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1. The depth of the olfactory sulcus is an indicator of congenital anosmia

Author

UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, UCL - (SLuc) Département d'imagerie médicale, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Neuroradiology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Huart, Caroline, Meusel, Thomas, Gerber, Johannes, Duprez, Thierry, Rombaux, Philippe, Hummel, Thomas, Spring meeting of the Belgian Royal ENT society, UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, UCL - (SLuc) Département d'imagerie médicale, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Neuroradiology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Huart, Caroline, Meusel, Thomas, Gerber, Johannes, Duprez, Thierry, Rombaux, Philippe, Hummel, Thomas, and Spring meeting of the Belgian Royal ENT society

Abstract

Background and Purpose: In congenital anosmia, the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract can be both aplastic or hypoplastic. In clinical routine they are sometimes difficult to assess. We thus want to investigate morphologic differences of the olfactory sulcus in patients with isolated anosmia (IA) since birth or early childhood in comparison to controls in a large group of subjects; to investigate whether the depth of the olfactory sulcus (OS) indicates IA. Materials and Methods: Within the context of a two-center study we investigated 36 IA patients in comparison to 40 controls. Imaging was performed with a standard quadrature head coil (1.5 T; T1 and T2-weighted spin echo sequences were used (coronal plane perpendicular to frontal skull base). We assessed olfactory bulb volume by planimetric contouring, and OS depth in the plane of the posterior tangent through the eyeballs (PPTE). Results: Looking to the OS depth in the PPTE, none of the healthy controls exhibited a depth of less than 8 mm. In IA patients, 10 had an OS deeper than 8 mm, while 26 had OS depth lower than 8 mm. Thus, if we consider an OS depth lower than 8 mm it clearly indicates IA, with a specificity of 1 while the sensitivity is 0.72. Conclusions: In IA, the OS depth in the PPTE is a useful clinical indicator. Indeed, if it is ≤ 8 mm, it clearly indicates IA, with a specificity of 1. If it is deeper, the measure does not clearly predict IA.

Published
2011

2. La profondeur du sillon olfactif est un indicateur d'anosmie congénitale

Author

UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, UCL - (SLuc) Département d'imagerie médicale, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Neuroradiology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Huart, Caroline, Meusel, Thomas, Gerber, Johannes, Duprez, Thierry, Rombaux, Philippe, Hummel, Thomas, 118 ème congrès de la Société Française d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie, UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, UCL - (SLuc) Département d'imagerie médicale, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Neuroradiology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Huart, Caroline, Meusel, Thomas, Gerber, Johannes, Duprez, Thierry, Rombaux, Philippe, Hummel, Thomas, and 118 ème congrès de la Société Française d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie

Abstract

Introduction: En cas d'anosmie congénitale, les bulbes et tractus olfactifs peuvent être aplasiques ou hypoplasiques. En routine clinique ces structures sont parfois difficiles à évaluer. Le but de cette étude est donc d'investiguer les différences morphologiques du sillon olfactif chez des patients présentant une anosmie isolée (AI) depuis la naissance ou la petite enfance, en comparaison à un large groupe de sujets contrôles; afin de voir si la profondeur su sillon olfactif (SO) est un indicateur d'anosmie congénitale. Materiels et méthodes: Dans cette étude réalisée dans 2 centres, nous avons investigué 36 AI, en comparaison à 40 contrôles. Une IRM cérébrale et des voies olfactives a été réalisée selon un protocole standardisé. Nous avons évalué le volume du bulbe olfactif par volumétrie manuelle et avons mesuré la profondeur du SO dans le plan de la tangente postérieure au globe oculaire (PPTE). Résultats: En examinant la profondeur du sillon olfactif dans le PPTE, aucun des sujets contrôles ne montrait une profondeur de moins de 8mm. Dans le groupe IA, 10 présentaient une profondeur de SO de plus de 8mm, alors que 26 présentait un SO dont la profondeur était inférieure à 8mm. Donc, si nous considérons une profondeur de SO inférieure à 8mm, ceci indique clairement une AI, avec une spécificité de 1 et une sensibilité de 0.72. Conclusion: Chez les AI, la profondeur du SO au niveau du PPTE est un indicateur clinique utile. En effet, si elle est <8mm, cela indique clairement une AI, avec une spécificité de 1. Si le SO est plus profond, la mesure ne prédit pas clairement une AI.

Published
2011

3. The depth of the olfactory sulcus is an indicator of congenital anosmia

Author

UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Neuroradiology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Huart, Caroline, Meusel, Thomas, Gerber, Johannes, Rombaux, Philippe, Hummel, Thomas, Human Chemosensation 2010, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Neuroradiology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Huart, Caroline, Meusel, Thomas, Gerber, Johannes, Rombaux, Philippe, Hummel, Thomas, and Human Chemosensation 2010

Abstract

Background and Purpose: In congenital anosmia, the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract can be both aplastic or hypoplastic. In clinical routine they are sometimes difficult to assess. We thus want to investigate morphologic differences of the olfactory sulcus in patients with isolated anosmia (IA) since birth or early childhood in comparison to controls in a large group of subjects; to investigate whether the depth of the olfactory sulcus (OS) indicates IA. Materials and Methods: Within the context of a two-center study we investigated 36 IA patients in comparison to 40 controls. Imaging was performed with a standard quadrature head coil (1.5 T; T1 and T2-weighted spin echo sequences were used (coronal plane perpendicular to frontal skull base). We assessed olfactory bulb volume by planimetric contouring, and OS depth in the plane of the posterior tangent through the eyeballs (PPTE). Results: Looking at the OS depth in the PPTE, none of the healthy controls exhibited a depth of less than 8 mm. In IA patients, 10 had an OS deeper than 8 mm, while 26 had OS depth lower than 8 mm. Thus, if we consider an OS depth lower than 8 mm it clearly indicates IA, with a specificity of 1 while the sensitivity is 0.72. Conclusions: In IA, the OS depth in the PPTE is a useful clinical indicator. Indeed, if it is ≤ 8 mm, it clearly indicates IA, with a specificity of 1. If it is deeper, the measure does not clearly predict IA.

Published
2010

4. Intranasal Trigeminal Perception

Author

UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Rombaux, Philippe, Huart, Caroline, Landis, Basile, Hummel, Thomas, UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Rombaux, Philippe, Huart, Caroline, Landis, Basile, and Hummel, Thomas

Abstract

The nasal mucosa through the intranasal trigeminal nerve is a full sensory organ, functionally organized and responsible for both the nasal patency perception and the chemosensory perception and also responsible to a certain degree for nasal inflammation. The primary function of the intranasal trigeminal system is to protect the upper and lower airways for potential life-threatening substances acting as a sentinel to shorten or stop inspiration reflexively. Besides this protective somatosensory function, the intranasal trigeminal system also helps to the global chemosensory perception with the olfactory system. Indeed, most of the odorants stimulate the neural olfactory and intrananasal trigeminal systems. Finally, the intranasal trigeminal system is also capable of inducing a neurogenic inflammation mainly through an axon reflex located in the subepithelial level of the nasal mucosa. The olfactory (cranial nerve I) and the trigeminal (cranial nerve V) systems interact at different levels and this interaction is essential for the odor sensation (Cain and Murphy 1980). The olfactory system is more dedicated in identification task for hedonicity and alimentary behavioral, recognition and memory, behavioral and social comportments than the trigeminal system probably more oriented to protective function and reflexes.

Published
2013

5. Clinical usefulness of time-frequency analysis of chemosensory event-related potentials

Author

UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Huart, Caroline, Rombaux, Philippe, Iannilli, Emilia, Hummel, Thomas, Mouraux, André, OLFiBAS - Olfaction in Basel, UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Huart, Caroline, Rombaux, Philippe, Iannilli, Emilia, Hummel, Thomas, Mouraux, André, and OLFiBAS - Olfaction in Basel

Abstract

Background: The clinical usefulness of olfactory event-related brain potentials (OERPs) to assess olfactory function is limited by the relatively low signal-to-noise ratio of the responses identified using conventional time-domain averaging. Recently, it was shown that time-frequency analysis of the obtained EEG signals can markedly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of OERPs in healthy controls, because it enhances both phase-locked and non phase-locked EEG responses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of this approach and evaluate its feasibility in a clinical setting. Methodology: We retrospectively analysed EEG recordings obtained from 45 patients (15 anosmic, 15 hyposmic and 15 normosmic). The responses to olfactory stimulation were analysed using conventional time-domain analysis and joint time-frequency analysis. The ability of the two methods to discriminate between anosmic, hyposmic and normosmic patients was assessed using a Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. Results: The discrimination performance of OERPs identified using conventional time-domain averaging was poor. In contrast, the discrimination performance of the EEG response identified in the time-frequency domain was relatively high. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between the magnitude of this response and the psychophysical olfactory score. Conclusion: Time-frequency analysis of the EEG responses to olfactory stimulation could be used as an effective and reliable diagnostic tool for the objective clinical evaluation of olfactory function in patients.

Published
2013

6. Clinical usefulness and feasibility of time-frequency analysis of chemosensory event-related potentials

Author

UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Huart, Caroline, Rombaux, Philippe, Hummel, Thomas, Mouraux, André, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Huart, Caroline, Rombaux, Philippe, Hummel, Thomas, and Mouraux, André

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The clinical usefulness of olfactory event-related brain potentials (OERPs) to assess olfactory function is limited by the relatively low signal-to-noise ratio of the responses identified using conventional time-domain averaging. Recently, it was shown that time-frequency analysis of the obtained EEG signals can markedly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of OERPs in healthy controls, because it enhances both phase-locked and non phase-locked EEG responses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of this approach and evaluate its feasibility in a clinical setting. METHODOLOGY: We retrospectively analysed EEG recordings obtained from 45 patients (15 anosmic, 15 hyposmic and 15 normos- mic). The responses to olfactory stimulation were analysed using conventional time-domain analysis and joint time-frequency analysis. The ability of the two methods to discriminate between anosmic, hyposmic and normosmic patients was assessed using a Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. RESULTS: The discrimination performance of OERPs identified using conventional time-domain averaging was poor. In contrast, the discrimination performance of the EEG response identified in the time-frequency domain was relatively high. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between the magnitude of this response and the psychophysical olfactory score. CONCLUSION: Time-frequency analysis of the EEG responses to olfactory stimulation could be used as an effective and reliable diagnostic tool for the objective clinical evaluation of olfactory function in patients.

Published
2013

7. Time-frequency analysis of chemosensory event-related potentials to characterise the cortical representation of odors in humans

Author

UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Huart, Caroline, Legrain, Valéry, Hummel, Thomas, Rombaux, Philippe, Mouraux, André, 24th congress of the European Rhinologic Society, UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolarylgology, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, Huart, Caroline, Legrain, Valéry, Hummel, Thomas, Rombaux, Philippe, Mouraux, André, and 24th congress of the European Rhinologic Society

Abstract

Introduction and aim: The recording of olfactory and trigeminal chemosensory event-related potentials (ERPs) has been proposed as an objective and non-invasive technique to study the cortical processing of odors in humans. Until now, the responses have been characterized mainly using across-trial averaging in the time domain. Unfortunately, chemosensory ERPs, in particular, olfactory ERPs, exhibit a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio. Hence, the current usefulness of the technique remains limited. We proposed that the relatively low signal-to-noise ratio could at least in part be due to temporal jitter affecting brain responses. Here, we used a time-frequency analysis based on the wavelet transform to reveal EEG responses that are not strictly phase-locked to the chemosensory stimulation. We hypothesized that this approach would significantly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the elicited responses because, as compared to conventional time-domain averaging, (1) it is less sensitive to temporal jitter and (2) it can reveal non phase-locked EEG responses such as event-related synchronization and desynchronization. Material and methods: EEG responses to selective trigeminal and olfactory stimulation were recorded in 11 normosmic subjects. Classical across-trial time-domain averaging was used to characterize the responses in the time-domain. A Morlet wavelet was used to characterize the elicited responses in the time-frequency domain. Results: The time-frequency approach markedly improved the signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained responses, in particular, following olfactory stimulation. Furthermore, the approach allowed characterizing non phase-locked components that could not be identified using conventional time-domain averaging. Conclusion: By providing a more robust and complete view of how odors are represented in the human brain, our approach could constitute the basis for a robust tool to study olfaction, both for basic research and clinicians.

