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© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting /republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works Autonomous vehicles are complex systems that operate in dynamic environments, where automated driving seeks to control the coupled longitudinal and lateral vehicle dynamics to follow a certain behaviour. Model predictive control is one of the most promising tools for this type of application due to its optimal performance and ability to handle input and output constraints. This paper addresses autonomous driving by introducing an adaptive linear parameter varying model predictive controller (LPV-MPC), whose prediction model is adapted online by a neural network. Moreover, the controller's cost function is optimized by an improved Genetic Algorithm. The proposed controller is evaluated on a challenging track subject to variable wind disturbances.

International audience; The dataset Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food (https://www.doi.org/10.15454/OP51SJ) contains 25 indicators of economic, environmental, sustainability performance and social performance, estimated for 27 certified food value chains and their 27 conventional reference products. The indicators are estimated at different levelsof the value chain: farm level, processing level, and retail level. It also contains the raw data based on which the indicators are estimated, its source, and the completed spreadsheet calculators for the following indicators: carbon footprint and food miles. This article describes the common method and indicators used to collect data for the twenty-seven certified products and their conventional counterparts. It presents the assumptions and choices, the process of data collection, and the indicator estimation methods designed to assess the three sustainability dimensions within a reasonable time constraint. That is: three person-months for each food quality scheme and its noncertified reference product. Several prioritisations were set regarding data collection (indicator, variable, value chain level) together with a level of representativeness specific to each variable and product type (country and sector). Technical details on how relatively common variables (e.g., number of animals per hectare) are combined into indicators (e.g., carbon footprint) are provided in the full documentation of the dataset.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.

© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting /republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works Autonomous vehicles are the upcoming solution to most transportation problems such as safety, comfort and efficiency. The steering control is one of the main important tasks in achieving autonomous driving. Model predictive control (MPC) is among the fittest controllers for this task due to its optimal performance and ability to handle constraints. This paper proposes an adaptive MPC controller (AMPC) for the path tracking task, and an improved PSO algorithm for optimising the AMPC parameters. Parameter adaption is realised online using a lookup table approach. The propose AMPC performance is assessed and compared with the classic MPC and the Pure Pursuit controller through simulations

International audience; The paper describes the use of dual-rail MaxSAT systems to solve Boolean satisfiability (SAT), namely to determine if a set of clauses is satisfiable. The MaxSAT problem is the problem of satisfying the maximum number of clauses in an instance of SAT. The dual-rail encoding adds extra variables for the complements of variables, and allows encoding an instance of SAT as a Horn MaxSAT problem. We discuss three implementations of dual-rail MaxSAT: core-guided systems, minimal hitting set (MaxHS) systems, and MaxSAT resolution inference systems. All three of these can be more efficient than resolution and thus than conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL). All three systems can give polynomial size refutations for the pigeonhole principle, the doubled pigeonhole principle and the mutilated chessboard principles. The dual-rail MaxHS MaxSat system can give polynomial size proofs of the parity principle. However, dual-rail MaxSAT resolution requires exponential size proofs for the parity principle; this is proved by showing that constant depth Frege augmented with the pigeonhole principle can polynomially simulate dual-rail MaxSAT resolution. Consequently, dual-rail MaxSAT resolution does not simulate cutting planes. We further show that core-guided dual-rail MaxSAT and weighted dual-rail MaxSAT resolution polynomially simulate resolution. Finally, we report the results of experiments with core-guided dual-rail MaxSAT and MaxHS dual-rail MaxSAT showing strong performance by these systems.

