI), Macquarie University, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Australian National University (ANU), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Stanford University, Princeton University, Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Close, Laird M., Schreiber, Laura, Schmidt, Dirk, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)
Subjects: Infrared, Computer science, Segmented mirror, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Integral field spectrograph, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Adaptive optics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Wavefront, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Exoplanet, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Subaru Telescope, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) instrument is an extremely modular high-contrast instrument installed on the Subaru telescope in Hawaii. SCExAO has a dual purpose. Its position in the northern hemisphere on a 8-meter telescope makes it a prime instrument for the detection and characterization of exoplanets and stellar environments over a large portion of the sky. In addition, SCExAO's unique design makes it the ideal instrument to test innovative technologies and algorithms quickly in a laboratory setup and subsequently deploy them on-sky. SCExAO benefits from a first stage of wavefront correction with the facility adaptive optics AO188, and splits the 600-2400 nm spectrum towards a variety of modules, in visible and near infrared, optimized for a large range of science cases. The integral field spectrograph CHARIS, with its J, H or K-band high-resolution mode or its broadband low-resolution mode, makes SCExAO a prime instrument for exoplanet detection and characterization. Here we report on the recent developments and scientific results of the SCExAO instrument. Recent upgrades were performed on a number of modules, like the visible polarimetric module VAMPIRES, the high-performance infrared coronagraphs, various wavefront control algorithms, as well as the real-time controller of AO188. The newest addition is the 20k-pixel Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKIDS) Exoplanet Camera (MEC) that will allow for previously unexplored science and technology developments. MEC, coupled with novel photon-counting speckle control, brings SCExAO closer to the final design of future high-contrast instruments optimized for Giant Segmented Mirror Telescopes (GSMTs)., 12 pages, 9 figures, conference proceedings (SPIE Astronomical telescopes and instrumentation 2018)
Published: 2018

29. Deconstructing turbulence and optimising GLAO using imaka telemetry

Author: Douglas Toomey, Dora Fohring, Maxwell Service, Jessica R. Lu, Fatima Abdurrahman, Mark R. Chun, Olivier Lai, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Department of Geological Sciences [Oregon], University of Oregon [Eugene], Laird M. Close, Laura Schreiber, Dirk Schmidt, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: dome seeing, Phase (waves), ground layer adaptive optics, tomography, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, optical turbulence, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Turbulence, turbulence profiling, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Interferometry, Cardinal point, Spatial frequency, Halo, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Level of detail
Abstract: International audience; By analyzing global covariance matrices from the imaka GLAO system at the UH 2.2m telescope, it is possible to reconstruct ground layer strength, the integrated turbulence strength as well as the vertical turbulence profile. These are compared to simultaneous profiles obtained by the Maunakea facility MASS/DIMM. A method has been developed to directly compute the phase structure function from the covariances of the slopes, obtained from the telemetry data. The phase structure function allows to test the validity of the Kolmogorov (or van Karman) model and the spatial frequency content of the turbulence: Dome and telescope tube seeing are expected to have an excess of high spatial frequencies, which is detrimental to the PSF by amplifying the halo, and which the AO system cannot correct. The telescope, the dome and their interaction with the ground layer produce a complex environment for the turbulence. We are therefore developing a small, portable optical turbulence sensor which we will be able to use to scan the dome and telescope tube to quantify the local presence of turbulence. This is the AIR-FLOW (Airborne Interferometric Recombiner-Fluctuations of Light at Optical Wavelengths) project. With imaka and AIR-FLOW we hope to generate a coherent and quantitative account of the turbulence type and strength present in the telescope beam and to accurately match this detailed phase information to the focal plane images. Such a level of detail is required to understand and eventually be able to control the local environment for optimized image quality. We foresee this expertise will be especially valuable for ELTs, where the halo around the PSF will act like an extra source of background.
Published: 2018