Published
2012

8. Configural memory of a blending aromatic mixture reflected in activation of the left orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus

Author

N. Béno, John F. Prescott, Gérard Coureaud, Moustafa Bensafi, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Charlotte Sinding, Thomas Hummel, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Dresden Medical School, University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grants from the Burgundy Regional Council and EU-ERDF to G.C. and T.T.D., and by a fellowship from the French MESR to C.S., Smell and Taste Clinic University of Dresden Medical School, Coureaud, Gérard, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Adult, Male, odor, Brain activity and meditation, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Prefrontal Cortex, Inferior frontal gyrus, Olfaction, Stimulus (physiology), Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, experience, 0302 clinical medicine, Memory, blending mixture, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 030304 developmental biology, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, learning, Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex, Chemistry, fMRI, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Ethyl maltol, Olfactory Perception, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Odor, Odorants, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, olfaction
Abstract

International audience; Blending aromatic mixtures components naturally fuse to form a unique odor - a configuration- qualitatively different from each component's odor. Repeated exposure to the components either in the mixture or separately, favors respectively, configural and elemental processings. The neural bases of such processes are still unknown. We examined the brain correlates of the experienced-induced configural processing of a well-known model of binary blending odor mixture, the aromatic pineapple blending (AB, ethyl maltol + ethyl isobutyrate). Before fMRI recording, half of the participants were repeatedly exposed to the mixture (AB, group Gmix), with the other half exposed to its separate components (A and B; Gcomp). During the fMRI recording, all participants were stimulated with the mixture (AB) and the components (A and B). Finally, participants rated the number of odors perceived for each stimulus. Gmix perceived the AB mixture as less complex than did Gcomp. While Gcomp perceived the mixture as more complex than its components, Gmix did not. These results show the presence of experience-induced configural or elemental processing of the AB mixture in each group. Contrasting the brain activity of Gcomp and Gmix, when stimulated with AB, revealed higher activation in the left orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus. This result sheds light on this area's function, commonly found activated in olfactory studies, and closely connected with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. We discuss the role of this area as a mediator of configural percepts between temporal and orbitofrontal areas involved in configural memory processes.

Published
2021

9. Olfactory Event-Related Potentials Reflect Individual Differences in Odor Valence Perception

Author

Mats J. Olsson, Thomas Hummel, Suzi Seven, Johan N. Lundström, Benoist Schaal, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Psychology Upsala University, Uppsala University, Smell and Taste Clinic University of Dresden Medical School, University of Dresden Medical School, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montreal Neurological Institute [Montréal], McGill University, Upsala University, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Physiology, androstenone, media_common.quotation_subject, Olfaction, Stimulus (physiology), Audiology, Androsterone, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, pleasantness, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Event-related potential, Physiology (medical), Perception, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, valence, Valence (psychology), Evoked Potentials, Late positive component, media_common, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, 05 social sciences, Androstenone, Olfactory Pathways, Middle Aged, Sensory Systems, Electrophysiology, Odor, chemistry, quality, Sensory Thresholds, Odorants, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Female, Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, hedonic, olfaction
Abstract

Investigating the neural substrates of perceived quality in olfaction using different odorants is intrinsically difficult. By utilizing individual differences in perceived quality of the odor of androstenone, we obtained a continuum of individual differences in rated valence of the same stimulus allowing investigations of its manifestation in the olfactory event-related potentials (ERPs). In an initial group consisting of 43 individuals that were screened for their verbal descriptors and sensitivity for the odor of androstenone, 22 normosmic volunteers were chosen forming 2 distinct groups with regard to verbal labels (‘‘body odor'' and ‘‘nonbody odor'') for androstenone while maintaining chemical structure, concentration, and intensity constant. In the main experiment, these participants rated both intensity and pleasantness of androstenone during the recording of olfactory ERPs. There was a significant difference in rated valence between the groups but not in intensity. Participants in the body odor label group had larger amplitudes of the late positive ERP component than those in the nonbody odor label group. A negative correlation between valence and amplitudes of the late positive component for androstenone indicated that these differences were mediated by the difference in odor valence between the 2 groups. This was further supported by a comparison of ERP peaks in response to stimulation with androstenone and the invariably unpleasant hydrogen sulfide that had been used as a control. Altogether, the results suggest that the late positive component reflects the processing of odor valence. Future olfactory studies with the aim of assessing the dimension of pleasantness would benefit from the use of these interindividual differences in the perception of a specific odor.

Published
2006

10. Covid-19 affects taste independently of smell: results from a combined chemosensory home test and online survey from a global cohort (N=10,953)

Author

Ha Nguyen, Javier Albayay, Richard Höchenberger, Surabhi Bhutani, Sanne Boesveldt, Niko A. Busch, Ilja Croijmans, Keiland W. Cooper, Jasper H. B. de Groot, Michael C. Farruggia, Alexander W. Fjaeldstad, John E. Hayes, Thomas Hummel, Paule V. Joseph, Tatiana K. Laktionova, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Maria G. Veldhuizen, Vera V. Voznessenskaya, Valentina Parma, M. Yanina Pepino, Kathrin Ohla, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Université Paris-Saclay, INRIA, CEA, San Diego State University (SDSU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Radboud University [Nijmegen], University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Yale University School of Medicine, Regionshospitalet Gødstrup, Herning, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, University of Dresden Medical School, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [Bethesda, MD, USA] (NIAAA), Tatiana K. Laktionova, A N Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Mersin University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Armed Forces Hamburg, Firmenich SA, This work was supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation [grand number DGE-1839285 to C.K.], the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [grant number Z01AA000135 to P.V.J], the National Institute of Nursing Research [grant number 1ZIANR000035-01 to P.V.J], the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [grant number U01DC019573 to J.E.H.], and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture via Hatch Act funds [grant number 698-921 to M.Y.P., and PEN04708 to J.E.H.].

Subjects
chemesthesis, olfaction gustation chemesthesis anosmia ageusia taste-smell confusion, ageusia, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, gustation, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, anosmia, taste-smell confusion, olfaction
Abstract

People often confuse smell loss with taste loss, so it is unclear how much gustatory function is reduced in patients self-reporting taste loss. Our pre-registered cross-sectional study design included an online survey in 12 languages with instructions for self-administering chemosensory tests with ten household items. Between June 2020 and March 2021, 10,953 individuals participated. Of these, 3,356 self-reported a positive and 602 a negative COVID-19 diagnosis (COVID+ and COVID-, respectively); 1,267 were awaiting test results (COVID?). The rest reported no respiratory illness and were grouped by symptoms: sudden smell/taste changes (STC, N=4,445), other symptoms excluding smell or taste loss (OthS, N=832), and no symptoms (NoS, N=416). Taste, smell, and oral irritation intensities and self-assessed abilities were rated on visual analog scales. Compared to the NoS group, COVID+ was associated with a 21% reduction in taste (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 15-28%), 47% in smell (95%-CI: 37-56%), and 17% in oral irritation (95%-CI: 10-25%) intensity. In all groups, perceived intensity of smell (r=0.84), taste (r=0.68), and oral irritation (r=0.37) was correlated. Our findings suggest most reports of taste dysfunction with COVID-19 were genuine and not due to misinterpreting smell loss as taste loss (i.e., a classical taste-flavor confusion). Assessing smell and taste intensity of household items is a promising, cost-effective screening tool that complements self-reports and helps to disentangle taste loss from smell loss. However, it does not replace standardized validated psychophysical tests.

Published
2023

11. Covid-19 affects taste independent of taste-smell confusions: results from a combined chemosensory home test and online survey from a large global cohort

Author

Nguyen, Ha, Albayay, Javier, Höchenberger, Richard, Bhutani, Surabhi, Boesveldt, Sanne, Busch, Niko, Croijmans, Ilja, Cooper, Keiland, de Groot, Jasper, Farruggia, Michael, Fjaeldstad, Alexander, Hayes, John, Hummel, Thomas, Joseph, Paule, Laktionova, Tatiana, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Veldhuizen, Maria, Voznessenskaya, Vera, Parma, Valentina, Pepino, M. Yanina, Ohla, Kathrin, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Université Paris-Saclay, INRIA, CEA, San Diego State University (SDSU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Radboud University [Nijmegen], University of California (UC), Yale University [New Haven], University research clinic [Herning, Denmark], The Pennsylvania State University, PA, University of Dresden Medical School, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Mersin University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], and University of Illinois System

Subjects
[SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, chemesthesis, ageusia, gustation, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, anosmia, taste-smell confusion, olfaction
Abstract

International audience; People often confuse smell loss with taste loss, so it is unclear how much gustatory function is reduced in patients self-reporting taste loss. Our pre-registered cross-sectional study design included an online survey in 12 languages with instructions for self-administering chemosensory tests with ten household items. Between June 2020 and March 2021, 10,953 individuals participated. Of these, 5,225 self-reported a respiratory illness and were grouped based on their reported COVID test results: COVID-positive (COVID+, N=3,356), COVID-negative (COVID-, N=602), and COVID unknown for those waiting for a test result (COVID?, N=1,267). The participants who reported no respiratory illness were grouped by symptoms: sudden smell/taste changes (STC, N=4,445), other symptoms excluding smell or taste loss (OthS, N=832), and no symptoms (NoS, N=416). Taste, smell, and oral irritation intensities and self-assessed abilities were rated on visual analog scales. Compared to the NoS group, COVID+ was associated with a 21% reduction in taste (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 15-28%), 47% in smell (95%-CI: 37-56%), and 17% in oral irritation (95%-CI: 10-25%) intensity. In all groups, the perceived intensity of smell (r=0.84), taste (r=0.68), and oral irritation (r=0.37) was correlated. Our study demonstrates that COVID-19 positive individuals report taste dysfunction when self-tested with stimuli that have little to none olfactory components. Assessing the smell and taste intensity of household items is a promising, cost-effective screening tool that complements self-reports and may help to disentangle taste loss from smell loss. However, it does not replace standardized validated psychophysical tests.

Published
2023

12. The effect of early experience on odor perception in humans: Psychological and physiological correlates

Author

Fanny Bourgeat, Johan Poncelet, Thomas Hummel, Moustafa Bensafi, Catherine Rouby, Fanny Rinck, Benoist Schaal, Neurosciences Sensorielles Comportement Cognition, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Modèles, Dynamiques, Corpus ( MoDyCo ), Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Smell and Taste Clinic University of Dresden Medical School, University of Dresden Medical School, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Modèles, Dynamiques, Corpus (MoDyCo), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Olfactory system, Brain activity and meditation, media_common.quotation_subject, Human olfaction, Olfaction, Electroencephalography, Brain mapping, 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Perception, Reaction Time, Psychophysics, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, media_common, Brain Mapping, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, medicine.diagnostic_test, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Smell, Electrophysiology, Cross-cultural differences, Psychophysiology, Odorants, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [ SHS.LANGUE ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Early experience, Female, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The olfactory function in humans is characterized by wide variability between individuals. One of the prominent factors that contribute to this plasticity is early exposure. The present study examined how brain activity is modulated by such olfactory experience. To this end, two groups of people living in France but originating from different cultures ("European-French" (EF, 18 subjects) vs. "Algerian-French" (AF, 19 subjects)) were tested, and their perceptual and physiological responses to the smells of mint (presumed to be experienced earlier in life by "Algerian-French" subjects) and of rose (control odorant) were compared. Neurophysiological responses were obtained in the form of chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERP). The results confirmed that the AF group was exposed to Mint tea earlier than the EF group. On the perceptual level, when asked to associate the smell of mint with objects or events retrieved from memory, the discourse of AF subjects included more "experience-oriented" associations than that of EF subjects. This was associated with longer P2 latency in CSERPs in response to the smell of mint in the AF group. These findings highlight the plasticity of behavioral and neural olfactory processes as a result of differential lifetime exposure.