Food quality schemes (FQS: organic and geographical indication products) are often supposed to be more sustainable by their political advocates. We explore the social sustainability advantage of FQS through the lens of supply chains’ bargaining power (BP) distribution. We propose an indicator synthesizing different sources underlying BP (competition-based, transactional, institutional) and counting two dimensions (fair BP distribution and adaptation capacity), that we apply to 18 FQS supply chains and corresponding reference. FQS perform better than their reference products on both dimensions. This better performance is due to a combination of sources. Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables

The carbon and land footprint of 26 certified food products – geographical indications and organic products and their conventional references are assessed. This assessment goes beyond existing literature by (1) designing a calculation method fit for the comparison between certified food and conventional production, (2) using the same calculation method and parameters for 52 products – 26 Food Quality Schemes and their reference products – to allow for a meaningful comparison, (3) transparently documenting this calculation method and opening access to the detailed results and the underlying data, and (4) providing the first assessment of the carbon and land footprint of geographical indications. The method used is Life Cycle Assessment, largely relying on the Cool Farm Tool for the impact assessment. The most common indicator of climate impact, the carbon footprint expressed per ton of product, is not significantly different between certified foods and their reference products. The only exception to this pattern are vegetal organic products, whose carbon footprint is 16% lower. This is because the decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from the absence of mineral fertilizers is never fully offset by the associated lower yield. The climate impact of certified food per hectare is however 26% than their reference and their land footprint is logically 24% higher. Technical specifications directly or indirectly inducing a lower use of mineral fertilizers are a key driver of this pattern. So is yield, which depends both on terroir and farming practices. Overall, this assessment reinforces the quality policy of the European Union: promoting certified food is not inconsistent with mitigating climate change.

At the micrometric scale, vessels or skin capillaries network architecture can provide useful information for human health management. In this paper, from simulation to in vitro, we investigate some limits and interests of optical feedback interferometry (OFI) for blood flow imaging of skin vascularization. In order to analyze the tissue scattering effect on OFI performances, a series of skin-tissue simulating optical phantoms have been designed, fabricated and characterized. The horizontal (2D) and vertical (depth penetration) sensing resolution of the OFI sensor have been estimated. The experimental results that we present on this study are showing a very good accordance with theoretical models. In the case of a skin phantom of 0.5 mm depth with a scattering coefficient from 0 to 10.8 mm−1, the presented OFI system is able to distinguish a pair of micro fluidic channels (100 µm × 100 µm) spaced by 10 µm. Eventually, an in vivo test on human skin is presented and, for the first time using an OFI sensor, a 2D blood flow image of a vein located just beneath the skin is computed.

Water Footprint (WF, henceforth) is an indicator of water consumption and has taken ground to assess the impact of agricultural production processes over freshwater. The focus of this study was contrasting non-conventional, certified products with identical products obtained through conventional production schemes (REF, henceforth) using WF as a measure of their pressure on water resources. The aim was to the show whether products that are certified as Food Quality Schemes (FQS, henceforth) could also incorporate the lower impact on water among their quality features. To perform this comparison, we analysed 23 products selected among Organic, PDO and PGI as FQS, and their conventional counterparts. By restricting the domain of analysis to the on-farm phase of the production chain, we obtained that that no significant differences emerged between the FQS and REF products. However, if the impact is measured per unit area rather than per unit product, FQS showed a significant reduction in water demand. Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables

OBJECTIVE: Dental device is a very broad term that can be used to include any foreign material or product that is introduced in the host oral cavity to replace missing tissues. These devices are subjected to different environments which include dental hard tissues, tissue fluids, blood and saliva. All dental devices are continuously challenged microbiologically and a number of failures in clinical management are related to microbial colonization. Thus, the assessment of the antimicrobial properties of dental devices are extremely important. In this paper, a classification of dental devices is being proposed. This classification distinguishes the devices based on whether they are implantable or not, and also sub-classified based on their specific application and the substrate receiving the device. METHODS AND RESULTS: A literature search was conducted to identify how dental devices have been tested with relation to the microbial strains used and whether the testing has been performed in isolation or reported with other relevant tests such as material characterization and biological activity. The results of the literature review were analyzed and recommendations for antimicrobial testing of dental devices are proposed. These recommendations include the need for the setting up of pre-testing parameters such as ageing and the details of the pre-testing sterilization procedures, as these may affect the material chemistry and the specification for antimicrobial testing to be done with specific single strains or polymicrobial that are native to the region where the device is located are also suggested. Testing can be undertaken in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Since the antimicrobial and biological activities influence/condition one another and the material chemistry may affect both the antimicrobial and biological testing this document also makes recommendations regarding biological assessment which can be carried out in isolation or integrated with the microbiological testing and also material testing methods including chemical and physical characterization of bulk, surface, eluted and degraded materials as well as physical characterization methods. SIGNIFICANCE: The level of standardization of antimicrobial testing for the dental devices needs to be based on the device location and host interaction in order to increase the clinical applicability of the mentioned tests.

