Author: "University of Basel ( Unibas )" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"University of Basel ( Unibas )"' showing total 1,143 results

Start Over Author "University of Basel ( Unibas )"

1,143 results on '"University of Basel ( Unibas )"'

1. Field and Thermal Emission Limited Charge Injection in Au–C60–Graphene van der Waals Vertical Heterostructures for Organic Electronics

Author: Jacopo Oswald, Davide Beretta, Michael Stiefel, Roman Furrer, Sebastian Lohde, Dominique Vuillaume, Michel Calame, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] [EMPA], Nanostructures, nanoComponents & Molecules - IEMN [NCM - IEMN], University of Basel [Unibas], Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Nanostructures, nanoComponents & Molecules - IEMN (NCM - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), University of Basel (Unibas), M.C. acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) under Grant 182544, D.V. from the Agence Nationale De La Recherche (ANR) under Grant ANR-18-CE93-0005-01, and D.B. from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 754364., and ANR-18-CE93-0005,VdW-OPBT,Hétérostructures Van der Waals hybrides pour transistors organiques verticaux à base perméable.(2018)
Subjects: C60, organic semiconductor, graphene, interface, van der Waals, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, transport vertical
Abstract: International audience; Among the family of 2D materials, graphene is the ideal candidate as top or interlayer electrode for hybrid van der Waals heterostructures made of organic thin films and 2D materials due to its high conductivity and mobility and its inherent ability of forming neat interfaces without diffusing in the adjacent organic layer. Understanding the charge injection mechanism at graphene/organic semiconductor interfaces is therefore crucial to develop organic electronic devices. In particular, Gr/C60 interfaces are promising building blocks for future n-type vertical organic transistors exploiting graphene as tunneling base electrode in a two back-to-back Gr/C60 Schottky diode configuration. This work delves into the charge transport mechanism across Au/C60/Gr vertical heterostructures fabricated on Si/SiO2 using a combination of techniques commonly used in the semiconductor industry, where a resist-free CVD graphene layer functions as a top electrode. Temperature-dependent electrical measurements show that the transport mechanism is injection limited and occurs via Fowler–Nordheim tunneling at low temperature, while it is dominated by a nonideal thermionic emission at room and high temperatures, with energy barriers at room temperature of ca. 0.58 and 0.65 eV at the Gr/C60 and Au/C60 interfaces, respectively. Impedance spectroscopy confirms that the organic semiconductor is depleted, and the energy band diagram results in two electron blocking interfaces. The resulting rectifying nature of the Gr/C60 interface could be exploited in organic hot electron transistors and vertical organic permeable-base transistors.
Published: 2023

2. The Effect of C60 and Pentacene Adsorbates on the Electrical Properties of CVD Graphene on SiO2

Author: Jacopo Oswald, Davide Beretta, Michael Stiefel, Roman Furrer, Dominique Vuillaume, Michel Calame, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [St Gallen] (EMPA), IBM Research -- Zurich, IBM Research [Zurich], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Nanostructures, nanoComponents & Molecules - IEMN (NCM - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), University of Basel (Unibas), M.C. acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) under the grant No. 182544, D.V. from the Agence Nationale De La Recherche (ANR) under the grant ANR-18-CE93-0005-01, and D.B. from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754364., ANR-18-CE93-0005,VdW-OPBT,Hétérostructures Van der Waals hybrides pour transistors organiques verticaux à base perméable.(2018), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] [EMPA], Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [St Gallen] [EMPA], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Nanostructures, nanoComponents & Molecules - IEMN [NCM - IEMN], and University of Basel [Unibas]
Subjects: organic, semiconductor, graphene, field effect, transistor, van der Waals, C60, Pentacene, hybrid, heterostructures, General Chemical Engineering, Organic semiconducteur, field effect transistor, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics
Abstract: Graphene is an excellent 2D material for vertical organic transistors electrodes due to its weak electrostatic screening and field-tunable work function, in addition to its high conductivity, flexibility and optical transparency. Nevertheless, the interaction between graphene and other carbon-based materials, including small organic molecules, can affect the graphene electrical properties and therefore, the device performances. This work investigates the effects of thermally evaporated C60 (n-type) and Pentacene (p-type) thin films on the in-plane charge transport properties of large area CVD graphene under vacuum. This study was performed on a population of 300 graphene field effect transistors. The output characteristic of the transistors revealed that a C60 thin film adsorbate increased the graphene hole density by (1.65 ± 0.36) × 1012 cm−2, whereas a Pentacene thin film increased the graphene electron density by (0.55 ± 0.54) × 1012 cm−2. Hence, C60 induced a graphene Fermi energy downshift of about 100 meV, while Pentacene induced a Fermi energy upshift of about 120 meV. In both cases, the increase in charge carriers was accompanied by a reduced charge mobility, which resulted in a larger graphene sheet resistance of about 3 kΩ at the Dirac point. Interestingly, the contact resistance, which varied in the range 200 Ω–1 kΩ, was not significantly affected by the deposition of the organic molecules.
Published: 2023

3. Lipid exchanges drove the evolution of mutualism during plant terrestrialization

Author: Cyril Libourel, Marcel Bucher, Aurélie Batut, Danny Duijsings, Guru V. Radhakrishnan, Elena Conti, Aurélie Le Ru, Pierre-Marc Delaux, Péter Szövényi, L. Xue, Guillaume Bécard, Giacomo Potente, Jean Keller, Mélanie K. Rich, Erika Sallet, Giles E. D. Oldroyd, Nicolas Vigneron, Seydina Issa Diop, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Pauline Le Faouder, Mohsen Hajheidari, Thomas Ott, Junko Kyozuka, Kyoichi Kodama, Marta Rodriguez-Franco, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Cologne, Zhejiang Normal University, John Innes Centre [Norwich], Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Plateforme d'imagerie cellulaire, Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), BaseClear, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Tohoku University [Sendai], Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Microbiennes dans la Rhizosphère et les Racines, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Evolution des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation grants 160004 and 131726 (P.S.), German Research Foundation (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy (CIBSS -EXC-2189 -Project ID 39093984), German Science Foundation grant BU-2250/12-1, German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, project no. 031B0200 A to M.B.), Commonwealth and Development Office as Engineering Nitrogen Symbiosis for Africa (OPP1172165), Universite Paul Sabatier ATP2016, University of Freiburg : DFG grant INST 39/1153-1, ANR-17-CE20-0006,EVOLSYM,Découverte de réseaux moléculaires symbiotiques chez les plantes par des approches basée sur l'évolution(2017), ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), European Project: 722338, PlantHUB-No. 722338, University of Zurich, Delaux, Pierre-Marc, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 580 Plants (Botany), Biology, Marchantia paleacea, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 01 natural sciences, UFSP13-7 Evolution in Action: From Genomes to Ecosystems, 03 medical and health sciences, Symbiosis, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Mycorrhizae, Botany, Marchantia, Colonization, 10211 Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Proteins, Mutualism (biology), 1000 Multidisciplinary, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Gene Expression Profiling, fungi, Fatty Acids, food and beverages, Lipid metabolism, Biological Transport, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Lipid Metabolism, 10121 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Gain of function, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Mutation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Plant nutrition, 010606 plant biology & botany, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Fungal symbiosis with early land plants Hundreds of millions of years ago, evolved descendants of aquatic plants began showing up on dry land. These newly terrestrialized species had to deal with increased ultraviolet light exposure, desiccation, and less accessible nutrients. Rich et al. show how mutualist fungi may have helped these nascent plant lineages with adaptation to their newly challenging environment (see the Perspective by Bouwmeester). Genetic and metabolic analysis of a liverwort as a representative of such plants suggests that the mutually beneficial exchange of nutrients with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may have been a feature of these most early land plants. Science , abg0929, this issue p. 864 ; see also abi8016, p. 789
Published: 2020

4. A single-cell RNA-sequencing training and analysis suite using the Galaxy framework

Author: Rolf Backofen, Nicola Soranzo, Dave Clements, Jelle Scholtalbers, Christophe Antoniewski, Graham J Etherington, James Taylor, Léa Bellenger, Stefan Mautner, Hans Rudolf Hotz, Anton Nekrutenko, Irene Papatheodorou, Mohammad Heydarian, Bérénice Batut, Daniel Blankenberg, Alexander Ostrovsky, Björn Grüning, Jonathan R. Manning, Mehmet Tekman, Ni Huang, Maria A. Doyle, Pablo Moreno, Fidel Ramirez, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Unité Mixte de Service Production et Analyse de données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé (PASS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bioinformatique [IBPS] (IBPS-Artbio), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Earlham Institute [Norwich], Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Novartis Research Foundation, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics - Basel, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-University of Basel (Unibas), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre [Melbourne, Australie], University of Melbourne, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Hinxton, UK], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Lerner Research Institute [Cleveland, OH, USA], Antoniewski, Christophe, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Basel (Unibas)-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), and Cleveland Clinic
Subjects: AcademicSubjects/SCI02254, Interoperability, Health Informatics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Software, Technical Note, Preprocessor, Cluster analysis, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], training, business.industry, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Suite, Computational Biology, high-performance computing, single-cell, File format, Supercomputer, Data science, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Web, Computer Science Applications, Galaxy, Workflow, 10x, RNA, AcademicSubjects/SCI00960, business, resources, scRNA, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BackgroundThe vast ecosystem of single-cell RNA-sequencing tools has until recently been plagued by an excess of diverging analysis strategies, inconsistent file formats, and compatibility issues between different software suites. The uptake of 10x Genomics datasets has begun to calm this diversity, and the bioinformatics community leans once more towards the large computing requirements and the statistically driven methods needed to process and understand these ever-growing datasets.ResultsHere we outline several Galaxy workflows and learning resources for single-cell RNA-sequencing, with the aim of providing a comprehensive analysis environment paired with a thorough user learning experience that bridges the knowledge gap between the computational methods and the underlying cell biology. The Galaxy reproducible bioinformatics framework provides tools, workflows, and trainings that not only enable users to perform 1-click 10x preprocessing but also empower them to demultiplex raw sequencing from custom tagged and full-length sequencing protocols. The downstream analysis supports a range of high-quality interoperable suites separated into common stages of analysis: inspection, filtering, normalization, confounder removal, and clustering. The teaching resources cover concepts from computer science to cell biology. Access to all resources is provided at the singlecell.usegalaxy.eu portal.ConclusionsThe reproducible and training-oriented Galaxy framework provides a sustainable high-performance computing environment for users to run flexible analyses on both 10x and alternative platforms. The tutorials from the Galaxy Training Network along with the frequent training workshops hosted by the Galaxy community provide a means for users to learn, publish, and teach single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis.
Published: 2020

5. Role of the unique, non-essential phosphatidylglycerol::prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt) in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Author: Christiane Dietrich, Laila Sago, David Cornu, Célia de Sousa d’Auria, Niloofar Mohiman, Muriel Masi, Mohamed Chami, Cécile Labarre, Christophe Salmeron, Manuela Argentini, Nicolas Bayan, Christine Houssin, Nathalie Dautin, Laboratoire de biologie physico-chimique des protéines membranaires (LBPC-PM (UMR_7099)), Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Vision, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biologie Moléculaire des Corynébactéries et Mycobactéries (CORYNE), Département Microbiologie (Dpt Microbio), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SICaPS (SICaPS), Département Plateforme (PF I2BC), Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum [Basel, Suisse], University of Basel (Unibas)-University of Basel (Unibas), Enveloppes Bactériennes et Antibiotiques (ENVBAC), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dautin, Nathalie, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Phosphatidylglycerol, Signal peptide, 0303 health sciences, Glycosylation, cell envelope, 030306 microbiology, phosphatidylglycerol::prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Signal peptidase II, Translocon, Microbiology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Corynebacterium glutamicum, lipoproteins, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Secretory protein, chemistry, Biochemistry, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Cell envelope, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Bacterial lipoproteins are secreted proteins that are post-translationally lipidated. Following synthesis, preprolipoproteins are transported through the cytoplasmic membrane via the Sec or Tat translocon. As they exit the transport machinery, they are recognized by a phosphatidylglycerol::prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt), which converts them to prolipoproteins by adding a diacylglyceryl group to the sulfhydryl side chain of the invariant Cys+1residue. Lipoprotein signal peptidase (LspA or signal peptidase II) subsequently cleaves the signal peptide, liberating the α-amino group of Cys+1, which can eventually be further modified. Here, we identified thelgtandlspAgenes fromCorynebacterium glutamicumand found that they are unique but not essential. We found that Lgt is necessary for the acylation and membrane anchoring of two model lipoproteins expressed in this species: MusE, aC. glutamicummaltose-binding lipoprotein, and LppX, aMycobacterium tuberculosislipoprotein. However, Lgt is not required for these proteins’ signal peptide cleavage, or for LppX glycosylation. Taken together, these data show that inC. glutamicumthe association of some lipoproteins with membranes through the covalent attachment of a lipid moiety is not essential for further post-translational modification.
Published: 2020

6. Cell and tissue manipulation with ultrashort infrared laser pulses in light-sheet microscopy

Author: de Medeiros, Gustavo, Kromm, Dimitri, Balazs, Balint, Norlin, Nils, Günther, Stefan, Izquierdo, Emiliano, Ronchi, Paolo, Komoto, Shinya, Krzic, Uros, Schwab, Yannick, Peri, Francesca, de Renzis, Stefano, Leptin, Maria, Rauzi, Matteo, Hufnagel, Lars, Bodescot, Myriam, Centres d'excellences - Réseau d'Innovation sur les Voies de Signalisation en Sciences de la Vie - - SIGNALIFE2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0028 - LABX - VALID, Etude sur les Propriétés Emergeantes à l'Echelle de l'Embryon Dirigeantes la Morphogène des Tissus - - SEPASEDTM2016 - ANR-16-TERC-0018 - TERC - VALID, European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research [Bâle, Suisse] (FMI), University of Basel (Unibas)-Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Faculty of Biosciences [Heidelberg, Allemagne], Heidelberg University, Luxendo GmbH [Heidelberg, Allemagne], Imaging Section [Onna, Okinawa, Japon], Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Institute of Molecular Life Sciences [Zurich, Suisse] (IMLS), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), This work was supported by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory and the EMBL International PhD Programme (G.M., D.K., B.B.). We thank E. Mottay and the laser company Amplitude Systemes for their continuous support and collaboration. We thank TOPTICA Photonics AG for their support. M.L. thanks EMBO and EMBL for support. G.M. acknowledges support from the EMBO ALTF 571-2018. N.N. acknowledges support from Vinnova, Åke Wiberg foundation and Magnus Bergvall foundation. M.R. acknowledges support from the French government through the UCAJEDI Investments in the Future project managed by the National Research Agency (ANR-15 IDEX-01), the 'Investments for the Future' LABEX SIGNALIFE (ANR-11-LABX-0028-01), the Tramplin ERC program from the National Research Agency (ANR-16-TERC-0018-01), the ATIP-Avenir grant from the CNRS and the Human Frontier Science Program (CDA00027/2017-C)., ANR-11-LABX-0028,SIGNALIFE,Réseau d'Innovation sur les Voies de Signalisation en Sciences de la Vie(2011), ANR-16-TERC-0018,SEPASEDTM,Etude sur les Propriétés Emergeantes à l'Echelle de l'Embryon Dirigeantes la Morphogène des Tissus(2016), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI (2016), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR)-University of Basel (Unibas), University of Zurich, and Rauzi, Matteo
Subjects: Laser material processing, Microscopy, 1000 Multidisciplinary, Multidisciplinary, Light-sheet microscopy, Infrared Rays, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Lasers, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Article, 10124 Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Drosophila melanogaster, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.BC.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Animals, 570 Life sciences, biology, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, Zebrafish, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Three-dimensional live imaging has become an indispensable technique in the fields of cell, developmental and neural biology. Precise spatio-temporal manipulation of biological entities is often required for a deeper functional understanding of the underlying biological process. Here we present a home-built integrated framework and optical design that combines three-dimensional light-sheet imaging over time with precise spatio-temporal optical manipulations induced by short infrared laser pulses. We demonstrate their potential for sub-cellular ablation of neurons and nuclei, tissue cauterization and optogenetics by using the Drosophila melanogaster and zebrafish model systems.
Published: 2020

7. Does the oxidative stress play a role in the associations between outdoor air pollution and persistent asthma in adults? Findings from the EGEA study

Author: Anaïs Havet, Bénédicte Jacquemin, Valérie Siroux, Raphaëlle Varraso, Nino Künzli, Nicole Le Moual, Bert Brunekreef, Margaux Sanchez, Rachel Nadif, Zhen Li, Régis Matran, Farid Zerimech, Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire [CHRU Lille] (Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Utrecht University [Utrecht], University Medical Center [Utrecht], Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Siroux, Valérie, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique [VIMA], IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine (IMPECS) - ULR 4483, Zhejiang University, Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] [ISGlobal], Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] [UGA [2016-2019]], and University of Basel [Unibas]
Subjects: Male, MESH: Asthma, Epidemiology, MESH: Air Pollutants, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, Persistent asthma, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Nitrogen oxides, Road traffic, Oxidative stress, Outdoor air pollution, Mediation analysis, Fluorescent oxidation products, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, Air Pollutants, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Oxidative Stress, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, MESH: Case-Control Studies, MESH: Young Adult, lcsh:Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene, Female, France, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Air Pollution, Adolescent, MESH: Environmental Exposure, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, lcsh:RC963-969, Environmental health, Air Pollution, medicine, Humans, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Asthma, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Research, MESH: Chronic Disease, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, MESH: Adult, Environmental Exposure, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: France, 030228 respiratory system, 13. Climate action, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, Chronic Disease, MESH: Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, Biomarkers, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: BackgroundEvidences that oxidative stress plays a role in the associations between outdoor air pollution and asthma are growing. We aimed to study the role of plasma fluorescent oxidation products levels (FlOPs; an oxidative stress-related biomarker), as potential mediators, in the associations between outdoor air pollution and persistent asthma.MethodsAnalyses were conducted in 204 adult asthmatics followed up in the French case-control and family study on asthma (EGEA; the Epidemiological study of the Genetic and Environmental factors of Asthma). Persistent asthma was defined as having current asthma at EGEA2 (baseline, 2003–2007) and EGEA3 (follow-up, 2011–2013). Exposures to nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, road traffic, particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and ≤ 2.5 μm were estimated by ESCAPE models (2009–2010), and ozone (O3) by IFEN models (2004). We used a mediation analysis to assess the mediated effect by FlOPs levels and the interaction between FlOPs levels and air pollution.ResultsFlOPs levels increased with PM10and O3(adjusted β = 0.04 (95%CI 0.001–0.08), aβ = 0.04 (95%CI 0.009–0.07) per 10 μg/m3, respectively), and the risk of persistent asthma increased with FlOPs levels (aOR = 1.81 (95%CI 1.08–3.02)). The risk of persistent asthma decreased with exposures to NO2, NOx and PM2.5(aOR ranging from 0.62 to 0.94), and increased with exposures to PM10, O3, O3-summerand road traffic, the greater effect being observed for O3(aOR = 1.78, 95% CI 0.73–4.37, per 10 μg/m3). Using mediation analysis, we observed a positive total effect (aOR = 2.16, 95%CI 0.70–11.9), a positive direct effect of O3on persistent asthma (OR = 1.68, 95%CI 0.57–7.25), and a positive indirect effect mediated by FIOPs levels (aOR = 1.28 (95%CI 1.01–2.29)) accounting for 41% of the total effect.ConclusionsOur results add insights on the role of oxidative stress in the association between air pollution and persistent asthma.
Published: 2019

8. Virus Detection by High-Throughput Sequencing of Small RNAs: Large-Scale Performance Testing of Sequence Analysis Strategies

Author: Massart, Sébastien, Chiumenti, Michela, De Jonghe, Kris, Glover, Rachel, Haegeman, Annelies, Koloniuk, Igor, Komínek, Petr, Kreuze, Jan, Kutnjak, Denis, Lotos, Leonidas, Maclot, François, Maliogka, Varvara, Maree, Hans J., Olivier, Thibaut, OLMOS, Antonio, PooggiN, Mikhail M., Reynard, Jean-Sébastien, Ruiz-Garcia, Ana B., Safarova, Dana, Schneeberger, Pierre H. H., Sela, Noa, Turco, Silvia, Vainio, Eeva J., Varallyay, Eva, Verdin, Eric, Westenberg, Marcel, Brostaux, Yves, Candresse, Thierry, Université de Liège, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Plant Sciences Unit, Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Fera Science Limited, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Crop research institute, International Potato Center [Lima] (CIP), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Life Sciences Department, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias - Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agraries - Valencian Institute for agricultural Research (IVIA), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Agroscope, Palacky University Olomouc, University of Basel (Unibas), Agricultural Research Organization, Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), National Agricultural Research and Innovation Center (NARIC), Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), European Project: 232250,EC:FP7:SME,FP7-SME-2008-1,DIVAS(2009), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)
Subjects: Double-Blind Method, Virology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Computational Biology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Reproducibility of Results, Techniques, Plant Diseases, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract: UMR BFP - Equipe Virologie; International audience; Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing (HTS), also called next-generation sequencing (NGS), technologies and bioinformatics have drastically changed research on viral pathogens and spurred growing interest in the field of virus diagnostics. However, the reliability of HTS-based virus detection protocols must be evaluated before adopting them for diagnostics. Many different bioinformatics algorithms aimed at detecting viruses in HTS data have been reported, but little attention has been paid so far to their sensitivity and reliability for diagnostic purposes. We therefore compared the ability of 21 plant virology laboratories, each employing a different bioinformatics pipeline, to detect 12 plant viruses through a double-blind large scale performance test ten datasets of 21-24 nt small (s)RNA sequences from three different infected plants. The sensitivity of virus detection ranged between 35 and 100% among participants, with a marked negative effect when sequence depth decreased. The false positive detection rate was very low and mainly related to the identification of host genome-integrated viral sequences or misinterpretation of the results. Reproducibility was high (91.6%). This work revealed the key influence of bioinformatics strategies for the sensitive detection of viruses in HTS sRNA datasets and, more specifically (i) the difficulty to detect viral agents when they are novel and/or their sRNA abundance is low, (ii) the influence of key parameters at both assembly and annotation steps, (iii) the importance of completeness of reference sequence databases and (iv) the significant level of scientific expertise needed when interpreting pipelines results. Overall, this work underlines key parameters and proposes recommendations for reliable sRNA-based detection of known and unknown viruses.
Published: 2019

9. No role for xylem embolism or carbohydrate shortage in temperate trees during the severe 2015 drought

Author: Guenter Hoch, Sylvain Delzon, Ansgar Kahmen, Lars Dietrich, Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Ecophysiology, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, Carbon starvation, Xylem, food and beverages, Economic shortage, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, Carbohydrate, medicine.disease, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Embolism, 13. Climate action, Botany, Temperate climate, medicine, Environmental science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; 1- Temperate forests are predicted to experience an increased frequency and intensity of climate change‐induced summer droughts and heat waves in the near future. Yet, while previous studies clearly showed a high drought sensitivity of different temperate tree species, the vulnerability of the physiological integrity of these trees remains unclear. 2- Here, we assessed the sensitivity of six temperate tree species to severe water limitation during three consecutive growing seasons, including the exceptional 2015 central European summer drought and heat wave. Specifically, we assessed stem increment growth, sap flow, water potentials, hydraulic vulnerability, and nonstructural carbohydrate contents in leaves and branches to determine how mature temperate trees responded to this exceptional weather event and how the observed responses relate to variation in xylem embolism and carbohydrate economy. 3- We found that the trees' predawn water potentials reached their minimum values during the 2015 summer drought and most species reduced their sap flow by up to 80%. Also, increment growth was strongly impaired with the onset of the drought in all species. Despite the strong responses in the trees' growth and water relations, all species exhibited minimum midday shoot water potentials well away from values associated with severe embolism (P50). In addition, we detected no distinct decrease in nonstructural carbohydrate contents in leaves, bark, and stems throughout the drought event. 4- Synthesis. This study shows that mature individuals of six common central European forest tree species strongly reacted to a severe summer drought by reducing their water consumption and stopping growth. We found, however, no indications for xylem embolism or carbohydrate depletion in these trees. This suggests, that xylem embolism formation and carbohydrate reserve depletion are not routine in temperate trees during seasonal strong drought and reveals a low vulnerability of the physiological integrity of temperate trees during drought events as we describe here.
Published: 2019

10. MISIS-2: A bioinformatics tool for in-depth analysis of small RNAs and representation of consensus master genome in viral quasispecies

Author: Patricia Otten, Mikhail M. Pooggin, Laurent Farinelli, Loïc Baerlocher, Jonathan Seguin, Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), and Fasteris SA
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Transposable element, Small RNA, 030106 microbiology, Piwi-interacting RNA, Genome, Viral, Viral quasispecies, Biology, Bioinformatics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome, Deep sequencing, Plant Viruses, 03 medical and health sciences, single nucleotide polymorphism, Virology, Consensus sequence, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, small RNA, Genetics, Computational Biology, 030104 developmental biology, consensus sequence, siRNA, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, bioinformatics tool, RNA, Small Untranslated, RNA, Viral, viral quasispecies, Software, Reference genome
Abstract: International audience; In most eukaryotes, small RNA (sRNA) molecules such as miRNAs, siRNAs and piRNAs regulate gene expression and repress transposons and viruses. AGO/PIWI family proteins sort functional sRNAs based on size, 5'-nucleotide and other sequence features. In plants and some animals, viral sRNAs are extremely diverse and cover the entire viral genome sequences, which allows for de novo reconstruction of a complete viral genome by deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of viral sRNAs. Previously, we have developed a tool MISIS to view and analyze sRNA maps of viruses and cellular genome regions which spawn multiple sRNAs. Here we describe a new release of MISIS, MISIS-2, which enables to determine and visualize a consensus sequence and count sRNAs of any chosen sizes and 5'-terminal nucleotide identities. Furthermore we demonstrate the utility of MISIS-2 for identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at each position of a reference sequence and reconstruction of a consensus master genome in evolving viral quasispecies. MISIS-2 is a Java standalone program. It is freely available along with the source code at the website http://www.fasteris.com/apps. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016

11. Field Trial and Molecular Characterization of RNAi-Transgenic Tomato Plants That Exhibit Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Geminivirus

Author: Danay Callard, Vivian Doreste, Natacha Carlos, Jonathan Seguin, Merardo Pujol, Thomas Hohn, María Elena Ochagavía, Nachelli Malpica-López, Rosabel Pérez, Mikhail M. Pooggin, Maria Rita Lecca, Alejandro Fuentes, Hubert Rehrauer, Laurent Farinelli, Yoslaine Ruiz, Yadira Sánchez, University of Zurich, Fuentes, Alejandro, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Fasteris SA, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), and Swiss National Science Foundation : 31003A_143882, 31003A_122469
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Transgene, Molecular Sequence Data, 610 Medicine & health, 10071 Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Genetically modified crops, Plant disease resistance, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Solanum lycopersicum, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, RNA interference, Plant virus, Botany, Gene silencing, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetically modified tomato, 1102 Agronomy and Crop Science, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, RNA, Small Interfering, Plant Diseases, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, fungi, food and beverages, 1314 Physiology, General Medicine, Plants, Genetically Modified, biology.organism_classification, Geminiviridae, 030104 developmental biology, 570 Life sciences, biology, RNA Interference, Transcriptome, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; RNA interference (RNAi) is a widely used approach to generate virus-resistant transgenic crops. However, issues of agricultural importance like the long-term durability of RNAi-mediated resistance under field conditions and the potential side effects provoked in the plant by the stable RNAi expression remain poorly investigated. Here, we performed field trials and molecular characterization studies of two homozygous trans genic tomato lines, with different selection markers, expressing an intron-hairpin RNA cognate to the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) Cl gene. The tested F6 and F4 progenies of the respective kanamycin- and basta-resistant plants exhibited unchanged field resistance to TYLCV and stably expressed the transgene-derived short interfering RNA (siRNAs) to represent 6 to 8% of the total plant small RNAs. This value outnumbered the average percentage of viral siRNAs in the nontransformed plants exposed to TYLCV-infested whiteflies. As a result of the RNAi transgene expression, a common set of up- and down regulated genes was revealed in the transcriptome profile of the plants selected from either of the two transgenic events. A previously unidentified geminivirus causing no symptoms of viral disease was detected in some of the transgenic plants. The novel virus acquired V1 and V2 genes from TYLCV and C1, C2, C3, and C4 genes from a distantly related geminivirus and, thereby, it could evade the repressive sequence-specific action of transgene-derived siRNAs. Our findings shed light on the mechanisms of siRNA-directed antiviral silencing in transgenic plants and highlight the applicability limitations of this technology as it may alter the transcriptional pattern of nontarget genes.
Published: 2016