Published
2010

13. Olfactory function in children assessed with psychophysical and electrophysiological techniques

Author

Julia Nikolaus, Thomas Hummel, Michael Knecht, Moustafa Bensafi, David G. Laing, Benoist Schaal, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Neurosciences Sensorielles Comportement Cognition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Smell and Taste Clinic University of Dresden Medical School, University of Dresden Medical School, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)

Subjects
Olfactory system, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Olfaction, Audiology, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Discrimination, Psychological, Perception, Psychophysics, medicine, Reaction Time, Humans, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Child, Evoked Potentials, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Analysis of Variance, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Age Factors, Odor identification, Olfactory Pathways, Smell, Electrophysiology, Odor, Child, Preschool, Odorants, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Female, Analysis of variance, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; The olfactory information processing abilities of children undergo changes during early life. The aims of the present study were to describe these changes and to probe for their electrophysiological correlates. These aims were investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, responses of 146 subjects (3-12 years) were tested with psychophysical tools. Approximately 2/3 of the subjects completed the olfactory tests ("Sniffin' Sticks"). In Experiment 2, 12 additional subjects (3-10 years) were tested with electrophysiological tools. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in response to olfactory stimulation with H(2)S. Results from Experiment 1 indicated that data from the group of 3-5-year olds were very unreliable, with 44% of incomplete measures rendering the tests unsuitable for routine use with 3-5-year olds. From an age of 6 years on the results suggested that the development of olfactory function was well advanced with a significant increase found only for odor identification, but not for odor thresholds, or odor discrimination. Results from Experiment 2 indicated an increase of the P2 latency with age, although the small sample size has to be considered in the interpretation of these data. While more research is needed, these results may be interpreted such that children attach more meaning to odorous stimuli with age.

Published
2007

14. Cortical activation of androstadienone is different from perceptually similar odorants

Author

Hummel, Thomas, N. Lundström, Johan, Schaal, Benoist, Olsson, M., Smell and Taste Clinic University of Dresden Medical School, University of Dresden Medical School, Montreal Nuerogical Institute, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montréal, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Gros, Sabine, and Université de Montréal [Montréal]

Subjects
[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience
Published
2006

15. On the trigeminal percept of androstenone and its implications on the rate of specific anosmia

Author

Julie A. Boyle, Michael Knecht, Benoist Schaal, Marilyn Jones-Gotman, Johan N. Lundström, Thomas Hummel, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Smell and Taste Clinic University of Dresden Medical School, University of Dresden Medical School, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montreal Neurological Institute [Montréal], Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Trigeminal stimulation, sensitivity • NMP • lateralization task • tri-geminal system • confidence, Context (language use), Biology, Audiology, Androsterone, 050105 experimental psychology, Statistics, Nonparametric, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Olfaction Disorders, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Trigeminal Nerve, Trigeminal system, Evoked Potentials, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, General Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Androstenone, Middle Aged, Specific anosmia, Smell, Odor, chemistry, Anesthesia, Sensory Thresholds, Odorants, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Female, Percept, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Specific anosmia is a term that describes an inability to perceive a particular odorant in the context of an otherwise normal olfactory acuity. The most common example, for the odor of androstenone, has been ascribed a prevalence ranging from 2 to 45%. In two experiments we sought to determine whether this wide range could be explained by the difference in steroid concentrations used, and by the degree to which the trigeminal system contributes to perception of androstenone. Experiment 1 demonstrated that high concentrations of androstenone stimulated the trigeminal system, as indicated by electrophysiological recordings. Experiment 2 demonstrated that conscious detection of androstenone is possible based solely on the trigeminal system. Interestingly, detection seems to interact with olfactory acuity in that subjects with a low olfactory sensitivity to androstenone were better able to detect its trigeminal component. The agreement between conscious experience and behavioral discrimination was not well calibrated, in that subjects demonstrated a clear overconfidence in their abilities. Altogether, the current study suggests that androstenone is an odorant that produces a concentration-dependent degree of trigeminal stimulation. This trigeminal component explains the diversity of the reported prevalence of specific anosmia for androstenone and might have implications on future use of specific anosmia as a tool to understand odor processing

Published
2006

16. A putative social chemosignal elicits faster cortical responses than perceptually similar odorants

Author

Thomas Hummel, Benoist Schaal, Mats J. Olsson, Johan N. Lundström, Montreal Nuerogical Institute, Université de Montréal, Department of Psychology Upsala University, Upsala University, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Smell and Taste Clinic University of Dresden Medical School, University of Dresden Medical School, Université de Montréal [Montréal], Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montréal (UdeM), and Uppsala University

Subjects
Olfactory system, Visual perception, Motion Perception, Cortical processing, Pheromones, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Attention, Hydrogen Sulfide, Evoked Potentials, Cerebral Cortex, 0303 health sciences, Brain Mapping, Androstadienone, Electroencephalography, Human brain, Olfactory Pathways, Middle Aged, Chemoreceptor Cells, Smell, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Sex pheromone, Sensory Thresholds, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Androgens, Female, Psychology, ERP, psychological phenomena and processes, Adult, Cognitive Neuroscience, Olfaction, Androsterone, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Humans, Social Behavior, 030304 developmental biology, Communication, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Androstadienes, Psychophysiology, chemistry, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychomotor Performance
Abstract

Social chemosignals, so-called pheromones, have recently attracted much attention in that effects on women's psychophysiology and cortical processing have been reported. We here tested the hypothesis that the human brain would process a putative social chemosignal, the endogenous steroid endrostadienone, faster than other odorants with perceptually matched intensity and hedonic characteristics. Chemosensory event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded in healthy women. ERP analyses indicate that androstadienone was processed significantly faster than the control odorants. Androstadienone elicited shorter latencies for all recorded ERP components but most so for the late positivity. This finding indicates that androstadienone is processed differently than other related odorants, suggesting the possibility of a specific neuronal subsystem to the main olfactory pathway akin to the one previously reported in Old-world monkeys and emotional visual stimuli in humans.

Published
2005

17. The olfactory deficits of depressed patients are restored after remission with venlafaxine treatment

Author

Khalil El Asmar, Denis J. David, Laurent Becquemont, Kenneth Chappell, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Thomas Hummel, Bruno Falissard, Samuel Rotenberg, Françoise Lazarini, Céline Verstuyft, Emmanuelle Corruble, Romain Colle, Jean-François Costemale-Lacoste, Eric Deflesselle, Florence Gressier, Alain M. Gardier, Emmanuelle Duron, Abd El Kader Ait Tayeb, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Service de psychiatrie [Le Kremlin-Bicêtre], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie [CHU Bicêtre], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Perception et Mémoire / Perception and Memory, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Paul Brousse, Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Lazarini, Françoise, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, olfactory threshold, olfactory pleasantness, Venlafaxine, Context (language use), Olfaction, Standard score, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, remission, Internal medicine, medicine, Olfactory threshold, Applied Psychology, major depressive disorder, business.industry, Anhedonia, Antidepressants, [SCCO] Cognitive science, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Major depressive disorder, Antidepressant, medicine.symptom, business, major depression, olfactory sensitivity, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug, olfaction
Abstract

BackgroundIt is unclear whether olfactory deficits improve after remission in depressed patients. Therefore, we aimed to assess in drug-free patients the olfactory performance of patients with major depressive episodes (MDE) and its change after antidepressant treatment.MethodsIn the DEP-ARREST-CLIN study, 69 drug-free patients with a current MDE in the context of major depressive disorder (MDD) were assessed for their olfactory performances and depression severity, before and after 1 (M1) and 3 (M3) months of venlafaxine antidepressant treatment. They were compared to 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Olfaction was assessed with a psychophysical test, the Sniffin’ Sticks test (Threshold: T score; Discrimination: D score; Identification: I score; total score: T + D + I = TDI score) and Pleasantness (pleasantness score: p score; neutral score: N score; unpleasantness score: U score).ResultsAs compared to HCs, depressed patients had lower TDI olfactory scores [mean (s.d.) 30.0(4.5) v. 33.3(4.2), p < 0.001], T scores [5.6(2.6) v. 7.4(2.6), p < 0.01], p scores [7.5(3.0) v. 9.8(2.8), p < 0.001)] and higher N scores [3.5(2.6) v. 2.1(1.8), p < 0.01]. T, p and N scores at baseline were independent from depression and anhedonia severity. After venlafaxine treatment, significant increases of T scores [M1: 7.0(2.6) and M3: 6.8(3.1), p < 0.01] and p scores [M1: 8.1(3.0) and M3: 8.4(3.3), p < 0.05] were evidenced, in remitters only (T: p < 0.01; P: p < 0.01). Olfaction improvement was mediated by depression improvement.ConclusionsThe olfactory signature of MDE is restored after venlafaxine treatment. This olfaction improvement is mediated by depression improvement.

Published
2021

18. Le sentiment d'insécurité chez les personnes âgées : entre transformations de l'environnement et fragilité individuelle

Author

Kimber, Leah, Burton-Jeangros, Claudine, Riom, Loïc, Hummel, Cornelia, Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation i3 (CSI i3), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
fragilisation, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Vulnérabilité, personnes agées, Fragilisation, Stratégies, vulnérabilité, insécurité, Insécurité, stratégies, ddc:301, Personnes âgées, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

La littérature soutient fréquemment que le sentiment d'insécurité serait plus impor- tant chez les personnes âgées qu'au sein des autres catégories de la population. Grâce à une étude qualitative basée sur 51 personnes âgées de 70 à 92 ans, cet article propose d'aborder le sentiment d'insécurité du point de vue des acteurs. Cette perspective nous permet de prendre en compte la perception des personnes âgées, de nous défaire d'une vision agéocentrée qui tend à gommer les e ets de la fragilisation liée au vieillissement.

Published
2018

19. Differences in the Density of Fungiform Papillae and Composition of Saliva in Patients With Taste Disorders Compared to Healthy Controls

Author

Antje Hähner, Thomas Hummel, Ute Walliczek-Dworschak, Gilles Feron, Hélène Brignot, Franz Schöps, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, CHU Nice, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Male, Saliva, Taste, fungiforme papillae, Physiology, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, signal-detection measures, Dentistry, perception, taste, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Lingual papilla, Aged, 80 and over, Electrogustometry, Taste Perception, Middle Aged, Taste Buds, Sensory Systems, Taste disorder, chorda tympani nerve, Female, medicine.symptom, performance, oleic-acid, Adult, gene polymorphism, Olfaction, taste disorders, bud density, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, stomatognathic system, Physiology (medical), Humans, Aged, saliva, business.industry, Beck Depression Inventory, tongue-region, Ageusia, sensitivity, Case-Control Studies, business, intensity, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; This study investigated the relation of the fungiform taste papillae density and saliva composition with the taste perception of patients suffering from diagnosed taste disorders. For this purpose, 81 patients and 40 healthy subjects were included. Taste was measured by means of regional and whole mouth chemosensory tests, and electrogustometry. Olfaction was assessed using the Sniffin Sticks. Fungiform papillae were quantified using the "Denver Papillae Protocol for Objective Analysis of Fungiform Papillae". In addition, salivary parameters [flow rate, total proteins, catalase, total anti-oxidative capacity (TAC), carbonic anhydrase VI (caVI), and pH] were determined and the Beck Depression Inventory was administered. Patients showed less taste papillae compared to healthy subjects. The number of papillae correlated with total taste strip score and salivary flow rate. Regarding salivary parameters, the flow rate, protein concentration, and TAC of patients were higher compared to controls. In addition, salivary flow rate, protease, caVI, and catalase values correlated with the summed taste strip score. Regarding various taste disorders, salty-dysgeusia patients showed the lowest taste test scores compared to those with bitter or metal-dysgeusia. Olfactory function of patients was significantly worse compared to healthy controls. This difference was most pronounced for ageusia patients. Compared to controls, patients also exhibited higher depressive symptoms. The density of fungiform papillae seemed to be positively associated with taste perception. Furthermore, patients exhibited changes in saliva composition (higher salivary flow rate, increased protein concentration, proteolysis, and TAC) compared to controls indicating that assessment of saliva may be critical for the diagnostic procedure in taste disorders.