30. Real-time implementation of an LQG tip-tilt controller for regular science observation on GeMS

Author: Caroline Kulcsár, Cristian Moreno, Vincent Garrel, Vanessa Montes, Pedro Gigoux, Benoit Neichel, Chad Trujillo, Jean-Marc Conan, Rémy Juvénal, Jeff Donahue, Marcos A. van Dam, Gaetano Sivo, Rodrigo Carrasco, Henri-François Raynaud, Lucie Leboulleux, Cyril Petit, Eduardo Marin, William Rambold, Gemini Observatory [Southern Operations Center], Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Spim, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), W.M. Keck Observatory, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Imagerie et Information, Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Gemini Observatory, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Flat Wavefronts, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SPIE, Enrico Marchetti, Laird M. Close, and Jean-Pierre Véran
Subjects: Optimal Control, Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 010309 optics, Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, Gemini Planet Imager, LQG, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, GeMS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Simulation, Physics, Spectral density, Natural frequency, Kalman filter, Optimal control, Multi-Conjugated Adaptive Optics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Autoregressive model, Integrator, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Adaptive Optics, Vibrations Rejection, Kalman Filter
Abstract: International audience; AO systems aim at detecting and correcting for optical distortions induced by atmospheric turbulences. They are also extremely sensitive to extraneous sources of perturbation such as vibrations, which degrade the performance. The Gemini South telescope has currently two main AO systems: the Gemini Multi Conjugated AO System GeMS and the Gemini Planet Imager GPI. GeMS is operational and regularly used for science observation delivering close to diffraction limit resolution over a large field of view (85×85 arcsec2). Performance limitation due to the use of an integrator for tip-tilt control is here explored. In particular, this type of controller does not allow for the mitigation of vibrations with an arbitrary natural frequency. We have thus implemented a tip-tilt Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller with different underlying perturbation models: (i) a sum of autoregressive models of order 2 identified from an estimated power spectrum density (s-AR2) of the perturbation,1 already tested on CANARY2 and routinely used on SPHERE;3 (ii) cascaded ARMA models of order 2 identified using prediction error minimization (c-PEM) as proposed in.4, 5 Both s-AR2 and c-PEM were parameterized to produce tip or tilt state-space models up to order 20 and 30 respectively. We discuss the parallelized implementation in the real time computer and the expected performance. On-sky tests are scheduled during the November 2016 run or the January 2017 run.
Published: 2016

31. Palaeotsunamis in the Pacific Islands

Author: Bruce E. Jaffe, Catherine Chagué-Goff, Michael Bonté-Grapetin, Scott L. Nichol, Geoffroy Lamarche, Shane J. Cronin, Marco Cisternas, Mark Horrocks, James Goff, Dale Dominey-Howes, Walter Dudley, Brian G. McAdoo, Bernard Pelletier, Australian Tsunami Research Centre, Australian Nuclear and Science Technology Organisation, Natural Hazards Research Laboratory, School of Safety Science, Department of Earth Science and Geography, Vassar College, Volcanic Risk Solutions, SOPAC Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission, Canberra ACT 2601, Microfossil Research, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificio Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), US Geological Survey [Santa Cruz], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Department of Marine Science, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: sources, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Disaster risk reduction, Pacific Island Countries, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Palaeotsunami, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pacific ocean, Oceanography, Geography, Tsunami hazard, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 14. Life underwater, risk, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The recent 29 September 2009 South Pacific and 27 February 2010 Chilean events are a graphic reminder that the tsunami hazard and risk for the Pacific Ocean region should not be forgotten. Pacific Islands Countries (PICs) generally have short (< 150 years) historic records, which means that to understand their tsunami hazard and risk researchers must study evidence for prehistoric events. However, our current state of knowledge of palaeotsunamis in PICs as opposed to their circum-Pacific counterparts is minimal at best. We briefly outline the limited extent of our current knowledge and propose an innovative methodology for future research in the Pacific. Each PIC represents a point source of information in the Pacific Ocean and this would allow their palaeotsunami records to be treated akin to palaeo-DART® (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) buoys. Contemporaneous palaeotsunamis from local, regional and distant sources could be identified by using the spatial distribution of island records throughout the Pacific Ocean in conjunction with robust event chronologies. This would be highly innovative and, more importantly, would help provide the building blocks necessary to achieve more meaningful disaster risk reduction for PICs.
Published: 2011