12. Expression of major intrinsic protein genes in Sorghum bicolor roots under water deficit depends on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species

Author: Jennifer Krützmann, Thomas Boller, Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, Uwe Nehls, Sarah Symanczik, Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture - Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), Department of Environmental Sciences, Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) 127563 PZ00P3_136651University of Bremen division of Plant Health and Environment of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA)
Subjects: Rhizophagus irregularis, Crop health, quality, protection, Soil Science, Microbiology, Soil quality, Crop, Rhizophagus (fungus), [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, Botany, Colonization, Sorghum, 2. Zero hunger, Water transport, Drought, biology, Inoculation, Aquaporin, fungi, Major intrinsic proteins, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, biology.organism_classification, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Major intrinsic protein, Heterologous expression
Abstract: Drought is a limiting factor for crop plant production, especially in arid and semi-arid climates. In this study, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) was inoculated with two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, either the standard Rhizophagus irregularis or the desert-adapted Rhizophagus arabicus, and grown in experimental microcosms under well-watered or drought conditions. We investigated gene expression of selected major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) of sorghum in these mycorrhizal plants, compared to non-inoculated, well-watered sorghum (control). Colonization with R. irregularis induced the MIPs SbPIP2.2 and SbPIP2.5, regardless of whether sorghum plants were well watered or not. Root colonization with R. arabicus, however, caused an exclusive, strong reduction in the transcript levels of three MIP genes (SbTIP2.1, SbNIP1.2, SbNIP2.2) under drought conditions. We also studied water transport properties of mycorrhiza-regulated MIPs. One particular MIP, SbPIP2.8, was associated with high water permeability of roots. Expression of this gene was strongly repressed in all sorghum plants (mycorrhizal and non-inoculated) that experienced drought conditions.
Published: 2020

13. Interaction of polymers with amyloidogenic peptides

Author: Nardin , Corinne, Abraham , Jancy Nixon, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), University of Basel (Unibas), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux ( IPREM ), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] ( RUTGERS ), University of Basel ( Unibas ), and Université de Genève ( UNIGE )
Subjects: [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, polymer, amyloid, neurodegenerative diseases, self-assembly, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], protein, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; th this review, the aim was to gather recent representative publications which describe the interaction of polymers with amyloidogenic peptides/proteins. When functional, these take part in for instance bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. However, several of the peptides/proteins have been identified in various diseases. One of the current approaches to discover a cure against these relies on therapeutics which either prevent or accelerate peptide/protein aggregation and/or clear readily formed aggregates. Owing to the common interest of scientists from all disciplines to identify a cure against the diseases of public health concern, there are overwhelming numbers of publications dealing with these two approaches. Since amyloid aggregation could be regarded as a nucleated polymerization, which is an established mechanism of polymer self-assembly, we recently tackled the issue of amyloid aggregation using the theories and methods established in polymer science. In this review, we hence focus on gathering relevant and recent publications which describe the role of polymers in modulating the aggregation of amyloidogenic peptides/proteins
Published: 2018

14. 2017 publication guidelines for structural modelling of small-angle scattering data from biomolecules in solution: an update

Author: Wayne A. Hendrickson, Lois Pollack, Javier Pérez, Nigel Kirby, Greg L. Hura, Patrice Vachette, Torsten Schwede, Dominique Durand, Jill Trewhella, Ann H. Kwan, John D. Westbrook, Timothy M. Ryan, Dmitri I. Svergun, Andrej Sali, David A. Jacques, Dina Schneidman-Duhovny, Anthony P. Duff, John A. Tainer, J. Mitchell Guss, Masaaki Sugiyama, Andrew E. Whitten, Frank Gabel, School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, The University of Sydney [Sydney], Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Inst Biochim & Biophys Mol & Cellulaire, Unite Mixte Rech 8619, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Institut de biologie structurale ( IBS - UMR 5075 ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), University of Sydney, School od Medicinal Sciences, SWING beamline, Biophysics Group ( SWING ), Synchrotron SOLEIL, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California [San Francisco] ( UCSF ) -California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Biozentrum, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] ( RUTGERS ), The University of Sydney, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075 ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SWING beamline, Biophysics Group (SWING), Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California, Biozentrum [Basel, Suisse], University of Basel (Unibas), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Models, Molecular, Computer science, MESH : DNA, MESH: Editorial Policies, Biomolecular structure, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), small-angle scattering, MESH : Proteins, Data acquisition, X-Ray Diffraction, Structural Biology, MESH : RNA, MESH : Scattering, Small Angle, MESH: Animals, MESH: Proteins, Databases, Protein, integrative structural biology, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Scope (project management), MESH: DNA, MESH: X-Ray Diffraction, SAXS, Research Papers, 3. Good health, Sample quality, structural modelling, Small-angle scattering, MESH: Models, Molecular, Editorial Policies, MESH: Databases, Protein, MESH : Models, Molecular, 010402 general chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : X-Ray Diffraction, MESH: RNA, Scattering, Small Angle, Animals, Humans, publication guidelines, MESH : Databases, Protein, MESH: Scattering, Small Angle, MESH: Humans, Task force, SANS, MESH : Humans, biomolecular structure, Proteins, DNA, Data science, proteins, 0104 chemical sciences, 030104 developmental biology, MESH : Editorial Policies, Data presentation, hybrid structural modelling, RNA, MESH : Animals, [ SDV.BBM.BS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM]
Abstract: Updated guidelines are presented for publishing biomolecular small-angle scattering (SAS) experiments so that readers can independently assess the quality of the data and models presented. The focus is on solution scattering experiments with either X-rays (SAXS) or neutrons (SANS), where the primary goal is the generation and testing of three-dimensional models, particularly in the context of integrative/hybrid structural modelling., In 2012, preliminary guidelines were published addressing sample quality, data acquisition and reduction, presentation of scattering data and validation, and modelling for biomolecular small-angle scattering (SAS) experiments. Biomolecular SAS has since continued to grow and authors have increasingly adopted the preliminary guidelines. In parallel, integrative/hybrid determination of biomolecular structures is a rapidly growing field that is expanding the scope of structural biology. For SAS to contribute maximally to this field, it is essential to ensure open access to the information required for evaluation of the quality of SAS samples and data, as well as the validity of SAS-based structural models. To this end, the preliminary guidelines for data presentation in a publication are reviewed and updated, and the deposition of data and associated models in a public archive is recommended. These guidelines and recommendations have been prepared in consultation with the members of the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) Small-Angle Scattering and Journals Commissions, the Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) Small-Angle Scattering Validation Task Force and additional experts in the field.
Published: 2017

15. Algebraic models of the real affine plane

Author: Dubouloz, Adrien, Blanc, Jérémy, Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( IMB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mathematisches Institut, Universität Basel, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] (IMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), University of Basel (Unibas), and Dubouloz, Adrien
Subjects: birational diffeomorphism, affine complexification, Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry, 14R05, 14R25, 14E05, 14P25, 14J26, affine surface, [MATH.MATH-AG] Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], rational fibration, Real algebraic model, [MATH.MATH-AG]Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry, [ MATH.MATH-AG ] Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG]
Abstract: We introduce a new invariant, the real (logarithmic)-Kodaira dimension, that allows to distinguish smooth real algebraic surfaces up to birational diffeomorphism. As an application, we construct infinite families of smooth rational real algebraic surfaces with trivial homology groups, whose real loci are diffeomorphic to $\mathbb{R}^2$, but which are pairwise not birationally diffeomorphic. There are thus infinitely many non-trivial models of the real affine plane, contrary to the compact case.
Published: 2017

16. Bow-tie signaling in c-di-GMP: Machine learning in a simple biochemical network

Author: Lars E. P. Dietrich, Joao B. Xavier, Rayees Rahman, Kerry Boyle, Chinweike Okegbe, Wei-Gang Qiu, Raymond Liang, Maxime Deforet, Jinyuan Yan, Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Natural selection, Regulator, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, computer.software_genre, Computational biology, Cell Movement, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biology (General), Cyclic GMP, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Data Management, Ecology, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Bacterial Pathogens, Phylogenetics, Phenotype, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Medical Microbiology, Modeling and Simulation, Pathogens, Research Article, Signal Transduction, Pathogen Motility, Computer and Information Sciences, Evolutionary Processes, Virulence Factors, QH301-705.5, Analogy, Bow tie, Biology, Machine learning, Microbiology, Models, Biological, Biochemical network, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Pseudomonas, Genetics, Point Mutation, Evolutionary Systematics, Microbial Pathogens, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, Evolutionary Biology, Bacterial Evolution, Learning classifier system, Bacteria, business.industry, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Bacteriology, Cell movement, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Organismal Evolution, 030104 developmental biology, Biofilms, Microbial Evolution, Mutation, Artificial intelligence, Bacterial Biofilms, business, computer
Abstract: Bacteria of many species rely on a simple molecule, the intracellular secondary messenger c-di-GMP (Bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate), to make a vital choice: whether to stay in one place and form a biofilm, or to leave it in search of better conditions. The c-di-GMP network has a bow-tie shaped architecture that integrates many signals from the outside world—the input stimuli—into intracellular c-di-GMP levels that then regulate genes for biofilm formation or for swarming motility—the output phenotypes. How does the ‘uninformed’ process of evolution produce a network with the right input/output association and enable bacteria to make the right choice? Inspired by new data from 28 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and strains evolved in laboratory experiments we propose a mathematical model where the c-di-GMP network is analogous to a machine learning classifier. The analogy immediately suggests a mechanism for learning through evolution: adaptation though incremental changes in c-di-GMP network proteins acquires knowledge from past experiences and enables bacteria to use it to direct future behaviors. Our model clarifies the elusive function of the ubiquitous c-di-GMP network, a key regulator of bacterial social traits associated with virulence. More broadly, the link between evolution and machine learning can help explain how natural selection across fluctuating environments produces networks that enable living organisms to make sophisticated decisions., Author summary How does evolution shape living organisms that seem so well adapted that they could be intelligently designed? Here, we address this question by analyzing a simple biochemical network that directs social behavior in bacteria; we find that it works analogously to a machine learning algorithm that learns from data. Inspired by new experiments, we derive a model which shows that natural selection—by favoring biochemical networks that maximize fitness across a series of fluctuating environments—can be mathematically equivalent to training a machine learning model to solve a classification problem. Beyond bacteria, the formal link between evolution and learning opens new avenues for biology: machine learning is a fast-moving field and its many theoretical breakthroughs can answer long-standing questions in evolution.
Published: 2017

17. Cryo-EM analysis of homodimeric full-length LRRK2 and LRRK1 protein complexes

Author: Sejwal, Kushal, Chami, Mohamed, Rémigy, Hervé, Vancraenenbroeck, Renée, Sibran, William, Sütterlin, Rosmarie, Baumgartner, Paul, McLeod, Robert, Chartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine, Baekelandt, Veerle, Stahlberg, Henning, Taymans, Jean-Marc, Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics [Basel, Switzerland], Biozentrum [Basel, Suisse], University of Basel (Unibas)-University of Basel (Unibas), FEI company [Eindhoven, The Netherlands], Eindhoven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy [Leuven, Belgium], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Structural Biology [Rehovot, Israel], Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U1172 Inserm - U837 (JPArc), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Université de Lille, This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNFCRSII3_154461, 315230_146929, the NCCR TransCure), the FWO Vlaanderen, the researcher attraction program of the Nord Pas-de-Calais Region (currently Hauts de France Region, France, Individual fellowship to J.-M.T.). Tis project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 659183 (Marie Sklodowska-Curie individual fellowship to J.-M.T., projec RECOLOR)., Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 (JPArc), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, and Taymans, Jean-Marc
Subjects: Protein Folding, Science, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Detergents, Buffers, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2, Article, nervous system diseases, Solutions, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Protein Multimerization
Abstract: International audience; Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a large multidomain protein implicated in the pathogenesis of both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), and currently one of the most promising therapeutic targets for drug design in Parkinson's disease. In contrast, LRRK1, the closest homologue to LRRK2, does not play any role in PD. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and single particle analysis to gain structural insight into the full-length dimeric structures of LRRK2 and LRRK1. Differential scanning fluorimetry-based screening of purification buffers showed that elution of the purified LRRK2 protein in a high pH buffer is beneficial in obtaining high quality cryo-EM images. Next, analysis of the 3D maps generated from the cryo-EM data show 16 and 25 Å resolution structures of full length LRRK2 and LRRK1, respectively, revealing the overall shape of the dimers with twofold symmetric orientations of the protomers that is closely similar between the two proteins. These results suggest that dimerization mechanisms of both LRRKs are closely related and hence that specificities in functions of each LRRK are likely derived from LRRK2 and LRRK1's other biochemical functions. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide 3D structural insights in LRRK2 and LRRK1 dimers in parallel. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. It affects 1–2% of all people above the age of 65 1 and is at present incurable, although treatments are available to alleviate the symptoms. Genetic studies have identified several genes involved in PD pathogenesis. The leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is of particular importance, with mutations in the coding sequence being the most prevalent known causes of genetic PD and genomic variants at the LRRK2 locus being common risk factors for sporadic PD 2. In addition, LRRK2 appears to act upstream of several other PD genes and PD risk factors, such as alpha-synuclein, tau, cyclin G associated kinase (GAK) and RAB7L1 3, 4. The 144 kb-long LRRK2 gene encodes for the 2527 amino acids long, cytosolic enzyme LRRK2, which functions as a GTPase as well as a kinase. Most of the pathologically important mutations are clustered in the catalytic core of this protein, hinting that altered GTPase and kinase activities may play a crucial role in pathogenesis 5, 6. Targeting the LRRK2 signaling pathway is currently regarded as one of the most promising approaches in drug development for PD 7–10. LRRK2 is a member of the ROCO protein family 11. It contains several protein-protein interaction domains, including armadillo (ARM), ankyrin repeats (ANK), leucine-rich repeats (LRR), Ras Of Complex proteins GTPase (ROC), C-terminal Of ROC (COR), a kinase (KIN) and WD40 12 (Fig. 1). The multidomain protein is involved in several cellular functions, including autophagy and neurite outgrowth regulation, and is related to some mitochondrial diseases 13–15. Biochemical experiments suggest that the kinase and GTPase activities of LRRK2 are regulated by dimerization 16–19. Three other ROCO proteins have been identified in humans: Leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1), death-associated kinase 1 (DAPK1), and malignant fibrous histiocytoma amplified sequence 1 (MFASHI1). LRRK1 is the closest homologue of LRRK2. The domain organization is similar and, like LRRK2, LRRK1 is
Published: 2017

18. A multispecies approach reveals hot spots and cold spots of diversity and connectivity in invertebrate species with contrasting dispersal modes

Author: Bastien Mérigot, Anne Chenuil, Sophie Dubois, Jean-Baptiste Ledoux, Emilie Boissin, Abigail E. Cahill, Didier Aurelle, Alexandra Anh-Thu Weber, Zoheir Bouzaza, Emilie Egea, Olivier Chabrol, Aurélien De Jode, Romain David, CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis de Mostaganem, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMAR/CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), University of Basel (Unibas), Aix-Marseille Université, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis Mostaganem, European Commission, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae ( EBEA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement ( CRIOBE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL ( LabEX CORAIL ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université des Antilles et de la Guyane ( UAG ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Université de la Polynésie Française ( UPF ) -Université de Nouvelle Calédonie-Institut d'écologie et environnement, Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille ( I2M ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] ( ICM ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental ( CIMAR/CIIMAR ), Universidade do Porto [Porto], MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation ( UMR MARBEC ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Ouest] ), University of Basel ( Unibas ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Aquatic Organisms, Population, Biology, Population structure, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, Genetic diversity, Larvae, Mediterranean Sea, Genetics, Animals, 14. Life underwater, education, Species genetic diversity correlation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Invertebrate, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Geography, Ecology, Marine invertebrates, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Marine larval ecology, Genetic Variation, Species diversity, Biodiversity, Dispersal, 15. Life on land, Invertebrates, [ SDV.GEN.GPO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genetics, Population, 13. Climate action, Larva, Genetic structure, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Animal Distribution, human activities
Abstract: Cahill, Abigail E. ... et al.-- 15 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, supporting information https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.14389, data accessibility in GenBank (accession nos MG063882–MG064453), DataDryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dv4 mg, GitHub https://github.com/chaby/dana, Genetic diversity is crucial for species’ maintenance and persistence, yet is often overlooked in conservation studies. Species diversity is more often reported due to practical constraints, but it is unknown if these measures of diversity are correlated. In marine invertebrates, adults are often sessile or sedentary and populations exchange genes via dispersal of gametes and larvae. Species with a larval period are expected to have more connected populations than those without larval dispersal. We assessed the relationship between measures of species and genetic diversity, and between dispersal ability and connectivity. We compiled data on genetic patterns and life history traits in nine species across five phyla. Sampling sites spanned 600 km in the northwest Mediterranean Sea and focused on a 50-km area near Marseilles, France. Comparative population genetic approaches yielded three main results. (i) Species without larvae showed higher levels of genetic structure than species with free-living larvae, but the role of larval type (lecithotrophic or planktotrophic) was negligible. (ii) A narrow area around Marseilles, subject to offshore advection, limited genetic connectivity in most species. (iii) We identified sites with significant positive contributions to overall genetic diversity across all species, corresponding with areas near low human population densities. In contrast, high levels of human activity corresponded with a negative contribution to overall genetic diversity. Genetic diversity within species was positively and significantly linearly related to local species diversity. Our study suggests that local contribution to overall genetic diversity should be taken into account for future conservation strategies, Funding was provided by DEVOTES (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status), funded by the European Union under the 7th FRAMEWORK Programme, “The Ocean of Tomorrow” (grant agreement no. 308392), www.devotes-project.eu, and by La Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie de l’Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria (ZB) and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; FCT; Postdoctoral grant SFRH/BPD/74400/2010; JBL). This work is a contribution to Labex OT-Med (n° ANR-11-LABX-0061) and has received funding from Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University - A*MIDEX, a French “Investissements d’Avenir” programme”
Published: 2017

19. Transcriptome analysis of the Populus trichocarpa–Rhizophagus irregularis Mycorrhizal Symbiosis : Regulation of Plant and Fungal Transportomes under Nitrogen Starvation

Author: Calabrese , Silvia, Kohler , Annegret, Niehl , Annette, Veneault-Fourrey , Claire, Boller , Thomas, Courty , Pierre-Emmanuel, Department of Environmental Sciences [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Swiss National Science Foundation PZ00P3_136651, 127563, ANR TRANSMUT ANR-10-BLAN-1604-0, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, Genomic Science Program [project 'Plant-Microbe Interactions'], US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research DE6 AC05-00OR22725, Department of Environmental Sciences, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Dept Environm Sci, Zurich Basel Plant Sci Ctr, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes ( IAM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC )
Subjects: azote, PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER, MICROBE INTERACTIONS, AMMONIUM TRANSPORTERS, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], black cottonwood, arbuscule, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], organ transplantation, ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA, racine fine, food shortage, MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA, SULFUR STARVATION, nitrogen, populus trichocarpa, symbiose mycorhizienne, PHOSPHORUS ACQUISITION, transport de nutriments, LOTUS-JAPONICUS, famine, GLOMUS-INTRARADICES, GENE-EXPRESSION, transplantation
Abstract: Nutrient transfer is a key feature of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis.Valuable mineral nutrients are transferred from the AM fungus to the plant, increasing its fitness and productivity, and, in exchange, the AM fungus receives carbohydrates as an energy source from the plant.Here, we analyzed the transcriptome of the Populus trichocarpa-Rhizophagus irregularis symbiosis using RNA-sequencing of non-mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal fine roots, with a focus on the effect of nitrogen (N) starvation. In R. irregularis, we identified 1,015 differentially expressed genes, whereby N starvation led to a general induction of gene expression. Genes of the functional classes of cell growth, membrane biogenesis and cell structural components were highly abundant. Interestingly, N starvation also led to a general induction of fungal transporters, indicating increased nutrient demand upon N starvation. In non-mycorrhizal P. trichocarpa roots, 1,341 genes were differentially expressed under N starvation. Among the 953 down-regulated genes in N starvation, most were involved in metabolic processes including amino acids, carbohydrate and inorganic ion transport, while the 342 up-regulated genes included many defense-related genes. Mycorrhization led to the up-regulation of 549 genes mainly involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and transport; only 24 genes were down-regulated.Mycorrhization specifically induced expression of three ammonium transporters and one phosphate transporter, independently of the N conditions, corroborating the hypothesis that these transporters are important for symbiotic nutrient exchange. In conclusion, our data establish a framework of gene expression in the two symbiotic partners under high-N and low-N conditions.
Published: 2017