Published
2017

20. Best practices for the management of local-regional recurrent chordoma: a position paper by the chordoma global consensus group

Author

Vittoria Colia, Bernd Kasper, R. Imai, Michael Baumann, Stéphanie Bolle, R. Capanna, Riccardo Casadei, Paolo G. Casali, Claire Alapetite, P. A. Gardner, C. L. A. Vleggeert-Lankamp, C. Heery, Elena Tamborini, Anant Desai, Stefano Radaelli, Alessandro Gronchi, Nadia Hindi, Akira Kawai, Daniel Vanel, C. Sen, Francesco Doglietto, Nicolas Penel, Ziya L. Gokaslan, S. Froelich, Katherine Anne Thornton, Carlo Morosi, Hans Gelderblom, Francis J. Hornicek, O. J. Norum, M. Uhl, Palma Dileo, Sandip Pravin Patel, Piero Fossati, J. Martin Broto, Peter Hohenberger, Rick L. Haas, Andreas Leithner, Toru Akiyama, F. Ricchini, Robin L. Jones, Valter Torri, Josh Sommer, Peter Pal Varga, Y. Yamada, Per-Ulf Tunn, J.-Y. Blay, Augusto Caraceni, Piotr Rutkowski, Jürgen Debus, Lee Jeys, Adrienne M. Flanagan, Diego Mazzatenta, I. Logowska, Marco Krengli, Damien C. Weber, Thomas F. DeLaney, Susanne Scheipl, P. Picci, Beate Timmermann, Piero Nicolai, S. Pilotti, P. Bruzzi, Silvia Stacchiotti, Stefano Boriani, S. Dijkstra, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori - National Cancer Institute [Milan], European Institute of Oncology [Milan] (ESMO), Saitama University, Institut Curie [Paris], University of Dresden Medical School, Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, University Medical Center Heidelberg, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], University of Brescia, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Providence University, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío [Sevilla], University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Chiba University Hospital, Queens Elizabeth Hospital [Birmingham], Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, National Cancer Center Research Institute [Tokyo], Università del Piemonte Orientale - Dipartimento DISIT Italy, Medical University Graz, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology (MCMCC), MD Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694 (METRICS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), University Hospital Graz, New York University Langone Medical Center (NYU Langone Medical Center), NYU System (NYU), University of Duisbourg-Essen, Helios Klinikum [Erfurt], Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, METRICS : Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694, European Institute of Oncology [Milan] [ESMO], Institut Gustave Roussy [IGR], University College London Hospitals [UCLH], Netherlands Cancer Institute [NKI], National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] [NCI-NIH], Harvard Medical School [Boston] [HMS], Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology [MCMCC], Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694 [METRICS], New York University Langone Medical Center [NYU Langone Medical Center], Leiden University Medical Center [LUMC], Stacchiotti, S., Gronchi, A., Fossati, P., Akiyama, T., Alapetite, C., Baumann, M., Blay, J. Y., Bolle, S., Boriani, S., Bruzzi, P., Capanna, R., Caraceni, A., Casadei, R., Colia, V., Debus, J., Delaney, T., Desai, A., Dileo, P., Dijkstra, S., Doglietto, F., Flanagan, A., Froelich, S., Gardner, P. A., Gelderblom, H., Gokaslan, Z. L., Haas, R., Heery, C., Hindi, N., Hohenberger, P., Hornicek, F., Imai, R., Jeys, L., Jones, R. L., Kasper, B., Kawai, A., Krengli, M., Leithner, A., Logowska, I., Martin Broto, J., Mazzatenta, D., Morosi, C., Nicolai, P., Norum, O. J., Patel, S., Penel, N., Picci, P., Pilotti, S., Radaelli, S., Ricchini, F., Rutkowski, P., Scheipl, S., Sen, C., Tamborini, E., Thornton, K. A., B., Timmermann, Torri, V., Tunn, P. U., Uhl, M., Yamada, Y., Weber, D. C., Vanel, D., Varga, P. P., Vleggeert-Lankamp, C. L. A., Casali, P. G., and Sommer, J.

Subjects
sarcoma, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medizin, chemotherapy, Patient advocacy, surgery, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasm Recurrence, Medicine, chordoma, relapse, radiotherapy, Relapse, Sarcoma, Hematology, 3. Good health, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Practice Guidelines as Topic, chordoma, consensus, recurrence, Sacral Chordoma, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, recurrence, Best practice, MEDLINE, Reviews, 610 Medicine & health, 03 medical and health sciences, Chordoma, Humans, Chemotherapy, Medical physics, Radiotherapy, business.industry, medicine.disease, Cervical spine, consensus, Family medicine, Position paper, Surgery, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Chordomas are rare, malignant bone tumors of the skull-base and axial skeleton. Until recently, there was no consensus among experts regarding appropriate clinical management of chordoma, resulting in inconsistent care and suboptimal outcomes for many patients. To address this shortcoming, the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the Chordoma Foundation, the global chordoma patient advocacy group, convened a multi-disciplinary group of chordoma specialists to define by consensus evidence-based best practices for the optimal approach to chordoma. In January 2015, the first recommendations of this group were published, covering the management of primary and metastatic chordomas. Additional evidence and further discussion were needed to develop recommendations about the management of local-regional failures. Thus, ESMO and CF convened a second consensus group meeting in November 2015 to address the treatment of locally relapsed chordoma. This meeting involved over 60 specialists from Europe, the United States and Japan with expertise in treatment of patients with chordoma. The consensus achieved during that meeting is the subject of the present publication and complements the recommendations of the first position paper.

Published
2017

21. Clinical usefulness and feasibility of time-frequency analysis of chemosensory event-related potentials

Author

Philippe Rombaux, Thomas Hummel, Caroline Huart, André Mouraux, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, Technical University of Dresden Medical School - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, and UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience

Subjects
Adult, Male, Olfactory system, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Adolescent, Audiology, Electroencephalography, Sensitivity and Specificity, Correlation, Olfaction Disorders, Event-related potential, medicine, Humans, In patient, Evoked Potentials, Retrospective Studies, Analysis of Variance, medicine.diagnostic_test, Receiver operating characteristic analysis, business.industry, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Olfactory Perception, Time–frequency analysis, Smell, ROC Curve, Otorhinolaryngology, Area Under Curve, Female, Analysis of variance, business
Abstract

Background: The clinical usefulness of olfactory event-related brain potentials (OERPs) to assess olfactory function is limited by the relatively low signal-to-noise ratio of the responses identified using conventional time-domain averaging. Recently, it was shown that time-frequency analysis of the obtained EEG signals can markedly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of OERPs in healthy controls, because it enhances both phase-locked and non phase-locked EEG responses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of this approach and evaluate its feasibility in a clinical setting. Methodology: We retrospectively analysed EEG recordings obtained from 45 patients (15 anosmic, 15 hyposmic and 15 normos- mic). The responses to olfactory stimulation were analysed using conventional time-domain analysis and joint time-frequency analysis. The ability of the two methods to discriminate between anosmic, hyposmic and normosmic patients was assessed using a Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. Results: The discrimination performance of OERPs identified using conventional time-domain averaging was poor. In contrast, the discrimination performance of the EEG response identified in the time-frequency domain was relatively high. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between the magnitude of this response and the psychophysical olfactory score. Conclusion: Time-frequency analysis of the EEG responses to olfactory stimulation could be used as an effective and reliable diagnostic tool for the objective clinical evaluation of olfactory function in patients.

Published
2013

22. Structure-activity evidences in olfactory habituation and recovery

Author

Sinding, Charlotte, Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

absent

Published
2016

23. The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals

Author

Timo A. Lakka, Kathleen Stirrups, Jean Ferrières, Ying Wu, Gulum Kosova, Toby Johnson, Heather M. Stringham, Bruce M. Psaty, Bruna Gigante, Göran Hallmans, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Kae Woei Liang, Niclas Eriksson, N. William Rayner, Lynda M. Rose, Stavroula Kanoni, Xueling Sim, Evangelos Evangelou, Philippe Froguel, Michel Burnier, Andrew P. Morris, Olle Melander, Martin Farrall, Albert V. Smith, Brendan J. Keating, Thomas Illig, Johan Sundström, Dorret I. Boomsma, Kate Witkowska, Ellen M. Schmidt, Aki S. Havulinna, Ann-Kristin Petersen, Paul F. O'Reilly, Young Jin Kim, Kari Kuulasmaa, Tom Wilsgaard, John D. Eicher, Marcus E. Kleber, Francis S. Collins, Rona J. Strawbridge, Ronald M. Krauss, Fotios Drenos, Stuart K. Kim, Ken K. Ong, Pascal Bovet, Danish Saleheen, Jaspal S. Kooner, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Tien Yin Wong, Benjamin F. Voight, Stefania Bandinelli, Stéphane Lobbens, Colin A. McKenzie, Jing Hua Zhao, Terrence Forrester, Louise A. Donnelly, Alice Stanton, Jean Dallongeville, Kirill V. Tarasov, Narisu Narisu, Jürgen Gräßler, Luigi Ferrucci, Peter S. Sever, Paul Elliott, Tune H. Pers, Andrew J. Smith, Tomas Axelsson, Young Ah Shin, Nora Franceschini, James F. Wilson, Vilmundur Gudnason, Kati Kristiansson, Andrew A. Hicks, Kent D. Taylor, Genovefa Kolovou, Andrew D. Morris, André G. Uitterlinden, Serena Sanna, Xiuqing Guo, Honghuang Lin, Aravinda Chakravarti, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu, Panos Deloukas, Linda S. Adair, Diana Kuh, Murielle Bochud, Eric Boerwinkle, Inger Njølstad, Meena Kumari, Norman Klopp, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Steven C. Hunt, Weihua Zhang, Tõnu Esko, Pierre Meneton, Markus Perola, Erik P A Van Iperen, Georg Ehret, Veikko Salomaa, Lars Lind, Zoltán Kutalik, Cristiano Fava, Caroline Hayward, Hugh S. Markus, Teresa Ferreira, Stefan R. Bornstein, Vasyl Pihur, Patricia B. Munroe, Anne U. Jackson, Eirini Marouli, Gabriele Müller, Damiano Baldassarre, Jacques E. Rossouw, Dan E. Arking, Maija Hassinen, Nicholas J. Wareham, Robert Roberts, Daniel I. Chasman, I. Shou Chang, Sylvain Sebert, Tove Fall, Roby Joehanes, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, John C. Chambers, Peter Vollenweider, Wen Jane Lee, Dmitry Shungin, Mathias Gorski, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Anders Franco-Cereceda, Ching-Yu Cheng, Yun Kyoung Kim, Ruth J. F. Loos, Lude Franke, Karen L. Mohlke, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Carlos Iribarren, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Alexander Teumer, Andrew D. Johnson, Antonella Mulas, Ulf Gyllensten, Martin D. Tobin, George Dedoussis, Rainford J. Wilks, Joshua C. Bis, Beverley Balkau, Jie Yao, Frida Renström, Themistocles L. Assimes, Morris Brown, Inês Barroso, Hyun Min Kang, Loic Yengo, Mika Kähönen, Christopher J. Groves, Kirsti Kvaløy, Rainer Rauramaa, Heribert Schunkert, Satu Männistö, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Nancy L. Pedersen, Karl Gertow, Rick Jansen, Thomas Quertermous, Jarmo Virtamo, Lazaros Lataniotis, Serge Hercberg, Paul M. Ridker, Osorio Meirelles, Jostein Holmen, Phil Howard, G. Kees Hovingh, Jeanette Erdmann, Jong-Young Lee, Peter Schwarz, Ramaiah Nagaraja, Elizabeth Theusch, Wei Zhao, Sonia Shah, Chao A. Hsiung, Santhi K. Ganesh, Richard S. Cooper, John M. C. Connell, Jian'an Luan, Graciela E. Delgado, Eric Kim, Daniel Levy, Li Lin, Jerome I. Rotter, Andres Metspalu, Nabila Bouatia-Naji, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Roberto Elosua, Andrew Wong, Alanna C. Morrison, Juha Saltevo, Michael R. Barnes, Alan B. Weder, Kay-Tee Khaw, Leena Moilanen, Peter S. Chines, Claudia Langenberg, Marika Kaakinen, Asif Rasheed, Annette Peters, Angela Döring, Alena Stančáková, Richard A. Jensen, Jaana Lindström, Alison H. Goodall, Toshiko Tanaka, Loukianos S. Rallidis, Dabeeru C. Rao, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Alun Evans, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Sarah Edkins, Xiaohui Li, Neil Poulter, Jouko Saramies, Ulf de Faire, Walter Palmas, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Louise V. Wain, Cristina Menni, Stephen Bevan, Maria X. Sosa, Nanette R. Lee, Anuj Goel, Germaine C. Verwoert, Kjell Nikus, Helen R. Warren, May E. Montasser, Ren-Hua Chung, Francesco Gianfagna, Kristian Hveem, Rainer Rettig, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Tim D. Spector, Paul W. Franks, Bamidele O. Tayo, Ilja M. Nolte, John Danesh, E. Shyong Tai, Mika Kivimäki, Devin Absher, Oddgeir L. Holmen, Per Eriksson, Pirjo Komulainen, Peter P. Pramstaller, Cameron D. Palmer, He Gao, Elena Tremoli, H.-Erich Wichmann, Myriam Fornage, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Afshin Parsa, Anders Hamsten, Terho Lehtimäki, Lasse Folkersen, Janine F. Felix, Anna F. Dominiczak, Hinco J. Gierman, Edward G. Lakatta, Alex S. F. Doney, Erik Ingelsson, Colin N. A. Palmer, Najaf Amin, Hugh Watkins, Johanna Kuusisto, Vladan Mijatovic, Mark I. McCarthy, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Winfried März, Nilesh J. Samani, Stefan Enroth, Mark J. Caulfield, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Tsun-Po Yang, François Mach, Cristen J. Willer, Claudia P. Cabrera, Aline Wagner, Michael Boehnke, Elias Salfati, Sekar Kathiresan, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Franco Giulianini, Harm-Jan Westra, Harold Snieder, Mark O. Goodarzi, M. Arfan Ikram, Fred Paccaud, Johannes H. Smit, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Xiaofeng Zhu, Markku Laakso, Ahmad Vaez, Albert Hofman, Amy J. Swift, Maria Hughes, I. Te Lee, Aroon D. Hingorani, Matti Uusitupa, Oscar H. Franco, Kenneth Rice, Veronique Vitart, Ross M. Fraser, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Kari Stefansson, Dhananjay Vaidya, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, University of Michigan System, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (DCM&B), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo Smith Kline, deCODE genetics [Reykjavik], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Dundee, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Umea University Hospital, Lund University [Lund], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), National Institutes of Health, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), National Institute of Health and Welfare, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Harbor UCLA Medical Center [Torrance, Ca.], University of Tampere, University of Verona (UNIVR), Uppsala University Hospital, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Stanford University School of Medicine [CA, USA], Medical School University of Athens, Partenaires INRAE, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Loyola University [Chicago], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], University of Lincoln, University of Washington [Seattle], Amgen Inc., The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), VU University Amsterdam, University of Dresden Medical School, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Healthcare NHS Trust, National Health Research Institutes, National University Health System [Singapore] (NUHS), Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], Singapore Eye Research Institute [Singapore] (SERI), National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Radiology and nuclear medicine, EMGO - Mental health, Lin, Li, Mach, François, ProdInra, Migration, University of Oxford, Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé (LIMICS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes, Biological Psychology, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Epidemiology and Data Science, Graduate School, Other departments, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vascular Medicine, Luan, Jian'an [0000-0003-3137-6337], Barroso, Ines [0000-0001-5800-4520], Danesh, John [0000-0003-1158-6791], Khaw, Kay-Tee [0000-0002-8802-2903], Markus, Hugh [0000-0002-9794-5996], Ong, Kenneth [0000-0003-4689-7530], Johnson, Kathleen [0000-0002-6823-3252], Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], Zhao, Jing Hua [0000-0003-4930-3582], Langenberg, Claudia [0000-0002-5017-7344], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), CHARGE-EchoGen Consortium, CHARGE-HF Consortium, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, Neurology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, Biochemistry, National Institute for Health Research, and Medical Research Council (MRC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), CHROMATIN, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], LOCI, Genome-wide association study, Blood Pressure, SUSCEPTIBILITY, Bioinformatics, Cardiovascular, Genome-wide association studies, Medical and Health Sciences, single nucleotide polymorphism, CHARGE-EchoGen consortium, GWAS, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Cells, Cultured, African Continental Ancestry Group, Genetics & Heredity, Genetics, ddc:616, Kidney, Framingham Risk Score, Cultured, COMMON VARIANTS, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Single Nucleotide, Biological Sciences, African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics, Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics, Blood Pressure/genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Hypertension/genetics, Hypertension/pathology, Microarray Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Hypertension/genetics/pathology, Hypertension, Medical genetics, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, TRAITS, Biotechnology, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, medicine.medical_specialty, CHARGE-EchoGen Consortium, Cells, Black People, BIOLOGY, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Blood pressure, hypertension, genetics, single nucleotide polymorphism, GWAS, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Asian People, medicine, Polymorphism, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, CELL-TYPES, METAANALYSIS, Genetic association, Science & Technology, CHARGE-HF consortium, 06 Biological Sciences, Genetic architecture, 030104 developmental biology, Blood pressure, CHARGE-HF Consortium, ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION, Developmental Biology
Abstract