32. Dust spectrum and polarisation at 850 μm in the massive IRDC G035.39-00.33

Author: Juvela, Mika, Guillet, V., Liu, Tie, Ristorcelli, Isabelle, Pelkonen, Veli-Matti, Alina, Dana, Bronfman, Leonardo, Eden, David J., Kim, Kee Tae, Koch, Patrick M., Kwon, Woojin, Lee, Chang Won, Malinen, Johanna, Micelotta, Elisabetta, Montillaud, Julien, Rawlings, Mark G., Sanhueza, Patricio, Soam, Archana, Traficante, Alessio, Ysard, Nathalie, Zhang, Chuan-Peng, Eden, David, Koch, Patrick, Rawlings, Mark, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Plant Biology [Carnegie] (DPB), Carnegie Institution for Science, Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Academia Sinica, Div Life Sci, Lab Proteome Anal & Mol Physiol, Gyeongsang Natl Univ, University of Cologne, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], NASA Ames Research Center Cooperative for Research in Earth Science in Technology (ARC-CREST), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Helsinki, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Department of Physics
Subjects: GRAIN ALIGNMENT, Opacity, RADIATIVE TORQUES, SCUBA-2 OBSERVATIONS, INFRARED OBSERVATIONS, Extinction (astronomy), FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics, MOLECULAR CLOUD, POLARIMETRY, ISM: clouds, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Protein filament, DARK CLOUD, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, TAURUS, GOULD BELT SURVEY, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, QB, infrared: ISM, Physics, Spectral index, stars: formation, stars: protostars, extinction, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular cloud, MAGNETIC-FIELD, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Magnetic field, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), submillimeter: ISM, dust, extinction, dust, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: The dust sub-millimetre polarisation of star-forming clouds carries information on dust and the role of magnetic fields in cloud evolution. With observations of a dense filamentary cloud G035.39-00.33, we aim to characterise the dust emission properties and the variations of the polarisation fraction. JCMT SCUBA-2/POL-2 data at 850um are combined with Planck 850um (353GHz) data to map polarisation fractions. With previous SCUBA-2 observations (450um and 850um) and Herschel data, the column densities are determined via modified blackbody fits and via radiative transfer modelling. Models are constructed to examine how the polarisation angles and fractions depend on potential magnetic field geometries and grain alignment. POL-2 data show clear changes in the magnetic field orientation. The filament has a peak column density of N(H2)~7 10^22 cm-2, a minimum dust temperature of T~12 K, and a mass of some 4300Msun for the area N(H2)> 5 10^21 cm-2. The estimated average value of the dust opacity spectral index is beta ~ 1.9. The ratio of sub-millimetre and J band optical depths is tau(250 um)/tau(J) ~ 2.5 10^-3, more than four times the typical values for diffuse medium. The polarisation fraction decreases as a function of column density to p ~ 1% in the central filament. Because of noise, the observed decrease of p(N) is significant only at N(H2)>2 10^22 cm-2. The observations suggest that the grain alignment is not constant. Although the data can be explained with a complete loss of alignment at densities above ~ 10^4 cm-3 or using the predictions of radiative torques alignment, the uncertainty of the field geometry and the spatial filtering of the SCUBA-2 data prevent strong conclusions. G035.39-00.33 shows strong signs of dust evolution and the low polarisation fraction is suggestive of a loss of polarised emission from its densest parts., accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2018

33. An Expanded Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) to Include Carpolepis and Tepualia Based on Nuclear Genes

Author: Pillon, Yohan, Lucas, Eve, Johansen, Jennifer, Sakishima, Tomoko, Hall, Brian, Geib, Scott, Stacy, Elizabeth, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Subjects: Tepualia, Myrtaceae, Metrosideros, Carpolepis, phylogeny, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Pacific
Abstract: International audience; The genus Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) comprises 50-60 species found largely across the Pacific Islands. The relationships within this genus, including the circumscriptions of the subgenera Mearnsia and Metrosideros and their relationships with the other members of the tribe Metrosidereae (namely the New Caledonian endemic genus Carpolepis and the South American Tepualia), are poorly understood. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using previously published ITS sequences, covering most species of the tribe, and new sequences of five single-copy nuclear genes with a reduced taxon sampling. The independent and combined analyses of the five nuclear genes using a range of approaches, including Bayesian single-gene, concatenated (MrBayes), concordance (BUCKy) and coalescent (*BEAST) analyses, yielded different topologies, indicating important conflicts among phylogenies based on individual genes. The deep relationships within the tribe Metrosidereae remain poorly resolved, but our results indicate that the species of Carpolepis and Tepualia are likely nested in the genus Metrosideros. A broad circumscription of the genus Metrosideros is therefore adopted, and the new combinations Metrosideros laurifolia var. demonstrans, Metrosideros tardiflora and Metrosideros vitiensis are here published.
Published: 2015

34. A new record for Carpodetus (Rousseaceae) in Vanuatu

Author: L Barrabé, Hcf Hopkins, Elizabeth A. Stacy, Yohan Pillon, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: New Guinea, Phylogenetic tree, Range (biology), Plant Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, DNA barcoding, Taxon, Vanuatu, Genus, Rousseaceae, Botany, Rhamnaceae, Carpodetus, Alphitonia, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; A molecular phylogenetic analysis of a plant specimen collected in Vanuatu (southwest Pacific) that was initially identified as Alphitonia (Rhamnaceae) because of its fruit morphology was found through molecular phylogenetic analysis to in fact belong to Carpodetus (Rousseaceae), a genus previously reported only from New Zealand, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The plant appears relatively distinct genetically from both species currently accepted in this genus, C. serratus and C. arboreus. However we cannot exclude the possibility that it belongs to one of the taxa currently placed in the synonymy of the polymorphic C. arboreus. Beyond the range extension of the genus, this observation also stresses the need for a revision of Carpodetus, particularly in New Guinea.
Published: 2014