I/O forwarding is an established and widely-adopted technique in HPC to reduce contention and improve I/O performance in the access to shared storage infrastructure. On such machines, this layer is often physically deployed on dedicated nodes, and their connection to the clients is static. Furthermore, the increasingly heterogeneous workloads entering HPC installations stress the I/O stack, requiring tuning and reconfiguration based on the applications' characteristics. Nonetheless, it is not always feasible in a production system to explore the potential benefits of this layer under different configurations without impacting clients. In this paper, we investigate the effects of I/O forwarding on performance by considering the application's I/O access patterns and system characteristics. We aim to explore when forwarding is the best choice for an application, how many I/O nodes it would benefit from, and whether not using forwarding at all might be the correct decision. To gather performance metrics, explore, and understand the impact of forwarding I/O requests of different access patterns, we implemented FORGE, a lightweight I/O forwarding layer in user-space. Using FORGE, we evaluated the optimal forwarding configurations for several access patterns on MareNostrum 4 (Spain) and Santos Dumont (Brazil) supercomputers. Our results demonstrate that shifting the focus from a static system-wide deployment to an on-demand reconfigurable I/O forwarding layer dictated by application demands can improve I/O performance on future machines. This study was financed by the Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. It has also received support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil; It is also partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grants PID2019-107255GB; and the Generalitat de Catalunya under contract 2014–SGR–1051.

Medical staff in interventional procedures are among the professionals with the highest occupational doses. Appropriate dosimetric follow up is very important, so that the doses can be kept as low as possible. Active personal dosemeters (APDs) can help in optimizing the exposure during the interventional procedures. However, there can be problems when using APDs during interventional procedures, due to the specific energy and angular distribution of the radiation field, and because of the pulsed nature of the radiation. Many parameters influence the occupational exposure and the scattered radiation around the patient. These include, among others, the type of interventional procedure, personal habits and working technques, protection tools used and X-ray field characteristics. In this paper, we describe the results of an experiment of EURADOS WG12. We compare the results from 3 types of APDs with a passive personal dosimetry system while being used in real clinical environment by the interventional staff. The results show that there is a large spread in the ratios of the passive and active devices. Not all results can be explained by laboratory experiments, showing that there are many parameters that influence the response of these devices.

Part 1: Regular Papers; International audience; Network slicing has been taking a major role in upcoming 5G network implementations. However, in order to provision and maintain end-to-end slices, the management and orchestration among different network segments is required. As a result, techniques and components have risen to fulfil these tasks. In this work, we present latency-aware slicing, which is enabled by the provisioning of network slices equipped with an end-to-end latency sensor. This sensor is added to the service chain, allowing for real time monitoring and eventually actuation upon latency requirements violations. Moreover, we introduce an architecture capable of handling the deployment of such sensors while also coordinating the provisioning of the slice across optically interconnected DCs. To experimentally demonstrate the deployment of a slice with latency sensing we set up a multi-segment testbed connecting client VMs. The presented results demonstrate the behavior of the latency sensor and how it enables latency optimization through path reconfiguration.