20. Overview of progress in European medium sized tokamaks towards an integrated plasma-edge/wall solution

Author: Eich, T., Beurskens, M., Akers, R., De Masi, G., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Delogu, R. S., Dendy, R., Denner, P., Di Troia, C., Dimitrova, M., D’Inca, R., Dorić, V., Albanese, R., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Dudson, B., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Easy, L., Elmore, S., Erdös, B., Esposito, B., Aledda, R., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fanni, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Ferreira, J., Février, O., Ficker, O., Fietz, S., Figini, L., Alessi, E., Figueiredo, A., Fil, A., Fishpool, G., Fitzgerald, M., Fontana, M., Ford, O., Frassinetti, L., Fridström, R., Frigione, D., Fuchert, G., Allan, S., Fuchs, C., Furno Palumbo, M., Futatani, S., Gabellieri, L., Gałązka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Alves, D., Gao, Y., Garavaglia, S., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Lopez, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardarein, J.-L., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gauthier, E., Geelen, P., Ambrosino, R., Geiger, B., Ghendrih, P., Ghezzi, F., Giacomelli, L., Giannone, L., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Gleason González, C., Gobbin, M., Goodman, T. P., Amicucci, L., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Gruber, M., Gude, A., Guimarais, L., Guirlet, R., Gunn, J., Hacek, P., Hacquin, S., Anand, H., Ham, C., Happel, T., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hauer, V., Havlickova, E., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Henderson, S., Hennequin, P., Anastassiou, G., Heyn, M., Hnat, B., Hölzl, M., Hogeweij, D., Honoré, C., Hopf, C., Horáček, J., Hornung, G., Horváth, L., Huang, Z., Coda, S., Andrèbe, Y., Huber, A., Igitkhanov, J., Igochine, V., Imrisek, M., Innocente, P., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Angioni, C., Jakubowski, M., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Jeppe Miki Busk, O., Jessen, M., Joffrin, E., Jones, O., Jonsson, T., Apruzzese, G., Kallenbach, A., Kallinikos, N., Kálvin, S., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karpushov, A., Kasilov, S., Kasprowicz, G., Kendl, A., Kernbichler, W., Ariola, M., Kirk, A., Kjer, S., Klimek, I., Kocsis, G., Kogut, D., Komm, M., Korsholm, S. B., Koslowski, H. R., Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Arnichand, H., Kovarik, K., Krawczyk, N., Krbec, J., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kube, R., Kudlacek, O., Kurki-Suonio, T., Labit, B., Laggner, F. M., Arter, W., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Lalousis, P., Lauber, P., Lazányi, N., Lazaros, A., Le, H. B., Lebschy, A., Leddy, J., Lefévre, L., Baciero, A., Lehnen, M., Leipold, F., Lessig, A., Leyland, M., Li, L., Lipschultz, B., Liu, Y. Q., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Loewenhoff, T., Barnes, M., Lomanowski, B., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Lupelli, I., Lux, H., Madsen, J., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maggiora, R., Magnussen, M. L., Barrera, L., Mailloux, J., Maljaars, B., Malygin, A., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Maraschek, M., Marchand, B., Marconato, N., Marini, C., Marinucci, M., Behn, R., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marrelli, L., Martin, Y., Martin Solis, J. R., Martitsch, A., Mastrostefano, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G., Mavridis, M., Hakola, A., Bencze, A., Mayoral, M.-L., Mazon, D., McCarthy, P., McAdams, R., McArdle, G., McClements, K., McDermott, R., McMillan, B., Meisl, G., Bernardo, J., Merle, A., Meyer, O., Milanesio, D., Militello, F., Miron, I. G., Mitosinkova, K., Mlynar, J., Mlynek, A., Molina, D., Molina, P., Bernert, M., Monakhov, I., Morales, J., Moreau, D., Morel, P., Moret, J.-M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Müller, H. W., Nabais, F., Nardon, E., Bettini, P., Naulin, V., Nemes-Czopf, A., Nespoli, F., Neu, R., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nikolaeva, V., Nimb, S., Nocente, M., Nouailletas, R., Bilková, P., Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Ochoukov, R., Odstrčil, T., Olsen, J., Omotani, J., O’Mullane, M. G., Orain, F., Osterman, N., Bin, W., Paccagnella, R., Pamela, S., Pangione, L., Panjan, M., Papp, G., Papřok, R., Parail, V., Parra, F. I., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Birkenmeier, G., Pehkonen, S.-P., Pereira, A., Perelli Cippo, E., Pericoli Ridolfini, V., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petrzilka, V., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Pironti, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Pisano, F., Pisokas, T., Pitts, R., Ploumistakis, I., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poljak, D., Pölöskei, P., Popovic, Z., Pór, G., Blanchard, P., Porte, L., Potzel, S., Predebon, I., Preynas, M., Primc, G., Pucella, G., Puiatti, M. E., Pütterich, T., Rack, M., Ramogida, G., Blanken, T., Rapson, C., Rasmussen, J. Juul, Rasmussen, J., Rattá, G. A., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Réfy, D., Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reimold, F., Martin, P., Bluteau, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Resnik, M., Reux, C., Ripamonti, D., Rittich, D., Riva, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Rohde, V., Rosato, J., Bobkov, V., Ryter, F., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Samaddar, D., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, J., Sauter, O., Bogar, O., Scannell, R., Scheffer, M., Schneider, B., Schneider, P., Schneller, M., Schrittwieser, R., Schweinzer, J., Seidl, J., Sertoli, M., Šesnić, S., Böhm, P., Shabbir, A., Shalpegin, A., Shanahan, B., Sharapov, S., Sheikh, U., Sias, G., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Silva, A., Silva Fuglister, M., Bolzonella, T., Simpson, J., Snicker, A., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spizzo, G., Spolaore, M., Stange, T., Stejner Pedersen, M., Stepanov, I., Boncagni, L., Stober, J., Strand, P., Šušnjara, A., Suttrop, W., Szepesi, T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Tamain, P., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Botrugno, A., Teplukhina, A., Terranova, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Tolias, P., Tophøj, L., Treutterer, W., Trevisan, G. L., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Bottereau, C., Tudisco, O., Uccello, A., Urban, J., Valisa, M., Vallejos, P., Valovic, M., Van den Brand, H., Vanovac, B., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Bouquey, F., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Vignitchouk, L., Vijvers, W. A. J., Villone, F., Bourdelle, C., Viola, B., Vlahos, L., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondráček, P., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wang, N., Weiland, M., Weinzettl, V., Westerhof, E., Adamek, J., Brémond, S., Wiesenberger, M., Willensdorfer, M., Wischmeier, M., Wodniak, I., Wolfrum, E., Yadykin, D., Zagórski, R., Zammuto, I., Zanca, P., Zaplotnik, R., Brezinsek, S., Zestanakis, P., Zhang, W., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., Meyer, H., Schubert, M., Schneider, M., Wauters, T., Wagner, D., Testa, D., Brida, D., Tripsky, M., Liang, Yunfeng, Lyssoivan, A., Lang, P., Garcia, J., Hall, S., Decker, J., Kim, D., Brochard, F., Buchanan, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Cahyna, P., Calabrò, G., Camenen, Y., Agostini, M., Caniello, R., Cannas, B., Canton, A., Cardinali, A., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carvalho, P., Casali, L., Castaldo, C., Aguiam, D., Castejón, F., Castro, R., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chapman, I. T., Ahn, J., Chapman, S., Chernyshova, M., Choi, D., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Classen, I., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Aho-Mantila, L., Colas, L., Conway, G., Corre, Y., Costea, S., Crisanti, F., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., D’Arcangelo, O., De Angeli, M., European Commission, EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Max Planck Institut für Plasma Physik and Excellence Cluster, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), MilliLab, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czechia, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa (IST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFP-CNR), University of Napoli Parthenope, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy, ENEA-Frascati, Physics Division, National Technical University of Athens, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, European Southern Observatory (ESO), KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics (KFKI-RMKI), Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Institut fur Energie- und Klimaforschung---Plasmaphysik, 52425 Julich, Germany, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, University of Warwick [Coventry], Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland, FOM Institute DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, The Netherlands, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, ITER organization (ITER), Fakultet Elektrotehnike, Strojarstva i Brodogradnje, University of Split (FESB), J. Stefan Institute, York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom, Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, PO Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary, Fusion Plasma Physics, EES, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden, Earth Sciences Division, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Sevilla, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Laboratory for Plasma Physics Koninklijke Militaire School---Ecole Royale Militaire Renaissancelaan 30 Avenue de la Renaissance B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, Observatoire Royal de Belgique (ORB), Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Institut fur Angewandte Physik, Technische Universitat Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrase 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), ENEA/CREATE, DIEI, Universita di Cassino, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino (FR), Italy, University College Cork, Physics Department, National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (NIPNE), Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden, Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Capgènes, Institute of Plasma Physics, Association Euratom/IPP.CR (IPP PRAGUE), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Assoc. Euratom-ENEA-CREATE, Universita Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria [Reggio Calabria], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (UMCE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Universidade do Minho, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] (IPPLM), Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Associazone EURATOM ENEA sulla Fusione, EURATOM, Institut für Physik, University of Basel (Unibas), Ferdinand-Braun-Institut für Höchtstfrequenztechnik (FBH), Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique du cancer et des maladies neuropsychiatriques (GMFC), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology (LMVI), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Sygen International Plc, IEAP, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Universités-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space and Astrophysics [Coventry], Association interdépartementale pour la gestion du réseau automatique de surveillance de la pollution atmosphérique et d'alerte en région Ile-de-France, AIRPARIF, Institute of Plasma Physics, Association EURATOM (IPP PRAGUE), CEA Cadarache, Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Forschungszentrum Julich - Institut Energie & Klimaforsch, An-Institut für Qualitätssicherung in der operativen Medizin (gGmbH) an der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg (An-Institut), Laboratoire de Conception et d'Intégration des Systèmes (LCIS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ITER [St. Paul-lez-Durance], ITER, York Plasma Institute (YPI), University of York [York, UK], Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Association EURATOM-CEA (CEA/DSM/DRFC), Euratom/UKEAE Fusion Association (JET), UKEA, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Department of Radiology, St. James's Hospital, Department of Electronics, Politecnico di Torino [Torino] (Polito), Instituto Andaluz de Geofísica y Prevención de Desastres Sísmicos [Granada] (IAGPDS), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Etablissement français du sang [Besançon] (EFS), Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Universidade do Minho = University of Minho [Braga], Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FVB) (FVB), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik [Kiel] (IEAP), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Meyer, H., Eich, T., Beurskens, M., Coda, S., Hakola, A., Martin, P., Adamek, J., Agostini, M., Aguiam, D., Ahn, J., Aho-Mantila, L., Akers, R., Albanese, R., Aledda, R., Alessi, E., Allan, S., Alves, D., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Anand, H., Anastassiou, G., Andrèbe, Y., Angioni, C., Apruzzese, G., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arter, W., Baciero, A., Barnes, M., Barrera, L., Behn, R., Bencze, A., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Bettini, P., Bilková, P., Bin, W., Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J. P. S., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T., Bluteau, M., Bobkov, V., Bogar, O., Böhm, P., Bolzonella, T., Boncagni, L., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Bouquey, F., Bourdelle, C., Brémond, S., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brochard, F., Buchanan, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Cahyna, P., Calabrò, G., Camenen, Y., Caniello, R., Cannas, B., Canton, A., Cardinali, A., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carvalho, P., Casali, L., Castaldo, C., Castejón, F., Castro, R., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S., Chernyshova, M., Choi, D., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Classen, I., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Colas, L., Conway, G., Corre, Y., Costea, S., Crisanti, F., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., D’Arcangelo, O., De Angeli, M., De Masi, G., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Decker, J., Delogu, R. S., Dendy, R., Denner, P., Di Troia, C., Dimitrova, M., D’Inca, R., Dorić, V., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Dudson, B., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Easy, L., Elmore, S., Erdös, B., Esposito, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fanni, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Ferreira, J., Février, O., Ficker, O., Fietz, S., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Fil, A., Fishpool, G., Fitzgerald, M., Fontana, M., Ford, O., Frassinetti, L., Fridström, R., Frigione, D., Fuchert, G., Fuchs, C., Furno Palumbo, M., Futatani, S., Gabellieri, L., Gałązka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Gao, Y., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Lopez, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardarein, J. -L., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gauthier, E., Geelen, P., Geiger, B., Ghendrih, P., Ghezzi, F., Giacomelli, L., Giannone, L., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Gleason González, C., Gobbin, M., Goodman, T. P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Gruber, M., Gude, A., Guimarais, L., Guirlet, R., Gunn, J., Hacek, P., Hacquin, S., Hall, S., Ham, C., Happel, T., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hauer, V., Havlickova, E., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Henderson, S., Hennequin, P., Heyn, M., Hnat, B., Hölzl, M., Hogeweij, D., Honoré, C., Hopf, C., Horáček, J., Hornung, G., Horváth, L., Huang, Z., Huber, A., Igitkhanov, J., Igochine, V., Imrisek, M., Innocente, P., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jakubowski, M., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Jeppe Miki Busk, O., Jessen, M., Joffrin, E., Jones, O., Jonsson, T., Kallenbach, A., Kallinikos, N., Kálvin, S., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karpushov, A., Kasilov, S., Kasprowicz, G., Kendl, A., Kernbichler, W., Kim, D., Kirk, A., Kjer, S., Klimek, I., Kocsis, G., Kogut, D., Komm, M., Korsholm, S. B., Koslowski, H. R., Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Kovarik, K., Krawczyk, N., Krbec, J., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kube, R., Kudlacek, O., Kurki-Suonio, T., Labit, B., Laggner, F. M., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Lalousis, P., Lang, P., Lauber, P., Lazányi, N., Lazaros, A., Le, H. B., Lebschy, A., Leddy, J., Lefévre, L., Lehnen, M., Leipold, F., Lessig, A., Leyland, M., Li, L., Liang, Y., Lipschultz, B., Liu, Y. Q., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Loewenhoff, T., Lomanowski, B., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Lupelli, I., Lux, H., Lyssoivan, A., Madsen, J., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maggiora, R., Magnussen, M. L., Mailloux, J., Maljaars, B., Malygin, A., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Maraschek, M., Marchand, B., Marconato, N., Marini, C., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marrelli, L., Martin, Y., Martin Solis, J. R., Martitsch, A., Mastrostefano, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G., Mavridis, M., Mayoral, M. -L., Mazon, D., Mccarthy, P., Mcadams, R., Mcardle, G., Mcclements, K., Mcdermott, R., Mcmillan, B., Meisl, G., Merle, A., Meyer, O., Milanesio, D., Militello, F., Miron, I. G., Mitosinkova, K., Mlynar, J., Mlynek, A., Molina, D., Molina, P., Monakhov, I., Morales, J., Moreau, D., Morel, P., Moret, J. -M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Müller, H. W., Nabais, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nemes-Czopf, A., Nespoli, F., Neu, R., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nikolaeva, V., Nimb, S., Nocente, M., Nouailletas, R., Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Ochoukov, R., Odstrčil, T., Olsen, J., Omotani, J., O’Mullane, M. G., Orain, F., Osterman, N., Paccagnella, R., Pamela, S., Pangione, L., Panjan, M., Papp, G., Papřok, R., Parail, V., Parra, F. I., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pehkonen, S. -P., Pereira, A., Perelli Cippo, E., Pericoli Ridolfini, V., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petrzilka, V., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pisokas, T., Pitts, R., Ploumistakis, I., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poljak, D., Pölöskei, P., Popovic, Z., Pór, G., Porte, L., Potzel, S., Predebon, I., Preynas, M., Primc, G., Pucella, G., Puiatti, M. E., Pütterich, T., Rack, M., Ramogida, G., Rapson, C., Rasmussen, J. Juul, Rasmussen, J., Rattá, G. A., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Réfy, D., Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reimold, F., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Resnik, M., Reux, C., Ripamonti, D., Rittich, D., Riva, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Rohde, V., Rosato, J., Ryter, F., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Samaddar, D., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, J., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Scheffer, M., Schneider, M., Schneider, B., Schneider, P., Schneller, M., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Schweinzer, J., Seidl, J., Sertoli, M., Šesnić, S., Shabbir, A., Shalpegin, A., Shanahan, B., Sharapov, S., Sheikh, U., Sias, G., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Silva, A., Silva Fuglister, M., Simpson, J., Snicker, A., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spizzo, G., Spolaore, M., Stange, T., Stejner Pedersen, M., Stepanov, I., Stober, J., Strand, P., Šušnjara, A., Suttrop, W., Szepesi, T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Tamain, P., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Teplukhina, A., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Tolias, P., Tophøj, L., Treutterer, W., Trevisan, G. L., Tripsky, M., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Tudisco, O., Uccello, A., Urban, J., Valisa, M., Vallejos, P., Valovic, M., Van den Brand, H., Vanovac, B., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Vignitchouk, L., Vijvers, W. A. J., Villone, F., Viola, B., Vlahos, L., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondráček, P., Vu, N. M. T., Wagner, D., Walkden, N., Wang, N., Wauters, T., Weiland, M., Weinzettl, V., Westerhof, E., Wiesenberger, M., Willensdorfer, M., Wischmeier, M., Wodniak, I., Wolfrum, E., Yadykin, D., Zagórski, R., Zammuto, I., Zanca, P., Zaplotnik, R., Zestanakis, P., Zhang, W., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Meyer, H, Eich, T, Beurskens, M, Coda, S, Hakola, A, Martin, P, Adamek, J, Agostini, M, Aguiam, D, Ahn, J, Aho-Mantila, L, Akers, R, Albanese, R, Aledda, R, Alessi, E, Allan, S, Alves, D, Ambrosino, R, Amicucci, L, Anand, H, Anastassiou, G, Andrãbe, Y, Angioni, C, Apruzzese, G, Ariola, M, Arnichand, H, Arter, W, Baciero, A, Barnes, M, Barrera, L, Behn, R, Bencze, A, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Bettini, P, Bilkovã¡, P, Bin, W, Birkenmeier, G, Bizarro, J, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Bluteau, M, Bobkov, V, Bogar, O, Bã¶hm, P, Bolzonella, T, Boncagni, L, Botrugno, A, Bottereau, C, Bouquey, F, Bourdelle, C, Brã©mond, S, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brochard, F, Buchanan, J, Bufferand, H, Buratti, P, Cahyna, P, Calabrã², G, Camenen, Y, Caniello, R, Cannas, B, Canton, A, Cardinali, A, Carnevale, D, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carvalho, P, Casali, L, Castaldo, C, Castejã³n, F, Castro, R, Causa, F, Cavazzana, R, Cavedon, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chapman, I, Chapman, S, Chernyshova, M, Choi, D, Cianfarani, C, Ciraolo, G, Citrin, J, Clairet, F, Classen, I, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Colas, L, Conway, G, Corre, Y, Costea, S, Crisanti, F, Cruz, N, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, D'Arcangelo, O, De Angeli, M, De Masi, G, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, Decker, J, Delogu, R, Dendy, R, Denner, P, Di Troia, C, Dimitrova, M, D'Inca, R, DoriÄ‡, V, Douai, D, Drenik, A, Dudson, B, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Easy, L, Elmore, S, Erdã¶s, B, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fanni, A, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Ferreira, J, Fã©vrier, O, Ficker, O, Fietz, S, Figini, L, Figueiredo, A, Fil, A, Fishpool, G, Fitzgerald, M, Fontana, M, Ford, O, Frassinetti, L, Fridstrã¶m, R, Frigione, D, Fuchert, G, Fuchs, C, Furno Palumbo, M, Futatani, S, Gabellieri, L, GaÅ‚azka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Gallo, A, Galperti, C, Gao, Y, Garavaglia, S, Garcia, J, Garcia-Carrasco, A, Garcia-Lopez, J, Garcia-Munoz, M, Gardarein, J, Garzotti, L, Gaspar, J, Gauthier, E, Geelen, P, Geiger, B, Ghendrih, P, Ghezzi, F, Giacomelli, L, Giannone, L, Giovannozzi, E, Giroud, C, Gleason GonzÃ¡lez, C, Gobbin, M, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gospodarczyk, M, Granucci, G, Gruber, M, Gude, A, Guimarais, L, Guirlet, R, Gunn, J, Hacek, P, Hacquin, S, Hall, S, Ham, C, Happel, T, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hauer, V, Havlickova, E, Hellsten, T, Helou, W, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Heyn, M, Hnat, B, Hã¶lzl, M, Hogeweij, D, Honorã©, C, Hopf, C, Horã¡ä ek, J, Hornung, G, Horvã¡th, L, Huang, Z, Huber, A, Igitkhanov, J, Igochine, V, Imrisek, M, Innocente, P, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Isliker, H, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacobsen, A, Jacquet, P, Jakubowski, M, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Jeppe Miki Busk, O, Jessen, M, Joffrin, E, Jones, O, Jonsson, T, Kallenbach, A, Kallinikos, N, Kã¡lvin, S, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karpushov, A, Kasilov, S, Kasprowicz, G, Kendl, A, Kernbichler, W, Kim, D, Kirk, A, Kjer, S, Klimek, I, Kocsis, G, Kogut, D, Komm, M, Korsholm, S, Koslowski, H, Koubiti, M, Kovacic, J, Kovarik, K, Krawczyk, N, Krbec, J, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kube, R, Kudlacek, O, Kurki-Suonio, T, Labit, B, Laggner, F, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Lalousis, P, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Lazã¡nyi, N, Lazaros, A, Le, H, Lebschy, A, Leddy, J, Lefã©vre, L, Lehnen, M, Leipold, F, Lessig, A, Leyland, M, Li, L, Liang, Y, Lipschultz, B, Liu, Y, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Loewenhoff, T, Lomanowski, B, Loschiavo, V, Lunt, T, Lupelli, I, Lux, H, Lyssoivan, A, Madsen, J, Maget, P, Maggi, C, Maggiora, R, Magnussen, M, Mailloux, J, Maljaars, B, Malygin, A, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Maraschek, M, Marchand, B, Marconato, N, Marini, C, Marinucci, M, Markovic, T, Marocco, D, Marrelli, L, Martin, Y, Martin Solis, J, Martitsch, A, Mastrostefano, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Mavridis, M, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcadams, R, Mcardle, G, Mcclements, K, Mcdermott, R, Mcmillan, B, Meisl, G, Merle, A, Meyer, O, Milanesio, D, Militello, F, Miron, I, Mitosinkova, K, Mlynar, J, Mlynek, A, Molina, D, Molina, P, Monakhov, I, Morales, J, Moreau, D, Morel, P, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Mã¼ller, H, Nabais, F, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nemes-Czopf, A, Nespoli, F, Neu, R, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nikolaeva, V, Nimb, S, Nocente, M, Nouailletas, R, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Oberparleiter, M, Ochoukov, R, Odsträ il, T, Olsen, J, Omotani, J, O'Mullane, M, Orain, F, Osterman, N, Paccagnella, R, Pamela, S, Pangione, L, Panjan, M, Papp, G, PapÅ™ok, R, Parail, V, Parra, F, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pehkonen, S, Pereira, A, Perelli Cippo, E, Pericoli Ridolfini, V, Peterka, M, Petersson, P, Petrzilka, V, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Pironti, A, Pisano, F, Pisokas, T, Pitts, R, Ploumistakis, I, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poljak, D, Pã¶lã¶skei, P, Popovic, Z, Pã³r, G, Porte, L, Potzel, S, Predebon, I, Preynas, M, Primc, G, Pucella, G, Puiatti, M, Pã¼tterich, T, Rack, M, Ramogida, G, Rapson, C, Rasmussen, J, Rattã¡, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ravera, G, Rã©fy, D, Reich, M, Reimerdes, H, Reimold, F, Reinke, M, Reiser, D, Resnik, M, Reux, C, Ripamonti, D, Rittich, D, Riva, G, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Rohde, V, Rosato, J, Ryter, F, Saarelma, S, Sabot, R, Saint-Laurent, F, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Samaddar, D, Sanchis-Sanchez, L, Santos, J, Sauter, O, Scannell, R, Scheffer, M, Schneider, M, Schneider, B, Schneider, P, Schneller, M, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schweinzer, J, Seidl, J, Sertoli, M, Å&nbsp, esniÄ‡, S, Shabbir, A, Shalpegin, A, Shanahan, B, Sharapov, S, Sheikh, U, Sias, G, Sieglin, B, Silva, C, Silva, A, Silva Fuglister, M, Simpson, J, Snicker, A, Sommariva, C, Sozzi, C, Spagnolo, S, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Stange, T, Stejner Pedersen, M, Stepanov, I, Stober, J, Strand, P, uÅ¡njara, A, Suttrop, W, Szepesi, T, Tã¡l, B, Tala, T, Tamain, P, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Teplukhina, A, Terranova, D, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thornton, A, Tolias, P, Tophj, L, Treutterer, W, Trevisan, G, Tripsky, M, Tsironis, C, Tsui, C, Tudisco, O, Uccello, A, Urban, J, Valisa, M, Vallejos, P, Valovic, M, Van Den Brand, H, Vanovac, B, Varoutis, S, Vartanian, S, Vega, J, Verdoolaege, G, Verhaegh, K, Vermare, L, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Vignitchouk, L, Vijvers, W, Villone, F, Viola, B, Vlahos, L, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vondrã¡ä ek, P, Vu, N, Wagner, D, Walkden, N, Wang, N, Wauters, T, Weiland, M, Weinzettl, V, Westerhof, E, Wiesenberger, M, Willensdorfer, M, Wischmeier, M, Wodniak, I, Wolfrum, E, Yadykin, D, Zagã³rski, R, Zammuto, I, Zanca, P, Zaplotnik, R, Zestanakis, P, Zhang, W, Zoletnik, S, Zuin, M, Institut Charles Sadron ( ICS ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] ( IPP ), Culham Science Centre, Institute of Plasma Physics, Association Euratom/IPP.CR ( IPP PRAGUE ), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ( VTT ), Univ. Mediterranea RC, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación ( UMCE ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics ( IEK-4 ), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet ( LLR ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques ( ISIC ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] ( IPPLM ), Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] ( IPFN ), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa ( IST ), University of Basel ( Unibas ), Ferdinand-Braun-Institut für Höchtstfrequenztechnik ( FBH ), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes ( IBMP ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Génétique du cancer et des maladies neuropsychiatriques ( GMFC ), Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University ( Department of Physics, Stockholm University ), Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Département Recherches Subatomiques ( DRS-IPHC ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology ( LMVI ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Pasteur de Shanghai - Académie des Sciences de Chine, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel ( CAU ), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas ( LPP ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Observatoire de Paris-École polytechnique ( X ) -Sorbonne Universités-PSL Research University ( PSL ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Space and Astrophysics, Institute of Plasma Physics, Association EURATOM ( IPP PRAGUE ), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LCIS, York Plasma Institute ( YPI ), University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], Association EURATOM-CEA ( CEA/DSM/DRFC ), Euratom/UKEAE Fusion Association ( JET ), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), Politecnico di Torino [Torino] ( Polito ), Instituto Andaluz de Geofísica, Universidad de Granada, Université du Québec, Etablissement français du sang [Besançon] ( EFS ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), D'Arcangelo, O., Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, National Research Council of Italy, Czech Academy of Sciences, Instituto Superior Tecnico Lisboa, CEA, University of Naples Federico II, University of Cagliari, University of Naples Parthenope, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, National Technical University of Athens, CIEMAT, University of Oxford, EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, University of Strathclyde, Jülich Research Centre, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Uppsala University, University of Warwick, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, University of Innsbruck, University of Split, University of York, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, University of Seville, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, University of Milan - Bicocca, Université Paris-Sud, Graz University of Technology, Royal Military Academy, Ghent University, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, University of Helsinki, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Université Grenoble Alpes, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Durham University, Polytechnic University of Turin, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, University College Cork, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, Andrãbe, Y., Bilkovã¡, P., Bã¶hm, P., Brã©mond, S., Calabrã², G., Castejã³n, F., D'Inca, R., Doriä , V., Erdã¶s, B., Fã©vrier, O., Fridstrã¶m, R., Gaå azka, K., Gardarein, J. -. L., Gleason GonzÃ¡lez, C., Hã¶lzl, M., Honorã©, C., Horã¡ä ek, J., Horvã¡th, L., Kã¡lvin, S., Lazã¡nyi, N., Lefã©vre, L., Mayoral, M. -. L., Moret, J. -. M., Mã¼ller, H. W., Odsträ il, T., O'Mullane, M. G., Papå ok, R., Pehkonen, S. -. P., Pã¶lã¶skei, P., Pã³r, G., Pã¼tterich, T., Rattã¡, G. A., Rã©fy, D., Å esniä , S., Å uå¡njara, A., Tã¡l, B., Tophj, L., Van Den Brand, H., Vondrã¡ä ek, P., Zagã³rski, R., and Department of Physics
Subjects: Tokamak, Asdex upgrade, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, heat loads, Divertor, ASDEX Upgrade, ASDEX upgrade, law, Fusió nuclear, Magnetoplasma, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, Plasma turbulence, alternative divertor concept, Condensed Matter Physics, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, edge localised mode, Thermal load, edge localised modes, Localised, TCV, [ SPI.PLASMA ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, PARTICLE, divertor, MAST, alternative divertor concepts, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Plasma (Gasos ionitzats), 114 Physical sciences, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Fusion reactor divertors, Settore ING-INF/04 - Automatica, [ SPI.AUTO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 0103 physical sciences, heat load, ddc:530, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Plasma (Ionized gases), Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], business.industry, Mast, Física, Nuclear energy, Plasma, SCRAPE-OFF LAYER, Plasma edge, Alternative divertor concepts, DENSITY, Sols, Nuclear fusion, Energia nuclear, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Integrating the plasma core performance with an edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) that leads to tolerable heat and particle loads on the wall is a major challenge. The new European medium size tokamak task force (EU-MST) coordinates research on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), MAST and TCV. This multi-machine approach within EU-MST, covering a wide parameter range, is instrumental to progress in the field, as ITER and DEMO core/pedestal and SOL parameters are not achievable simultaneously in present day devices. A two prong approach is adopted. On the one hand, scenarios with tolerable transient heat and particle loads, including active edge localised mode (ELM) control are developed. On the other hand, divertor solutions including advanced magnetic configurations are studied. Considerable progress has been made on both approaches, in particular in the fields of: ELM control with resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP), small ELM regimes, detachment onset and control, as well as filamentary scrape-off-layer transport. For example full ELM suppression has now been achieved on AUG at low collisionality with n = 2 RMP maintaining good confinement HH(98,y2)≈0.95. Advances have been made with respect to detachment onset and control. Studies in advanced divertor configurations (Snowflake, Super-X and X-point target divertor) shed new light on SOL physics. Cross field filamentary transport has been characterised in a wide parameter regime on AUG, MAST and TCV progressing the theoretical and experimental understanding crucial for predicting first wall loads in ITER and DEMO. Conditions in the SOL also play a crucial role for ELM stability and access to small ELM regimes. Integrating the plasma core performance with an edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) that leads to tolerable heat and particle loads on the wall is a major challenge. The new European medium size tokamak task force (EU-MST) coordinates research on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), MAST and TCV. This multi-machine approach within EU-MST, covering a wide parameter range, is instrumental to progress in the field, as ITER and DEMO core/pedestal and SOL parameters are not achievable simultaneously in present day devices. A two prong approach is adopted. On the one hand, scenarios with tolerable transient heat and particle loads, including active edge localised mode (ELM) control are developed. On the other hand, divertor solutions including advanced magnetic configurations are studied. Considerable progress has been made on both approaches, in particular in the fields of: ELM control with resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP), small ELM regimes, detachment onset and control, as well as filamentary scrape-off-layer transport. For example full ELM suppression has now been achieved on AUG at low collisionality with n = 2 RMP maintaining good confinement H-H(98,H-y2) approximate to 0.95. Advances have been made with respect to detachment onset and control. Studies in advanced divertor configurations (Snowflake, Super-X and X-point target divertor) shed new light on SOL physics. Cross field filamentary transport has been characterised in a wide parameter regime on AUG, MAST and TCV progressing the theoretical and experimental understanding crucial for predicting first wall loads in ITER and DEMO. Conditions in the SOL also play a crucial role for ELM stability and access to small ELM regimes.
Published: 2017