35. The metal hyperaccumulators from New Caledonia can broaden our understanding of nickel accumulation in plants

Author: Yohan Pillon, Tanguy Jaffré, Sébastien Thomine, Sylvain Merlot, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut des sciences du végétal (ISV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, comparative tran, ultramafic soils, NICKEL, Biofortification, Plant Science, adaptation, lcsh:Plant culture, PLANTE, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Metallophyte, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, New Caledonia, Botany, PHYTOECOLOGIE, lcsh:SB1-1110, Hyperaccumulator, ESPECE LOCALE, ADAPTATION, Gentianales, SOL ULTRAMAFIQUE, ACCUMULATION, comparative transcriptomic, biology, Ecology, nickel hyperaccumulator, BIODIVERSITE, 15. Life on land, Herbaceous plant, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Malpighiales, Phytoremediation, Liana, Perspective Article, METAL LOURD, metallophyte, RELATION SOL PLANTE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; While an excess of metals such as zinc, cadmium or nickel (Ni) is toxic for most plants, about 500 plant species called hyperaccumulators are able to accumulate high amounts of these metals. These plants and the underlying mechanisms are receiving an increasing interest because of their potential use in sustainable biotechnologies such as biofortification, phytoremediation, and phytomining. Among hyperaccumulators, about 400 species scattered in 40 families accumulate Ni. Despite this wide diversity, our current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in Ni accumulation is still limited and mostly restricted to temperate herbaceous Brassicaceae. New Caledonia is an archipelago of the tropical southwest pacific with a third of its surface (5500 km 2) covered by Ni-rich soils originating from ultramafic rocks. The rich New Caledonia flora contains 2145 species adapted to these soils, among which 65 are Ni hyperaccumulators, including lianas, shrubs or trees, mostly belonging to the orders Celastrales, Oxalidales, Malpighiales, and Gentianales. We present here our current knowledge on Ni hyperaccumulators from New Caledonia and the latest molecular studies developed to better understand the mechanisms of Ni accumulation in these plants.
Published: 2013

36. Time and tempo of diversification in the flora of New Caledonia

Author: Pillon, Yohan and University of Hawai'i [Hilo]
Subjects: island biogeography, ultramafic soils, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], serpentine, Biodiversity hotspots, speciation rate, palms, Pacific
Abstract: International audience; New Caledonia is well known for its rich and unique flora. Many studies have focused on the biogeographical origins of New Caledonian plants but rates of diversification on the island have scarcely been investigated. Here, dated phylogenetic trees from selected published studies were used to evaluate the time and tempo of diversification in New Caledonia. The 12 plant lineages investigated all appear to have colonized the island < 37 Mya, when New Caledonia re-emerged after a period of inundation, and the timing of these arrivals is spread across the second half of the Cenozoic. Diversification rates are not particularly high and are negatively correlated with lineage age. The palms have the fastest diversification rates and also the most recent arrival times. The lineage ages of rainforest plants suggest that this ecosystem has been present for at least 6.9 Myr. The New Caledonian flora is apparently a relatively old community that may have reached a dynamic equilibrium. Colonization by new immigrants has been possible until relatively recently and diversity-dependent processes may still be affecting the diversification rates of the earlier colonizers. Further studies on the diversification of large plant clades with exhaustive sampling should help to clarify this.
Published: 2012

37. Vibrations in AO control: a short analysis of on-sky data around the world

Author: Jean Pierre Veran, Henri-François Raynaud, Carlos Correia, Benoit Neichel, Guido Agapito, Gaetano Sivo, Fabrice Vidal, Olivier Guyon, Simone Esposito, Fernando Quiros-Pacheco, Lorenzo Pettazzi, Frantz Martinache, Jean Marc Conan, Richard Clare, Julian C. Christou, Caroline Kulcsár, Tim Morris, Eric Gendron, Andrés Guesalaga, Gérard Rousset, Enrico Fedrigo, Serge Meimon, Francois Rigaut, Riccardo Muradore, Laboratoire de Traitement et Transport de l'Information (L2TI), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Gemini Observatory, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Department of Computer Science [Verona] (UNIVR | DI), University of Verona (UNIVR), Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), ONERA, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Informatica [Verona], and Università degli Studi di Verona
Subjects: Optical telescopes, Tip-tilt, Vibration peak, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Residual, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 010309 optics, Vibrations (mechanical), Optics, Power spectral density, Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, William Herschel Telescope, Discrete time control systems, LQG control, Adaptive optics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High frequency vibration, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Very large telescope, Physics, Very Large Telescope, Large binocular telescope, Controllers, business.industry, Disturbance identification, Atmospheric turbulence, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Identification (control systems), Large Binocular Telescope, Ranging, Vibration mitigation, H2 control, Spectrum analysis, William herschel telescopes, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Residual vibrations, Vibration, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Adaptive Optics, Adaptive optics systems, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Telescopes
Abstract: We present in this paper an analysis of several tip-tilt on-sky data registered on adaptive optics systems installed on different telescopes (Gemini South, William Herschel Telescope, Large Binocular Telescope, Very Large Telescope, Subaru). Vibration peaks can be detected, and it is shown that their presence and location may vary, and that their origin is not always easy to determine. Mechanical solution that have been realized to mitigate vibrations are presented. Nevertheless, residual vibrations may still affect the instruments' performance, ranging from narrow high frequency vibration peaks to wide low frequency windshake-type perturbations. Power Spectral Densities (PSDs) of on-sky data are presented to evidence these features. When possible, indications are given regarding the gain in performance that could be achieved with adequate controllers accounting for vibration mitigation. Two examples of controller identification and design illustrate their ability to compensate for various types of disturbances (turbulence, windshake, vibration peaks, ...), showing a significant gain in performance. © 2012 SPIE., Adaptive Optics Systems III, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Series: Proceedings of SPIE; no. 8447
Published: 2012

38. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment: First Detection of High Velocity Milky Way Bar Stars

Author: Matthew Shetrone, Mathias Schultheis, Elena Malanushenko, Jon A. Holtzman, Jonathan C. Bird, Rachael L. Beaton, Ricardo P. Schiavon, Annie C. Robin, Steven R. Majewski, Fred R. Hearty, Robert W. O'Connell, Demitri Muna, Ralph Schoenrich, Peter M. Frinchaboy, Kaike Pan, Benjamin J. Weiner, John C. Wilson, Gail Zasowski, Inma Martinez-Valpuesta, Ortwin Gerhard, Howard Brewington, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Carlos Allende Prieto, Audrey Simmons, Viktor Malanushenko, Kris Sellgren, Michael F. Skrutskie, Dmitry Bizyaev, David L. Nidever, Donald P. Schneider, Jennifer A. Johnson, Ana G. Pérez, Jon Brinkmann, Daniel Oravetz, Benjamin A. Weaver, Stephanie A. Snedden, University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Gemini Observatory, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Apache point observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Texas Christian University (TCU), New Mexico State University, New York University [New York] (NYU), and NYU System (NYU)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Milky Way, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Observatory, Bulge, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Physics, Galactic Center, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Giant star, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Commissioning observations with the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III, have produced radial velocities (RVs) for ~4700 K/M-giant stars in the Milky Way bulge. These high-resolution (R \sim 22,500), high-S/N (>100 per resolution element), near-infrared (1.51-1.70 um; NIR) spectra provide accurate RVs (epsilon_v~0.2 km/s) for the sample of stars in 18 Galactic bulge fields spanning -1-32 deg. This represents the largest NIR high-resolution spectroscopic sample of giant stars ever assembled in this region of the Galaxy. A cold (sigma_v~30 km/s), high-velocity peak (V_GSR \sim +200 km/s) is found to comprise a significant fraction (~10%) of stars in many of these fields. These high RVs have not been detected in previous MW surveys and are not expected for a simple, circularly rotating disk. Preliminary distance estimates rule out an origin from the background Sagittarius tidal stream or a new stream in the MW disk. Comparison to various Galactic models suggests that these high RVs are best explained by stars in orbits of the Galactic bar potential, although some observational features remain unexplained., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Published: 2012
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39. Near infra-red spectroscopy of the asteroid 21 Lutetia. I. New results of long-term campaign

Author: Maria Antonietta Barucci, Pascal Descamps, Richard P. Binzel, Schelte J. Bus, Marcello Fulchignoni, Pierre Vernazza, Mirel Birlan, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Institute for astronomy [Hilo, Hawaï], University of Hawai'i [Hilo], and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Near infra red spectroscopy, Physics, asteroids, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Methods observational, Meteorite, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Asteroid, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, minor planets, methods: observational, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, techniques: spectroscopic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Reproduced with permission. Copyright ESO. Article published by EDP Sciences and available at http://www.edpsciences.org/aa.; International audience; Aims. Investigation of the physical nature of the asteroid 21 Lutetia, target of Rosetta mission, is required for the completion of its ground-based science and in the frame of its future fly-by. Monitoring this object is essential in preparing the future encounter with the spacecraft. Methods. The asteroid was observed with SpeX/IRTF in the spectral region 0.9−4.0 μm, in remote observing mode from Meudon, in March 2003 and August 2004. Results. The new spectrum in the range 0.9−2.5 μm confirms the previous results (Birlan et al. 2004), for a neutral trend with a large shallow band around 1 μm. The spectral region around 3 μm is usually considered as a tracer of aqueous alteration of the surface. The 3 μm band in Lutetias' spectrum is shallower than those of hydrated asteroids, and the 2.9 vs. 3.2 ratio reveals a value close to the CV−CO meteorites. The band around 3.1 μm, if it exists in the spectrum of 21 Lutetia, is different from the one present in the spectrum of 1 Ceres, and is lower than 0.5%.
Published: 2006