To dissect the genetic architecture of blood pressure (BP) and assess how its elevation promotes downstream cardiovascular diseases, we analyzed 128,272 SNPs from targeted and genome-wide arrays in 201,529 individuals of European ancestry. Genotypes from an additional 140,886 individuals of European ancestry were used as validation for loci reaching genome-wide significance but without prior support in the literature. We identified 66 BP loci, of which 17 were novel and 15 harbored multiple distinct association signals, and which together explain up to 3.5% of BP variation. The 66 index SNPs were enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells, consistent with a primary role in BP control through modulating blood vessel tone and fluid filtration across multiple tissues, not solely the kidney. Importantly, the 66 index SNPs combined in a risk score showed comparable effects in 64,421 individuals of non-European descent (South-Asian, East-Asian and African), confirming that these are ancestral physiological effects that arose prior to human migration out of Africa. The 66-SNP BP risk score was significantly associated with target-organ damage in multiple tissues, with minor effects in the kidney. Our data expand current knowledge of BP pathways, and also, highlight that BP regulation and its effects may occur in multiple organs and tissues beyond the classic renal system.

Published
2016

24. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II

Author

Veit, Roessner, Plessen, Kerstin J., Aribert, Rothenberger, Ludolph, Andrea G., Renata, Rizzo, Liselotte, Skov, Gerd, Strand, Stern, Jeremy S., Cristiano, Termine, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Guidelines Group Androutsos, Essts C., Aschauer, H., Baird, G., Bos Veneman, N., Brambilla, A., Cardona, Francesco Carmelo Giovanni, Cath, D. c., Cavanna, A. e., Czernecki, V., Dehning, S., Eapter, A., Farkas, L., Gadaros, J., Hartmann, A., Hauser, E., Heyman, I., Hedderly, T., Hoekstra, P. j., Korsgaard, A., Jackson, G. m., Larsson, L., Ludolph, A. g., Martino, D., Menghetti, C., Mol Debes, N., Muller, N., Muller Vahl, K., Munchau, A., Murphy, T., Musil, R., Nagy, P., Nurnberger, J., Oostra, B., Paschou, P., Pasquini, M., Plessen, K. j., Porta, M., Rickards, H., Rizzo, R., Robertson, M. m., Roessner, V., Rothenberger, A., Servello, D., Skov, L., Stern, J. s., Strand, G., Tarnok, Z., Termine, C., Van Der Griendt, J., Verdellen, C., Visser Vandewalle, V., Wannag, E., Wolanczyck, T., Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Dresden Medical School, Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Bispebjerg, Capital Region Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Sensory Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Renata Rizzo Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psichiatry, Maternal Infantile and Radiological Sciences Department, Catania University, Department of Pediatrics, Glostrup University Hospital, Norwegian Resource Center for AD/HD, Tourette Syndrome and Narcolepsy, Ullevål University Hospital, St George's Hospital Neurology, Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Roessner, V, Plessen, K, Rothenberger, A, Ludolph, A, Rizzo, R, Skov, L, Strand, G, Stern, J, Termine, C, Hoekstra, P, Androutsos, C, Aschauer, H, Baird, G, Bos-Veneman, N, Brambilla, A, Cardona, F, Cath, D, Cavanna, A, Czernecki, V, Dehning, S, Eapter, A, Farkas, L, Gadaros, J, Hartmann, A, Hauser, E, Heyman, I, Hedderly, T, Korsgaard, A, Jackson, G, Larsson, L, Martino, D, Menghetti, C, Debes, N, Muller, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Munchau, A, Murphy, T, Musil, R, Nagy, P, Nurnberger, J, Oostra, B, Paschou, P, Pasquini, M, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Robertson, M, Servello, D, Tarnok, Z, Van Der Griendt, J, Verdellen, C, Visser-Vandewalle, V, Wannag, E, Wolanczyck, T, Neurochirurgie, and RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience

Subjects
Placebo-controlled study, Pharmacologic, Guideline, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL, Tourette syndrome, Pharmacologic treatment, DOUBLE-BLIND, 0302 clinical medicine, DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, Developmental and Educational Psychology, SIMPLE MOTOR TICS, Tic, Tourette, Assessment, ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, LONG-TERM TREATMENT, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Europe, Psychiatry and Mental health, TRANSDERMAL NICOTINE, Tics, BOTULINUM TOXIN INJECTION, Psychology, guidelines, pharmacologic, tics, tourette, treatment, Antipsychotic Agents, medicine.medical_specialty, MEDLINE, Habit reversal training, RETROSPECTIVE CASE-NOTE, Guidelines, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Tourette, Treatment, medicine, Humans, Medicine & Public Health, Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Tic, Evidence-based medicine, OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Tic Disorders, Treatment of Tourette syndrome, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tourette Syndrome
Abstract

International audience; To develop a European guideline on pharmacologic treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS) the available literature was thoroughly screened and extensively discussed by a working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette syndrome (ESSTS). Although there are many more studies on pharmacotherapy of TS than on behavioral treatment options, only a limited number of studies meets rigorous quality criteria. Therefore, we have devised a two-stage approach. First, we present the highest level of evidence by reporting the findings of existing Cochrane reviews in this field. Subsequently, we provide the first comprehensive overview of all reports on pharmacological treatment options for TS through a MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE search for all studies that document the effect of pharmacological treatment of TS and other tic disorders between 1970 and November 2010. We present a summary of the current consensus on pharmacological treatment options for TS in Europe to guide the clinician in daily practice. This summary is, however, rather a status quo of a clinically helpful but merely low evidence guideline, mainly driven by expert experience and opinion, since rigorous experimental studies are scarce.

Published
2011

25. Olfactory configural and elemental abilities in adults with autism

Author

Pflug, K., Hummel, Thomas, Arshamian, A., King, J., Ehrlich, S., Bensafi, Moustafa, Coureaud, Gérard, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Sinding, Charlotte, Inconnu, Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, UMR 5292, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, mental disorders, behavioral disciplines and activities, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

Olfactory configural and elemental abilities in adults with autism. Clinical chemosensation 2014

Published
2014

26. Conclusion

Author

Caradec, Vincent, Hummel, Cornelia, Mallon, Isabelle, Centre de Recherche 'Individus Epreuves Sociétés' - ULR 3589 (CeRIES), Université de Lille, Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Modes, espaces et processus de socialisation (MEPS), Centre Max Weber (CMW), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Cornélia Hummel, Isabelle Mallon, and Vincent Caradec (dir.)

Subjects
[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology
Published
2014

27. Introduction

Author

Caradec, Vincent, Hummel, Cornelia, Mallon, Isabelle, Centre de Recherche 'Individus Epreuves Sociétés' - ULR 3589 (CeRIES), Université de Lille, Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Modes, espaces et processus de socialisation (MEPS), Centre Max Weber (CMW), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Cornélia Hummel, Isabelle Mallon, and Vincent Caradec (dir.)

Subjects
vieillesses, vieillissements, sociologie, démographie, gérontologie, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology
Abstract

Ce chapitre introduit à la sociologie francophone de la vieillesse et du vieillissement. Il revient sur le projet de l'ouvrage, ses modes de réflexion et de structuration. Il définit la vieillesse et le vieillissement comme des objets sociologiques, et détermine cette perspective disciplinaire en la resituant dans une rupture épistémologiques avec le sens commun et par comparaison avec d'autres perspectives disciplinaires.

Published
2014

28. Is the superior temporal sulcus involved in the reinforced configural processing of a binary odor mixture?

Author

Sinding, Charlotte, Coureaud, Gérard, Beno, Noëlle, Le Berre, Elodie, Hummel, Cornelia, Prescott, John, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Taste Matters Research & Consulting, Neurosciences Sensorielles Comportement Cognition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte

Subjects
[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

Is the superior temporal sulcus involved in the reinforced configural processing of a binary odor mixture?. 35. annual meeting - association for chemoreception sciences (AChemS)

Published
2013

29. Cross-modal integration of emotions in the chemical senses

Author

Catherine Rouby, Emilia Iannilli, Thomas Hummel, Moustafa Bensafi, Valentin A. Schriever, Johannes Gerber, Johan Poncelet, Han-Seok Seo, Neurosciences Sensorielles Comportement Cognition, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, and Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden)

Subjects
emotion, congruency, Olfaction, Stimulus (physiology), 050105 experimental psychology, lcsh:RC321-571, Anterior cingulate gyrus, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Neural activity, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Psychophysics, trigeminal, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Original Research Article, Chemical senses, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Biological Psychiatry, fMRI, 05 social sciences, Human brain, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Neural processing, Psychology, Neuroscience, psychological phenomena and processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, olfaction
Abstract

Although the brain structures involved in integrating odorant and trigeminal stimuli are well-documented, there is still a need to clarify (1) how emotional response is represented in the human brain during cross-modal interaction between odors and trigeminal stimuli, and (2) whether the degree of congruency between the two types of stimuli influences these emotional responses and their neural processing. These questions were explored combining psychophysics, event-related potentials (ERP) and fMRI in the same group of 17 subjects under a “congruent condition” (intranasal carbon dioxide mixed with the smell of orange, a combination found in soda drinks, for example), and an “incongruent condition” (intranasal carbon dioxide mixed with the smell of rose, a combination not encountered in everyday life). Responses to the 3 constituent stimuli (carbon dioxide, orange, and rose) were also measured. Hedonic and intensity ratings were collected for all stimulations. The congruent bimodal stimulus was rated as more pleasant than the incongruent. This behavioral effect was associated with enhanced neural activity in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate gyrus, indicating that these brain areas mediate reactivation of pleasant and congruent olfactory-trigeminal associations.