International audience

The environmental conditions may play a relevant role in the stability of rock slopes. In fact, weathering can contribute either to the reduction of strength of the material or to the increasing of internal stresses in the rock massif. This Ph.D. thesis deals with the effect of atmospheric thermal cycles in rocks, from both experimental and numerical point of view. This research is focused on the rock obtained from the cliff from La Roque Gageac, a small town located in the south-west of France, placed above a rock cliff that has a cavern at middle high. This village has been affected by several rock falls, which, based on instrumentation data, are linked to the in situ thermal variations. With the aim of isolating the effect of thermal cycles in the La Roque Gageac limestone, an experimental study is performed. Samples obtained from two different locations in the cliff are considered (blocks felt inside the cavern and samples drilled from the face of the cliff). These samples are submitted to thermal cycles between 10ºC and 50ºC, with the aim of imitating the range of temperatures registered on the site. The damage induced in the samples is evaluated through measurements of strains, elastic wave propagation velocities and uniaxial compressive strength. It is observed that samples experience a reduction in the elastic wave propagation velocity and material strength through the imposition of thermal cycles. In the same way, a strains accumulation is also registered. Moreover, the response obtained depends on the mineralogical composition of the rock, which is linked to the extraction point of the sample, as the cliff presents a large heterogeneity. Based on the results obtained in the experimental program the principal characteristics of the thermal damage phenomenon are defined, proposing a constitutive model capable to reproduce the effect of thermal cycles in the La Roque Gageac limestone from a macroscopical point of view that is the effect in the mechanical response of the rock. With this purpose, a modification on the composed material constitutive model defined by Vaunat & Gens (2003) is performed, in order to include the characteristics of the material under study. This model considers the material as composed by two different components with an established behavior for each; the response of the composite material will be defined by the interaction between those components. This constitutive model is implemented in the finite elements code CODE_BRIGHT and evaluated with the simulation of the response of the samples observed during the experimental program.; Les conditions environnementales jouent un rôle important dans la stabilité des massifs rocheux. De fait, les variations climatiques peuvent affecter la résistance du matériau et également augmenter les contraintes internes dans le massif. Cette thèse étudie les effets des cycles thermiques atmosphériques sur les roches, dans une approche expérimentale puis numérique.Cette recherche est centrée sur le cas de la falaise de La Roque Gageac, un village du sudouest de la France, situé au pied d’une falaise qui présente une caverne à mi-hauteur. Cette commune a été affectée par plusieurs éboulements. Les données issues de l’instrumentation du massif montrent que ces instabilités sont liées aux cycles thermiques. Afin d’isoler l’effet des cycles thermiques dans la roche calcaire de La Roque Gageac, un programme expérimental a été mis en place. Des échantillons ont été prélevés sur deux sites de la falaise (blocs éboulés à l’intérieur de la caverne et carottés dans la face de la falaise). Ces échantillons ont été soumis à des cycles thermiques entre 10ºC et 50ºC afin de simuler les conditions enregistrées sur le site.L’endommagement de la roche est évalué en laboratoire par le suivi de mesures de déformations, de vitesses de propagation d’ondes élastiques et par l’évolution de la résistance à la compression uniaxial. Une réduction de la vitesse de propagation des ondes élastiques de compression et de cisaillement ainsi que de la résistance à la compression du matériau sont observées. De la même façon, les échantillons enregistrent une accumulation de déformations. De plus, la réponse des échantillons est influencée par la composition minéralogique de la roche. Celle-ci est liée au lieu de prélèvement, le calcaire de la falaise montrant une importante hétérogénéité.Les résultats du programme expérimental ont permis la détermination des caractéristiques principales du phénomène d’endommagement thermique. Une loi de comportement modélisant l’effet des cycles thermiques sur la roche calcaire de La Roque Gageac d’un point de vue macroscopique a été proposée. À cette fin, une modification de la loi de comportement pour matériau composite présentée par Vaunat & Gens (2003) est suggérée, afin d’inclure les caractéristiques propres de la roche étudiée. Ce modèle prend en compte un matériau formé de deux constituants au fonctionnement distinct dont l’interaction décrit le comportement de la roche. Le modèle a été introduit dans le programme aux éléments finis « CODE_BRIGHT » et est évalué en simulant la réponse observée sur les échantillons pendant le programme expérimental