40. PSF reconstruction for NAOS-CONICA

Author: Gérard Rousset, Damien Gratadour, Thierry Fusco, Christopher Lidman, Nancy Ageorges, Markus Kasper, Sebastian Egner, E. Gendron, Yann Clénet, O. Marco, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, European Southern Observatory (ESO), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Gemini Observatory, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: Point spread function, Physics, Computation, Astrophysics (astro-ph), NAOS-CONICA, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrometry, Thresholding, Photometry (optics), [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Deconvolution, simulations, Altair, PSF reconstruction, Adaptive optics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Algorithm
Abstract: Adaptive optics (AO) allows one to derive the point spread function (PSF) simultaneously to the science image, which is a major advantage in post-processing tasks such as astrometry/photometry or deconvolution. Based on the algorithm of \citet{veran97}, PSF reconstruction has been developed for four different AO systems so far: PUEO, ALFA, Lick-AO and Altair. A similar effort is undertaken for NAOS/VLT in a collaboration between the group PHASE (Onera and Observatoire de Paris/LESIA) and ESO. In this paper, we first introduce two new algorithms that prevent the use of the so-called "$U\_{ij}$ functions" to: (1) avoid the storage of a large amount of data (for both new algorithms), (2) shorten the PSF reconstruction computation time (for one of the two) and (3) provide an estimation of the PSF variability (for the other one). We then identify and explain issues in the exploitation of real-time Shack-Hartmann (SH) data for PSF reconstruction, emphasising the large impact of thresholding in the accuracy of the phase residual estimation. Finally, we present the data provided by the NAOS real-time computer (RTC) to reconstruct PSF ({\em (1)} the data presently available, {\em (2)} two NAOS software modifications that would provide new data to increase the accuracy of the PSF reconstruction and {\em (3)} the tests of these modifications) and the PSF reconstruction algorithms we are developing for NAOS on that basis., Comment: 12 pages & 13 figures. To be published in the proceedings of the SPIE conference Advances in Adaptive Optics - Astronomical Telescopes & Instrumentation, 24-31 May 2006, Orlando
Published: 2006
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41. Near-IR spectroscopy of asteroids 21 Lutetia, 89 Julia, 140 Siwa, 2181 Fogelin, and 5480 (1989YK8), potential targets for the Rosetta mission; remote observations campaign on IRTF

Author: Birlan, Mirel, Bus, Schelte J., Belskaya, Irina, Fornasier, Sonia, Barucci, Maria Antonietta, Binzel, Richard P., Vernazza, Pierre, Fulchignoni, Marcello, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astronomical Institute of Romanian Academy, Romanian Academy, Institute of Astronomy [Hilo], University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Astronomical Observatory of Kharkov University, Kharkov National University, Dipartimento di Astronomia [Padova], Universita degli Studi di Padova, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Ingénieurs, Techniciens et Administratifs, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Hilo, and Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], spectroscopy, Remote observation, Asteroid, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Rosetta space mission, 95.45.+i, 95.85.Jq, 96.30.Ys, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics
Abstract: In the frame of the international campaign to observe potential target asteroids for the Rosetta mission, remote observations have been carried out between Observatoire de Paris, in Meudon-France, and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility on Mauna Kea. The SpeX instrument was used in the 0.8-2.5 microns spectral region, for two observing runs in March and June 2003. This paper presents near-IR spectra of the asteroids 21 Lutetia, 89 Julia, 140 Siwa, 2181 Fogelin, and 5480 (1989YK8). Near-IR spectra of the asteroids 21 Lutetia and 140 Siwa are flat and featureless. The spectrum of 89 Julia reveals absorption bands around 1 and 2 microns, which may indicate the presence of olivine and olivine-pyroxene mixtures and confirm the S-type designation. The small main-belt asteroids 2181 Fogelin and 5480 (1989YK8) are investigated spectroscopically for the first time. Near-IR spectra of these asteroids also show an absorption feature around 1 micron, which could be and indicator of igneous/metamorphic surface of the objects; new observations in visible as well as thermal albedo data are necessary to draw a reliable conclusion on the surface mineralogy of both asteroids., Sent: October 2003, Accepted: December, 2003
Published: 2003

42. Coccoliths in Pleistocene–Holocene nannofossil assemblages

Author: Jean-Claude Duplessy, Robert R. L. Guillard, Walter Dudley, Larry E. Brand, Patricia Blackwelder, University of Hawai'i [Hilo], Centre des Faibles Radioactivités, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010506 paleontology, Multidisciplinary, Pleistocene, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, Isotopic composition, Isotopes of oxygen, Coccolith, Paleontology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Calcium carbonate, chemistry, Phytoplankton, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Marine palaeotemperature studies are increasingly using oxygen isotope analyses of the minute calcium carbonate structures produced by a group of marine phytoplankton, the coccolithophores1–6. To provide a sound experimental basis for palaeotemperature calculations using the isotopic data from analyses of coccoliths, we have grown coccolithophores in laboratory batch culture in controlled environmental conditions, and determined the oxygen isotopic compositions of the coccoliths produced at known temperatures. The results reported here indicate that the oxygen isotopic composition of the coccoliths of all the species studied is strongly temperature dependent. A ‘vital effect’ was observed in all the species, with the isotopic values of different culture samples falling into two definite groups containing separate taxa. The difference in vital effect between different species suggests that calcification processes may vary among different taxa and indicates that a re-evaluation of coccolith oxygen isotope palaeoclimatic interpretations may be in order.
Published: 1980

43. Des chasseurs-cueilleurs paléoindiens aux horticulteurs mésoaméricains : première séquence anthracologique holocène dans les hautes terres du Honduras (11 000-1000 BP)

Author: Lydie Dussol, Kenneth Hirth, Timothy Scheffler, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, and University of Hawai'i [Hilo]
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience

44. Impact of Larval Food Source on the Stability of the Bactrocera dorsalis Microbiome.

Author: Kempraj V, Auth J, Cha DH, and Mason CJ
Subjects: Humans, Female, Animals, Larva, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Fruit, Tephritidae
Abstract: Bacterial symbionts are crucial to the biology of Bactrocera dorsalis. With larval diet (fruit host) being a key factor that determines microbiome composition and with B. dorsalis using more than 400 fruits as hosts, it is unclear if certain bacterial symbionts are preserved and are passed on to B. dorsalis progenies despite changes in larval diet. Here, we conducted a fly rearing experiment to characterize diet-induced changes in the microbiome of female B. dorsalis. In order to explicitly investigate the impacts of larval diet on the microbiome, including potential stable bacterial constituents of B. dorsalis, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing on the gut tissues of teneral female flies reared from four different host fruits (guava, mango, papaya, and rose apple) infested using a single cohort of wild B. dorsalis that emerged from tropical almond (mother flies). Although B. dorsalis-associated microbiota were predominantly shaped by the larval diet, some major bacterial species from the mother flies were retained in progenies raised on different larval diets. With some variation, Klebsiella (ASV 1 and 2), Morganella (ASV 3), and Providencia (ASV 6) were the major bacterial symbionts that were stable and made up 0.1-80% of the gut and ovipositor microbiome of female teneral flies reared on different host fruits. Our results suggest that certain groups of bacteria are stably associated with female B. dorsalis across larval diets. These findings provide a basis for unexplored research on symbiotic bacterial function in B. dorsalis and may aid in the development of novel management techniques against this devastating pest of horticultural importance., (© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)
Published: 2024
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45. Gene expression reveals immune response strategies of naïve Hawaiian honeycreepers experimentally infected with introduced avian malaria.

Author: Paxton KL, Cassin-Sackett L, Atkinson CT, Videvall E, Campana MG, and Fleischer RC
Subjects: Animals, Humans, Hawaii epidemiology, Gene Expression, Immunity, Malaria, Avian genetics, Malaria, Avian epidemiology, Malaria, Avian parasitology, Passeriformes genetics
Abstract: The unprecedented rise in the number of new and emerging infectious diseases in the last quarter century poses direct threats to human and wildlife health. The introduction to the Hawaiian archipelago of Plasmodium relictum and the mosquito vector that transmits the parasite has led to dramatic losses in endemic Hawaiian forest bird species. Understanding how mechanisms of disease immunity to avian malaria may evolve is critical as climate change facilitates increased disease transmission to high elevation habitats where malaria transmission has historically been low and the majority of the remaining extant Hawaiian forest bird species now reside. Here, we compare the transcriptomic profiles of highly susceptible Hawai'i 'amakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens) experimentally infected with P. relictum to those of uninfected control birds from a naïve high elevation population. We examined changes in gene expression profiles at different stages of infection to provide an in-depth characterization of the molecular pathways contributing to survival or mortality in these birds. We show that the timing and magnitude of the innate and adaptive immune response differed substantially between individuals that survived and those that succumbed to infection, and likely contributed to the observed variation in survival. These results lay the foundation for developing gene-based conservation strategies for Hawaiian honeycreepers by identifying candidate genes and cellular pathways involved in the pathogen response that correlate with a bird's ability to recover from malaria infection., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The American Genetic Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2023
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46. Direct imaging and astrometric detection of a gas giant planet orbiting an accelerating star.

Author: Currie T, Brandt GM, Brandt TD, Lacy B, Burrows A, Guyon O, Tamura M, Liu RY, Sagynbayeva S, Tobin T, Chilcote J, Groff T, Marois C, Thompson W, Murphy SJ, Kuzuhara M, Lawson K, Lozi J, Deo V, Vievard S, Skaf N, Uyama T, Jovanovic N, Martinache F, Kasdin NJ, Kudo T, McElwain M, Janson M, Wisniewski J, Hodapp K, Nishikawa J, Hełminiak K, Kwon J, and Hayashi M
Abstract: Direct imaging of gas giant exoplanets provides information on their atmospheres and the architectures of planetary systems. However, few planets have been detected in blind surveys with direct imaging. Using astrometry from the Gaia and Hipparcos spacecraft, we identified dynamical evidence for a gas giant planet around the nearby star HIP 99770. We confirmed the detection of this planet with direct imaging using the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics instrument. The planet, HIP 99770 b, orbits 17 astronomical units from its host star, receiving an amount of light similar to that reaching Jupiter. Its dynamical mass is 13.9 to 16.1 Jupiter masses. The planet-to-star mass ratio [(7 to 8) × 10 -3 ] is similar to that of other directly imaged planets. The planet's atmospheric spectrum indicates an older, less cloudy analog of the previously imaged exoplanets around HR 8799.
Published: 2023
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47. University students' sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Hawai'i.