Published
2013

30. Dissociated Representations of Pleasant and Unpleasant Olfacto-Trigeminal Mixtures: An fMRI Study

Author

Catherine Rouby, Han-Seok Seo, Thomas Hummel, Moustafa Bensafi, Johan Poncelet, Johannes Gerber, Emilia Iannilli, Neurosciences Sensorielles Comportement Cognition, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, and Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden)

Subjects
Cingulate cortex, Male, Pleasure, Anatomy and Physiology, genetic structures, Caudate nucleus, lcsh:Medicine, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Biochemistry, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Superior temporal gyrus, 0302 clinical medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Psychology, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, Crossmodal, 05 social sciences, fMRI, Brain, Neurochemistry, Human brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sensory Systems, medicine.anatomical_structure, Sensory Perception, Female, Neurochemicals, psychological phenomena and processes, Research Article, Citrus sinensis, Olfactory Nerve, Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroimaging, Biology, Rosa, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, Neurological System, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Neuropsychology, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Trigeminal Nerve, Trigeminal nerve, Olfactory System, Analysis of Variance, lcsh:R, Cognitive Psychology, Carbon Dioxide, Olfactory Perception, Odorants, lcsh:Q, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Insula, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

How the pleasantness of chemosensory stimuli such as odorants or intranasal trigeminal compounds is processed in the human brain has been the focus of considerable recent interest. Yet, so far, only the unimodal form of this hedonic processing has been explored, and not its bimodal form during crossmodal integration of olfactory and trigeminal stimuli. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate this question. To this end, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in an experiment comparing brain activation related to a pleasant and a relatively unpleasant olfacto-trigeminal mixture, and to their individual components (CO(2) alone, Orange alone, Rose alone). Results revealed first common neural activity patterns in response to both mixtures in a number of regions: notably the superior temporal gyrus and the caudate nucleus. Common activations were also observed in the insula, although the pleasant mixture activated the right insula whereas the unpleasant mixture activated the left insula. However, specific activations were observed in anterior cingulate gyrus and the ventral tegmental area only during the perception of the pleasant mixture. These findings emphasized for the firs time the involvement of the latter structures in processing of pleasantness during crossmodal integration of chemosensory stimuli.

Published
2012

31. Human Skin Microbiota: High Diversity of DNA Viruses Identified on the Human Skin by High Throughput Sequencing

Author

Vincent Foulongne, Virginie Sauvage, Olivier Dereure, Charles Hebert, Meriadeg Ar Gouilh, Justine Cheval, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, Kevin Pariente, Valérie Caro, Ana Maria Burguiere, Michel Segondy, Marc Eloit, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Dept Dermatol, University of Dresden Medical School, Institut Pasteur [Paris], PathoQuest, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (Saint-Maurice, France), region Ile de France, Montpellier University Hospital [AOI 2008, UF8425], Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence - Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (CIBU), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Génotypage des Pathogènes et Santé Publique (Plate-forme) (PF8), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Département de Virologie - Department of Virology

Subjects
Bacterial Diseases, Viral Diseases, Flora, MERKEL CELL POLYOMAVIRUS, SAMPLES, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Merkel cell polyomavirus, Human skin, Dermatologic Pathology, MOLECULAR ANALYSIS, PSORIATIC LESIONS, Bacteriophages, lcsh:Science, Papillomaviridae, Phylogeny, Skin, Circoviridae, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Merkel cell carcinoma, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Bacterial Pathogens, 3. Good health, GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION, Infectious Diseases, CIRCOVIRUSES, Medicine, BACTERIAL BIOTA, Polyomaviridae, Research Article, Skin Infections, CARCINOMA, Dermatology, Genome, Viral, Microbiology, Microbial Ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, medicine, Humans, CUTANEOUS HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES, Human virome, HEALTHY SKIN, Microbiome, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:R, DNA Viruses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Metagenome, lcsh:Q, Circovirus, Genome, Bacterial
Abstract

International audience; The human skin is a complex ecosystem that hosts a heterogeneous flora. Until recently, the diversity of the cutaneous microbiota was mainly investigated for bacteria through culture based assays subsequently confirmed by molecular techniques. There are now many evidences that viruses represent a significant part of the cutaneous flora as demonstrated by the asymptomatic carriage of beta and gamma-human papillomaviruses on the healthy skin. Furthermore, it has been recently suggested that some representatives of the Polyomavirus genus might share a similar feature. In the present study, the cutaneous virome of the surface of the normal-appearing skin from five healthy individuals and one patient with Merkel cell carcinoma was investigated through a high throughput metagenomic sequencing approach in an attempt to provide a thorough description of the cutaneous flora, with a particular focus on its viral component. The results emphasize the high diversity of the viral cutaneous flora with multiple polyomaviruses, papillomaviruses and circoviruses being detected on normal-appearing skin. Moreover, this approach resulted in the identification of new Papillomavirus and Circovirus genomes and confirmed a very low level of genetic diversity within human polyomavirus species. Although viruses are generally considered as pathogen agents, our findings support the existence of a complex viral flora present at the surface of healthy-appearing human skin in various individuals. The dynamics and anatomical variations of this skin virome and its variations according to pathological conditions remain to be further studied. The potential involvement of these viruses, alone or in combination, in skin proliferative disorders and oncogenesis is another crucial issue to be elucidated.

Published
2012

32. A european network for monitoring fluxes of water and carbon dioxide above temperate forests

Author

Loustau, Denis, Pereira, J.S., Ferreira-Gama, I., Moncrieff, J.B., Tenhunen, J.D, Koestner, B., Valentini, R., Scarascia Mugnozza, G., Bernhofer, C., Domaine Expérimental de l'Hermitage (PIERROTON UE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), University of Edinburgh, University of Bayreuth, Tuscia University, University of Dresden Medical School, and INRA

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

Document localisé à ERIST / Documentation de centre - INRA BORDEAUX - Cote : ERIST BX-1753

Published
1993

33. Acute effects of lithium augmentation on the kidney in geriatric compared with non-geriatric patients with treatment-resistant depression.

Author

Osterland SL, Adli M, Saritas T, Schlattmann P, Behr J, Müller-Mertel R, Hoffmann K, Stamm TJ, Bschor T, Richter C, Steinacher B, Jockers-Scherübl MC, Köhler S, Heinz A, Ricken R, and Buspavanich P

Subjects
Humans, Aged, Lithium therapeutic use, Depression, Cohort Studies, Prospective Studies, Kidney, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant drug therapy, Acute Kidney Injury chemically induced, Acute Kidney Injury drug therapy
Abstract

Introduction: Lithium augmentation (LA) of antidepressants is a first-line therapy option for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Nevertheless, it is rarely used in geriatric patients mostly because of the fear of kidney toxicity. The purpose of this study is to investigate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) changes and number of acute kidney injuries (AKI) using LA in geriatric compared with non-geriatric patients., Methods: In a prospective multicenter cohort study, eGFR changes were measured in 201 patients with unipolar depression (n age≥65years  = 29; n age<65years  = 172) at baseline and over 2-6 weeks of LA. We used linear mixed models to investigate changes in eGFR upon LA and assessed the number of AKIs, according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines., Results: Both age groups showed a significant eGFR decline over the course of treatment with lower eGFR in geriatric patients. The lithium serum level (interpretable as "effect of LA") had a significant effect on eGFR decline. Both effects (age group and lithium serum level) on eGFR decline did not influence each other, meaning the effect of LA on eGFR decline did not differ between age groups. Two AKIs were observed in the geriatric age group when serum lithium levels exceeded the therapeutic range of >0.8 mmol/L., Conclusion: This is the first study investigating eGFR change and AKI upon LA for TRD in geriatric compared with non-geriatric patients. Our data suggest that LA, as an effective treatment option in geriatric patients, should be closely monitored to avoid AKIs., (© 2022 The Authors. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2023
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34. Covid-19 affects taste independently of smell: results from a combined chemosensory home test and online survey from a global cohort (N=10,953).

Author

Nguyen H, Albayay J, Höchenberger R, Bhutani S, Boesveldt S, Busch NA, Croijmans I, Cooper KW, de Groot JHB, Farruggia MC, Fjaeldstad AW, Hayes JE, Hummel T, Joseph PV, Laktionova TK, Thomas-Danguin T, Veldhuizen MG, Voznessenskaya VV, Parma V, Pepino MY, and Ohla K

Abstract

People often confuse smell loss with taste loss, so it is unclear how much gustatory function is reduced in patients self-reporting taste loss. Our pre-registered cross-sectional study design included an online survey in 12 languages with instructions for self-administering chemosensory tests with ten household items. Between June 2020 and March 2021, 10,953 individuals participated. Of these, 3,356 self-reported a positive and 602 a negative COVID-19 diagnosis (COVID+ and COVID-, respectively); 1,267 were awaiting test results (COVID?). The rest reported no respiratory illness and were grouped by symptoms: sudden smell/taste changes (STC, N=4,445), other symptoms excluding smell or taste loss (OthS, N=832), and no symptoms (NoS, N=416). Taste, smell, and oral irritation intensities and self-assessed abilities were rated on visual analog scales. Compared to the NoS group, COVID+ was associated with a 21% reduction in taste (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 15-28%), 47% in smell (95%-CI: 37-56%), and 17% in oral irritation (95%-CI: 10-25%) intensity. In all groups, perceived intensity of smell (r=0.84), taste (r=0.68), and oral irritation (r=0.37) was correlated. Our findings suggest most reports of taste dysfunction with COVID-19 were genuine and not due to misinterpreting smell loss as taste loss (i.e., a classical taste-flavor confusion). Assessing smell and taste intensity of household items is a promising, cost-effective screening tool that complements self-reports and helps to disentangle taste loss from smell loss. However, it does not replace standardized validated psychophysical tests.

Published
2023
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35. Covid-19 affects taste independent of taste-smell confusions: results from a combined chemosensory home test and online survey from a large global cohort.

Author

Nguyen H, Albayay J, Höchenberger R, Bhutani S, Boesveldt S, Busch NA, Croijmans I, Cooper KW, de Groot JHB, Farruggia MC, Fjaeldstad AW, Hayes JE, Hummel T, Joseph PV, Laktionova TK, Thomas-Danguin T, Veldhuizen MG, Voznessenskaya VV, Parma V, Pepino MY, and Ohla K

Subjects
Humans, Smell, Taste, Anosmia, SARS-CoV-2, Cross-Sectional Studies, Taste Disorders diagnosis, COVID-19 diagnosis, Ageusia, Olfaction Disorders diagnosis
Abstract

People often confuse smell loss with taste loss, so it is unclear how much gustatory function is reduced in patients self-reporting taste loss. Our pre-registered cross-sectional study design included an online survey in 12 languages with instructions for self-administering chemosensory tests with 10 household items. Between June 2020 and March 2021, 10,953 individuals participated. Of these, 5,225 self-reported a respiratory illness and were grouped based on their reported COVID test results: COVID-positive (COVID+, N = 3,356), COVID-negative (COVID-, N = 602), and COVID unknown for those waiting for a test result (COVID?, N = 1,267). The participants who reported no respiratory illness were grouped by symptoms: sudden smell/taste changes (STC, N = 4,445), other symptoms excluding smell or taste changes (OthS, N = 832), and no symptoms (NoS, N = 416). Taste, smell, and oral irritation intensities and self-assessed abilities were rated on visual analog scales. Compared to the NoS group, COVID+ was associated with a 21% reduction in taste (95% confidence interval (CI): 15-28%), 47% in smell (95% CI: 37-56%), and 17% in oral irritation (95% CI: 10-25%) intensity. There were medium to strong correlations between perceived intensities and self-reported abilities (r = 0.84 for smell, r = 0.68 for taste, and r = 0.37 for oral irritation). Our study demonstrates that COVID-19-positive individuals report taste dysfunction when self-tested with stimuli that have little to none olfactory components. Assessing the smell and taste intensity of household items is a promising, cost-effective screening tool that complements self-reports and may help to disentangle taste loss from smell loss. However, it does not replace standardized validated psychophysical tests., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2023
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36. Integrated age-related immunohistological changes occur in human olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb.