21. Overview of the JET results in support to ITER

Author: Alfredo Pironti, J. Simpson-Hutchinson, Sean Conroy, J. Uljanovs, D. Middleton-Gear, G. Possnert, C. Angioni, R. McAdams, Nicholas Watkins, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, A. Garcia-Carrasco, K. Gałązka, D. Nodwell, Pasquale Gaudio, R.A. Pitts, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, Seppo Koivuranta, O. J. Kwon, C. Boyd, A. Boboc, M. Reinhart, Igor Lengar, Jarrod Leddy, Hiroyasu Utoh, J. H. Ahn, A. Stevens, J. Lönnroth, U. Kruezi, C. Guillemaut, N. Fonnesu, W. Studholme, Marek Rubel, P. Cahyna, O. McCormack, A. S. Jacobsen, D. Mazon, Gunta Kizane, N. Ashikawa, William Tang, J. Goff, F. Nespoli, Thomas Giegerich, G. Petravich, Angela Busse, Corneliu Porosnicu, M. Bigi, M. Wheatley, Christopher N. Bowman, J. Zacks, Ivan Calvo, U. Losada, H. Weisen, B. Bauvir, Stanislas Pamela, Sylvain Brémond, M.F. Stamp, Scott W. McIntosh, A. Rakha, S. Glöggler, V. Braic, C. Bottereau, S. Murphy, S. Knott, Luigi Fortuna, P. Bunting, N. Vora, S. D. Scott, A. Lazaros, R. Dejarnac, P. Buratti, H.R. Strauss, Gabriele Croci, M. Nocente, A. Hollingsworth, S. Reynolds, D. J. Wilson, D. D. Brown, T.C. Luce, S. Zoletnik, E. Nilsson, L. Laguardia, O. Marchuk, F.P. Orsitto, E. Cecil, V. Huber, J. B. Girardo, Stylianos Varoutis, M. D. Axton, Hyun-Tae Kim, E. Safi, Ch. Day, S. Arshad, J. Rzadkiewicz, P. Prior, A. Meigs, S. Esquembri, P. Gohil, K. Purahoo, Torbjörn Hellsten, N. Tipton, R. Guirlet, E. Joffrin, V. Aldred, Calin Besliu, M. Valentinuzzi, G. T. Jones, J. Edwards, Giuseppe Ambrosino, Laurent Marot, N. Lam, F. Crisanti, G. Verona Rinati, R. Marshal, Michael L. Brown, D. Frigione, D. Chandra, Michaele Freisinger, R. Olney, Jari Varje, S. Whetham, F. Parra Diaz, M. R. Hough, P. Dinca, F. Salzedas, A. Goodyear, R. Gowland, J. A. Wilson, J. Horacek, D. King, K. Flinders, I. R. Merrigan, M. Ghate, R. Michling, F. Saint-Laurent, G. Kocsis, D. Van Eester, C. Young, R. O. Dendy, A. Meakins, N. Pace, C. L. Hunter, D. Alegre, S. Foster, V. Riccardo, M. Bulman, C. Jeong, Marek Szawlowski, B. D. Whitehead, Vasily Kiptily, James Harrison, Hiroshi Tojo, G. T. A. Huijsmans, J. W. Coenen, X. Litaudon, Justin Williams, C. Hidalgo, S. Lesnoj, I.E. Day, A. W. Morris, R. Mooney, Yann Corre, S. Brezinsek, B. Gonçalves, M. Kresina, D. Coombs, F. Köchl, J. L. Gardarein, W. Davis, Aqsa Shabbir, Kanti M. Aggarwal, L. Colas, A. B. Kukushkin, Seppo Sipilä, Elisabeth Rachlew, Leena Aho-Mantila, O. G. Pompilian, E. Viezzer, Shane Cooper, Fabio Villone, P. Blanchard, Patrick Tamain, P. Camp, T. Szabolics, C. Luna, Kalle Heinola, H. G. Esser, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, Andrew West, Hajime Urano, Roberta Lima Gomes, J.P. Coad, Th. Pütterich, A. Sinha, S. Hollis, R. D. Wood, G. D. Ewart, F. S. Griph, T. Kobuchi, X. Lefebvre, S. Warder, A.J. Thornton, S. Peschanyi, B. Graham, Giuseppe Telesca, M. Kempenaars, J. Bernardo, M. Hughes, Eva Belonohy, S. Schmuck, Kai Nordlund, T. J. Smith, P. Hertout, K. D. Lawson, M. Brix, Matthew Sibbald, Grégoire Hornung, C. Tame, Matthew Carr, S. Wray, P. T. Doyle, A. Somers, Giuseppe Chitarin, D. C. Campling, Mitul Abhangi, I. Jepu, David A. Wood, J. Miettunen, A. Sopplesa, Raffaele Fresa, S. Saarelma, M. Bacharis, J. Pozzi, P. Vallejos Olivares, Teddy Craciunescu, Raffaele Albanese, S. Knipe, Jason P. Byrne, A. C. C. Sips, S. Hazel, V. Kazantzidis, G. Stankūnas, A. Kundu, J. Mailloux, C. Guerard, Pramit Dutta, J. E. Boom, Eduardo Alves, P. Grazier, Saskia Mordijck, V.S. Neverov, Kazuo Hoshino, A. P. Vadgama, P. D. Brennan, P. Innocente, Piergiorgio Sonato, M. Irishkin, M. Berry, D. W. Robson, Dieter Leichtle, Fabio Pisano, P. McCullen, T. M. Huddleston, Kensaku Kamiya, D. Pacella, Tommy Ahlgren, A. Kirschner, B. Magesh, A. Ash, J. Mlynář, C. Castaldo, C. Marchetto, D. L. Hillis, M. Incelli, B. Viola, R. J. Robins, E. Andersson Sundén, G. Ramogida, Matthew Reinke, Gerd Meisl, Yannis Kominis, R. Proudfoot, C. Noble, N. J. Conway, V. P. Lo Schiavo, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, Hugo Bufferand, C. H. A. Hogben, B. Evans, R. Sartori, H. Greuner, M. G. Dunne, K. Schöpf, M. I. K. Santala, E. Giovannozzi, A. E. Shevelev, C. Gil, P. Boulting, P. Sagar, A.E. Shumack, P. A. Coates, C. Ayres, R. Prakash, C. Giroud, M. Parsons, J. C. Giacalone, S. Meshchaninov, A. Peackoc, G. De Temmerman, A.C.A. Figueiredo, D. Gallart, P. Santa, Sergey Popovichev, Ivan Lupelli, M. Valovic, Thomas Johnson, Y. Martynova, M. Rack, Olivier Sauter, J. Garcia, P. Siren, I. Balboa, S. Lee, Hans Nordman, R. Roccella, M. Faitsch, Julien Hillairet, Patrick J. McCarthy, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, V. Coccorese, Ye. O. Kazakov, R. El-Jorf, C. Hamlyn-Harris, Matthias Weiszflog, C. F. Maggi, Panagiotis Tolias, N. C. Hawkes, E. Clark, Bruno Santos, B. Sieglin, R. Rodionov, Roch Kwiatkowski, P. Denner, C. Woodley, Hugh Summers, Francesco Pizzo, G. Pucella, D. Croft, F. Di Maio, M. Tomes, D. Molina, A. Fernades, L. Amicucci, Marco Cecconello, A. Bisoffi, Z. Ul-Abidin, J. Wilkinson, H. Maier, S. Rowe, M. Beckers, P.J. Knight, E. Pajuste, Choong-Seock Chang, K. Deakin, M. Enachescu, A. Cobalt, D. Tskhakaya Jun, Michela Gelfusa, Rémy Nouailletas, R. Ragona, N. Bonanomi, D. A. Homfray, K. Riddle, Yann Camenen, J. D. Thomas, R.P. Doerner, Timothy P. Robinson, Y. Miyoshi, Ph. Jacquet, H. T. Lambertz, D. Pulley, A. Bécoulet, E. Tholerus, O. Bogar, M. Peterka, R. Crowe, C. Sommariva, A. R. Talbot, N. K. Butler, N. Reid, R. Zagórski, Gerald Pintsuk, Juri Romazanov, Andre Neto, G. L. Ravera, Paolo Arena, A. Manning, F. Durodié, Maryna Chernyshova, D. Karkinsky, Štefan Matejčík, J. P. Thomas, A. Wilson, L. Joita, R. Naish, P. Strand, M. Balden, M. Kaufman, T. Powell, V. Schmidt, D. Barnes, José Vicente, S. Doswon, Daniel F. Valcarcel, Claudia Corradino, R. Warren, Annette M. Hynes, J. D. Strachan, A. M. Messiaen, M. Kovari, O. Omolayo, D. M. Witts, R. C. Felton, C. Fleming, C. A. Marren, Patrick Maget, J. Galdon-Quiroga, H. R. Koslowski, Bruce Lipschultz, Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo Silva, J. Waterhouse, R. J. Dumont, M. Schneider, Sara Moradi, K. J. Nicholls, M. Beldishevski, Benedikt Geiger, A. Jardin, A. Ekedahl, A. Lyssoivan, C. Waldon, Davide Galassi, F. Jaulmes, A. Kirk, Yannick Marandet, F. Hasenbeck, Gabor Szepesi, R. C. Pereira, J. Juul Rasmussen, Nobuyuki Aiba, Michelle E. Walker, Gábor Cseh, Scott W. Mosher, R. Bastow, A. Di Siena, E. Lazzaro, M. Curuia, C. D. Challis, Z. Ghani, J. Deane, João M. C. Sousa, Henrik Sjöstrand, T. O'Gorman, H. R. Wilson, P. Devynck, M. Price, C. A. Thompson, Daniele Marocco, A. Cullen, M. Clark, M. Lennholm, D. Carralero, N. Balshaw, Roland Sabot, I. Stepanov, N. Petrella, Filippo Sartori, L. W. Packer, P. Thomas, M. Lungu, A. V. Krasilnikov, R. Young, Jonathan Graves, J. C. Hillesheim, Mǎdǎlina Vlad, Duccio Testa, Pierre Dumortier, Paulo Carvalho, M. Gosk, Yong-Su Na, M. Buckley, Carlos A. Silva, V. Fuchs, K. Vasava, P. A. Tigwell, B. Wakeling, M. Medland, M. Bellinger, K. Gal, Petter Ström, E. Veshchev, F. Nabais, A. Wynn, L. Lauro Taroni, B. Beckett, L. Gil, M. Towndrow, Brian Grierson, Harry M. Meyer, V. Philipps, A. de Castro, D. Kinna, D. Conka, Göran Ericsson, L. Piron, J. Hawkins, D. Cooper, Kenneth Hammond, V.V. Parail, Cristian Ruset, G.J. van Rooij, M. N. A. Beurskens, N. Fawlk, G. Evison, M. Van De Mortel, N. Marcenko, B. Slade, Th. Franke, Simone Peruzzo, N. den Harder, D. Baião, A. Martin de Aguilera, Frederic Imbeaux, Carlo Sozzi, J.L. de Pablos, J. Svensson, A. Withycombe, Ane Lasa, H. Sheikh, V.A. Yavorskij, Nick Walkden, E. Lerche, C. S. Gibson, Roberto Zanino, Y. Peysson, David Hatch, B. Bazylev, E. de la Cal, S. Hacquin, T. D. V. Haupt, S. A. Silburn, T.T.C. Jones, Maria Teresa Porfiri, Walid Helou, S. E. Sharapov, M. Zerbini, Ken W Bell, Marco Marinelli, Kyriakos Hizanidis, J. M. Fontdecaba, N. Teplova, K. K. Kirov, S. Vartanian, W. W. Pires de Sa, T. C. Hender, J. K. Blackburn, I. Monakhov, H. Patten, P. A. Simmons, Y. Austin, J. Regana, Stefano Coda, Amanda J. Page, D. Fuller, António J.N. Batista, A. Horton, P. Heesterman, S. Cramp, J. Hobirk, F. Clairet, A. Burckhart, M. Allinson, Larry R. Baylor, W. Leysen, D. B. Gin, P. Nielsen, A. Kantor, Yueqiang Liu, A.V. Stephen, Jose Ramon Martin-Solis, P. Mantica, B. C. Regan, Aleksander Drenik, A. Lukin, L. Thorne, G. Nemtsev, J. Denis, M. E. Graham, D. Rigamonti, W. Van Renterghem, M. Tardocchi, M. Koubiti, A. Malaquias, M. Tsalas, A. Cufar, Giuseppe Prestopino, D. Kogut, N. Pomaro, J. Keep, Jochen Linke, Shimpei Futatani, Boris Breizman, A. Sirinelli, M. Chandler, M. Fortune, F. Degli Agostini, I. Jenkins, T. Spelzini, G. Calabrò, O. N. Kent, A. Lunniss, Etienne Hodille, Z. Vizvary, Volker Naulin, T. Eich, F. Mink, A. Alkseev, P. W. Haydon, Massimo Angelone, Norberto Catarino, J. Lapins, Roberto Pasqualotto, R. Lawless, T. Schlummer, F. Bonelli, M. Wischmeier, Stéphane Devaux, G. Saibene, Dirk Reiser, Y. R. Martin, H. Bergsåker, Jon Godwin, Alessia Santucci, C. Lane, Justyna Grzonka, Ph. Mertens, Claudio Verona, David Moulton, E. Delabie, Anna Salmi, P. G. Smith, T. Bolzonella, Silvio Ceccuzzi, Ulrich Fischer, G. Liu, M. A. Henderson, M. Marinucci, T. Suzuki, Jakub Bielecki, João Figueiredo, M. Afzal, J. Cane, Robert Hager, Luciano Bertalot, M. Firdaouss, G. Tvalashvili, D. Hepple, D. Esteve, M. De Bock, Y. Baranov, R. D'Inca, G. De Tommasi, Ch. Linsmeier, T. Nicolas, I. J. Pearson, P. Finburg, Ireneusz Książek, S. Talebzadeh, A. Czarnecka, A. Botrugno, M. Gethins, Bohdan Bieg, R. Baughan, I. Borodkina, B. Kos, A. Muraro, T. Vasilopoulou, G. Hermon, S.J. Wukitch, Jari Likonen, D. P. Coster, Guglielmo Rubinacci, I. H. Coffey, Justine M. Kent, S. E. Dorling, J. Dankowski, Geert Verdoolaege, Daisuke Nishijima, R. Clarkson, E. R. Solano, M. Stephen, A. Lescinskis, P. Staniec, Karl Schmid, M. Mayer, Peter Lang, T. Franklin, M.I. Williams, C. G. Elsmore, F. Maviglia, C. Di Troia, C. Penot, A. Zarins, Pierre Manas, D. F. Gear, Yu Gao, Philipp Drews, E. Letellier, A. S. Thompson, L. Forsythe, I. Zychor, E. Khilkevich, A. Manzanares, T. Nakano, Paulo Rodrigues, J. Edmond, Sebastián Dormido-Canto, R. Dux, C. Appelbee, L. Moser, Angelo Cenedese, D. Fagan, N. Richardson, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Rohde, R. Paprok, João P. S. Bizarro, P. Aleynikov, M. Sertoli, Ł. Świderski, Simone Palazzo, O. W. Davies, D. Douai, N. Macdonald, M. Baruzzo, J. López-Razola, M. Lungaroni, D. Clatworthy, R. Bravanec, J. Lovell, Ambrogio Fasoli, S.-P. Pehkonen, M. E. Puiatti, P. Papp, G. Bodnar, V. Aslanyan, A. Weckmann, K. A. Taylor, R. Henriques, I. T. Chapman, Ewa Pawelec, Miles M. Turner, Steven J. Meitner, M. Bernert, Ph. Maquet, R. C. Meadows, A. Shaw, N. Vianello, L. Barrera Orte, Tomas Markovic, A. Fil, A. S. Couchman, Inessa Bolshakova, J. Fyvie, Konstantina Mergia, J. Gallagher, R.V. Budny, Frank Leipold, C. J. Rapson, R. C. Lobel, Gennady V. Miloshevsky, K.-D. Zastrow, Ph. Duckworth, Gianluca Rubino, G. Withenshaw, S. Maruyama, S. P. Hallworth Cook, M. Newman, Jérôme Bucalossi, P. Drewelow, Nuno Cruz, D. Iglesias, I. Nedzelski, T. Donne, P. Leichuer, R. Cesario, M. D. J. Bright, T. Boyce, N. Imazawa, Per Petersson, R. King, A. Loving, L. Garzotti, Jorge Ferreira, G. Corrigan, D. Sandiford, B. Tal, P. Puglia, Daniel Tegnered, J. Karhunen, James S. Wright, Tom Wauters, J. McKehon, K. Rathod, Olivier Février, Alessandro Formisano, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, Ricardo Magnus Osorio Galvao, F. Medina, S. Collins, H. J. Boyer, Elena Bruno, Horacio Fernandes, M. J. Stead, R. Paccagnella, J. Kaniewski, Ion E. Stamatelatos, F. Causa, M. F. F. Nave, A. Patel, D. C. McDonald, L. Moreira, Mariano Ruiz, K. Dylst, Raymond A. Shaw, A. Brett, Jane Johnston, P. P. Pereira Puglia, J. Ongena, N. A. Benterman, V. N. Amosov, Christian Grisolia, J. Simpson, C. Perez von Thun, Jan Weiland, P. Tonner, F. Belli, T. Odupitan, T. Dittmar, Edmund Highcock, Taina Kurki-Suonio, I. Uytdenhouwen, Estelle Gauthier, M. Oberkofler, B. Alper, Iris D. Young, S. Soare, Yuji Hatano, D. Reece, D. Borodin, M. Moneti, W. Yanling, S. Mianowski, K. Fenton, Stephen J. Bailey, R. Coelho, Sandra C. Chapman, E. Łaszyńska, A. R. Field, F.J. Martínez, Anders Nielsen, M. Smithies, M. J. Mantsinen, A. J. Capel, N. D. Smith, A. Pires dos Reis, M.-L. Mayoral, T. Loarer, P. Carman, N. Grazier, S. Breton, J. M. A. Bradshaw, Alexandre C. Pereira, Fulvio Auriemma, Fulvio Militello, Barbara Cannas, D. Ulyatt, A. Kappatou, P. Blatchford, R. Scannell, B. I. Oswuigwe, Darren Price, Robert E. Grove, D. Guard, M. Leyland, G. Stubbs, J. W. Banks, V.V. Plyusnin, M. S. J. Rainford, Andrea Murari, Sanjeev Ranjan, A. Huber, V. Krasilnikov, C. Bower, H. Leggate, S. Abduallev, P. Tsavalas, G. Giruzzi, K. Maczewa, Colin Roach, P. Beaumont, R. P. Johnson, Anna Widdowson, L. A. Kogan, A. Baron Wiechec, Markus Airila, J. Morris, Robert Skilton, Katarzyna Słabkowska, M. A. Barnard, Jean-Paul Booth, Alessandro Pau, R. Price, R. Bament, M. Tokitani, I. Turner, T. Vu, P. Huynh, S.N. Gerasimov, D. I. Refy, Yunfeng Liang, Anders Hjalmarsson, S. Dalley, Roberto Ambrosino, O. Hemming, T. R. Blackman, Y. Zhou, Vasile Zoita, P. Vincenzi, A. Loarte, C. Rayner, Martin Imrisek, M. Tripsky, C. Mazzotta, A. Uccello, V. Basiuk, Lide Yao, V. Goloborod'ko, S. Villari, B. P. Duval, N. Bulmer, W. Zhang, L. Hackett, D. N. Borba, M. Halitovs, Mario Pillon, H. Arnichand, Alberto Alfier, A. Lawson, A. Masiello, T. Makkonen, A. Vitins, D. Rendell, D. Paton, L. Avotina, A. Krivska, M. Maslov, Richard Verhoeven, Marc Goniche, A. Broslawski, Marica Rebai, E. de la Luna, E. Militello-Asp, V. Cocilovo, L. Carraro, Michael Fitzgerald, Bernardo B. Carvalho, D. Young, C.G. Lowry, F. J. Casson, L.-G. Eriksson, T. M. Biewer, B. Esposito, F.G. Rimini, J. Fessey, G. Kaveney, S. Hall, Robin Barnsley, Michael Lehnen, N. Bekris, L. F. Ruchko, P. Batistoni, E. Alessi, M. G. O'Mullane, D. S. Darrow, C. N. Grundy, N. Hayter, Ivo S. Carvalho, M. Brombin, Enrico Zilli, M. Valisa, M. Reich, S. Panja, C. Gurl, Charles Harrington, Emmanuele Peluso, M. Porton, Michael Walsh, D. Falie, A. Reed, Jacob Eriksson, P. Macheta, J. M. Faustin, S. Cortes, S. Fietz, P. Piovesan, D. Ciric, Eric Nardon, R. Neu, Bojiang Ding, G.A. Rattá, F. Reimold, R. Craven, M. Cox, J. Orszagh, Aaro Järvinen, A. S. Thrysøe, A. Shepherd, I. Ďuran, Andrew M. Edwards, A. Kinch, J. Beal, M. Gherendi, Martin Köppen, D. Samaddar, P. Dalgliesh, I. Vinyar, J. Jansons, Nengchao Wang, J. Wu, John Wright, S. Wiesen, C. King, Alessandra Fanni, L. D. Horton, N. Krawczyk, J. Buch, K. Krieger, Václav Petržílka, D. Schworer, C. Watts, T. Keenan, Andrea Malizia, B. D. Stevens, P. Trimble, C. P. Lungu, V. Prajapati, Marco Ariola, C. Wellstood, S. Gilligan, Mirko Salewski, Michael Barnes, Florin Spineanu, H. Doerk, C. Kennedy, S. Jachmich, J. Caumont, Isabel L. Nunes, A. Petre, A. Kallenbach, M. Anghel, B. Lomanowski, Marco Riva, M. Romanelli, G. De Masi, T. May-Smith, T. Xu, A. Goussarov, S. Romanelli, M. Okabayashi, A. Baker, R. Salmon, T. Tala, Nicolas Fedorczak, S. Lanthaler, Giuliana Sias, J. Risner, Clarisse Bourdelle, M. E. Manso, Fabio Moro, R. Lucock, M. Bassan, M. T. Ogawa, V. Thompson, A. M. Whitehead, S. D. A. Reyes Cortes, Igor Bykov, Gennady Sergienko, E. Stefanikova, Mattia Frasca, H. Dabirikhah, Lorenzo Frassinetti, N. Dzysiuk, D. L. Keeling, Juan Manuel López, M. Turnyanskiy, Daniel Dunai, David Taylor, Arturo Buscarino, Carolina Björkas, A. Baciero, S. Meigh, M. Garcia-Munoz, Massimiliano Mattei, M. Hill, Gwyndaf Evans, S. Minucci, Xiang Gao, A. V. Chankin, Francesco Romanelli, A. Lahtinen, L. Giacomelli, A. Owen, Jesús Vega, Jonathan Citrin, Antti Hakola, Petr Vondracek, Sehyun Kwak, P. Abreu, L. Meneses, S. S. Medley, G. Gervasini, Surya K. Pathak, Kristel Crombé, M. Cleverly, H.S. Kim, C. Stan-Sion, Nobuyuki Asakura, E. Wang, A. Cardinali, L. Fazendeiro, R. Cavazzana, P. J. Lomas, J. Hawes, G. Stables, Silvia Spagnolo, S. P. Hotchin, N. R. Green, Slawomir Jednorog, Ewa Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, A. Martin, Linwei Li, Rajnikant Makwana, Richard Goulding, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Bowden, I. Kodeli, Peter Hawkins, S. S. Henderson, Ondrej Ficker, Carl Hellesen, D. Yadikin, Fabio Subba, Luka Snoj, Anthony Laing, N. Ben Ayed, Mario Cavinato, M. Goodliffe, C. Clements, D. Kenny, Axel Klix, S. Gee, R. J. E. Smith, P. de Vries, L. Fittill, Min-Gu Yoo, S. Menmuir, K. Cave-Ayland, S. Potzel, D. Grist, K. Blackman, S. A. Robinson, Rodney Walker, David Pfefferlé, W. Broeckx, D. Harting, S. G. J. Tyrrell, F. Binda, L. Horvath, Davide Flammini, P. V. Edappala, Raul Moreno, G. M. D. Hogeweij, P. Card, A. Hagar, Ion Tiseanu, Rita Lorenzini, L. Appel, Jet Contributors, J. Flanagan, C. Paz Soldan, U. Samm, Otto Asunta, F. Eriksson, C. Taliercio, F. S. Zaitsev, G. F. Matthews, Tuomas Koskela, P. J. Howarth, D. Terranova, M. Skiba, Amanda Hubbard, R. Otin, K. G. McClements, M. Park, R. McKean, C. Christopher Klepper, I. Karnowska, Peter J. Pool, G. Ciraolo, Jennifer M. Lehmann, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides (IMFS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Association EURATOM-TEKES, Association EURATOM-TEKES, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Assoc. Euratom-ENEA-CREATE, Universita Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria [Reggio Calabria], EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear (ITN), ITN, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITER organization (ITER), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU), Institut d'ophtalmologie Hédi-Rais de Tunis, Service Cardiologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Assoc., Magnetic Sensor laboratory [Lviv] (MSL), National Polytechnic University of Lviv (LPNU), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute for Problems of Material Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie (3MI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I, Department of Hydraulics, Transportations and Roads, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department (MS 388), University of Nevada [Reno], AUTRES, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] (IPPLM), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] (ARC), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), School of Mathematics [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Associazone EURATOM ENEA sulla Fusione, EURATOM, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS (LPP ERM KMS), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik (PDI), Institut für Physik, University of Basel (Unibas), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] (DIFFER), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] (DIFFER), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA Cadarache, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom research and training programme 633053, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides ( IMFS ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ( VTT ), Univ. Mediterranea RC, Culham Science Centre, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear ( ITN ), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] ( IPP ), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, ITER Organization, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ( KIT ), Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique ( LNIO ), Institut Charles Delaunay ( ICD ), Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ( ICSN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU ), Service de cardiologie [Toulouse], Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, ITER [St. Paul-lez-Durance], ITER, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), MSL, Lviv Polytechnic National University ( MSL ), Lviv Polytechnic National University, Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion ( CERAG ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics ( IEK-4 ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ( NASU ), Lille - Economie et Management ( LEM ), Université catholique de Lille ( UCL ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie ( 3MI-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre G2I, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires ( LMGM ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Nevada, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] ( IPPLM ), UCL Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] ( ARC ), Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères], Cardiff School of Mathematics, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS ( LPP ERM KMS ), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School ( ERM KMS ), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] ( DIFFER ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] ( DIFFER ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano [Milan], Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres ( M2P2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, JET Contributors, Litaudon, X, Abduallev, S, Abhangi, M, Abreu, P, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, K, Ahlgren, T, Ahn, J, Aho Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Albanese, R, Aldred, V, Alegre, D, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Alfier, A, Alkseev, A, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amicucci, L, Amosov, V, Andersson SundÃ©n, E, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Angioni, C, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Arena, P, Ariola, M, Arnichand, H, Arshad, S, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Bacharis, M, Baciero, A, Baiã¡o, D, Bailey, S, Baker, A, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, N, Bament, R, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barnard, M, Barnes, D, Barnes, M, Barnsley, R, Baron Wiechec, A, Barrera Orte, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bassan, M, Bastow, R, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baughan, R, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beal, J, Beaumont, P, Beckers, M, Beckett, B, Becoulet, A, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, K, Belli, F, Bellinger, M, Belonohy, Ã, Ben Ayed, N, Benterman, N, Bergsã¥ker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Besliu, C, Beurskens, M, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Biewer, T, Bigi, M, Bãlkovã¡, P, Binda, F, Bisoffi, A, Bizarro, J, Bjã¶rkas, C, Blackburn, J, Blackman, K, Blackman, T, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bodnã¡r, G, Bogar, O, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonelli, F, Boom, J, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Botrugno, A, Bottereau, C, Boulting, P, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Bower, C, Bowman, C, Boyce, T, Boyd, C, Boyer, H, Bradshaw, J, Braic, V, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Bremond, S, Brennan, P, Breton, S, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Brix, M, Broeckx, W, Brombin, M, Broså‚awski, A, Brown, D, Brown, M, Bruno, E, Bucalossi, J, Buch, J, Buchanan, J, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Bufferand, H, Bulman, M, Bulmer, N, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butler, N, Bykov, I, Byrne, J, Cahyna, P, Calabrã², G, Calvo, I, Camenen, Y, Camp, P, Campling, D, Cane, J, Cannas, B, Capel, A, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, B, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catarino, N, Caumont, J, Causa, F, Cavazzana, R, Cave Ayland, K, Cavinato, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cecil, E, Cenedese, A, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chandler, M, Chandra, D, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Chapman, S, Chernyshova, M, Chitarin, G, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Citrin, J, Clairet, F, Clark, E, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clatworthy, D, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colas, L, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, D, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corre, Y, Corrigan, G, Cortes, S, Coster, D, Couchman, A, Cox, M, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Craven, R, Crisanti, F, Croci, G, Croft, D, Crombã©, K, Crowe, R, Cruz, N, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarnecka, A, Dabirikhah, H, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, Darrow, D, Davies, O, Davis, W, Day, C, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Castro, A, De La Cal, E, De La Luna, E, De Masi, G, De Pablos, J, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, De Vries, P, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Degli Agostini, F, Dejarnac, R, Delabie, E, Den Harder, N, Dendy, R, Denis, J, Denner, P, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Maio, F, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dinca, P, D'Inca, R, Ding, B, Dittmar, T, Doerk, H, Doerner, R, Donnã©, T, Dorling, S, Dormido Canto, S, Doswon, S, Douai, D, Doyle, P, Drenik, A, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Duckworth, P, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Äžuran, I, Durodiã©, F, Dutta, P, Duval, B, Dux, R, Dylst, K, Dzysiuk, N, Edappala, P, Edmond, J, Edwards, A, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, El Jorf, R, Elsmore, C, Enachescu, M, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Esposito, B, Esquembri, S, Esser, H, Esteve, D, Evans, B, Evans, G, Evison, G, Ewart, G, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falie, D, Fanni, A, Fasoli, A, Faustin, J, Fawlk, N, Fazendeiro, L, Fedorczak, N, Felton, R, Fenton, K, Fernades, A, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Fessey, J, Fã©vrier, O, Ficker, O, Field, A, Fietz, S, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Finburg, P, Firdaouss, M, Fischer, U, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Fleming, C, Flinders, K, Fonnesu, N, Fontdecaba, J, Formisano, A, Forsythe, L, Fortuna, L, Fortuna Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Foster, S, Franke, T, Franklin, T, Frasca, M, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Frigione, D, Fuchs, V, Fuller, D, Futatani, S, Fyvie, J, Gã¡l, K, Galassi, D, Gaå‚azka, K, Galdon Quiroga, J, Gallagher, J, Gallart, D, Galvã¡o, R, Gao, X, Gao, Y, Garcia, J, Garcia Carrasco, A, GarcÃa MuÃ±oz, M, Gardarein, J, Garzotti, L, Gaudio, P, Gauthier, E, Gear, D, Gee, S, Geiger, B, Gelfusa, M, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Ghate, M, Gherendi, M, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, C, Giegerich, T, Gil, C, Gil, L, Gilligan, S, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Girardo, J, Giroud, C, Giruzzi, G, Glã¶ggler, S, Godwin, J, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborod'Ko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodliffe, M, Goodyear, A, Gorini, G, Gosk, M, Goulding, R, Goussarov, A, Gowland, R, Graham, B, Graham, M, Graves, J, Grazier, N, Grazier, P, Green, N, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griph, F, Grisolia, C, Grist, D, Groth, M, Grove, R, Grundy, C, Grzonka, J, Guard, D, Guã©rard, C, Guillemaut, C, Guirlet, R, Gurl, C, Utoh, H, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hagar, A, Hager, R, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth Cook, S, Hamlyn Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harrington, C, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hasenbeck, F, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hawkins, P, Haydon, P, Hayter, N, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heinola, K, Hellesen, C, Hellsten, T, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Hender, T, Henderson, M, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Hermon, G, Hertout, P, Hidalgo, C, Highcock, E, Hill, M, Hillairet, J, Hillesheim, J, Hillis, D, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Hobirk, J, Hodille, E, Hogben, C, Hogeweij, G, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Homfray, D, Horã¡ä ek, J, Hornung, G, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Hough, M, Howarth, P, Hubbard, A, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Hughes, M, Huijsmans, G, Hunter, C, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Iglesias, D, Imazawa, N, Imbeaux, F, Imrãå¡ek, M, Incelli, M, Innocente, P, Irishkin, M, Ivanova Stanik, I, Jachmich, S, Jacobsen, A, Jacquet, P, Jansons, J, Jardin, A, Jã¤rvinen, A, Jaulmes, F, Jednorã³g, S, Jenkins, I, Jeong, C, Jepu, I, Joffrin, E, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Johnston, J, Joita, L, Jones, G, Jones, T, Hoshino, K, Kallenbach, A, Kamiya, K, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Karnowska, I, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D, Keenan, T, Keep, J, Kempenaars, M, Kennedy, C, Kenny, D, Kent, J, Kent, O, Khilkevich, E, Kim, H, Kinch, A, King, C, King, D, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirk, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kizane, G, Klepper, C, Klix, A, Knight, P, Knipe, S, Knott, S, Kobuchi, T, Kã¶chl, F, Kocsis, G, Kodeli, I, Kogan, L, Kogut, D, Koivuranta, S, Kominis, Y, Kã¶ppen, M, Kos, B, Koskela, T, Koslowski, H, Koubiti, M, Kovari, M, Kowalska StrzÈ©ciwilk, E, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Krawczyk, N, Kresina, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kruezi, U, Ksiaå¼ek, I, Kukushkin, A, Kundu, A, Kurki Suonio, T, Kwak, S, Kwiatkowski, R, Kwon, O, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lam, N, Lambertz, H, Lane, C, Lang, P, Lanthaler, S, Lapins, J, Lasa, A, Last, J, Å aszyå„ska, E, Lawless, R, Lawson, A, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Leddy, J, Lee, S, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, H, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichtle, D, Leichuer, P, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lesnoj, S, Letellier, E, Leyland, M, Leysen, W, Li, L, Liang, Y, Likonen, J, Linke, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Liu, G, Liu, Y, Lo Schiavo, V, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, P, Lã¶nnroth, J, Lã³pez, J, LÃ³pez Razola, J, Lorenzini, R, Losada, U, Lovell, J, Loving, A, Lowry, C, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, C, Lungu, M, Lunniss, A, Lupelli, I, Lyssoivan, A, Macdonald, N, Macheta, P, Maczewa, K, Magesh, B, Maget, P, Maggi, C, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Makkonen, T, Makwana, R, Malaquias, A, Malizia, A, Manas, P, Manning, A, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marandet, Y, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Marinelli, M, Marinucci, M, Markoviä , T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marren, C, Marshal, R, Martin, A, Martin, Y, MartÃn De Aguilera, A, Martãnez, F, MartÃn SolÃs, J, Martynova, Y, Maruyama, S, Masiello, A, Maslov, M, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Maviglia, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, May Smith, T, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mccormack, O, Mccullen, P, Mcdonald, D, Mcintosh, S, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Meadows, R, Meakins, A, Medina, F, Medland, M, Medley, S, Meigh, S, Meigs, A, Meisl, G, Meitner, S, Meneses, L, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merrigan, I, Mertens, P, Meshchaninov, S, Messiaen, A, Meyer, H, Mianowski, S, Michling, R, Middleton Gear, D, Miettunen, J, Militello, F, Militello Asp, E, Miloshevsky, G, Mink, F, Minucci, S, Miyoshi, Y, Mlynã¡å™, J, Molina, D, Monakhov, I, Moneti, M, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Mordijck, S, Moreira, L, Moreno, R, Moro, F, Morris, A, Morris, J, Moser, L, Mosher, S, Moulton, D, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Murphy, S, Asakura, N, Na, Y, Nabais, F, Naish, R, Nakano, T, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, M, Nedzelski, I, Nemtsev, G, Nespoli, F, Neto, A, Neu, R, Neverov, V, Newman, M, Nicholls, K, Nicolas, T, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, P, Nilsson, E, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nocente, M, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Nouailletas, R, Nunes, I, Oberkofler, M, Odupitan, T, Ogawa, M, O'Gorman, T, Okabayashi, M, Olney, R, Omolayo, O, O'Mullane, M, Ongena, J, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Oswuigwe, B, Otin, R, Owen, A, Paccagnella, R, Pace, N, Pacella, D, Packer, L, Page, A, Pajuste, E, Palazzo, S, Pamela, S, Panja, S, Papp, P, Paprok, R, Parail, V, Park, M, Parra Diaz, F, Parsons, M, Pasqualotto, R, Patel, A, Pathak, S, Paton, D, Patten, H, Pau, A, Pawelec, E, Paz Soldan, C, Peackoc, A, Pearson, I, Pehkonen, S, Peluso, E, Penot, C, Pereira, A, Pereira, R, Pereira Puglia, P, Perez Von Thun, C, Peruzzo, S, Peschanyi, S, Peterka, M, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Petre, A, Petrella, N, Petrå¾ilka, V, Peysson, Y, Pfefferlã©, D, Philipps, V, Pillon, M, Pintsuk, G, Piovesan, P, Pires Dos Reis, A, Piron, L, Pironti, A, Pisano, F, Pitts, R, Pizzo, F, Plyusnin, V, Pomaro, N, Pompilian, O, Pool, P, Popovichev, S, Porfiri, M, Porosnicu, C, Porton, M, Possnert, G, Potzel, S, Powell, T, Pozzi, J, Prajapati, V, Prakash, R, Prestopino, G, Price, D, Price, M, Price, R, Prior, P, Proudfoot, R, Pucella, G, Puglia, P, Puiatti, M, Pulley, D, Purahoo, K, Pã¼tterich, T, Rachlew, E, Rack, M, Ragona, R, Rainford, M, Rakha, A, Ramogida, G, Ranjan, S, Rapson, C, Rasmussen, J, Rathod, K, Rattã¡, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ravera, G, Rayner, C, Rebai, M, Reece, D, Reed, A, Rã©fy, D, Regan, B, Regaã±a, J, Reich, M, Reid, N, Reimold, F, Reinhart, M, Reinke, M, Reiser, D, Rendell, D, Reux, C, Reyes Cortes, S, Reynolds, S, Riccardo, V, Richardson, N, Riddle, K, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, F, Risner, J, Riva, M, Roach, C, Robins, R, Robinson, S, Robinson, T, Robson, D, Roccella, R, Rodionov, R, Rodrigues, P, Rodriguez, J, Rohde, V, Romanelli, F, Romanelli, M, Romanelli, S, Romazanov, J, Rowe, S, Rubel, M, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ruchko, L, Ruiz, M, Ruset, C, Rzadkiewicz, J, Saarelma, S, Sabot, R, Safi, E, Sagar, P, Saibene, G, Saint Laurent, F, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Salmon, R, Salzedas, F, Samaddar, D, Samm, U, Sandiford, D, Santa, P, Santala, M, Santos, B, Santucci, A, Sartori, F, Sartori, R, Sauter, O, Scannell, R, Schlummer, T, Schmid, K, Schmidt, V, Schmuck, S, Schneider, M, Schã¶pf, K, Schwã¶rer, D, Scott, S, Sergienko, G, Sertoli, M, Shabbir, A, Sharapov, S, Shaw, A, Shaw, R, Sheikh, H, Shepherd, A, Shevelev, A, Shumack, A, Sias, G, Sibbald, M, Sieglin, B, Silburn, S, Silva, A, Silva, C, Simmons, P, Simpson, J, Simpson Hutchinson, J, Sinha, A, Sipilã¤, S, Sips, A, Sirã©n, P, Sirinelli, A, Sjã¶strand, H, Skiba, M, Skilton, R, Slabkowska, K, Slade, B, Smith, N, Smith, P, Smith, R, Smith, T, Smithies, M, Snoj, L, Soare, S, Solano, E, Somers, A, Sommariva, C, Sonato, P, Sopplesa, A, Sousa, J, Sozzi, C, Spagnolo, S, Spelzini, T, Spineanu, F, Stables, G, Stamatelatos, I, Stamp, M, Staniec, P, Stankå«nas, G, Stan Sion, C, Stead, M, Stefanikova, E, Stepanov, I, Stephen, A, Stephen, M, Stevens, A, Stevens, B, Strachan, J, Strand, P, Strauss, H, Strã¶m, P, Stubbs, G, Studholme, W, Subba, F, Summers, H, Svensson, J, Åšwiderski, Å, Szabolics, T, Szawlowski, M, Szepesi, G, Suzuki, T, Tã¡l, B, Tala, T, Talbot, A, Talebzadeh, S, Taliercio, C, Tamain, P, Tame, C, Tang, W, Tardocchi, M, Taroni, L, Taylor, D, Taylor, K, Tegnered, D, Telesca, G, Teplova, N, Terranova, D, Testa, D, Tholerus, E, Thomas, J, Thomas, P, Thompson, A, Thompson, C, Thompson, V, Thorne, L, Thornton, A, Thrysã¸e, A, Tigwell, P, Tipton, N, Tiseanu, I, Tojo, H, Tokitani, M, Tolias, P, Tomeå¡, M, Tonner, P, Towndrow, M, Trimble, P, Tripsky, M, Tsalas, M, Tsavalas, P, Tskhakaya Jun, D, Turner, I, Turner, M, Turnyanskiy, M, Tvalashvili, G, Tyrrell, S, Uccello, A, Ul Abidin, Z, Uljanovs, J, Ulyatt, D, Urano, H, Uytdenhouwen, I, Vadgama, A, Valcarcel, D, Valentinuzzi, M, Valisa, M, Vallejos Olivares, P, Valovic, M, Van De Mortel, M, Van Eester, D, Van Renterghem, W, Van Rooij, G, Varje, J, Varoutis, S, Vartanian, S, Vasava, K, Vasilopoulou, T, Vega, J, Verdoolaege, G, Verhoeven, R, Verona, C, Verona Rinati, G, Veshchev, E, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Villari, S, Villone, F, Vincenzi, P, Vinyar, I, Viola, B, Vitins, A, Vizvary, Z, Vlad, M, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vondrã¡ä ek, P, Vora, N, Vu, T, Pires De Sa, W, Wakeling, B, Waldon, C, Walkden, N, Walker, M, Walker, R, Walsh, M, Wang, E, Wang, N, Warder, S, Warren, R, Waterhouse, J, Watkins, N, Watts, C, Wauters, T, Weckmann, A, Weiland, J, Weisen, H, Weiszflog, M, Wellstood, C, West, A, Wheatley, M, Whetham, S, Whitehead, A, Whitehead, B, Widdowson, A, Wiesen, S, Wilkinson, J, Williams, J, Williams, M, Wilson, A, Wilson, D, Wilson, H, Wilson, J, Wischmeier, M, Withenshaw, G, Withycombe, A, Witts, D, Wood, D, Wood, R, Woodley, C, Wray, S, Wright, J, Wu, J, Wukitch, S, Wynn, A, Xu, T, Yadikin, D, Yanling, W, Yao, L, Yavorskij, V, Yoo, M, Young, C, Young, D, Young, I, Young, R, Zacks, J, Zagorski, R, Zaitsev, F, Zanino, R, Zarins, A, Zastrow, K, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zilli, E, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zychor, I, Materials Physics, Department of Physics, European Commission, Litaudon, X., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Andersson Sundén, E., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baião, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Baron Wiechec, A., Barrera Orte, L., Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, É., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsåker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bílková, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Björkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnár, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Brosławski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabrò, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombé, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., de Castro, A., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Masi, G., de Pablos, J. L., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Degli Agostini, F., Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., den Harder, N., Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, P., D’Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donné, T., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Ďuran, I., Durodié, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edmond, J., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J., Eich, Th., Ekedahl, A., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, B., Evans, G. E., Evison, G., Ewart, G. D., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Fawlk, N., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenton, K., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Février, O., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Foster, S., Franke, T., Franklin, T., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fuller, D., Futatani, S., Fyvie, J., Gál, K., Galassi, D., Gałązka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallagher, J., Gallart, D., Galvão, R., Gao, X., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., García-Muñoz, M., Gardarein, J. -L., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Giegerich, T., Gil, C., Gil, L., Gilligan, S., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Glöggler, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod’Ko, V., Gomes, R., Gonçalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Gowland, R., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Graves, J. P., Grazier, N., Grazier, P., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grove, R., Grundy, C. N., Grzonka, J., Guard, D., Guérard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gurl, C., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Hallworth Cook, S. P., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harrington, C., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Haydon, P. W., Hayter, N., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Heinola, K., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hertout, P., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hodille, E., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Homfray, D. A., Horáček, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Hunter, C. L., Huynh, P., Hynes, A. M., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Imríšek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Irishkin, M., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jardin, A., Järvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednoróg, S., Jenkins, I., Jeong, C., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, Jane, Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Karnowska, I., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Kent, J., Kent, O. N., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H. T., Kim, H. S., Kinch, A., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, P., Knipe, S. J., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Köchl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I., Kogan, L., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kominis, Y., Köppen, M., Kos, B., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H. R., Koubiti, M., Kovari, M., Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Książek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwiatkowski, R., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, C., Lang, P. T., Lanthaler, S., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J. R., Łaszyńska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, A., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Leddy, J., Lee, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lesnoj, S., Letellier, E., Leyland, M., Leysen, W., Li, L., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch., Lipschultz, B., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., Lönnroth, J., López, J. M., López-Razola, J., Lorenzini, R., Losada, U., Lovell, J. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lungu, M., Lunniss, A., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macdonald, N., Macheta, P., Maczewa, K., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Malizia, A., Manas, P., Manning, A., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph., Marandet, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovič, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, Y., Martín de Aguilera, A., Martínez, F. J., Martín-Solís, J. R., Martynova, Y., Maruyama, S., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., May-Smith, T., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcclements, K. G., Mccormack, O., Mccullen, P. A., Mcdonald, D., Mcintosh, S., Mckean, R., Mckehon, J., Meadows, R. C., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Mianowski, S., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynář, J., Molina, D., Monakhov, I., Moneti, M., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Moro, F., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Murphy, S., Asakura, N. N., Na, Y. S., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolas, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, P., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Nouailletas, R., Nunes, I., Oberkofler, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O’Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olney, R., Omolayo, O., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Oswuigwe, B. I., Otin, R., Owen, A., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Packer, L. W., Page, A., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Paprok, R., Parail, V., Park, M., Parra Diaz, F., Parsons, M., Pasqualotto, R., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Paton, D., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pawelec, E., Paz Soldan, C., Peackoc, A., Pearson, I. J., Pehkonen, S. -P., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pereira, A., Pereira, R., Pereira Puglia, P. P., Perez von Thun, C., Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrella, N., Petržilka, V., Peysson, Y., Pfefferlé, D., Philipps, V., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Pütterich, Th., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Rattá, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Réfy, D., Regan, B., Regaña, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes Cortes, S. D. A., Reynolds, S., Riccardo, V., Richardson, N., Riddle, K., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Roach, C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roccella, R., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samaddar, D., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schöpf, K., Schwörer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sipilä, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Sirén, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjöstrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankūnas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Ström, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Świderski, Ł., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysøe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomeš, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya jun, D., Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valentinuzzi, M., Valisa, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Valovic, M., Van De Mortel, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., van Rooij, G. J., Varje, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vasilopoulou, T., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Verona Rinati, G., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondráček, P., Vora, N., Vu, T., Pires de Sa, W. W., Wakeling, B., Waldon, C. W. F., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wellstood, C., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wilson, J., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D. M., Wood, D., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yanling, W., Yao, L., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Young, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., Andersson SundÃ©n, E., Baiã¡o, D., Belonohy, Ã. ., Bergsã¥ker, H., Bãlkovã¡, P., Bjã¶rkas, C., Bodnã¡r, G., Broså awski, A., Calabrã², G., Crombã©, K., De Castro, A., De La Cal, E., De La Luna, E., De Pablos, J. L., De Vries, P., Den Harder, N., D'Inca, R., Donnã©, T., Duckworth, P. h., Ä uran, I., Durodiã©, F., Eich, T. h., Fã©vrier, O., Gã¡l, K., Gaå azka, K., Galvã¡o, R., GarcÃa-MuÃ±oz, M., Gardarein, J. -. L., Glã¶ggler, S., Goloborod'Ko, V., Goncalves, B., Guã©rard, C., Horã¡ä ek, J., Imrãå¡ek, M., Jã¤rvinen, A., Jednorã³g, S., Kã¶chl, F., Kã¶ppen, M., Kowalska-StrzÈ©ciwilk, E., Ksiaå¼ek, I., Å aszyå ska, E., Linsmeier, C. h., Lã¶nnroth, J., Lã³pez, J. M., LÃ³pez-Razola, J., Maquet, P. h., Markoviä , T., MartÃn De Aguilera, A., Martãnez, F. J., MartÃn-SolÃs, J. R., Mertens, P. h., Mlynã¡å , J., O'Gorman, T., O'Mullane, M., Pehkonen, S. -. P., Perez Von Thun, C., Petrå¾ilka, V., Pfefferlã©, D., Pires Dos Reis, A., Pã¼tterich, T. h., Rattã¡, G., Rã©fy, D., Regaã±a, J., Schã¶pf, K., Schwã¶rer, D., Sipilã¤, S. K., Sirã©n, P., Sjã¶strand, H., Stankå«nas, G., Strã¶m, P., Å widerski, Å. ., Tã¡l, B., Thompson, C. -. A., Thrysã¸e, A. S., Tomeå¡, M., Tskhakaya Jun, D., Van Rooij, G. J., Vondrã¡ä ek, P., Pires De Sa, W. W., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano] (DENG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Research Centre Julich (FZJ), Institute for Plasma Research, Instituto Superior Tecnico Lisboa, Queen's University Belfast, University of Helsinki, CEA, Department of Applied Physics, School services, SCI, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, VTT, University of Naples Federico II, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, CNR, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Ente Per Le Nuove Tecnologie L'energia e l'ambiente, Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research, Uppsala University, National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, University of Catania, Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Institute for Fusion Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Latvia, Imperial College London, CIEMAT, University of Oxford, EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, University of York, Royal Institute of Technology, Maritime University of Szczecin, H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Czech Academy of Sciences, University of Trento, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Comenius University, University of Milan - Bicocca, National Institute for Optoelectronics, Fourth State Research, University of Texas at Austin, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Princeton University, CNRS, University of Cagliari, University of Warwick, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, FOM Institute DIFFER, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Ghent University, J. Stefan Institute, Universite de Lorraine, CAS - Institute of Plasma Physics, University of California at San Diego, Koninklijke Militaire School - Ecole Royale Militaire, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, School services, ELEC, Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Automaatio- ja systeemitekniik, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Second University of Naples, Warsaw University of Technology, Universita della Basilicata, Barcelona Supercomp. Center, Universidad de Sevilla, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Sähkötekniikan laitos, University of Rome Tor Vergata, RAS - Ioffe Physico Technical Institute, General Atomics, University of Innsbruck, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Toyama, University of Strathclyde, National Technical University of Athens, Universita della Tuscia, Technical University of Denmark, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul National University, University College Cork, Vienna University of Technology, University of Opole, Daegu University, National Fusion Research Institute, Dublin City University, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, PELIN LLC, Arizona State University, Universidad Complutense, University of Basel, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Consorzio CREATE, Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research, Purdue University, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, School Services, ARTS, Department of Design, University of California Office of the President, Universidade de Sao Paulo, School Services, BIZ, Department of Information and Service Management, Lithuanian Energy Institute, HRS Fusion, Politecnico di Torino, University of Cassino, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Faculdade de Engenharia
Subjects: Technology, fusion, Física [Ciências exactas e naturais], Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, DIAGNOSTICS, 01 natural sciences, ILW, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ilw, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Plasma, H-Mode Plasmas, law, ITER, Disruption Prediction, COLLISIONALITY, EDGE LOCALIZED MODES, Diagnostics, Operation, JET, plasma, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Physics, Jet (fluid), JET, plasma, fusion, ITER, Divertor, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, DENSITY PEAKING, Carbon Wall, H-MODE PLASMAS, [ SPI.MECA.MEFL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Density Peaking, Neutron transport, Facing Components, Collisionality, 114 Physical sciences, Física, Física, Nuclear physics, Physical sciences [Natural sciences], Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Pedestal, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, ddc:530, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Fusion, Physics, Physical sciences, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Edge Localized Modes, QC717, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Reactors de fusió, Física, FACING COMPONENTS, Fusion reactors, Jet, CARBON WALL, DISRUPTION PREDICTION, OPERATION, ddc:600
Abstract: The 2014–2016 JET results are reviewed in the light of their significance for optimising the ITER research plan for the active and non-active operation. More than 60 h of plasma operation with ITER first wall materials successfully took place since its installation in 2011. New multi-machine scaling of the type I-ELM divertor energy flux density to ITER is supported by first principle modelling. ITER relevant disruption experiments and first principle modelling are reported with a set of three disruption mitigation valves mimicking the ITER setup. Insights of the L–H power threshold in Deuterium and Hydrogen are given, stressing the importance of the magnetic configurations and the recent measurements of fine-scale structures in the edge radial electric. Dimensionless scans of the core and pedestal confinement provide new information to elucidate the importance of the first wall material on the fusion performance. H-mode plasmas at ITER triangularity (H = 1 at ßN ~ 1.8 and n/nGW ~ 0.6) have been sustained at 2 MA during 5 s. The ITER neutronics codes have been validated on high performance experiments. Prospects for the coming D–T campaign and 14 MeV neutron calibration strategy are reviewed. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No 633053. Peer Reviewed Article signat per 1.173 autors/es: X. Litaudon35, S. Abduallev39, M. Abhangi46, P. Abreu53, M. Afzal7, K.M. Aggarwal29, T. Ahlgren101, J.H. Ahn8, L. Aho-Mantila112, N. Aiba69, M. Airila112, R. Albanese105, V. Aldred7, D. Alegre93, E. Alessi45, P. Aleynikov55, A. Alfier12, A. Alkseev72, M. Allinson7, B. Alper7, E. Alves53, G. Ambrosino105, R. Ambrosino106, L. Amicucci90, V. Amosov88, E. Andersson Sundén22, M. Angelone90, M. Anghel85, C. Angioni62, L. Appel7, C. Appelbee7, P. Arena30, M. Ariola106, H. Arnichand8, S. Arshad41, A. Ash7, N. Ashikawa68, V. Aslanyan64, O. Asunta1, F. Auriemma12, Y. Austin7, L. Avotina103, M.D. Axton7, C. Ayres7, M. Bacharis24, A. Baciero57, D. Baião53, S. Bailey7, A. Baker7, I. Balboa7, M. Balden62, N. Balshaw7, R. Bament7, J.W. Banks7, Y.F. Baranov7, M.A. Barnard7, D. Barnes7, M. Barnes27, R. Barnsley55, A. Baron Wiechec7, L. Barrera Orte34, M. Baruzzo12, V. Basiuk8, M. Bassan55, R. Bastow7, A. Batista53, P. Batistoni90, R. Baughan7, B. Bauvir55, L. Baylor73, B. Bazylev56, J. Beal110, P.S. Beaumont7, M. Beckers39, B. Beckett7, A. Becoulet8, N. Bekris35, M. Beldishevski7, K. Bell7, F. Belli90, M. Bellinger7, É. Belonohy62, N. Ben Ayed7, N.A. Benterman7, H. Bergsåker42, J. Bernardo53, M. Bernert62, M. Berry7, L. Bertalot55, C. Besliu7, M. Beurskens63, B. Bieg61, J. Bielecki47, T. Biewer73, M. Bigi12, P. Bílková50, F. Binda22, A. Bisoffi31, J.P.S. Bizarro53, C. Björkas101, J. Blackburn7, K. Blackman7, T.R. Blackman7, P. Blanchard33, P. Blatchford7, V. Bobkov62, A. Boboc7, G. Bodnár113, O. Bogar18, I. Bolshakova60, T. Bolzonella12, N. Bonanomi97, F. Bonelli56, J. Boom62, J. Booth7, D. Borba35,53, D. Borodin39, I. Borodkina39, A. Botrugno90, C. Bottereau8, P. Boulting7, C. Bourdelle8, M. Bowden7, C. Bower7, C. Bowman110, T. Boyce7, C. Boyd7, H.J. Boyer7, J.M.A. Bradshaw7, V. Braic87, R. Bravanec40, B. Breizman107, S. Bremond8, P.D. Brennan7, S. Breton8, A. Brett7, S. Brezinsek39, M.D.J. Bright7, M. Brix7, W. Broeckx78, M. Brombin12, A. Brosławski65, D.P.D. Brown7, M. Brown7, E. Bruno55, J. Bucalossi8, J. Buch46, J. Buchanan7, M.A. Buckley7, R. Budny76, H. Bufferand8, M. Bulman7, N. Bulmer7, P. Bunting7, P. Buratti90, A. Burckhart62, A. Buscarino30, A. Busse7, N.K. Butler7, I. Bykov42, J. Byrne7, P. Cahyna50, G. Calabrò90, I. Calvo57, Y. Camenen4, P. Camp7, D.C. Campling7, J. Cane7, B. Cannas17, A.J. Capel7, P.J. Card7, A. Cardinali90, P. Carman7, M. Carr7, D. Carralero62, L. Carraro12, B.B. Carvalho53, I. Carvalho53, P. Carvalho53, F.J. Casson7, C. Castaldo90, N. Catarino53, J. Caumont7, F. Causa90, R. Cavazzana12, K. Cave-Ayland7, M. Cavinato12, M. Cecconello22, S. Ceccuzzi90, E. Cecil76, A. Cenedese12, R. Cesario90, C.D. Challis7, M. Chandler7, D. Chandra46, C.S. Chang76, A. Chankin62, I.T. Chapman7, S.C. Chapman28, M. Chernyshova49, G. Chitarin12, G. Ciraolo8, D. Ciric7, J. Citrin38, F. Clairet8, E. Clark7, M. Clark7, R. Clarkson7, D. Clatworthy7, C. Clements7, M. Cleverly7, J.P. Coad7, P.A. Coates7, A. Cobalt7, V. Coccorese105, V. Cocilovo90, S. Coda33, R. Coelho53, J.W. Coenen39, I. Coffey29, L. Colas8, S. Collins7, D. Conka103, S. Conroy22, N. Conway7, D. Coombs7, D. Cooper7, S.R. Cooper7, C. Corradino30, Y. Corre8, G. Corrigan7, S. Cortes53, D. Coster62, A.S. Couchman7, M.P. Cox7, T. Craciunescu86, S. Cramp7, R. Craven7, F. Crisanti90, G. Croci97, D. Croft7, K. Crombé15, R. Crowe7, N. Cruz53, G. Cseh113, A. Cufar81, A. Cullen7, M. Curuia85, A. Czarnecka49, H. Dabirikhah7, P. Dalgliesh7, S. Dalley7, J. Dankowski47, D. Darrow76, O. Davies7, W. Davis55,76, C. Day56, I.E. Day7, M. De Bock55, A. de Castro57, E. de la Cal57, E. de la Luna57, G. De Masi12, J. L. de Pablos57, G. De Temmerman55, G. De Tommasi105, P. de Vries55, K. Deakin7, J. Deane7, F. Degli Agostini12, R. Dejarnac50, E. Delabie73, N. den Harder38, R.O. Dendy7, J. Denis8, P. Denner39, S. Devaux62,104, P. Devynck8, F. Di Maio55, A. Di Siena62, C. Di Troia90, P. Dinca86, R. D’Inca62, B. Ding51, T. Dittmar39, H. Doerk62, R.P. Doerner9, T. Donné34, S.E. Dorling7, S. Dormido-Canto93, S. Doswon7, D. Douai8, P.T. Doyle7, A. Drenik62,81, P. Drewelow63, P. Drews39, Ph. Duckworth55, R. Dumont8, P. Dumortier58, D. Dunai113, M. Dunne62, I. Ďuran50, F. Durodié58, P. Dutta46, B. P. Duval33, R. Dux62, K. Dylst78, N. Dzysiuk22, P.V. Edappala46, J. Edmond7, A.M. Edwards7, J. Edwards7, Th. Eich62, A. Ekedahl8, R. El-Jorf7, C.G. Elsmore7, M. Enachescu84, G. Ericsson22, F. Eriksson16, J. Eriksson22, L.G. Eriksson36, B. Esposito90, S. Esquembri94, H.G. Esser39, D. Esteve8, B. Evans7, G.E. Evans7, G. Evison7, G.D. Ewart7, D. Fagan7, M. Faitsch62, D. Falie86, A. Fanni17, A. Fasoli33, J. M. Faustin33, N. Fawlk7, L. Fazendeiro53, N. Fedorczak8, R.C. Felton7, K. Fenton7, A. Fernades53, H. Fernandes53, J. Ferreira53, J.A. Fessey7, O. Février8, O. Ficker50, A. Field7, S. Fietz62, A. Figueiredo53, J. Figueiredo53,35, A. Fil8, P. Finburg7, M. Firdaouss8, U. Fischer56, L. Fittill7, M. Fitzgerald7, D. Flammini90, J. Flanagan7, C. Fleming7, K. Flinders7, N. Fonnesu90, J. M. Fontdecaba57, A. Formisano79, L. Forsythe7, L. Fortuna30, E. Fortuna-Zalesna19, M. Fortune7, S. Foster7, T. Franke34, T. Franklin7, M. Frasca30, L. Frassinetti42, M. Freisinger39, R. Fresa98, D. Frigione90, V. Fuchs50, D. Fuller35, S. Futatani6, J. Fyvie7, K. Gál34,62, D. Galassi2, K. Gałązka49, J. Galdon-Quiroga92, J. Gallagher7, D. Gallart6, R. Galvão10, X. Gao51, Y. Gao39, J. Garcia8, A. Garcia-Carrasco42, M. García-Muñoz92, J.-L. Gardarein3, L. Garzotti7, P. Gaudio95, E. Gauthier8, D.F. Gear7, S.J. Gee7, B. Geiger62, M. Gelfusa95, S. Gerasimov7, G. Gervasini45, M. Gethins7, Z. Ghani7, M. Ghate46, M. Gherendi86, J.C. Giacalone8, L. Giacomelli45, C.S. Gibson7, T. Giegerich56, C. Gil8, L. Gil53, S. Gilligan7, D. Gin54, E. Giovannozzi90, J.B. Girardo8, C. Giroud7, G. Giruzzi8, S. Glöggler62, J. Godwin7, J. Goff7, P. Gohil43, V. Goloborod’ko102, R. Gomes53, B. Gonçalves53, M. Goniche8, M. Goodliffe7, A. Goodyear7, G. Gorini97, M. Gosk65, R. Goulding76, A. Goussarov78, R. Gowland7, B. Graham7, M.E. Graham7, J. P. Graves33, N. Grazier7, P. Grazier7, N.R. Green7, H. Greuner62, B. Grierson76, F.S. Griph7, C. Grisolia8, D. Grist7, M. Groth1, R. Grove73, C.N. Grundy7, J. Grzonka19, D. Guard7, C. Guérard34, C. Guillemaut8,53, R. Guirlet8, C. Gurl7, H.H. Utoh69, L.J. Hackett7, S. Hacquin8,35, A. Hagar7, R. Hager76, A. Hakola112, M. Halitovs103, S.J. Hall7, S.P. Hallworth Cook7, C. Hamlyn-Harris7, K. Hammond7, C. Harrington7, J. Harrison7, D. Harting7, F. Hasenbeck39, Y. Hatano108, D.R. Hatch107, T.D.V. Haupt7, J. Hawes7, N.C. Hawkes7, J. Hawkins7, P. Hawkins7, P.W. Haydon7, N. Hayter7, S. Hazel7, P.J.L. Heesterman7, K. Heinola101, C. Hellesen22, T. Hellsten42, W. Helou8, O.N. Hemming7, T.C. Hender7, M. Henderson55, S.S. Henderson21, R. Henriques53, D. Hepple7, G. Hermon7, P. Hertout8, C. Hidalgo57, E.G. Highcock27, M. Hill7, J. Hillairet8, J. Hillesheim7, D. Hillis73, K. Hizanidis70, A. Hjalmarsson22, J. Hobirk62, E. Hodille8, C.H.A. Hogben7, G.M.D. Hogeweij38, A. Hollingsworth7, S. Hollis7, D.A. Homfray7, J. Horáček50, G. Hornung15, A.R. Horton7, L.D. Horton36, L. Horvath110, S.P. Hotchin7, M.R. Hough7, P.J. Howarth7, A. Hubbard64, A. Huber39, V. Huber39, T.M. Huddleston7, M. Hughes7, G.T.A. Huijsmans55, C.L. Hunter7, P. Huynh8, A.M. Hynes7, D. Iglesias7, N. Imazawa69, F. Imbeaux8, M. Imríšek50, M. Incelli109, P. Innocente12, M. Irishkin8, I. Ivanova-Stanik49, S. Jachmich58,35, A.S. Jacobsen83, P. Jacquet7, J. Jansons103, A. Jardin8, A. Järvinen1, F. Jaulmes38, S. Jednoróg49, I. Jenkins7, C. Jeong20, I. Jepu86, E. Joffrin8, R. Johnson7, T. Johnson42, Jane Johnston7, L. Joita7, G. Jones7, T.T.C. Jones7, K.K. Hoshino69, A. Kallenbach62, K. Kamiya69, J. Kaniewski7, A. Kantor7, A. Kappatou62, J. Karhunen1, D. Karkinsky7, I. Karnowska7, M. Kaufman73, G. Kaveney7, Y. Kazakov58, V. Kazantzidis70, D.L. Keeling7, T. Keenan7, J. Keep7, M. Kempenaars7, C. Kennedy7, D. Kenny7, J. Kent7, O.N. Kent7, E. Khilkevich54, H.T. Kim35, H.S. Kim80, A. Kinch7, C. king7, D. King7, R.F. King7, D.J. Kinna7, V. Kiptily7, A. Kirk7, K. Kirov7, A. Kirschner39, G. Kizane103, C. Klepper73, A. Klix56, P. Knight7, S.J. Knipe7, S. Knott96, T. Kobuchi69, F. Köchl111, G. Kocsis113, I. Kodeli81, L. Kogan7, D. Kogut8, S. Koivuranta112, Y. Kominis70, M. Köppen39, B. Kos81, T. Koskela1, H.R. Koslowski39, M. Koubiti4, M. Kovari7, E. Kowalska-Strzęciwilk49, A. Krasilnikov88, V. Krasilnikov88, N. Krawczyk49, M. Kresina8, K. Krieger62, A. Krivska58, U. Kruezi7, I. Książek48, A. Kukushkin72, A. Kundu46, T. Kurki-Suonio1, S. Kwak20, R. Kwiatkowski65, O.J. Kwon13, L. Laguardia45, A. Lahtinen101, A. Laing7, N. Lam7, H.T. Lambertz39, C. Lane7, P.T. Lang62, S. Lanthaler33, J. Lapins103, A. Lasa101, J.R. Last7, E. Łaszyńska49, R. Lawless7, A. Lawson7, K.D. Lawson7, A. Lazaros70, E. Lazzaro45, J. Leddy110, S. Lee66, X. Lefebvre7, H.J. Leggate32, J. Lehmann7, M. Lehnen55, D. Leichtle41, P. Leichuer7, F. Leipold55,83, I. Lengar81, M. Lennholm36, E. Lerche58, A. Lescinskis103, S. Lesnoj7, E. Letellier7, M. Leyland110, W. Leysen78, L. Li39, Y. Liang39, J. Likonen112, J. Linke39, Ch. Linsmeier39, B. Lipschultz110, G. Liu55, Y. Liu51, V.P. Lo Schiavo105, T. Loarer8, A. Loarte55, R.C. Lobel7, B. Lomanowski1, P.J. Lomas7, J. Lönnroth1,35, J. M. López94, J. López-Razola57, R. Lorenzini12, U. Losada57, J.J. Lovell7, A.B. Loving7, C. Lowry36, T. Luce43, R.M.A. Lucock7, A. Lukin74, C. Luna5, M. Lungaroni95, C.P. Lungu86, M. Lungu86, A. Lunniss110, I. Lupelli7, A. Lyssoivan58, N. Macdonald7, P. Macheta7, K. Maczewa7, B. Magesh46, P. Maget8, C. Maggi7, H. Maier62, J. Mailloux7, T. Makkonen1, R. Makwana46, A. Malaquias53, A. Malizia95, P. Manas4, A. Manning7, M.E. Manso53, P. Mantica45, M. Mantsinen6, A. Manzanares91, Ph. Maquet55, Y. Marandet4, N. Marcenko88, C. Marchetto45, O. Marchuk39, M. Marinelli95, M. Marinucci90, T. Markovič50, D. Marocco90, L. Marot26, C.A. Marren7, R. Marshal7, A. Martin7, Y. Martin33, A. Martín de Aguilera57, F.J. Martínez93, J. R. Martín-Solís14, Y. Martynova39, S. Maruyama55, A. Masiello12, M. Maslov7, S. Matejcik18, M. Mattei79, G.F. Matthews7, F. Maviglia11, M. Mayer62, M.L. Mayoral34, T. May-Smith7, D. Mazon8, C. Mazzotta90, R. McAdams7, P.J. McCarthy96, K.G. McClements7, O. McCormack12, P.A. McCullen7, D. McDonald34, S. McIntosh7, R. McKean7, J. McKehon7, R.C. Meadows7, A. Meakins7, F. Medina57, M. Medland7, S. Medley7, S. Meigh7, A.G. Meigs7, G. Meisl62, S. Meitner73, L. Meneses53, S. Menmuir7,42, K. Mergia71, I.R. Merrigan7, Ph. Mertens39, S. Meshchaninov88, A. Messiaen58, H. Meyer7, S. Mianowski65, R. Michling55, D. Middleton-Gear7, J. Miettunen1, F. Militello7, E. Militello-Asp7, G. Miloshevsky77, F. Mink62, S. Minucci105, Y. Miyoshi69, J. Mlynář50, D. Molina8, I. Monakhov7, M. Moneti109, R. Mooney7, S. Moradi37, S. Mordijck43, L. Moreira7, R. Moreno57, F. Moro90, A.W. Morris7, J. Morris7, L. Moser26, S. Mosher73, D. Moulton7,1, A. Murari12,35, A. Muraro45, S. Murphy7, N.N. Asakura69, Y.S. Na80, F. Nabais53, R. Naish7, T. Nakano69, E. Nardon8, V. Naulin83, M.F.F. Nave53, I. Nedzelski53, G. Nemtsev88, F. Nespoli33, A. Neto41, R. Neu62, V.S. Neverov72, M. Newman7, K.J. Nicholls7, T. Nicolas33, A.H. Nielsen83, P. Nielsen12, E. Nilsson8, D. Nishijima99, C. Noble7, M. Nocente97, D. Nodwell7, K. Nordlund101, H. Nordman16, R. Nouailletas8, I. Nunes53, M. Oberkofler62, T. Odupitan7, M.T. Ogawa69, T. O’Gorman7, M. Okabayashi76, R. Olney7, O. Omolayo7, M. O’Mullane21, J. Ongena58, F. Orsitto11, J. Orszagh18, B.I. Oswuigwe7, R. Otin7, A. Owen7, R. Paccagnella12, N. Pace7, D. Pacella90, L.W. Packer7, A. Page7, E. Pajuste103, S. Palazzo30, S. Pamela7, S. Panja46, P. Papp18, R. Paprok50, V. Parail7, M. Park66, F. Parra Diaz27, M. Parsons73, R. Pasqualotto12, A. Patel7, S. Pathak46, D. Paton7, H. Patten33, A. Pau17, E. Pawelec48, C. Paz Soldan43, A. Peackoc36, I.J. Pearson7, S.-P. Pehkonen112, E. Peluso95, C. Penot55, A. Pereira57, R. Pereira53, P.P. Pereira Puglia7, C. Perez von Thun35,39, S. Peruzzo12, S. Peschanyi56, M. Peterka50, P. Petersson42, G. Petravich113, A. Petre84, N. Petrella7, V. Petržilka50, Y. Peysson8, D. Pfefferlé33, V. Philipps39, M. Pillon90, G. Pintsuk39, P. Piovesan12, A. Pires dos Reis52, L. Piron7, A. Pironti105, F. Pisano17, R. Pitts55, F. Pizzo79, V. Plyusnin53, N. Pomaro12, O.G. Pompilian86, P.J. Pool7, S. Popovichev7, M.T. Porfiri90, C. Porosnicu86, M. Porton7, G. Possnert22, S. Potzel62, T. Powell7, J. Pozzi7, V. Prajapati46, R. Prakash46, G. Prestopino95, D. Price7, M. Price7, R. Price7, P. Prior7, R. Proudfoot7, G. Pucella90, P. Puglia52, M.E. Puiatti12, D. Pulley7, K. Purahoo7, Th. Pütterich62, E. Rachlew25, M. Rack39, R. Ragona58, M.S.J. Rainford7, A. Rakha6, G. Ramogida90, S. Ranjan46, C.J. Rapson62, J.J. Rasmussen83, K. Rathod46, G. Rattá57, S. Ratynskaia82, G. Ravera90, C. Rayner7, M. Rebai97, D. Reece7, A. Reed7, D. Réfy113, B. Regan7, J. Regaña34, M. Reich62, N. Reid7, F. Reimold39, M. Reinhart34, M. Reinke110,73, D. Reiser39, D. Rendell7, C. Reux8, S.D.A. Reyes Cortes53, S. Reynolds7, V. Riccardo7, N. Richardson7, K. Riddle7, D. Rigamonti97, F.G. Rimini7, J. Risner73, M. Riva90, C. Roach7, R.J. Robins7, S.A. Robinson7, T. Robinson7, D.W. Robson7, R. Roccella55, R. Rodionov88, P. Rodrigues53, J. Rodriguez7, V. Rohde62, F. Romanelli90, M. Romanelli7, S. Romanelli7, J. Romazanov39, S. Rowe7, M. Rubel42, G. Rubinacci105, G. Rubino12, L. Ruchko52, M. Ruiz94, C. Ruset86, J. Rzadkiewicz65, S. Saarelma7, R. Sabot8, E. Safi101, P. Sagar7, G. Saibene41, F. Saint-Laurent8, M. Salewski83, A. Salmi112, R. Salmon7, F. Salzedas53, D. Samaddar7, U. Samm39, D. Sandiford7, P. Santa46, M.I.K. Santala1, B. Santos53, A. Santucci90, F. Sartori41, R. Sartori41, O. Sauter33, R. Scannell7, T. Schlummer39, K. Schmid62, V. Schmidt12, S. Schmuck7, M. Schneider8, K. Schöpf102, D. Schwörer32, S.D. Scott76, G. Sergienko39, M. Sertoli62, A. Shabbir15, S.E. Sharapov7, A. Shaw7, R. Shaw7, H. Sheikh7, A. Shepherd7, A. Shevelev54, A. Shumack38, G. Sias17, M. Sibbald7, B. Sieglin62, S. Silburn7, A. Silva53, C. Silva53, P.A. Simmons7, J. Simpson7, J. Simpson-Hutchinson7, A. Sinha46, S.K. Sipilä1, A.C.C. Sips36, P. Sirén112, A. Sirinelli55, H. Sjöstrand22, M. Skiba22, R. Skilton7, K. Slabkowska49, B. Slade7, N. Smith7, P.G. Smith7, R. Smith7, T.J. Smith7, M. Smithies110, L. Snoj81, S. Soare85, E. R. Solano35,57, A. Somers32, C. Sommariva8, P. Sonato12, A. Sopplesa12, J. Sousa53, C. Sozzi45, S. Spagnolo12, T. Spelzini7, F. Spineanu86, G. Stables7, I. Stamatelatos71, M.F. Stamp7, P. Staniec7, G. Stankūnas59, C. Stan-Sion84, M.J. Stead7, E. Stefanikova42, I. Stepanov58, A.V. Stephen7, M. Stephen46, A. Stevens7, B.D. Stevens7, J. Strachan76, P. Strand16, H.R. Strauss44, P. Ström42, G. Stubbs7, W. Studholme7, F. Subba75, H.P. Summers21, J. Svensson63, Ł. Świderski65, T. Szabolics113, M. Szawlowski49, G. Szepesi7, T.T. Suzuki69, B. Tál113, T. Tala112, A.R. Talbot7, S. Talebzadeh95, C. Taliercio12, P. Tamain8, C. Tame7, W. Tang76, M. Tardocchi45, L. Taroni12, D. Taylor7, K.A. Taylor7, D. Tegnered16, G. Telesca15, N. Teplova54, D. Terranova12, D. Testa33, E. Tholerus42, J. Thomas7, J.D. Thomas7, P. Thomas55, A. Thompson7, C.-A. Thompson7, V.K. Thompson7, L. Thorne7, A. Thornton7, A.S. Thrysøe83, P.A. Tigwell7, N. Tipton7, I. Tiseanu86, H. Tojo69, M. Tokitani67, P. Tolias82, M. Tomeš50, P. Tonner7, M. Towndrow7, P. Trimble7, M. Tripsky58, M. Tsalas38, P. Tsavalas71, D. Tskhakaya jun102, I. Turner7, M.M. Turner32, M. Turnyanskiy34, G. Tvalashvili7, S.G.J. Tyrrell7, A. Uccello45, Z. Ul-Abidin7, J. Uljanovs1, D. Ulyatt7, H. Urano69, I. Uytdenhouwen78, A.P. Vadgama7, D. Valcarcel7, M. Valentinuzzi8, M. Valisa12, P. Vallejos Olivares42, M. Valovic7, M. Van De Mortel7, D. Van Eester58, W. Van Renterghem78, G.J. van Rooij38, J. Varje1, S. Varoutis56, S. Vartanian8, K. Vasava46, T. Vasilopoulou71, J. Vega57, G. Verdoolaege58, R. Verhoeven7, C. Verona95, G. Verona Rinati95, E. Veshchev55, N. Vianello45, J. Vicente53, E. Viezzer62,92, S. Villari90, F. Villone100, P. Vincenzi12, I. Vinyar74, B. Viola90, A. Vitins103, Z. Vizvary7, M. Vlad86, I. Voitsekhovitch34, P. Vondráček50, N. Vora7, T. Vu8, W.W. Pires de Sa52, B. Wakeling7, C.W.F. Waldon7, N. Walkden7, M. Walker7, R. Walker7, M. Walsh55, E. Wang39, N. Wang39, S. Warder7, R.J. Warren7, J. Waterhouse7, N.W. Watkins28, C. Watts55, T. Wauters58, A. Weckmann42, J. Weiland23, H. Weisen33, M. Weiszflog22, C. Wellstood7, A.T. West7, M.R. Wheatley7, S. Whetham7, A.M. Whitehead7, B.D. Whitehead7, A.M. Widdowson7, S. Wiesen39, J. Wilkinson7, J. Williams7, M. Williams7, A.R. Wilson7, D.J. Wilson7, H.R. Wilson110, J. Wilson7, M. Wischmeier62, G. Withenshaw7, A. Withycombe7, D.M. Witts7, D. Wood7, R. Wood7, C. Woodley7, S. Wray7, J. Wright7, J.C. Wright64, J. Wu89, S. Wukitch64, A. Wynn110, T. Xu7, D. Yadikin16, W. Yanling39, L. Yao89, V. Yavorskij102, M.G. Yoo80, C. Young7, D. Young7, I.D. Young7, R. Young7, J. Zacks7, R. Zagorski49, F.S. Zaitsev18, R. Zanino75, A. Zarins103, K.D. Zastrow7, M. Zerbini90, W. Zhang62, Y. Zhou42, E. Zilli12, V. Zoita86, S. Zoletnik113, I. Zychor65 and JET Contributorsa // EUROfusion Consortium JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 1 Aalto University, PO Box 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland / 2 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, 13451, Marseille, France / 3 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, 13013 Marseille, France / 4 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, UMR 7345, 13013 Marseille, France / 5 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America / 6 Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain / 7 CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 8 CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 9 Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America / 10 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud, 160, Rio de Janeiro CEP 22290-180, Brazil / 11 Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 12 Consorzio RFX, corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy / 13 Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-174, Republic of Korea / 14 Departamento de Física, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain / 15 Department of Applied Physics UG (Ghent University) St-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Ghent, Belgium / 16 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 17 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi 09123, Cagliari, Italy / 18 Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics Comenius University Mlynska dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia / 19 Department of Materials Science, Warsaw University of Technology, PL-01-152 Warsaw, Poland / 20 Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea / 21 Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONG, United Kingdom / 22 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden / 23 Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 24 Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom / 25 Department of Physics, SCI, KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden / 26 Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland / 27 Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, United Kingdom / 28 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom / 29 Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Queens University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom / 30 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy / 31 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Trento, Trento, Italy / 32 Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland / 33 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland / 34 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany / 35 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Culham Science Centre, Culham, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 36 European Commission, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium / 37 Fluid and Plasma Dynamics, ULB—Campus Plaine—CP 231 Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium / 38 FOM Institute DIFFER, Eindhoven, Netherlands / 39 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung—Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany / 40 Fourth State Research, 503 Lockhart Dr, Austin, TX, United States of America / 41 Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pl. 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral B3, 08019, Barcelona, Spain / 42 Fusion Plasma Physics, EES, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden / 43 General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of America / 44 HRS Fusion, West Orange, NJ, United States of America / 45 IFP-CNR, via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy / 46 Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, Gujarat State, India / 47 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland / 48 Institute of Physics, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland / 49 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland / 50 Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czechia / 51 Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China / 52 Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão Travessa R Nr.187 CEP 05508-090 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brasil / 53 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal / 54 Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation / 55 ITER Organization, Route de Vinon, CS 90 046, 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 56 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany / 57 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain / 58 Laboratory for Plasma Physics Koninklijke Militaire School—Ecole Royale Militaire, Renaissancelaan 30 Avenue de la Renaissance B-1000, Brussels, Belgium / 59 Lithuanian energy institute, Breslaujos g. 3, LT-44403, Kaunas, Lithuania / 60 Magnetic Sensor Laboratory, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine / 61 Maritime University of Szczecin, Waly Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland / 62 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, D-85748 Garching, Germany / 63 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Teilinsitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany / 64 MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Centre, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America / 65 National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland / 66 National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea / 67 National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan / 68 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan / 69 National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan / 70 National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 157 73 Zografou, Athens, Greece / 71 NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 153 10, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece / 72 NRC Kurchatov Institute, 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation / 73 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6169, United States of America / 74 PELIN LLC, 27a, Gzhatskaya Ulitsa, Saint Petersburg, 195220, Russian Federation / 75 Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy / 76 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, James Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America / 77 Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America / 78 SCK-CEN, Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium / 79 Second University of Napoli, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 80 Seoul National University, Shilim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Republic of Korea / 81 Slovenian Fusion Association (SFA), Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia / 82 Space and Plasma Physics, EES, KTH SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden / 83 Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Bldg 309, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark / 84 The ‘Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 85 The National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania / 86 The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 87 The National Institute for Optoelectronics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 88 Troitsk Insitute of Innovating and Thermonuclear Research (TRINITI), Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russian Federation / 89 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China / 90 Unità Tecnica Fusione, ENEA C. R. Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy / 91 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain / 92 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain / 93 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain / 94 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Grupo I2A2, Madrid, Spain / 95 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Roma, Italy / 96 University College Cork (UCC), Ireland / 97 University Milano-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy / 98 University of Basilicata, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 99 University of California, 1111 Franklin St., Oakland, CA 94607, United States of America / 100 University of Cassino, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 101 University of Helsinki, PO Box 43, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland / 102 University of Innsbruck, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Innsbruck, Austria / 103 University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV 1586, Latvia / 104 University of Lorraine, CNRS, UMR7198, YIJL, Nancy, France / 105 University of Napoli ‘Federico II’, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 106 University of Napoli Parthenope, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 107 University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America / 108 University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan / 109 University of Tuscia, DEIM, Via del Paradiso 47, 01100 Viterbo, Italy / 110 University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom / 111 Vienna University of Technology, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Austria / 112 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland / 113 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, PO Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
Published: 2017