The environmental conditions may play a relevant role in the stability of rock slopes. In fact, weathering can contribute either to the reduction of strength of the material or to the increasing of internal stresses in the rock massif. This Ph.D. thesis deals with the effect of atmospheric thermal cycles in rocks, from both experimental and numerical point of view. This research is focused on the rock obtained from the cliff from La Roque Gageac, a small town located in the south-west of France, placed above a rock cliff that has a cavern at middle high. This village has been affected by several rock falls, which, based on instrumentation data, are linked to the in situ thermal variations. With the aim of isolating the effect of thermal cycles in the La Roque Gageac limestone, an experimental study is performed. Samples obtained from two different locations in the cliff are considered (blocks felt inside the cavern and samples drilled from the face of the cliff). These samples are submitted to thermal cycles between 10ºC and 50ºC, with the aim of imitating the range of temperatures registered on the site. The damage induced in the samples is evaluated through measurements of strains, elastic wave propagation velocities and uniaxial compressive strength. It is observed that samples experience a reduction in the elastic wave propagation velocity and material strength through the imposition of thermal cycles. In the same way, a strains accumulation is also registered. Moreover, the response obtained depends on the mineralogical composition of the rock, which is linked to the extraction point of the sample, as the cliff presents a large heterogeneity. Based on the results obtained in the experimental program the principal characteristics of the thermal damage phenomenon are defined, proposing a constitutive model capable to reproduce the effect of thermal cycles in the La Roque Gageac limestone from a macroscopical point of view that is the effect in the mechanical response of the rock. With this purpose, a modification on the composed material constitutive model defined by Vaunat & Gens (2003) is performed, in order to include the characteristics of the material under study. This model considers the material as composed by two different components with an established behavior for each; the response of the composite material will be defined by the interaction between those components. This constitutive model is implemented in the finite elements code CODE_BRIGHT and evaluated with the simulation of the response of the samples observed during the experimental program.; Les conditions environnementales jouent un rôle important dans la stabilité des massifs rocheux. De fait, les variations climatiques peuvent affecter la résistance du matériau et également augmenter les contraintes internes dans le massif. Cette thèse étudie les effets des cycles thermiques atmosphériques sur les roches, dans une approche expérimentale puis numérique.Cette recherche est centrée sur le cas de la falaise de La Roque Gageac, un village du sudouest de la France, situé au pied d’une falaise qui présente une caverne à mi-hauteur. Cette commune a été affectée par plusieurs éboulements. Les données issues de l’instrumentation du massif montrent que ces instabilités sont liées aux cycles thermiques. Afin d’isoler l’effet des cycles thermiques dans la roche calcaire de La Roque Gageac, un programme expérimental a été mis en place. Des échantillons ont été prélevés sur deux sites de la falaise (blocs éboulés à l’intérieur de la caverne et carottés dans la face de la falaise). Ces échantillons ont été soumis à des cycles thermiques entre 10ºC et 50ºC afin de simuler les conditions enregistrées sur le site.L’endommagement de la roche est évalué en laboratoire par le suivi de mesures de déformations, de vitesses de propagation d’ondes élastiques et par l’évolution de la résistance à la compression uniaxial. Une réduction de la vitesse de propagation des ondes élastiques de compression et de cisaillement ainsi que de la résistance à la compression du matériau sont observées. De la même façon, les échantillons enregistrent une accumulation de déformations. De plus, la réponse des échantillons est influencée par la composition minéralogique de la roche. Celle-ci est liée au lieu de prélèvement, le calcaire de la falaise montrant une importante hétérogénéité.Les résultats du programme expérimental ont permis la détermination des caractéristiques principales du phénomène d’endommagement thermique. Une loi de comportement modélisant l’effet des cycles thermiques sur la roche calcaire de La Roque Gageac d’un point de vue macroscopique a été proposée. À cette fin, une modification de la loi de comportement pour matériau composite présentée par Vaunat & Gens (2003) est suggérée, afin d’inclure les caractéristiques propres de la roche étudiée. Ce modèle prend en compte un matériau formé de deux constituants au fonctionnement distinct dont l’interaction décrit le comportement de la roche. Le modèle a été introduit dans le programme aux éléments finis « CODE_BRIGHT » et est évalué en simulant la réponse observée sur les échantillons pendant le programme expérimental