Author: Trevorrow T, Scanlan S, Aumer K, Tsushima V, Kim BSK, and Harris S
Abstract: Objectives: This study assessed undergraduates' sleep in Hawai'i during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether demographic characteristics, health locus of control, substance use and campus features related to sleep outcomes. Implications are considered for programs to support students' sleep and health during pandemic conditions. Participants: About 1,288 undergraduate students from six universities in Hawai'i. Methods: Surveys assessing sleep, emotional wellbeing, ethnicity, body mass index, locus of health control, and substance use. Results: Students' reported increased sleep time but decreased sleep quality during the pandemic. Sleep disruption related to anxiety, depression, ethnicity, substance use, BMI, health locus of control, class rank, and whether students lived at home. All campuses were associated with disrupted sleep, regardless of size, location, religious affiliation, term structure, or method of instruction. Conclusions: In response to public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, all Hawai'i universities should screen students for sleep disruption, emotional adjustment, social isolation and substance misuse. Programs to promote sleep and behavioral health appear particularly warranted for graduating seniors, Pacific Islanders, students with high BMI, and students who commute to college.
Published: 2023
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48. Integrating tropical research into biology education is urgently needed.

Author: Russell AE, Aide TM, Braker E, Bruna EM, Ganong CN, Hardin RD, Holl KD, Hotchkiss SC, Klemens JA, Kuprewicz EK, McClearn D, Middendorf G, Ostertag R, Powers JS, Russo SE, Stynoski JL, Valdez U, and Willis CG
Subjects: Biology, Tropical Climate, Biodiversity, Climate Change
Abstract: Understanding tropical biology is important for solving complex problems such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and zoonotic pandemics, but biology curricula view research mostly via a temperate-zone lens. Integrating tropical research into biology education is urgently needed to tackle these issues., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: 2022
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49. Mechanism of Action of Flavonoids of Oxytropis falcata on the Alleviation of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Author: Guo Y, Zhang BY, Peng YF, Chang LC, Li ZQ, Zhang XX, and Zhang DJ
Subjects: Flavonoids pharmacology, Flavonoids therapeutic use, NF-kappa B metabolism, Signal Transduction, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury metabolism, Oxytropis chemistry
Abstract: Oxytropis falcata Bunge is a plant used in traditional Tibetan medicine, with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidants effects and alleviation of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, the underlying mechanism against MIRI and the phytochemical composition of O. falcata are vague. One fraction named OFF1 with anti-MIRI activity was obtained from O. falcata , and the chemical constituents were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). The potential targets and signaling pathways involved in the action of O. falcata against MIRI were predicted by network pharmacology analysis, and its molecular mechanism on MIRI was determined by in vitro assays. The results revealed that flavonoids are the dominant constituents of OFF1. A total of 92 flavonoids reported in O. falcata targeted 213 potential MIRI-associated factors, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and the NF-κB signaling pathway. The in vitro assay on H9c2 cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury confirmed that the flavonoids in OFF1 reduced myocardial marker levels, apoptotic rate, and the inflammatory response triggered by oxidative stress. Moreover, OFF1 attenuated MIRI by downregulating the ROS-mediated JNK/p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of O. falcata in alleviating MIRI, being a potential therapeutic candidate.
Published: 2022
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50. Optimizing trilateration estimates for tracking fine-scale movement of wildlife using automated radio telemetry networks.

Author: Paxton KL, Baker KM, Crytser ZB, Guinto RMP, Brinck KW, Rogers HS, and Paxton EH
Abstract: A major advancement in the use of radio telemetry has been the development of automated radio tracking systems (ARTS), which allow animal movements to be tracked continuously. A new ARTS approach is the use of a network of simple radio receivers (nodes) that collect radio signal strength (RSS) values from animal-borne radio transmitters. However, the use of RSS-based localization methods in wildlife tracking research is new, and analytical approaches critical for determining high-quality location data have lagged behind technological developments. We present an analytical approach to optimize RSS-based localization estimates for a node network designed to track fine-scale animal movements in a localized area. Specifically, we test the application of analytical filters (signal strength, distance among nodes) to data from real and simulated node networks that differ in the density and configuration of nodes. We evaluate how different filters and network configurations (density and regularity of node spacing) may influence the accuracy of RSS-based localization estimates. Overall, the use of signal strength and distance-based filters resulted in a 3- to 9-fold increase in median accuracy of location estimates over unfiltered estimates, with the most stringent filters providing location estimates with a median accuracy ranging from 28 to 73 m depending on the configuration and spacing of the node network. We found that distance filters performed significantly better than RSS filters for networks with evenly spaced nodes, but the advantage diminished when nodes were less uniformly spaced within a network. Our results not only provide analytical approaches to greatly increase the accuracy of RSS-based localization estimates, as well as the computer code to do so, but also provide guidance on how to best configure node networks to maximize the accuracy and capabilities of such systems for wildlife tracking studies., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (© 2022 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.)
Published: 2022
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