22. A Controllability Method for Maxwell's Equations

Author: T. Chaumont-Frelet, M. J. Grote, S. Lanteri, J. H. Tang, Modélisation et méthodes numériques pour le calcul d'interactions onde-matière nanostructurée (ATLANTIS), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Department of Computer Science (University of Basel), University of Basel (Unibas), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD)
Subjects: Computational Mathematics, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, time-harmonic scattering, Maxwell's equations, Applied Mathematics, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], exact controllability, Numerical Analysis (math.NA), Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], Analysis of PDEs (math.AP), discontinuous Galerkin
Abstract: International audience; We propose a controllability method for the numerical solution of time-harmonic Maxwell's equations in their first-order formulation. By minimizing a quadratic cost functional, which measures the deviation from periodicity, the controllability method determines iteratively a periodic solution in the time domain. At each conjugate gradient iteration, the gradient of the cost functional is simply computed by running any time-dependent simulation code forward and backward for one period, thus leading to a non-intrusive implementation easily integrated into existing software. Moreover, the proposed algorithm automatically inherits the parallelism, scalability, and low memory footprint of the underlying time-domain solver. Since the time-periodic solution obtained by minimization is not necessarily unique, we apply a cheap post-processing filtering procedure which recovers the time-harmonic solution from any minimizer. Finally, we present a series of numerical examples which show that our algorithm greatly speeds up the convergence towards the desired time-harmonic solution when compared to simply running the time-marching code until the time-harmonic regime is eventually reached.
Published: 2022

23. Evasion of Short Interfering RNA-Directed Antiviral Silencing in Musa acuminata Persistently Infected with Six Distinct Banana Streak Pararetroviruses

Author: Laurent Farinelli, Matthieu Chabannes, Mikhail M. Pooggin, Pierre-Olivier Duroy, Marie-Line Iskra-Caruana, Nathalie Laboureau, Rajendran Rajeswaran, Jonathan Seguin, Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Department of Biology, Fasteris SA, Biologie et Génétique des interactions Plantes-parasites pour la Protection Intégrée, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Bayer SAS, Swiss National Science Foundation : 31003A_143882/1, European Commission Marie Curie fellowship : PIIF-237493-SUPRA, European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action : FA0806, C09.0176, and CIRAD
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Small RNA, Transcription, Genetic, viruses, Musa acuminata, 01 natural sciences, Plant Viruses, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Multiplication végétative, Plant Immunity, RNA, Small Interfering, RNA-Directed DNA Methylation, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, food and beverages, Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression, RNA silencing, F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes, DNA methylation, RNA, Viral, Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, Immunology, Trans-acting siRNA, Genome, Viral, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Gene Silencing, mécanisme de défense, H20 - Maladies des plantes, Immune Evasion, Plant Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, RNA, Musa, Virus des végétaux, DNA Methylation, Retroviridae, Viral replication, chemistry, Insect Science, DNA, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Vegetatively propagated crop plants often suffer from infections with persistent RNA and DNA viruses. Such viruses appear to evade the plant defenses that normally restrict viral replication and spread. The major antiviral defense mechanism is based on RNA silencing generating viral short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that can potentially repress viral genes posttranscriptionally through RNA cleavage and transcriptionally through DNA cytosine methylation. Here we examined the RNA silencing machinery of banana plants persistently infected with six pararetroviruses after many years of vegetative propagation. Using deep sequencing, we reconstructed consensus master genomes of the viruses and characterized virus-derived and endogenous small RNAs. Consistent with the presence of endogenous siRNAs that can potentially establish and maintain DNA methylation, the banana genomic DNA was extensively methylated in both healthy and virus-infected plants. A novel class of abundant 20-nucleotide (nt) endogenous small RNAs with 5′-terminal guanosine was identified. In all virus-infected plants, 21- to 24-nt viral siRNAs accumulated at relatively high levels (up to 22% of the total small RNA population) and covered the entire circular viral DNA genomes in both orientations. The hotspots of 21-nt and 22-nt siRNAs occurred within open reading frame (ORF) I and II and the 5′ portion of ORF III, while 24-nt siRNAs were more evenly distributed along the viral genome. Despite the presence of abundant viral siRNAs of different size classes, the viral DNA was largely free of cytosine methylation. Thus, the virus is able to evade siRNA-directed DNA methylation and thereby avoid transcriptional silencing. This evasion of silencing likely contributes to the persistence of pararetroviruses in banana plants. IMPORTANCE We report that DNA pararetroviruses in Musa acuminata banana plants are able to evade DNA cytosine methylation and transcriptional gene silencing, despite being targeted by the host silencing machinery generating abundant 21- to 24-nucleotide short interfering RNAs. At the same time, the banana genomic DNA is extensively methylated in both healthy and virus-infected plants. Our findings shed light on the siRNA-generating gene silencing machinery of banana and provide a possible explanation why episomal pararetroviruses can persist in plants whereas true retroviruses with an obligatory genome-integration step in their replication cycle do not exist in plants.
Published: 2014