International audience

Trabajo presentado a la 4th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT), celebrada en Barcelona (España) del 5 al 7 de abril de 2017., Inland navigation networks are composed of several artificial canals that are characterized by no slope. These canals are particularly subject to resonance phenomena, which can create waves such that the navigation condition might not be guaranteed. It is therefore required to ensure dealing with freefault measured data and actuators. In this work, a fault detection and isolation method based on the Integrator Delay Zero model (IDZ) is designed for flat navigation canals. The proposed method is dedicated to the detection and isolation of sensor and actuator faults. Finally, it is tested by considering the Cuinchy-Fontinettes canal located in the north of France., This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECOP) and FEDER through the project HARCRICS (ref. DPI2014-58104-R) and through the grant IJCI-2014-2081.

@2017 Personal use of these materials is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating news collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works Inland navigation networks are large-scale systems with large dead times, nonlinearities and variable time delays. They are composed of interconnected reaches. The management goal is to maintain the water level of each reach around a certain value. In this paper, a decentralized control approach is addressed to fulfill this objective. It is based on IDZ models by considering connected reaches with distributaries. A real navigation sub-network in the north of France serves as the case study for this work.

Inland navigation networks are large-scale systems that can be described by using the nonlinear Saint-Venant partial differential equations. However, as there is no analytical solution for them, simplified models are used instead for modeling purposes. This work addresses the modeling of two sub-reach systems by means of the well-known Integrator Delay Zero model. Two main scenarios are considered: in the first one, the two partial models are independently computed one from each other; the second one uses previous knowledge of the whole two sub-reach system in order to ensure the flow consistency along the system. The application of these two methodologies to a part of the navigation network in the north of France serves as the case study for this work.

International audience; This study presents the results of the 2013 Ibiza (Western Mediterranean) calibration campaign of Jason-2 and SARAL altimeters. It took place from 14 to 16 September 2013 and comprised two phases: the calibration of the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) buoys to estimate the antenna height of each of them and the absolute calibration to estimate the altimeter bias (i.e., the difference of sea level measured by radar altimetry and GNSS). The first one was achieved in the Ibiza harbor at a close vicinity of the Ibiza tide gauge and the second one was performed at ∼ 40 km at the northwest of Ibiza Island at a crossover point of Jason-2 and SARAL nominal groundtracks. Five buoys were used to delineate the crossover region and their measurements interpolated at the exact location of each overflight. The overflights occurred two consecutive days: 15 and 16 September 2013 for Jason-2 and SARAL, respectively. The GNSS data were processed using precise point positioning technique. The biases found are of (−0.1 ± 0.9) and (−3.1 ± 1.5) cm for Jason-2 and SARAL, respectively.

We study the effect of a set of food quality scheme (FQS) products within the local economy using a local multiplier approach based on LM3 methodology. To evaluate the effective contribution within the local area, we compare each FQS product with its equivalent standard/conventional counterpart. Local multiplier allows us to track the financial flows converging within thelocal area at the differentlevels of the supply chain so that we can measure the FQS product role in local economic activation. Overall, the FQS products exhibit a higher positive contribution to the local economy than the standard references. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the impact according to the product categories. In the case of vegetal products, the local economic advantage due to FQS is 7% higher than the reference products, but the statistical tests reject the null hypothesis that the medians are significantly different from zero. On the contrary, animal products exhibit a larger contribution of FQS than the standard counterparts (+24%). The PGI products (+25%) produce the major effect, while PDO products show a median difference lower (+6%). The organic and non-organic products seem to be substantially equivalent in terms of contribution to the local economy, due to the similarity in the downstream processing phase. This study was conducted in the framework of the "Strength2Food" project, which received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the GA 678024.