Author

Fitzek M, Patel PK, Solomon PD, Lin B, Hummel T, Schwob JE, and Holbrook EH

Subjects
Aged, Anosmia, Humans, Metaplasia, Olfactory Mucosa injuries, Olfactory Bulb chemistry, Olfactory Receptor Neurons physiology
Abstract

Olfactory epithelium (OE) is capable of lifelong regeneration due to presence of basal progenitor cells that respond to injury or neuronal loss with increased activity. However, this capability diminishes with advancing age and a decrease in odor perception in older individuals is well established. To characterize changes associated with age in the peripheral olfactory system, an in-depth analysis of the OE and its neuronal projections onto the olfactory bulb (OB) as a function of age was performed. Human olfactory tissue autopsy samples from 36 subjects with an average age of 74.1 years were analyzed. Established cell type-specific antibodies were used to identify OE component cells in whole mucosal sheets and epithelial sections as well as glomeruli and periglomerular structures in OB sections. With age, a reduction in OE area occurs across the mucosa progressing in a posterior-dorsal direction. Deterioration of the olfactory system is accompanied with diminution of neuron-containing OE, mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and OB innervation. On an individual level, the neuronal density within the epithelium appears to predict synapse density within the OB. The innervation of the OB is uneven with higher density at the ventral half that decreases with age as opposed to stable innervation at the dorsal half. Respiratory metaplasia, submucosal cysts, and neuromata, were commonly identified in aged OE. The finding of respiratory metaplasia and aneuronal epithelium with reduction in global basal cells suggests a progression of stem cell quiescence as an underlying pathophysiology of age-related smell loss in humans. KEY POINTS: A gradual loss of olfactory sensory neurons with age in human olfactory epithelium is also reflected in a reduction in glomeruli within the olfactory bulb. This gradual loss of neurons and synaptic connections with age occurs in a specific, spatially inhomogeneous manner. Decreasing mitotically active olfactory epithelium basal cells may contribute to age-related neuronal decline and smell loss in humans., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Published
2022
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37. Acupuncture is associated with a positive effect on odour discrimination in patients with postinfectious smell loss-a controlled prospective study.

Author

Drews T, Hummel T, Rochlitzer B, Hauswald B, and Hähner A

Subjects
Anosmia, Humans, Odorants, Prospective Studies, Sensory Thresholds, Smell, Acupuncture Therapy, Olfaction Disorders diagnosis, Olfaction Disorders etiology, Olfaction Disorders therapy
Abstract

Introduction: Smell disorders are common in the general population and occur e.g., after infections, trauma or idiopathically Treatment strategies for smell loss range from surgery, medication to olfactory training, depending on the pathology, but they are limited This study examined the effect of acupuncture on olfactory function., Methods: Sixty patients with smell loss following infections of the upper respiratory tract were included in this investigation Half of the study group were randomly assigned to verum acupuncture and the other half to sham acupuncture Olfaction was measured by means of the "Sniffin' Sticks" test battery (odour threshold, discrimination and identification)., Results: Compared to sham acupuncture, verum was associated with an improvement of smell function as measured by the TDI score (p = 0.039) The improvement was largely determined by improvement in odour discrimination, and was significantly better in patients with a shorter duration of the disorder., Conclusion: The present results suggest that acupuncture is an effective supplementary treatment option for patients with olfactory loss., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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38. Emergency Treatment of Anaphylactic Reactions in Air Rescue Missions: An Eight-Year Analysis of a German Rescue Helicopter Base.

Author

Lakner T, Cuevas M, Polk ML, Petrowski K, and Frank M

Subjects
Adult, Aircraft, Child, Emergency Treatment, Epinephrine therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Anaphylaxis drug therapy, Anaphylaxis epidemiology
Abstract

Introduction: Anaphylactic reactions can lead to a life-threatening situation. In the event of anaphylaxis, rapid and targeted emergency treatment is indicated., Study Objective: The study sought to determine the emergency therapy administered for anaphylaxis in children and adults. Focus was placed on therapy with adrenaline. In addition, the study aimed to investigate demographic data, triggers, and hospitalization rates of the different severities of anaphylaxis., Methods: A retrospective analysis of anaphylactic reactions was conducted using data from prehospital emergency missions performed by the Air Rescue Dresden/Germany from 2008 through 2015 using the standardized application protocol EPRO-5.0 (MIND 3) anonymized. Data from 152 adults and 29 children were evaluated, focusing especially on the acute treatment as well as demographic information, triggers, and symptoms of anaphylactic reactions., Results: In total, 152 adults (73 female, 79 male) from 18 to 87 years (mean 50.5 years) and 29 children (9 female, 20 male) from 1 to 16 years (mean 7.5 years) with anaphylactic reactions were analyzed. The most common trigger for severe anaphylactic reactions (Grade II-IV; classification modified according to Ring and Messmer) was food in children (33%) and insect venom in adults (59%). The data show that 19% of adults with Grade II-IV anaphylactic reactions (classification modified according to Ring and Messmer) received adrenaline. Regarding children, the appliance of adrenaline was only administered in seven percent of the cases of Grade II-IV anaphylactic reactions. Adults with Grade II or higher anaphylactic reactions were hospitalized in 92%. Three percent refused hospitalization and five percent were not transferred to hospital. One-hundred percent of the children with Grade II-IV anaphylaxis were hospitalized., Conclusions: Analysis of data from the Air Rescue Dresden/Germany shows that despite existing recommendations, only 19% of adults with severe anaphylaxis received adrenaline. Among children, only in seven percent was a treatment with adrenaline performed.On the other hand, all patients survived the acute emergency treatment without apparent adverse outcomes. Thus, further studies are needed to determine the proper use of adrenaline in anaphylactic reactions.

Published
2021
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39. Faster speed of onset of the depressive episode is associated with lower cytokine serum levels (IL-2, -4, -6, -10, TNF-α and IFN-γ) in patients with major depression.

Author

Buspavanich P, Adli M, Himmerich H, Berger M, Busche M, Schlattmann P, Bopp S, Bschor T, Richter C, Steinacher B, Stoppel C, Hindinger C, Meyer S, Hoffmann K, Stamm T, Gabriel A, Merkl A, Goerke-Arndt F, Köhler S, Sterzer P, Heinz A, Behr J, Fakhri H, Lang F, Lang UE, and Ricken R

Subjects
Cytokines, Depression, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Retrospective Studies, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Depressive Disorder, Major, Interleukin-2
Abstract

Introduction: Cytokines might play a key role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The speed of onset of depressive episodes has been discussed as an important clinical parameter in MDD. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential influence of the speed of onset of the depressive episode on cytokine serum levels., Method: Serum level of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) granulocyte and monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured in a total of 92 patients with MDD that did not respond to at least one previous antidepressant treatment. Patients were retrospectively divided in two groups: Faster (≤4 weeks) and slower (>4 weeks) onset of the depressive episode defined as the time passing from the first depressive symptoms to a full-blown depressive episode by using information from a clinical interview., Results: We found significantly lower serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in patients with a faster onset compared to patients with a slower onset of the depressive episodes. Furthermore, lower cytokine serum levels of IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-γ were found in patients with a shorter duration (less than 6 months) compared to a longer duration (6-24 months) of the current depressive episode. This effect on cytokines was independent from the effect of the speed of onset of the depressive episode., Conclusions: Patients with faster onset of the depressive episode might represent a biological subtype of MDD with lower serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2021
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40. Consequences of gaining olfactory function after lifelong anosmia.

Author

Pellegrino R, Mignot C, Georgiopoulos C, Haehner A, and Hummel T

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Odorants, Smell, Young Adult, Anosmia, Olfaction Disorders
Abstract

We present a rare case in which a patient has gained her smell after lifelong anosmia. The patient was objectively tested and diagnosed with functional anosmia at age 13 and reported they were experiencing a new sensation of smell at age 22. Our results show an electrophysiological signal for two unimodal odorants. The patient had a retronasal score in the hyposmic range and self-reported the ability to smell non-trigeminal odors, but reported being disturbed by the presence of the new sense and co-occurrence of phantosmia. We discuss our case in routes of neurogenesis and non-forming memory association with odors.

Published
2021
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41. The sense of smell is not strongly affected by ambient temperature and humidity: a prospective study in a controlled environment.

Author

Drews T, Nehring M, Werner A, and Hummel T

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Humidity, Male, Odorants, Prospective Studies, Sensory Thresholds, Temperature, Olfaction Disorders, Smell
Abstract

Introduction: The sense of smell is dependent on environmental conditions. In this study, we analysed the effect of temperature and humidity on the ability to smell., Methods: Using the controlled setting of a hypobaric climate chamber 50 healthy participants (40 men, 10 women; mean age of 33 years) completed repeated testing in 4 different settings-cold/dry, cold/humid, warm/dry, warm/humid. The temperatures were 20-35 °C, respectively, and the humidity was set at 30-75%. Testing was performed using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test battery (odour threshold, discrimination and identification) in a semi-randomised order and in controlled atmospheric pressure conditions., Results: The analysis showed that neither temperature nor humidity had a significant effect on olfactory test results. This indicates that olfactory functions in healthy, young subjects with an excellent sense of smell are not strongly affected by temporary changes in environmental conditions.

Published
2021
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42. Configural memory of a blending aromatic mixture reflected in activation of the left orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus.

Author

Sinding C, Hummel T, Béno N, Prescott J, Bensafi M, Coureaud G, and Thomas-Danguin T

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Odorants, Prefrontal Cortex diagnostic imaging, Young Adult, Brain Mapping, Memory physiology, Olfactory Perception physiology, Prefrontal Cortex physiology
Abstract

Blending aromatic mixtures components naturally fuse to form a unique odor - a configuration- qualitatively different from each component's odor. Repeated exposure to the components either in the mixture or separately, favors respectively, configural and elemental processings. The neural bases of such processes are still unknown. We examined the brain correlates of the experienced-induced configural processing of a well-known model of binary blending odor mixture, the aromatic pineapple blending (AB, ethyl maltol + ethyl isobutyrate). Before fMRI recording, half of the participants were repeatedly exposed to the mixture (AB, group Gmix), with the other half exposed to its separate components (A and B; Gcomp). During the fMRI recording, all participants were stimulated with the mixture (AB) and the components (A and B). Finally, participants rated the number of odors perceived for each stimulus. Gmix perceived the AB mixture as less complex than did Gcomp. While Gcomp perceived the mixture as more complex than its components, Gmix did not. These results show the presence of experience-induced configural or elemental processing of the AB mixture in each group. Contrasting the brain activity of Gcomp and Gmix, when stimulated with AB, revealed higher activation in the left orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus. This result sheds light on this area's function, commonly found activated in olfactory studies, and closely connected with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. We discuss the role of this area as a mediator of configural percepts between temporal and orbitofrontal areas involved in configural memory processes., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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43. Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume in Obesity and Its Relation to Metabolic Health Status.

Author

Poessel M, Breuer N, Joshi A, Pampel A, Villringer A, Hummel T, and Horstmann A

Abstract

Smell perception plays an important role in eating behavior and might be involved in body weight gain. Since a body of literature implies that olfactory perception and function is hampered in obesity, we here investigate neuroanatomical correlates of this phenomenon. We assessed olfactory bulb (OB) volume with magnetic resonance imaging in 67 healthy participants with a body mass index (BMI) from 18.9 to 45.4 kg/m 2 (mean = 28.58 ± 6.64). Moreover, we obtained psychophysiological data on olfactory ability (Sniffin' Sticks, Food associated odor test) and self-report measurements on eating behavior. Additionally, we collected parameters associated with metabolic health in obesity (waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, leptin levels, body fat percentage, fat mass index, insulin resistance) to investigate recently proposed mechanistic explanatory models of why olfaction may be altered in obesity. We showed that OB volume was significantly lower in participants with obesity when compared to those of normal weight. Moreover, we found weak to moderate negative correlations between OB volume and BMI and related measures of metabolic health, especially leptin, body fat percentage, waist-height ratio and insulin resistance. However, neither OB volume nor BMI were related to olfactory function in our young and healthy sample. Nevertheless, our results provide first indications that obesity is associated with brain anatomical changes in the OBs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Poessel, Breuer, Joshi, Pampel, Villringer, Hummel and Horstmann.)

Published
2020
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44. Trait Emotional Intelligence and Relationship Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Dyadic Coping.

Author

Wollny A, Jacobs I, and Pabel L

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sexual Partners psychology, Young Adult, Adaptation, Psychological, Emotional Intelligence, Interpersonal Relations, Personal Satisfaction
Abstract

Trait emotional intelligence ( TEI ) is an important individual difference variable that is related to the quality of romantic relationships. The present study investigated the associations between TEI, dyadic coping, and relationship satisfaction. A convenience sample of N  = 136 heterosexual couples was recruited online. When the actor-partner interdependence model was applied to the data, TEI showed a positive actor effect and a positive partner effect on relationship satisfaction. The actor effect and partner effect of TEI on relationship satisfaction were partially mediated through positive dyadic coping and common dyadic coping, respectively. A small total indirect actor effect was also found for negative dyadic coping. Controlling for potential content overlap between TEI and relationship satisfaction did not alter the results. However, removing variance from the TEI score that was shared with the Big Five trait factors attenuated TEI's actor and partner effects on relationship satisfaction and rendered all but one actor effect for TEI on dyadic coping and all but one indirect effect nonsignificant. The results underline the importance of TEI for the quality of romantic relationships and they shed light on underlying mechanisms. Implications for theory, research, and applications in counseling contexts will be discussed.

Published
2020
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45. Leptin gene polymorphisms are associated with weight gain during lithium augmentation in patients with major depression.

Author

Bopp SK, Heilbronner U, Schlattmann P, Mühleisen TW, Bschor T, Richter C, Steinacher B, Stamm TJ, Merkl A, Herms S, Köhler S, Sterzer P, Hellweg R, Heinz A, Cichon S, Lang UE, Schulze TG, Adli M, and Ricken R

Subjects
Adult, Depressive Disorder, Major blood, Female, Genotype, Humans, Ideal Body Weight, Leptin blood, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Retrospective Studies, Depressive Disorder, Major drug therapy, Depressive Disorder, Major genetics, Leptin genetics, Lithium adverse effects, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Weight Gain drug effects, Weight Gain genetics
Abstract

Weight gain is a common adverse effect of lithium augmentation. Previous studies indicate an impact of genetic variants at the leptin gene on weight gain as a consequence of psychopharmacological treatment. The primary aim of our study was to identify variants at the leptin locus that might predict lithium-induced weight gain. The secondary aim was to investigate if these variants modulate leptin levels. In 180 patients with acute major depressive disorder, body mass index was measured before and after 4 weeks of lithium augmentation, in a subsample also after 4 and/or 7 months. In a subsample of 89 patients, leptin serum concentrations were measured before and during lithium augmentation. We used linear mixed model analyzes to investigate the effects of 2 polymorphisms at the leptin locus (rs4731426 and rs7799039, employing the respective proxy SNPs rs2278815 and rs10487506) on changes in body mass index and leptin levels. For both polymorphisms, which are in high linkage disequilibrium, body mass index was significantly lower in homozygous A-allele carriers than in carriers of other genotypes at baseline. Over the follow-up period, body mass index increased less in homozygous A-allele carriers of rs4731426 than in carriers of other genotypes. This was not the case for rs7799039. Neither polymorphism modulated leptin protein expression. Our study strongly supports the hypothesis that genetic variability at the leptin locus is involved in lithium augmentation-associated weight gain in major depressive disorder. Furthermore, Genotype-Tissue Expression data provide strong evidence that rs4731426 influences the expression of leptin messenger ribonucleic acid in fibroblasts., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2019
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46. Validation of the olfactory disorders questionnaire for English-speaking patients with olfactory disorders.

Author

Langstaff L, Pradhan N, Clark A, Boak D, Salam M, Hummel T, and Philpott CM

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Olfaction Disorders physiopathology, Reproducibility of Results, Language, Olfaction Disorders epidemiology, Sensory Thresholds physiology, Smell physiology, Surveys and Questionnaires
Abstract

Objectives: To adapt the existing German language olfactory disorders questionnaire for use with English-speaking patients. To validate the adapted version for routine clinical use., Design: The translated version of the original German questionnaire was revised with a patient and a clinician to reflect British language and culture. Patients attending an olfactory dysfunction clinic were recruited to perform the adapted questionnaire on two occasions at least 1 month apart. Additional online participants completed the questionnaire via the charity Fifth Sense., Main Outcome Measures: Retest reliability of the English olfactory disorders questionnaire (eODQ) in affected patients including potential for redundancy in any of the included questions. Correlation of eODQ scores with Sniffin' Sticks scores., Results: Eighty-seven patients reporting olfactory dysfunction were recruited and had a mean age of 48 with 35% of them being male; 50 datasets were available for analysis. A total of 957 members of the charity entered responses into the online questionnaire; 699 responses could be scored with participants' mean age of 55 years and with 69% reporting as female. The eODQ score and Sniffin' Sticks threshold, discrimination and identification score at timepoint 1 were correlated to assess for concurrent validity, (r = -0.15, P = 0.17) and showed no significant correlation. Female participants had a significantly higher mean total eODQ score than men, 55.75 compared to 52.28 (P = 0.001). The average score was 54.7 (SD 13.5) with a range from 26 to 87. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was good with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.90 (confidence intervals 0.89, 0.91)., Conclusions: The results of this study support the use of the eODQ in a native English-speaking population and highlight the different distinctions between "objective" testing of olfaction with the Sniffin' Sticks test, and the patient reported impact of olfactory dysfunction on daily life. These two types of assessment can be easily administered in an outpatient setting and used in the assessment and management of olfactory dysfunction., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2019
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47. Odor Identification Performance in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Is Associated With Gender and the Genetic Variability of the Olfactory Binding Protein.

Author

Melis M, Sollai G, Masala C, Pisanu C, Cossu G, Melis M, Sarchioto M, Oppo V, Morelli M, Crnjar R, Hummel T, and Tomassini Barbarossa I

Subjects
Aged, Alleles, Computational Biology, Female, Genetic Variation genetics, Humans, Lipocalins metabolism, Male, Olfaction Disorders genetics, Olfaction Disorders metabolism, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Sex Factors, Lipocalins genetics, Olfactory Perception genetics, Parkinson Disease genetics
Abstract

Deficits in olfaction are among the most frequent non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can be detected early compared with motor symptoms. The reason for the early onset, as well as the mechanism involved remains unknown. We aimed to characterize the olfactory performance of patients with PD and age-matched healthy control (HC) participants in association with gender and a specific polymorphism in the odorant-binding protein IIa (OBPIIa) gene, which plays a crucial role in the perception of odors. The olfactory performance was assessed using the odor identification part of the Sniffin' Sticks test in 249 participants (patients with PD: n = 131 and HC participants: n = 118). All participants were genotyped for the rs2590498 polymorphism of the OBPIIa gene, whose major allele A is associated with a higher retronasal perception than the minor allele G. A higher number of men with PD than women with PD exhibited hyposmia. Importantly, OBPIIa gene polymorphism showed an effect on PD-related olfactory deficits only in women. Women with PD carrying two sensitive alleles (AA) showed a better olfactory performance than women with PD with at least one insensitive allele (G); the olfactory scores of the AA genotype women with PD were not different from those of HC participants. In conclusion, our results confirmed a sex effect on the reduced olfactory performance of patients with PD and identified the OBPIIa locus, which may provide a mechanism to determine the risk factor for olfactory deficits in women with PD at the molecular level., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2019
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48. Treatment response of lithium augmentation in geriatric compared to non-geriatric patients with treatment-resistant depression.

Author

Buspavanich P, Behr J, Stamm T, Schlattmann P, Bschor T, Richter C, Hellweg R, Heinz A, Berger M, Hindinger C, Rentzsch J, de Millas W, Jockers-Scherübl MC, Bräunig P, Adli M, and Ricken R

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major drug therapy, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant drug therapy, Lithium Carbonate therapeutic use
Abstract

Background: Lithium augmentation (LA) of antidepressants is an effective strategy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Nevertheless, it is rarely used in geriatric patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate treatment response of LA in geriatric compared to non-geriatric patients., Method: In a prospective multicenter cohort study, severity of depression was measured weekly in 167 patients with unipolar depression (n age≥65years  = 22; n age<65years  = 145) at baseline and over at least four weeks of LA., Results: Geriatric patients showed a significantly better response to LA compared to non-geriatric patients (Hazard Ratio = 1.91; p = 0.04)., Limitations: An important limitation of our study is the lack of a control group of LA and the missing evaluation of side effects in both groups., Conclusions: This is the first study investigating the efficacy of LA for TRD in geriatric compared to non-geriatric patients. Our data suggest that LA is an effective treatment option in geriatric patients that clinicians might consider more frequently and earlier on in the course of treatment., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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49. Acquired Olfactory Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Author

Schriever VA, Gellrich J, von der Hagen M, and Hummel T

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Humans, Olfaction Disorders diagnosis, Smell physiology, Olfaction Disorders etiology, Olfaction Disorders physiopathology
Abstract

Olfactory function can be influenced by many factors and olfactory dysfunction is associated with several diseases. But even considering this, the causes of acquired olfactory dysfunction in children are not well understood. This review was conducted to gain an overview of the etiologies of acquired olfactory dysfunction in a pediatric population. Studies were identified using a predefined literature search, including studies if patients were ≤18 years of age and results of psychophysical olfactory testing were reported. A total of 44 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review and were included in the qualitative analysis. The influence of 6 disease groups on olfactory function in children was observed (otorhinolaryngology, traumatic brain injury, oncology, psychiatric diseases, environmental factors, and other diseases). The current literature is convincing that diseases in the otorhinolaryngology group and traumatic brain injury can lead to acquired olfactory dysfunction, whereas according to the current literature, the role of other influencing factors such as most psychiatric disorders remains uncertain. A number of diseases and circumstances affect olfactory function in children and may cause acquired olfactory dysfunction in this age group. Nevertheless, more research is needed to better understand the causes of acquired olfactory dysfunction in children. Future research should have the goal of early diagnosis and, if possible, early treatment of the condition to prevent a negative impact of olfactory dysfunction on children and adolescents.

Published
2018
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50. Retro- and orthonasal olfactory function in relation to olfactory bulb volume in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.

Author

Salihoglu M, Kurt O, Ay SA, Baskoy K, Altundag A, Saglam M, Deniz F, Tekeli H, Yonem A, and Hummel T

Subjects
Adult, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Hypogonadism diagnosis, Male, Olfaction Disorders diagnosis, Young Adult, Hypogonadism physiopathology, Olfaction Disorders physiopathology, Olfactory Bulb physiopathology, Taste physiology
Abstract

Introduction: Idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with an olfactory deficit is defined as Kallmann syndrome and is distinct from normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism., Objective: Because olfactory perception not only consists of orthonasally gained impressions but also involves retronasal olfactory function, in this study we decided to comprehensively evaluate both retronasal and orthonasal olfaction in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism., Methods: This case-control study included 31 controls and 45 idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients. All participants whose olfactory and taste functions were evaluated with orthonasal olfaction (discrimination, identification and threshold), retronasal olfaction, taste function and olfactory bulb volume measurement. The patients were separated into three groups according to orthonasal olfaction: anosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, hyposmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism., Results: Discrimination, identification and threshold scores of patients with Kallmann syndrome were significantly lower than controls. Threshold scores of patients with normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. were significantly lower than those of controls, but discrimination and identification scores were not significantly different. Retronasal olfaction was reduced only in the anosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism group compared to controls. Identification of bitter, sweet, sour, and salty tastes was not significantly different when compared between the anosmic, hyposmic, and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism groups and controls. Olfactory bulb volume was lower bilaterally in all patient groups when compared with controls. The olfactory bulb volume of both sides was found to be significantly correlated with threshold, discrimination and identification scores in idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients., Conclusion: 1) There were no significant differences in gustatory function between controls and idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients; 2) retronasal olfaction was reduced only in anosmic patients but not in orthonasally hyposmic participants, possibly indicating presence of effective compensatory mechanisms; 3) olfactory bulb volumes were highly correlated with olfaction scores in the hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism group. The current results indicate a continuum from anosmia to normosmia in idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients., (Copyright © 2017 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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