24. Muscle PGC-1α modulates satellite cell number and proliferation by remodeling the stem cell niche

Author: Arnaud Ferry, Christoph Handschin, Ivana Dinulovic, Markus Beer, Bettina Cardel, Regula Furrer, Biozentrum [Basel, Suisse], University of Basel (Unibas), Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Biozentrum, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies ( AFM-Téléthon ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), and HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Genetically modified mouse, Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle, Regulator, PGC-1α, Skeletal muscle, Biology, Extracellular matrix, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Satellite cells, Coactivator, medicine, Animals, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Stem Cell Niche, Receptor, Molecular Biology, Fibronectin, Cells, Cultured, Cell Proliferation, Basal lamina, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Research, Cell Biology, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha, Extracellular Matrix, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Satellite cell niche, Stem cell, Developmental biology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Background The myogenic capacity of satellite cells (SCs), adult muscle stem cells, is influenced by aging, exercise, and other factors. In skeletal muscle, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a key regulator of oxidative metabolism and endurance training adaptation. However, a link between PGC-1α and SC behavior remains unexplored. Methods We have now studied SC function in a PGC-1α fiber-specific gain-of-function animal model. Results In surprising contrast to bona fide exercise, muscle-specific PGC-1α transgenic mice have lower SC numbers. Nevertheless, SCs from these mice have a higher propensity for activation and proliferation. Intriguingly, muscle PGC-1α triggers a remodeling of the SC niche by altering the extracellular matrix composition, including the levels of fibronectin, which affects the proliferative output of SCs. Conclusions Taken together, PGC-1α indirectly affects SC plasticity in skeletal muscle and thereby might contribute to improved SC activation in exercise. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-016-0111-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2016

25. Affine Surfaces With a Huge Group of Automorphisms

Author: Jérémy Blanc, Adrien Dubouloz, Mathematisches Institut, Universität Basel, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( IMB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Swiss National Science Foundation grant no PP00P2\_128422 /1. ANR Grant 'BirPol' ANR-11-JS01-004-01, PHC Grant Germaine de Staël 26470XE., University of Basel (Unibas), Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] (IMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)
Subjects: Normal subgroup, rational fibrations, automorphisms, Group (mathematics), General Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, Automorphism, 01 natural sciences, [ MATH.MATH-AG ] Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Combinatorics, Mathematics::Logic, Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics::Group Theory, 0103 physical sciences, Free group, Countable set, Uncountable set, [MATH.MATH-AG]Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], 010307 mathematical physics, 0101 mathematics, Algebraic number, 14R25, 14R20, 14R05, 14E05, affine surfaces, Quotient, Mathematics
Abstract: We describe a family of rational affine surfaces S with huge groups of automorphisms in the following sense: the normal subgroup Aut(S)alg of Aut(S) generated by all algebraic subgroups of Aut(S) is not generated by any countable family of such subgroups, and the quotient Aut(S)/Aut(S)alg cointains a free group over an uncountable set of generators.
Published: 2013

26. Biotrophic transportome in mutualistic plant–fungal interactions

Author: Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, Aude Migeon, Sabine Zimmermann, Joan Doidy, Amandine Delteil, Kevin Garcia, Nassima Ait Lahmidi, Maryse Charbonnier, Claire Veneault-Fourrey, Claude Plassard, Annick Brun, Daniel Wipf, Laurent Bonneau, Leonardo Casieri, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes ( IAM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Botanical Institute-University of Basel ( Unibas ), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes ( BPMP ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes ( Eco&Sols ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), University of Basel (Unibas)-Botanical Institute, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR TRANSMUT [ANR-10-BLAN-1604-0], Burgundy Regional Council (PARI Agrale 8), Universite Franco Italienne/Universita Italo Francese, Swiss National Science Foundation [PZ00P3_136651], ANR-10-BLAN-1604,TRANSMUT,Rôle du transportome aux interfaces biotrophes des interactions mutualistes plantes-champignons.(2010), University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Development, Biomass, Context (language use), Plant Science, Fungus, 01 natural sciences, mycorrhizal interactions, membrane transporters, 03 medical and health sciences, Nutrient, Symbiosis, arbuscular mycorrhiza, plant-fungus interactions, biomass production, Botany, Genetics, Mycorrhiza, Molecular Biology, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, exchange in biotrophic, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, namely ecto mycorrhiza, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], biology, Ecology, nutrient, fungi, Fungi, Membrane Transporters, General Medicine, Plants, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, carbon allocation, biotrophic interfaces, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the mechanisms that underlie nutrient use efficiency and carbon allocation along with mycorrhizal interactions is critical for managing croplands and forests soundly. Indeed, nutrient availability, uptake and exchange in biotrophic interactions drive plant growth and modulate biomass allocation. These parameters are crucial for plant yield, a major issue in the context of high biomass production. Transport processes across the polarized membrane interfaces are of major importance in the functioning of the established mycorrhizal association as the symbiotic relationship is based on a 'fair trade' between the fungus and the host plant. Nutrient and/or metabolite uptake and exchanges, at biotrophic interfaces, are controlled by membrane transporters whose regulation patterns are essential for determining the outcome of plant-fungus interactions and adapting to changes in soil nutrient quantity and/or quality. In the present review, we summarize the current state of the art regarding transport systems in the two major forms of mycorrhiza, namely ecto- and arbuscular mycorrhiza.
Published: 2013

27. Long-term exposure to airborne metals and risk of cancer in the French cohort Gazel

Author: Lequy, E., Leblond, S., Siemiatycki, J., Meyer, C., Vienneau, D., de Hoogh, K., Zins, M., Goldberg, M., Jacquemin, B., Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and This study was funded by the Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer (OCAPOL, CANCAIR-201501234). The authors thank the French Agency for Environment and Energy Management (ADEME) for funding the BRAMM network.
Subjects: Gazel cohort, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Survival analysis, Moss biomonitoring, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, General Environmental Science, Arsenic, Cadmium
Abstract: International audience; Background: The specific compounds that make ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) carcinogen remain poorly identified. Some metals contribute to ambient PM2.5 and possibly to its adverse effects. But the challenge of assessing exposure to airborne metals limits epidemiological studies.Objective: To analyze the relationships between several airborne metals and risk of cancer in a large population.Methods: We estimated the individual exposure to 12 airborne metals of ∼ 12,000 semi-urban and rural participants of the French population-based Gazel cohort using moss biomonitoring data from a 20-year national program. We used principal component analyses (PCA) to derive groups of metals, and focused on six single carcinogenic or toxic metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, and vanadium). We used extended Cox models with attained age as time-scale and time-varying weighted average exposures, adjusted for individual and area-level covariables, to analyze the association between each exposure and all-site combined, bladder, lung, breast, and prostate cancer incidence.Results: We identified 2,401 cases of all-site cancer between 2001 and 2015. Over the follow-up, median exposures varied from 0.22 (interquartile range (IQR): 0.18-0.28) to 8.68 (IQR: 6.62-11.79) µg.g-1 of dried moss for cadmium and lead, respectively. The PCA yielded three groups identified as "anthropogenic", "crustal", and "marine". Models yielded positive associations between most single and groups of metal and all-site cancer, with e.g. hazard ratios of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.13) for cadmium or 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02,1.10) for lead, per interquartile range increase. These findings were consistent across supplementary analyses, albeit attenuated when accounting for total PM2.5. Regarding specific site cancers, we estimated positive associations mostly for bladder, and generally with large confidence intervals.Conclusion: Most single and groups of airborne metals, except vanadium, were associated with risk of cancer. These findings may help identify sources or components of PM2.5 that may be involved in its carcinogenicity.
Published: 2023

28. The Role of Research Infrastructures in the Research Assessment Reform: A DARIAH Position Paper

Author: Tasovac, Toma, Romary, Laurent, Tóth-Czifra, Erzsébet, Ackermann, Rahel C., Alves, Daniel, Chambers, Sally, Cosgrave, Mike, Denoyelle, Martine, Garnett, Vicky, Gautschy, Rita, Gray, Edward, Malínek, Vojtěch, di Meo, Carmen, Perkis, Andrew, Reinsone, Sanita, Rißler-Pipka, Nanette, Scharnhorst, Andrea, Viola, Lorella, Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities (DARIAH), Belgrade Center for Digital Humanities (BCDH), Direction de la Culture et de l’Information Scientifiques (DCIS), Inria Siège, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Inventar der Fundmünzen der Schweiz (IFS), Schweizerische Akademie der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften (SAGW), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), University College Cork (UCC), Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art (INHA), INHA, University of Basel (Unibas), Institute of Czech Literature (ÚČL AVČR), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Istituto Opera del Vocabolario Italiano (OVI-CNR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institute of Literature, Folklore and Art of the University of Latvia (ILFA), Max Weber Stiftung - Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland, and Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C2DH)
Subjects: arts and humanities, Research infrastructures, Research Assessment, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: Research assessment reform is crucial for the social sustainability of research infrastructures (RIs): RIs can only thrive in the long term if the researchers who contribute to their development and growth receive academic credit for the kind of work they do in and around research infrastructures. To put it bluntly, research infrastructures have a vested interest in supporting the reform of research assessment. But, conversely, ongoing attempts to reform research assessment can also benefit from the work of research infrastructures because RIs have a great deal of experience creating and maintaining public services for producing, curating and harvesting both traditional and non-traditional academic outputs. The goal of this paper is to outline DARIAH’s position on the importance of research assessment reform for thematic RIs and the importance of thematic RIs for research assessment reform at the European level.
Published: 2023

29. Enhanced T helper 1 and 2 cytokine responses at birth associate with lower risk of middle ear infections in infancy

Author: Bergroth, Eija, Roponen, Marjut, Karvonen, Anne M, Keski-Nisula, Leea, Remes, Sami, Riedler, Josef, Roduit, Caroline, Dalphin, Jean-Charles, Kaulek, Vincent, Loss, Georg J, Lauener, Roger, Hirvonen, Maija-Riitta, Genuneit, Jon, Schmaußer-Hechfellner, Elisabeth, Renz, Harald, Pfefferle, Petra I, Krauss-Etschmann, Susanne, Schaub, Bianca, von Mutius, Erika, Pekkanen, Juha, PASTURE Study Group, Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Kardinal Schwarzenberg’sches Krankenhaus, Children's Hospital, University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Christine Kühne – Centre for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), University of Basel (Unibas), Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Institute of Epidemiology, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Research Center for Lung Research, Großhadern, Germany, University of Munich, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Christine Kühne – Centre for Allergy Research and Education ( CK-CARE ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, University of Basel ( Unibas ), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ( VTT ), Universität Ulm, University of Zurich, and Bergroth, Eija
Subjects: Rural Population, Allergy, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Ear, Middle, 610 Medicine & health, Lower risk, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Th2 Cells, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, 2735 Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Respiratory Tract Infections, Cells, Cultured, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 2403 Immunology, Respiratory tract infections, business.industry, Ionomycin, Immunity, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Th1 Cells, medicine.disease, Fetal Blood, 3. Good health, Europe, 030228 respiratory system, 10036 Medical Clinic, Cord blood, Relative risk, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, Population study, Cytokines, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate, business, Cohort study
Abstract: International audience; Respiratory tract infectious symptoms and illnesses are frequent during early childhood, but their risk factors, including the effect of early immune regulation, are less known. Aim of the study was to analyse whether stimulated cord blood cytokine production is associated with the frequency of respiratory tract infectious symptoms or infections during the first year of life. The study population consisted of children of mothers from farm or non-farm rural environment from Austria, Finland, Germany and Switzerland who participated in a prospective birth cohort study (PASTURE: Protection against Allergy - study in Rural Environments) (N=550). Cord blood samples were stimulated with the combination of phorbol ester and ionomycin (P/I) for 24 hours and the production of IL-5, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ was determined by using ELISA. Information about infectious morbidity was collected using weekly diaries. P/I stimulated production of IL-5 (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for ≤median production, 0.37; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.25-0.55, aRR for >median production, 0.41; 95%CI, 0.27-0.61 vs. production median production, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.25-0.62 vs. production
Published: 2016

30. Assembling of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core

Author: Júlia Zemanová, Shiva K. Angala, Qian Gao, Mohamed Chami, Cecile Petit, Célia de Sousa-d'Auria, Qinglan Wang, Victoria Jones, Donald R. Ronning, Patrick J. Brennan, Juan Manuel Belardinelli, Anna E. Grzegorzewicz, Michael R. McNeil, Yoshimasa Ishizaki, Mary Jackson, Emilie Huc-Claustre, Katarína Mikušová, Christine Houssin, Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Moléculaire des Corynébactéries et Mycobactéries (CORYNE), Département Microbiologie (Dpt Microbio), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum [Basel, Suisse], University of Basel (Unibas)-University of Basel (Unibas), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie Moléculaire des Corynébactéries et Mycobactéries ( CORYNE ), Département Microbiologie ( Dpt Microbio ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH-1, 84215 Bratislava, and Biozentrum - University of Basel
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices, cryo-electron microscopy, Biology, peptidoglycan, outer membrane, Galactans, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Cell wall, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bacterial Proteins, Arabinogalactan, Molecular Biology, Teichoic acid, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], ligase, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Teichoic Acids, arabinogalactan, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, polysaccharide, cell wall, Peptidoglycan, Cell envelope, Bacterial outer membrane
Abstract: International audience; The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. We here report on the identification of the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CpsA1 (Rv3267) and CpsA2 (Rv3484), responsible for this function. CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. Although individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis were readily obtained, the combined inactivation of both genes appears to be lethal. In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. This work marks an important step in our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria and opens new opportunities for drug development.
Published: 2016

31. Nocardia Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Multicenter European Case-control Study

Author: Coussement, J., Lebeaux, D., Delden, C. van, Guillot, H., Freund, R., Marbus, S., Melica, G., Wijngaerden, E. van, Douvry, B., Laecke, S. van, Vuotto, F., Tricot, L., Fernandez-Ruiz, M., Dantal, J., Hirzel, C., Jais, J.P., Rodriguez-Nava, V., Lortholary, O., Jacobs, F., European Study Grp Nocardia Solid, Department Infections Diseases, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Centre Infectiologie, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Transplantation Infection Disease Unity, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Swiss Transplant Cohort Study, University of Basel (Unibas), Service Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP - HP), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Biostatistique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Medical Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University, Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses, Hopital Henri Mondor (APHP), Département Génétique Internal Médecine, Hôpital Universitaire Leuven, Service Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Renal Division, Freiburg University Medical Center, Unité Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service Néphrologie Transplantation Rénale, Unit Infectious Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Institut Transplantation Urologie et Néphrologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Swiss Transplantation Cohort Study, Department Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Bern, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centrer Infectiologie, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg (GU), Societe de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Francaise, Prix Fonds Carine Vyghen pour le don d'organes, Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss University Hospitals (G15) and transplant centers, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Universiteit Leiden, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Universitäts Klinikum Freiburg = University Medical Center Freiburg (Uniklinik), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris ( AP-HP ), Institut Imagine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève ( HUG ), University of Basel ( Unibas ), Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris ( AP - HP ), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Hopital Henri Mondor ( APHP ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille ( CHRU de Lille ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), and University of Gothenburg ( GU )
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Opportunistic infection, opportunistic infection, greffe d'organe, Transplants, organ transplant, Organ transplantation, Nocardia, Risk Factors, [ SDV.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Medicine, ddc:616, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, ddc:618, [ SDV.MHEP.ME ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Nocardiosis, Middle Aged, opportunistic infections, 3. Good health, Europe, Infectious Diseases, nocardiaceae, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, Nocardia Infections, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Calcineurin Inhibitors, 030106 microbiology, 610 Medicine & health, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, nocardiosis, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Transplant Recipients, infection, Tacrolimus, Transplantation, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies, business
Abstract: Background. Nocardiosis is a rare, life-threatening opportunistic infection, affecting 0.04% to 3.5% of patients after solid organ transplant (SOT). The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for Nocardia infection after SOT and to describe the presentation of nocardiosis in these patients.Methods. We performed a retrospective case-control study of adult patients diagnosed with nocardiosis after SOT between 2000 and 2014 in 36 European (France, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Spain) centers. Two control subjects per case were matched by institution, transplant date, and transplanted organ. A multivariable analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression to identify risk factors for nocardiosis.Results. One hundred and seventeen cases of nocardiosis and 234 control patients were included. Nocardiosis occurred at a median of 17.5 (range, 2-244) months after transplant. In multivariable analysis, high calcineurin inhibitor trough levels in the month before diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 6.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.58-14.51), use of tacrolimus (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.17-6.00) and corticosteroid dose (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.22) at the time of diagnosis, patient age (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07), and length of stay in the intensive care unit after SOT (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.09) were independently associated with development of nocardiosis; low-dose cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was not found to prevent nocardiosis. Nocardia farcinica was more frequently associated with brain, skin, and subcutaneous tissue infections than were other Nocardia species. Among the 30 cases with central nervous system nocardiosis, 13 (43.3%) had no neurological symptoms.Conclusions. We identified 5 risk factors for nocardiosis after SOT. Low-dose cotrimoxazole was not found to prevent Nocardia infection. These findings may help improve management of transplant recipients.
Published: 2016

32. IL-33 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of hay fever and reduced regulatory T cells in a birth cohort

Author: Jean-Charles Dalphin, Andreas Böck, Jon Genuneit, Sabina Illi, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Sven Michel, Josef Riedler, Dominique A. Vuitton, Erika von Mutius, Marjut Roponen, Juha Pekkanen, Maximilian Schieck, P. C. Schröder, Bianca Schaub, Juliane Weber, Remo Frei, Roger Lauener, Vera Isabel Casaca, Caroline Roduit, Petra Ina Pfefferle, Anna Lluis, Michael Kabesch, Université de Montpellier (UM), Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Children's Hospital, University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Christine Kühne – Centre for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Institute of Epidemiology, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), University of Basel (Unibas), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], Kardinal Schwarzenberg’sches Krankenhaus, Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Munich, University of Zurich, Schaub, Bianca, Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Christine Kühne – Centre for Allergy Research and Education ( CK-CARE ), Universität Ulm, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Risk, Allergy, Genotype, Immunology, IL1RL1, 610 Medicine & health, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Allergic inflammation, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Frequency, 10183 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Germany, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, IL-2 receptor, 2735 Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Allele, Child, Cells, Cultured, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 2403 Immunology, business.industry, FOXP3, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Forkhead Transcription Factors, medicine.disease, Interleukin-33, 3. Good health, Minor allele frequency, 030104 developmental biology, Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein, 10036 Medical Clinic, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, Hay fever, Female, business
Abstract: Background: IL-33 polymorphisms influence the susceptibility to asthma. IL-33 indirectly induces Th2-immune responses via dendritic cell activation, being important for development of atopic diseases. Furthermore, IL-33 upregulates regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are critical for healthy immune homeostasis. This study investigates associations between IL-33 polymorphisms during the development of childhood atopic diseases and underlying mechanisms including immune regulation of Tregs. Methods: Genotyping of IL-33-polymorphisms (rs928413, rs1342326) was performed by MALDI-TOF-MS in 880 of 1133 PASTURE/EFRAIM children. In 4.5-year-old German PASTURE/EFRAIM children (n = 99), CD4(+) CD25(high)FOXP3(+) Tregs were assessed by flow cytometry following 24-h incubation of PBMCs with PMA/ionomycin, LPS or without stimuli (U). SOCS3, IL1RL1, TLR4 mRNA expression and sST2 protein levels ex vivo were measured in PASTURE/EFRAIM children by real-time PCR or ELISA, respectively. Health outcomes (hay fever, asthma) were assessed by questionnaires at the age of 6 years. Results: rs928413 and rs1342326 were positively associated with hay fever (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.02-3.08;OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.04-3.11) and CD4(+) CD25(high)FOXP3(+) Tregs (%) decreased in minor allele homozygotes/heterozygotes compared to major allele homozygotes (p(U) = 0.004;p(LPS) = 0.005;p(U) = 0.001;p(LPS) = 0.012). SOCS3 mRNA expression increased in minor allele homozygotes and heterozygotes compared with major allele homozygotes for both IL-33-polymorphisms (p (rs928413) = 0.032, p(rs1342326) = 0.019) and negatively correlated to Tregs. Conclusions: IL-33-polymorphisms rs928413 and rs1342326 may account for an increased risk of hay fever with the age of 6 years. Lower Tregs and increased SOCS3 in combined heterozygotes and minor allele homozygotes may be relevant for hay fever development, pointing towards dysbalanced immune regulation and insufficient control of allergic inflammation.
Published: 2016

33. GABAB receptor cell surface export is controlled by an endoplasmic reticulum gatekeeper

Author: Michèle Darmon, Robert Gardette, Gabriel Gäta, Liliana Pardo-López, Lamia Achour, Seung-Kwon Yang, Stefano Marullo, M.B. Emerit, Stéphane Doly, Vincent Armand, Manuel Mameli, Hamasseh Shirvani, Hervé Enslen, Bernhard Bettler, Martin Gassmann, Bruno Giros, Frank J. Meye, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Fer à Moulin, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Psychiatrie, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale Douglas, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel (Unibas), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Transduction du Signal et Plasticite Dans Le Systeme Nerveux, Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie, University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2 ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), [Institut Cochin] Département Endocrinologie, métabolisme, diabète (EMD) (EMD), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), Bos, Mireille, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Neurobiologie de l'apprentissage, de la mémoire et de la communication (NAMC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), McGill University-Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale Douglas, and University of Basel ( Unibas )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Protein subunit, Cell, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, GABAB receptor, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Article, Cell Line, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Amino Acid Sequence, Receptor, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, G protein-coupled receptor, Mice, Knockout, Endoplasmic reticulum, Cell Membrane, HEK 293 cells, Membrane Proteins, Transmembrane protein, Cell biology, Protein Subunits, Psychiatry and Mental health, HEK293 Cells, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Receptors, GABA-B, Biochemistry, Protein Multimerization, Carrier Proteins
Abstract: International audience; Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) release and cell-surface export of many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are tightly regulated. For gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptors of GABA, the major mammalian inhibitory neurotransmitter, the ligand-binding GB1 subunit is maintained in the ER by unknown mechanisms in the absence of hetero-dimerization with the GB2 subunit. We report that GB1 retention is regulated by a specific gatekeeper, PRAF2. This ER resident transmembrane protein binds to GB1, preventing its progression in the biosynthetic pathway. GB1 release occurs upon competitive displacement from PRAF2 by GB2. PRAF2 concentration, relative to that of GB1 and GB2, tightly controls cell-surface receptor density and controls GABA B function in neurons. Experimental perturbation of PRAF2 levels in vivo caused marked hyperactivity disorders in mice. These data reveal an unanticipated major impact of specific ER gatekeepers on GPCR function and identify PRAF2 as a new molecular target with therapeutic potential for psychiatric and neurological diseases involving GABA B function.
Published: 2016

34. Glass-LikeMembrane Protein Diffusion in a Crowded Membrane

Author: Munguira, Ignacio, Casuso, Ignacio, Takahashi, Hirohide, Rico, Felix, Chami, Mohamed, Scheuring, Simon, BIO-AFM-LAB Bio Atomic Force Microscopy Laboratory (Bio-AFM-Lab), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum [Basel, Suisse], University of Basel (Unibas)-University of Basel (Unibas), ANR-11-IDEX-0001-0, ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), European Project: 310080,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111109,MEM-STRUCT-AFM(2013), Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire U1006, INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, and The Structure and Assembly of Membrane Proteins in Native Membranes studied by AFM - MEM-STRUCT-AFM - - EC:FP7:ERC2013-01-01 - 2017-12-31 - 310080 - VALID
Subjects: anomalous di ff usion, membrane domains, high-speed atomic force microscopy, membrane dynamics, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, glass − glass transition, single molecule
Abstract: International audience; Many functions of the plasma membrane depend critically on its structure and 17 dynamics. Observation of anomalous diffusion in vivo and in vitro using fluorescence 18 microscopy and single particle tracking has advanced our concept of the membrane 19 froma homogeneous fluid bilayer with freely diffusing proteinsto a highly organized 20 crowded and clustered mosaicof lipidsand proteins. Unfortunately, anomalous 21 diffusion could not be related to local molecular details given the lack of direct and 22 unlabeled molecular observation capabilities. Here, we use high-speed atomic force 23 microscopy and a novel analysis methodology to analyze the pore forming protein 24 lysenin in a highly crowded environment and document coexistence of several 25 diffusion regimes within one membrane. We show the formation of local glassy 26 phases, where proteins are trapped in neighbor-formed cages for time scales up to 27 10 seconds, which had not been previously experimentally reported for biological 28 membranes. Furthermore, around solid-like patches and immobile molecules a 29 slower glass phase is detected leading to protein trapping and creating a perimeter 30 of decreased membrane diffusion. 31 32
Published: 2016

35. Viral protein suppresses oxidative burst and salicylic acid-dependent autophagy and facilitates bacterial growth on virus-infected plants

Author: Thomas Boller, Anna S. Zvereva, Mikhail M. Pooggin, Lyubov A. Ryabova, Victor Golyaev, Mikhail Schepetilnikov, Ola Srour, Silvia Turco, Ekaterina G. Gubaeva, Rajendran Rajeswaran, Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Swiss National Science Foundation : 31003A_143882, Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship, and University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, target-of-rapamycin, Physiology, Secondary infection, Arabidopsis, Pseudomonas syringae, Plant Science, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral Proteins, Protein Domains, Caulimovirus, Plant defense against herbivory, Autophagy, Gene silencing, salicylic acid (SA), Gene Silencing, oxidative burst, innate immunity, effector protein, Plant Diseases, Respiratory Burst, Sequence Deletion, Innate immune system, biology, Effector, Arabidopsis Proteins, fungi, food and beverages, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Immunity, Innate, Cell biology, RNA silencing, 030104 developmental biology, cauliflower mosaic virus, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Cauliflower mosaic virus, Salicylic Acid
Abstract: International audience; Virus interactions with plant silencing and innate immunity pathways can potentially alter the susceptibility of virus-infected plants to secondary infections with nonviral pathogens. We found that Arabidopsis plants infected with Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) or transgenic for CaMV silencing suppressor P6 exhibit increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and allow robust growth of the Pst mutant hrcC-, which cannot deploy effectors to suppress innate immunity. The impaired antibacterial defense correlated with the suppressed oxidative burst, reduced accumulation of the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) and diminished SA-dependent autophagy. The viral protein domain required for suppression of these plant defense responses is dispensable for silencing suppression but essential for binding and activation of the plant target-of-rapamycin (TOR) kinase which, in its active state, blocks cellular autophagy and promotes CaMV translation. Our findings imply that CaMV P6 is a versatile viral effector suppressing both silencing and innate immunity. P6-mediated suppression of oxidative burst and SA-dependent autophagy may predispose CaMV-infected plants to bacterial infection.
Published: 2016

36. ω-3 fatty acids contribute to the asthma-protective effect of unprocessed cow's milk

Author: Brick, Tabea, Schober, Yvonne, Böcking, Christian, Pekkanen, Juha, Genuneit, Jon, Loss, Georg, Dalphin, Jean-Charles, Riedler, Josef, Lauener, Roger, Nockher, Wolfgang Andreas, Renz, Harald, Vaarala, Outi, Braun-Fahrländer, Charlotte, Von Mutius, Erika, Ege, Markus Johannes, Pfefferle, Petra Ina, Institute of Epidemiology, Universität Ulm, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Kardinal Schwarzenberg’sches Krankenhaus, University of Munich, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), University of Basel (Unibas), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, food and beverages, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health
Abstract: International audience; Living on a farm has repeatedly been shown to protect children from asthma and allergies. A major factor involved in this effect is consumption of unprocessed cow's milk obtained directly from a farm. However, this phenomenon has never been shown in a longitudinal design, and the responsible milk components are still unknown. We sought to assess the asthma-protective effect of unprocessed cow's milk consumption in a birth cohort and to determine whether the differences in the fatty acid (FA) composition of unprocessed farm milk and industrially processed milk contributed to this effect. The Protection Against Allergy-Study in Rural Environments (PASTURE) study followed 1133 children living in rural areas in 5 European countries from birth to age 6 years. In 934 children milk consumption was assessed by using yearly questionnaires, and samples of the "usually" consumed milk and serum samples of the children were collected at age 4 years. Doctor-diagnosed asthma was parent reported at age 6 years. In a nested case-control study of 35 asthmatic and 49 nonasthmatic children, 42 FAs were quantified in milk samples. The risk of asthma at 6 years of age was reduced by previous consumption of unprocessed farm milk compared with shop milk (adjusted odds ratio for consumption at 4 years, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10-0.67). Part of the effect was explained by the higher fat content of farm milk, particularly the higher levels of ω-3 polyunsaturated FAs (adjusted odds ratio, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11-0.81). Continuous farm milk consumption in childhood protects against asthma at school age partially by means of higher intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated FAs, which are precursors of anti-inflammatory mediators.
Published: 2016

37. Central chronic apelin infusion decreases energy expenditure and thermogenesis in mice

Author: Anne Abot, Philippe Valet, Alexandre Lucas, Claude Knauf, Anne Drougard, Tereza Bautzova, Xavier Fioramonti, Audren Fournel, Alysson Marlin, Thibaut Duparc, Cedric Moro, Sophie Le-Gonidec, Patrice D. Cani, Etienne Meunier, Aurélie Batut, Jean Lesage, Katie Louche, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires ( I2MC ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Hôpital de Rangueil-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive - IRSD [Purpan, Toulouse], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital Purpan - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Environnement périnatal et croissance, Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology ( WELBIO ), Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Microbiota, Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Société Francaise de Nutrition (SFN), the Fondation Recherche Médicale (FRM) (Grant ING20150532586)the Societe Francophone du Diabète (Allocations Exceptionnelles 2016), ANR-12-JSV1-0010,DYNAMISE,Impact de la dynamique des gouttelettes lipidiques dans le muscle squelettique sur le métabolisme oxydatif et la sensibilité à l’insuline ( 2012 ), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics (MPI-IE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Basel (Unibas), Environnement périnatal et croissance - EA 4489 (EPS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology [Liège] (WELBIO), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANR-12-JSV1-0010,DYNAMISE,Impact de la dynamique des gouttelettes lipidiques dans le muscle squelettique sur le métabolisme oxydatif et la sensibilité à l'insuline(2012), UCL - SSS/LDRI - Louvain Drug Research Institute, université de Bourgogne, CSGA, Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs - Impact de la dynamique des gouttelettes lipidiques dans le muscle squelettique sur le métabolisme oxydatif et la sensibilité à l'insuline - - DYNAMISE2012 - ANR-12-JSV1-0010 - JC - VALID, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANR-12-JSV1-0010,DYNAMISE,Impact de la dynamique des gouttelettes lipidiques dans le muscle squelettique sur le métabolisme oxydatif et la sensibilité à l’insuline(2012), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cani, Patrice D., and Knauf, Claude
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Interleukin-1beta, Gene Expression, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Adipose tissue, adipose-tissue, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Brown adipose tissue, circadian clock, Glucose homeostasis, Uncoupling Protein 1, PRDM16, [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Multidisciplinary, brown fat, Thermogenesis, Type 2 diabetes, food-intake, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [ SDV.MHEP.EM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha, Thermogenin, 3. Good health, Apelin, DNA-Binding Proteins, Infusions, Intraventricular, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hypothalamus, [ SDV.NEU.NB ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Alimentation et Nutrition, medicine.medical_specialty, Biology, diabetic mice, signaling controls, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Food and Nutrition, gut microbiota, insulin-resistant mice, Neurosciences, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, ddc:616.8, metabolic-disorders, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Neurons and Cognition, glucose-homeostasis, Energy Metabolism, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Apelin is a bioactive peptide involved in the control of energy metabolism. In the hypothalamus, chronic exposure to high levels of apelin is associated with an increase in hepatic glucose production, and then contributes to the onset of type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms behind deleterious effects of chronic apelin in the brain and consequences on energy expenditure and thermogenesis are currently unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of apelin in normal mice on hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression, energy expenditure, thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue functions. We have shown that chronic icv infusion of apelin increases the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the hypothalamus associated with an increase in plasma interleukin-1 beta. In parallel, mice infused with icv apelin exhibit a significant lower energy expenditure coupled to a decrease in PGC1alpha, PRDM16 and UCP1 expression in brown adipose tissue which could explain the alteration of thermogenesis in these mice. These data provide compelling evidence that central apelin contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes by altering energy expenditure, thermogenesis and fat browning.
Published: 2016

38. Sugar exchanges in arbuscular mycorrhiza: RiMST5 and RiMST6, two novel Rhizophagus irregularis monosaccharide transporters, are involved in both sugar uptake from the soil and from the plant partner

Author: Christine Arnould, Nassima Ait Lahmidi, Odile Chatagnier, Daniel Wipf, Laurent Bonneau, Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, Daphnée Brulé, Joan Doidy, Guido Lingua, Graziella Berta, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), and Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Rhizophagus irregularis, Light, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, 01 natural sciences, rhizophagus irregularis, Glomeromycota, Soil, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Mycorrhizae, Medicago, Phylogeny, 2. Zero hunger, Mutualism (biology), Fungal protein, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, glucose specific, Monosaccharides, food and beverages, high affinity H+ co-transporter, high affinity transporter, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Biochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biology, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Symbiosis, Stress, Physiological, Botany, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, RNA, Messenger, Obligate, Cell Membrane, Genetic Complementation Test, fungi, MST5, MST6, Membrane Transport Proteins, 15. Life on land, monosaccharide transporter, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Glucose, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: SPE IPM INRA UB CT1; International audience; Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are associated with about 80% of land plants. AM fungi provide inorganic nutrients to plants and in return up to 20% of the plant-fixed CO2 is transferred to the fungal symbionts. Since AM fungi are obligate biotrophs, unraveling how sugars are provided to the fungus partner is a key for understanding the functioning of the symbiosis. In this study, we identified two new monosaccharide transporters from Rhizophagus irregularis (RiMST5 and RiMST6) that we characterized as functional high affinity monosaccharide transporters. RiMST6 was characterized as a glucose specific, high affinity H(+) co-transporter. We provide experimental support for a primary role of both RiMST5 and RiMST6 in sugar uptake directly from the soil. The expression patterns of RiMSTs in response to partial light deprivation and to interaction with different host plants were investigated. Expression of genes coding for RiMSTs was transiently enhanced after 48h of shading and was unambiguously dependent on the host plant species. These results cast doubt on the 'fair trade' principle under carbon-limiting conditions. Therefore, in light of these findings, the possible mechanisms involved in the modulation between mutualism and parasitism in plant-AM fungus interactions are discussed. Copyright 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016

39. Remarks on the degree growth of birational transformations

Author: Christian Urech, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Guillemer, Marie-Annick, University of Basel (Unibas), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Pure mathematics, Endomorphism, Degree (graph theory), General Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, 14E07 (Primary), 37P05, 32H50 (Secondary), [MATH.MATH-AG] Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Dynamical Systems (math.DS), 01 natural sciences, [ MATH.MATH-AG ] Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Set (abstract data type), Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Iterated function, FOS: Mathematics, Affine space, 14E07, 37P05, 32H50, Countable set, [MATH.MATH-AG]Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], 0101 mathematics, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, Algebraic Geometry (math.AG), Mathematics
Abstract: We look at sequences of positive integers that can be realized as degree sequences of iterates of rational dominant maps of smooth projective varieties over arbitrary fields. New constraints on the degree growth of endomorphisms of the affine space and examples of degree sequences are displayed. We also show that the set of all degree sequences of rational maps is countable; this generalizes a result of Bonifant and Fornaess., 12 pages
Published: 2016

40. The transportome of mycorrhizal systems

Author: Sabine Zimmermann, Joan Doidy, Kevin Garcia, Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, Daniel Wipf, Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel ( Unibas ), New York University, University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes ( BPMP ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of Basel (Unibas), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Martin, Francis, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, symbiose endomycorhizienne, membrane transport, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Nutrient, dépendance mycorhizienne, Symbiosis, Mycorrhizal fungi, Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, système de transport cellulaire, plant mineral nutrition, adaptation des plantes, Beneficial effects, 2. Zero hunger, fungi, food and beverages, ecto- and endomycorrhizal partners, mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal symbioses, 030104 developmental biology, absorption racinaire, plant-microorganism interactions, fixation symbiotique d'azote, carbon substrates, root absorption, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Chapitre 14; Nutrient uptake from soil and exchanges between fungal and plant partners forming mycorrhizal symbioses present a mean feature among the beneficial effects of these mutualistic relationships. Improved plant mineral nutrition through the fungal partner was first described a long time ago; in return, the plant delivers carbon substrates to the fungal partner. The first transport systems involved in plant-microorganism interactions in plants and fungi were also identified years ago. Within this chapter, recent knowledge concerning mycorrhizal nutrient exchanges and the involved molecular players in membrane transport of the ecto- and endomycorrhizal partners will be presented. First, transport of sugars from plants towards mycorrhizal fungi is summarized. Then, uptake and exchange of main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate, sulfate, potassium, and water by the symbiotic partners will be reviewed.
Published: 2016

41. Investigation of the thin film crystallization of a DNA copolymer hybrid composed of chitosan

Author: Safir, Ilyes, Chami, Mohamed, Buergi, Thomas, Nardin, Corinne, Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum [Basel, Suisse], University of Basel (Unibas)-University of Basel (Unibas), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and The Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF PPOP2-153025) University of Geneva
Subjects: crystallization, DNA copolymer, ddc:540, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, self-assembly, chitosan, thin ﬁlm
Abstract: We describe for the first time the crystallization in thin films of a DNA copolymer composed of a low molecular weight chitosan backbone to which a sequence of nucleic acids is grafted (chitosan-g-ssDNA). As assessed by atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy and spectroscopy, crystallization occurs due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding in which the nucleic acid strands engage. The morphology of the crystals depends on the affinity for the surface of the polymer segments that compose the DNA copolymer hybrid. The nucleic acids adsorb on mica and silica on which side-branched structures are observed whereas chitosan interacts preferentially with gold, and dendritic crystals are assembled. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy supports the high ordering of the structure and the establishment of strong intermolecular interactions by hydrogen bonding.
Published: 2016

42. A Single Amino Acid Substitution Changes the Self-Assembly Status of a Type IV Piliation Secretin

Author: Mohamed Chami, Anthony P. Pugsley, Nicholas N. Nickerson, Eduardo P. C. Rocha, Sophie S. Abby, Génétique Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique évolutive des Microbes / Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum [Basel, Suisse], University of Basel (Unibas)-University of Basel (Unibas), This work was supported in part by grants ANR-05-0307-01 and ANR-09-BLAN-0291. N.N.N. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Canadian Louis Pasteur Foundation during part of this work., ANR-09-BLAN-0291,Secretin(2009), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Inovirus, medicine.disease_cause, digestive system, Microbiology, Insert (molecular biology), 03 medical and health sciences, fluids and secretions, Secretin, Extracellular, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Secretion, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Bacteria, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, biology, 030306 microbiology, Articles, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], digestive system diseases, In vitro, Amino Acid Substitution, Filamentous bacteriophage, Biochemistry, Liposomes, Mutant Proteins, Fimbriae Proteins, Protein Multimerization, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Function (biology)
Abstract: Secretins form large multimeric complexes in the outer membranes of many Gram-negative bacteria, where they function as dedicated gateways that allow proteins to access the extracellular environment. Despite their overall relatedness, different secretins use different specific and general mechanisms for their targeting, assembly, and membrane insertion. We report that all tested secretins from several type II secretion systems and from the filamentous bacteriophage f1 can spontaneously multimerize and insert into liposomes in anin vitrotranscription-translation system. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that these secretins form a group distinct from the secretins of the type IV piliation and type III secretion systems, which do not autoassemblein vitro. A mutation causing a proline-to-leucine substitution allowed PilQ secretins from two different type IV piliation systems to assemblein vitro, albeit with very low efficiency, suggesting that autoassembly is an inherent property of all secretins.
Published: 2012

43. Climatic and tectonic controls on the development of the River Ognon terrace system (eastern France)

Author: Olivier Fabbri, Franck Preusser, Herfried Madritsch, Institute of Geology and Paleontology, University of Basel (Unibas), NAGRA, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Basel ( Unibas ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pleistocene, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drainage basin, Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Vosges, River terraces, tectonics, Glacial period, Ognon, climate, Geomorphology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Heavy mineral, [ SDU.STU.TE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Collision zone, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Tectonics, Terrace (geology), 13. Climate action, optically stimulated luminescence, Geology
Abstract: The River Ognon in eastern France is the principal drainage of the southwestern Vosges Mountains. Its lowermost valley reach is oriented parallel to the northwestern front of the Alpine collision zone and is characterized by a well-developed terrace system. Geomorphological, sedimentological, and geochronological analyses were performed on this terrace system and associated deposits. The results allow for reconstructing the Pleistocene evolution of the river valley and for concluding on the processes that led to the formation of the terrace system. The lithological characterization of the terrace deposits by means of heavy mineral analyses indicates pronounced modifications of the river's drainage area. Optically stimulated luminescence dating suggests that the last significant catchment modification and associated sediment accumulation correlates with the last glacial advance in the Vosges Mountains. Despite the apparently strong impact of climatic processes on the evolution of the River Ognon, our investigation also indicates a mild tectonic influence on presently observed terrace distribution.
Published: 2012

44. Possible Quaternary growth of a hidden anticline at the front of the Jura fold-and-thrust belt: geomorphological constraints from the Forêt de Chaux area, France

Author: Vincent Bichet, Olivier Fabbri, Stéphane Molliex, Herfried Madritsch, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institute of Geology and Paleontology, University of Basel (Unibas), NAGRA, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Domaines Océaniques ( LDO ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut d'écologie et environnement-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University of Basel ( Unibas ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Nationale Genossenschaft für die Lagerung radioaktiver Abfälle (NAGRA)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, Active tectonics, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Anticline, [ SDU.STU.TE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Geology, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Seismic hazard, Active folding, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Basement (geology), Ridge, Fold and thrust belt, Jura fold-and-thrust belt, Alluvium, Quaternary, Foreland basin, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This study presents new constraints for Plio-Quaternary (post-2.4 Ma to present-day) anticline growth along the frontal zone of the Jura fold-and-thrust belt, in the Forêt de Chaux area, located 30 km SW of Besançon. The Forêt de Chaux area consists of a N080°E-elongated depression bordered by the Doubs and Loue rivers to the north and south respectively, and filled with Sundgau-type Pliocene alluvial deposits. The upper surface of the Pliocene deposits between the Loue and Doubs rivers is marked by a N065°E-trending ridge crossing the depression in a median position. A differential uplift along this ridge, post-dating the deposition of the gravels (2.4 Ma), is suggested by several geomorphological observations such as the opposite river migration on each side of the ridge as well as variations of drainage geometry and incision intensity. Geological and geophysical subsurface data indicate that the ridge roughly coincides with the axis of an anticline hidden beneath the Pliocene deposits. The observed uplift is presumably related to a post-2.4 Ma anticline growth. The fact that the azimuth of the hidden anticline axis is parallel to the strike of deep-seated Late Paleozoic basement faults and not to the local strike of the thin-skinned Jura structures indicates that the inferred post-Pliocene deformation could possibly be an expression of a recent thick-skinned deformation of the basement of the northern Alpine foreland. The focal depth (15 km) of the February 24th, 2004, Besançon earthquake supports the hypothesis of a basement fault reactivation.
Published: 2011

45. Vibration behavior of plantation-grown Scots pine trees in response to wind excitation

Author: M. Rodriguez, Roland Vogt, Dirk Schindler, Hannes Fugmann, Helmut Mayer, Jochen Schönborn, Meteorological Institute [Freiburg], Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Department Geosciences [Basel], Institute for Meteorology, Climatology and Remote Sensing [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas)-University of Basel (Unibas), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique (LadHyX), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and German Research Foundation (DFG), Department of the Environment of the federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg (RESTER-UniFR)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, modes of vibration, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Geometry, pinus sylvestris, 01 natural sciences, Displacement (vector), Wind speed, Normal mode, tree sway, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Mode (statistics), Forestry, 15. Life on land, Wind direction, bi-orthogonal decomposition, Wind engineering, Vibration, Roughness length, wind load, Physics::Space Physics, Agronomy and Crop Science, Geology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; This paper deals with the dynamic responses of three plantation-grown Scots pine trees to turbulent wind loading. Although individual tree movement was complicated and irregular in the analyzed wind speed range (hourly mean wind speeds at canopy top below 4 m s−1), results from the cross-wavelet transform and wavelet coherence calculations demonstrate that wind-induced tree displacement strongly covaried with wind loads exerted on the trees by coherent structures. These wind loads caused largest tree displacements in the along wind direction as well as in the across wind direction. The absorption of energy available from wind loads in the range of the damped natural sway frequencies of the sample trees' stems was of minor importance for tree displacement. The application of the bi-orthogonal decomposition provided insight into the resulting modal deformations of the sample trees' stems. Based on measured stem displacement data, the mean mode shapes for the first eight stem vibration modes (four mean mode shapes in along wind direction and four mean mode shapes in across wind direction) could be identified. The shapes of these modes were quite similar to the normal mode shapes of a clamped-free beam. For the analyzed wind speed range it is shown that most of the energy absorbed by the trees from the wind is dissipated by tree sway in the first mode. Higher vibration modes localized on the sample trees' stems were only of minor importance for the trees' responses to wind.
Published: 2010

46. Meeting report – INDEPTH kick-off meeting

Author: Geraint Parry, Célia Baroux, Christophe Tatout, Aline V. Probst, Division of Biology [La Jolla], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, GARNet, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Novartis Research Foundation, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel (Unibas)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Unité de Biotechnologie, Biocatalyse et Biorégulation (U3B), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Plant Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas)
Subjects: Cell Nucleus, 0301 basic medicine, Library science, Cell Biology, Biology, Chromatin, Kickoff meeting, Nuclear architecture, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Humans, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant traits, Chromatin organisation
Abstract: The precise location of chromatin domains within the cell nucleus has\ud seen growing recognition in the past decade as an additional\ud mechanism of controlling gene expression in both plants and\ud animals (Dekker et al., 2017). Consequently, international efforts are\ud devoted to understanding the organising principle of this organelle in\ud plants, and notably the nature and the role of functional compartments\ud on gene expression (Graumann et al., 2013; Sotelo-Silveira et al.,\ud 2018). The European cooperation ‘Impact of Nuclear Domains on\ud Gene Expression and Plant Traits’ (INDEPTH) brings together\ud molecular cell biologists, plant physiologists, bioinformaticians, image\ud analysts and computer scientists. They aim to address the question of\ud how nuclear architecture, chromatin organisation and gene expression\ud are connected in plants, particularly in relation to traits of interest such\ud as biomass, reproduction and resistance to pathogens (https://\ud www.brookes.ac.uk/indepth/). The kick-off meeting of the INDEPTH\ud consortium took place in Clermont-Ferrand, France, on 12–14thMarch\ud 2018, where more than 80 researchers set the agenda for the coming\ud four years of research and collaboration.
Published: 2018

47. Identification of an Agrin Mutation that Causes Congenital Myasthenia and Affects Synapse Function

Author: Michel Fardeau, Laurent Schaeffer, Thierry Kuntzer, Isabelle Grosjean, Daniel Hantaï, A. Rouche, Annie Chaboud, Asma Ben Ammar, Nektaria Alexandri, Frédéric Chevessier, Caroline Huzé, Emmanuel Fournier, Andrea Brancaccio, K. Gaudon, Bruno Eymard, Jeanine Koenig, S. Bauche, Evelyne Goillot, Véronique Bernard, Heba-Aude Lecuyer, Pascale Richard, Markus A. Rüegg, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule ( LBMC ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ( CRICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique du GH Pitié-Salpêtrière-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut National de Neurologie, Université Tunis El Manar ( UTM ), Plateau d'analyse des protéines, IFR128, Biologie des Jonctions Neuromusculaires Normales et Pathologiques ( U686 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Nerve-muscle unit, neurology service, Université de Lausanne ( UNIL ) -Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] ( CHUV ), Centre de référence des maladies rares neuromusculaires, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service d'électrophysiologie, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Biozentrum, University of Basel ( Unibas ), ANR-07-MRAR-0001,MRAR,Syndromes myasthéniques congénitaux : le réseau français et approches fondamentales ( 2007 ), Hantaï, Daniel, Programme Pluriannuel de Recherche sur les Maladies Rares (MRAR) - Implication de CXCL13 et CCL21 dans les mécanismes pathogéniques de la Myasthenie. - - MG chemokines2006 - ANR-06-MRAR-0001 - MRAR - VALID, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule (LBMC), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Biologie des Jonctions Neuromusculaires Normales et Pathologiques (U686), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Centre de référence des maladies rares neuromusculaires [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt), Biozentrum [Basel, Suisse], University of Basel (Unibas), ANR-06-MRAR-0001,MG chemokines,Implication de CXCL13 et CCL21 dans les mécanismes pathogéniques de la Myasthenie.(2006), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Biopsy, DNA Mutational Analysis, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Mutant, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, 0302 clinical medicine, Mutant protein, CHRNE, Receptors, Cholinergic, Genetics(clinical), Dystroglycans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Agrin, Congenital myasthenic syndrome, Recombinant Proteins, Pedigree, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Dok-7, Adult, animal structures, Mutation, Missense, Neuromuscular Junction, Biology, Article, Neuromuscular junction, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Muscle, Skeletal, 030304 developmental biology, Acetylcholine receptor, Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Correction, medicine.disease, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Rats, Models, Chemical, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Synapses, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, biology.protein, Agrin/chemistry, Agrin/genetics, Dystroglycans/metabolism, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal/pathology, Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital/genetics, Neuromuscular Junction/genetics, Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism, Receptors, Cholinergic/genetics, Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolism, Recombinant Proteins/chemistry, Recombinant Proteins/metabolism, Synapses/metabolism, [ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; We report the case of a congenital myasthenic syndrome due to a mutation in AGRN, the gene encoding agrin, an extracellular matrix molecule released by the nerve and critical for formation of the neuromuscular junction. Gene analysis identified a homozygous missense mutation, c.5125G>C, leading to the p.Gly1709Arg variant. The muscle-biopsy specimen showed a major disorganization of the neuromuscular junction, including changes in the nerve-terminal cytoskeleton and fragmentation of the synaptic gutters. Experiments performed in nonmuscle cells or in cultured C2C12 myotubes and using recombinant mini-agrin for the mutated and the wild-type forms showed that the mutated form did not impair the activation of MuSK or change the total number of induced acetylcholine receptor aggregates. A solid-phase assay using the dystrophin glycoprotein complex showed that the mutation did not affect the binding of agrin to alpha-dystroglycan. Injection of wild-type or mutated agrin into rat soleus muscle induced the formation of nonsynaptic acetylcholine receptor clusters, but the mutant protein specifically destabilized the endogenous neuromuscular junctions. Importantly, the changes observed in rat muscle injected with mutant agrin recapitulated the pre- and post-synaptic modifications observed in the patient. These results indicate that the mutation does not interfere with the ability of agrin to induce postsynaptic structures but that it dramatically perturbs the maintenance of the neuromuscular junction.
Published: 2009

48. Differences between tree stem CO 2 efflux and O 2 influx rates cannot be explained by internal CO 2 transport or storage in large beech trees

Author: Juliane Helm, Roberto L. Salomón, Boaz Hilman, Jan Muhr, Alexander Knohl, Kathy Steppe, Yves Gibon, Cédric Cassan, Henrik Hartmann, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Basel (Unibas), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no.682512-OXYFLUX), Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) and the Marie Sklodowska-Curie research programme (665501), and European Project
Subjects: CO2/O2 ratio, carbon dioxide transport, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], temperate forest, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant Science, vertical stem gradient, mature trees, oxygen consumption
Abstract: International audience; Tree stem respiration (R S) is a substantial component of the forest carbon balance. The mass balance approach uses stem CO 2 efflux and internal xylem fluxes to sum up R S , while the oxygen-based method assumes O 2 influx as a proxy of R S. So far, both approaches have yielded inconsistent results regarding the fate of respired CO 2 in tree stems, a major challenge for quantifying forest carbon dynamics. We collected a data set of CO 2 efflux, O 2 influx, xylem CO 2 concentration, sap flow, sap pH, stem temperature, nonstructural carbohydrates concentration and potential phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) capacity on mature beech trees to identify the sources of differences between approaches. The ratio of CO 2 efflux to O 2 influx was consistently below unity (0.7) along a 3-m vertical gradient, but internal fluxes did not bridge the gap between influx and efflux, nor did we find evidence for changes in respiratory substrate use. PEPC capacity was comparable with that previously reported in green current-year twigs. Although we could not reconcile differences between approaches, results shed light on the uncertain fate of CO 2 respired by parenchyma cells across the sapwood. Unexpected high values of PEPC
Published: 2023

49. The receptor kinase FERONIA regulates phosphatidylserine localization at the cell surface to modulate ROP signaling

Author: Smokvarska, Marija, Bayle, Vincent, Maneta-Peyret, Lilly, Fouillen, Laetitia, Poitout, Arthur, Dongois, Armelle, Fiche, Jean-Bernard, Gronnier, Julien, Garcia, José, Höfte, Herman, Nolmann, Marcelo, Zipfel, Cyril, Maurel, Christophe, Moreau, Patrick, Jaillais, Yvon, Martiniere, Alexandre, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme Bordeaux Metabolome, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-MetaboHUB-Bordeaux, MetaboHUB-MetaboHUB, Centre de Biologie Structurale [Montpellier] (CBS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Plant and Microbial Biology [Zurich, Suisse], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Zurich Basel Plant Science Center, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-University of Basel (Unibas), The Sainsbury Laboratory [Norwich] (TSL), ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011), University of Zurich, and Martiniere, Alexandre
Subjects: 1000 Multidisciplinary, phosphatidylserine, Multidisciplinary, 10126 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arabidopsis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 580 Plants (Botany), 10211 Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, FERONIA, Fer
Abstract: International audience; Cells maintain a constant dialog between the extracellular matrix and their plasma membrane to fine tune signal transduction processes. We found that the receptor kinase FERONIA (FER), which is a proposed cell wall sensor, modulates phosphatidylserine plasma membrane accumulation and nano-organization, a key regulator of Rho GTPase signaling in Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that FER is required for both Rho-of-Plant 6 (ROP6) nano-partitioning at the membrane and downstream production of reactive oxygen species upon hyperosmotic stimulus. Genetic and pharmacological rescue experiments indicate that phosphatidylserine is required for a subset of, but not all, FER functions. Furthermore, application of FER ligand shows that its signaling controls both phosphatidylserine membrane localization and nanodomains formation, which, in turn, tunes ROP6 signaling. Together, we propose that a cell wall–sensing pathway controls via the regulation of membrane phospholipid content, the nano-organization of the plasma membrane, which is an essential cell acclimation to environmental perturbations.
Published: 2023

50. Cremona Groups Over Finite Fields, Neretin Groups, and Non-Positively Curved Cube Complexes

Author: Genevois, Anthony, Lonjou, Anne, Urech, Christian, Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), and Genevois, Anthony
Subjects: subgroups, Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, General Mathematics, FOS: Mathematics, Group Theory (math.GR), [MATH] Mathematics [math], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Mathematics - Group Theory, Algebraic Geometry (math.AG), 14E07, 20F65, 20F67
Abstract: We show that plane Cremona groups over finite fields embed as dense subgroups into Neretin groups, i.e. groups of almost automorphisms of rooted trees. We also show that if the finite base field has even characteristic and contains at least 4 elements, then the permutations induced by birational transformations on rational points of regular projective surfaces are even. In a second part, we construct explicit locally compact CAT(0) cube complexes, on which Neretin groups act properly. This allows us to recover in a unified way various results on Neretin groups such as that they are of type $F_{\infty}$. We also prove a new fixed-point theorem for CAT(0) cube complexes without infinite cubes and use it to deduce a regularisation theorem for plane Cremona groups over finite fields., Comment: 30 pages, 1 figure. Updated version taking into consideration the comments of the referee, minor issued fixed. Accepted in IMRN
Published: 2023

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Journal

Database

Publisher

1,143 results on '"University of Basel ( Unibas )"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources