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2,749 results on '"Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"'

1. The East-Mayotte new volcano in the Comoros Archipelago: structure and timing of magmatic phases inferred from seismic reflection data

Author: Charles Masquelet, Sylvie Leroy, Matthias Delescluse, Nicolas Chamot-Rooke, Isabelle Thinon, Anne Lemoine, Dieter Franke, Louise Watremez, Philippe Werner, Fabien Paquet, Carole Berthod, Victor Cabiativa Pico, Daniel Sauter, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-19-CE31-0018,COYOTES,COmores & maYotte : vOlcanisme, TEctonique et Sismicité(2019)
Subjects: Volcanism, Comoros Archipelago, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mayotte, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Fani Maore volcano, FaniMaore volcano, Seismic reflection, General Environmental Science
Abstract: A multichannel seismic reflection profile acquired during the SISMAORE cruise (2021) provides the first in-depth image of the submarine volcanic edifice, named Fani Maore, that formed 50 km east of Mayotte Island (Comoros Archipelago) in 2018–2019. This new edifice sits on a ∼140 m thick sedimentary layer, which is above a major, volcanic layer up to ∼1 km thick and extends over 120 km along the profile. This volcanic unit is made of several distinct seismic facies that indicate successive volcanic phases. We interpret this volcanic layer as witnessing the main phase of construction of the Mayotte Island volcanic edifice. A ∼2.2–2.5 km thick sedimentary unit is present between this volcanic layer and the top of the crust. A complex magmatic feeder system is observed within this unit, composed of saucer-shape sills and seal bypass systems. The deepest tip of this volcanic layer lies below the top-Oligocene seismic horizon, indicating that the volcanism ofMayotte Island likely began around 26.5Ma, earlier than previously assumed., Un profil de sismique réflexion multitrace acquis lors de la campagne océanographique SISMAORE (2021) apporte la première image en profondeur du volcan sous-marin Fani Maore, qui s’est formé à 50 km à l’est de l’île de Mayotte (archipel des Comores) en 2018–2019. Ce nouvel édifice repose sur une première couche sédimentaire d’environ 140 m d’épaisseur au-dessus d’une couche volcanique majeure épaisse de 1 km et qui s’étend sur 120 km le long du profil. Cette dernière unité volcanique est constituée de plusieurs faciès sismiques distincts qui indiquent des phases volcaniques successives. Nous interprétons cette couche volcanique comme le témoin de la phase principale de construction de l’édifice volcanique de l’île de Mayotte. Une couverture sédimentaire de 2.2–2.5 km d’épaisseur est présente entre cette couche volcanique et le toit de la croûte. On y observe de nombreux sills en forme de soucoupe ainsi que des zones à faciès de remontées de fluides, dessinant un système d’alimentation magmatique complexe sous la principale couche volcanique. L’extrémité la plus profonde de cette couche volcanique se place en dessous de l’horizon sismique de l’Oligocène supérieur et indique que le volcanisme de l’île de Mayotte a probablement commencé vers 26.5 Ma, plus tôt que ce qui était supposé auparavant.
Published: 2023

2. Volcanisme et tectonique découverts le long de l’archipel des Comores entre l’Afrique et Madagascar

Author: Isabelle Thinon, Anne Lemoine, Sylvie Leroy, Fabien Paquet, Carole Berthod, Sébastien Zaragosi, Vincent Famin, Nathalie Feuillet, Pierre Boymond, Charles Masquelet, Nicolas Mercury, Anaïs Rusquet, Carla Scalabrin, Jérôme Van der Woerd, Julien Bernard, Julie Bignon, Valérie Clouard, Cécile Doubre, Eric Jacques, Stephan J. Jorry, Frédérique Rolandone, Nicolas Chamot-Rooke, Matthias Delescluse, Dieter Franke, Louise Watremez, Patrick Bachèlery, Laurent Michon, Daniel Sauter, Stéphane Bujan, Albane Canva, Emilie Dassie, Vincent Roche, Said Ali, Abdoul Hamid Sitti Allaouia, Christine Deplus, Setareh Rad, Ludivine Sadeski, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geo-Ocean (GEO-OCEAN), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Marines (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques - Université des Comores, CNDRS, and ANR-19-CE31-0018,COYOTES,COmores & maYotte : vOlcanisme, TEctonique et Sismicité(2019)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Comoros Archipelago, Active tectonics, NorthernMozambique Channel, Volcanic province, Northern Mozambique Channel, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Backscatter, Bathymetry, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Incipient plate boundary, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Geophysical and geological data from the North Mozambique Channel acquired during the 2020–2021 SISMAORE oceanographic cruise reveal a corridor of recent volcanic and tectonic features 200 km wide and 600 km long within and north of Comoros Archipelago. Here we identify and describe two major submarine tectono-volcanic fields: the N’Droundé province oriented N160°E north of Grande-Comore Island, and the Mwezi province oriented N130°E north of Anjouan and Mayotte Islands. The presence of popping basaltic rocks sampled in the Mwezi province suggests post-Pleistocene volcanic activity. The geometry and distribution of recent structures observed on the seafloor are consistent with a current regional dextral transtensional context. Their orientations change progressively from west to east (N160°E, N130°E, EW). The volcanism in the western part appears to be influenced by the pre-existing structural fabric of the Mesozoic crust. The 200 km-wide and 600 km-long tectono-volcanic corridor underlines the incipient Somalia–Lwandle dextral lithospheric plate boundary between the East-African Rift System and Madagascar., Des données géophysiques et géologiques ont été acquises lors de la campagne océanographique SISMAORE (2020–2021). Deux grands champs tectono-volcaniques sous-marins ont été découverts tout le long et principalement au nord de l’archipel des Comores : la province N’Droundé orientée N160°E au nord de Grande-Comore, et la province Mwezi orientée N130°E au nord d’Anjouan-Mayotte où des roches basaltiques de type popping-rocks suggèrent une activité volcanique possiblement actuelle à pléistocène. La géométrie et la distribution des structures récentes sont cohérentes avec un contexte régional actuel transtensif dextre. Leurs orientations évoluent d’Ouest en Est (N160°E, N130°E, EW), suggérant pour la partie occidentale, une mise en place du volcanisme influencée par la structuration crustale préexistante. Le corridor tectono-volcanique de 200 km de large et de 600 km de long dessine une limite de plaque lithosphérique Somalie-Lwandle immature en décrochante dextre entre le système du rift est-africain et Madagascar.
Published: 2022

3. Mayotte seismic crisis: building knowledge in near real-time by combining land and ocean-bottom seismometers, first results

Author: Jérôme Vergne, Jean Battaglia, Louis Géli, Stephan J. Jorry, Jérôme Van der Woerd, Anthony Dofal, Jean-Marie Saurel, Hélène Jund, Marie Paule Bouin, Arnaud Gaillot, Alison Colombain, Ronan Apprioual, Nicolas Mercury, Sophie Lambotte, Valérie Ferrazzini, Cécile Doubre, Yves Fouquet, Philippe Kowalski, Simon Besançon, Océane Foix, Cyprien Griot, Céleste Broucke, Mickaël Roudaut, Claudio Satriano, Grégoire Dectot, Isabelle Thinon, Rémi Dretzen, Lise Retailleau, Tom Dumouche, Nicolas Desfete, Félix Léger, Pierre Guyavarch, Didier Bertil, Aude Lavayssière, Philippe Fernagu, Aline Peltier, Fabrice R. Fontaine, Frédéric Lauret, Arnaud Lemarchand, Emmanuel Rinnert, Chastity Aiken, Pascal Pelleau, Wayne C Crawford, Marc Grunberg, Frédéric Tronel, Roser Hoste-Colomer, Soumya Bodihar, Emmanuel Maros, Christophe Brunet, R. Daniel, Eric Jacques, Kevin Canjamale, Emre Güzel, Patrice Boissier, Anne Lemoine, Agathe Roullé, Philippe Catherine, Maxime Bes de Berc, Nathalie Feuillet, Angèle Laurent, Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (OVPF), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering [Istanbul], and Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ)
Subjects: Volcano monitoring, Seismometer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, Magnitude (mathematics), Context (language use), Induced seismicity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Remote sensing of volcanoes, Geochemistry and Petrology, education, Indian Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, education.field_of_study, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Volcano seismology, Geophysics, Volcano, Africa, Submarine pipeline, Geology, Seismology, Channel (geography)
Abstract: SUMMARYThe brutal onset of seismicity offshore Mayotte island North of the Mozambique Channel, Indian Ocean, that occurred in May 2018 caught the population, authorities and scientific community off guard. Around 20 potentially felt earthquakes were recorded in the first 5 d, up to magnitude Mw 5.9. The scientific community had little pre-existing knowledge of the seismic activity in the region due to poor seismic network coverage. During 2018 and 2019, the MAYOBS/REVOSIMA seismology group was progressively built between four French research institutions to improve instrumentation and data sets to monitor what we know now as an on-going exceptional submarine basaltic eruption. After the addition of 3 medium-band stations on Mayotte island and 1 on Grande Glorieuse island in early 2019, the data recovered from the Ocean Bottom Seismometers were regularly processed by the group to improve the location of the earthquakes detected daily by the land network. We first built a new local 1-D velocity model and established specific data processing procedures. The local 1.66 low VP/VS ratio we estimated is compatible with a volcanic island context. We manually picked about 125 000 P and S phases on land and sea bottom stations to locate more than 5000 events between February 2019 and May 2020. The earthquakes outline two separate seismic clusters offshore that we named Proximal and Distal. The Proximal cluster, located 10 km offshore Mayotte eastern coastlines, is 20–50 km deep and has a cylindrical shape. The Distal cluster start 5 km to the east of the Proximal cluster and extends below Mayotte's new volcanic edifice, from 50 to 25 km depth. The two clusters appear seismically separated, however our data set is insufficient to firmly demonstrate this.
Published: 2021

4. Direct Determination of Geomagnetic Baselines During Quiet Periods for Low‐ and Mid‐Latitude Observatories

Author: Veronika Haberle, Aurélie Marchaudon, Pierre-Louis Blelly, Aude Chambodut, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INTERMAGNET (International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network), PNST (Programme National Soleil Terre), from CNRS-INSU (Institut des Sciences de l’Univers of Centre National de la RechercheScientifique) co-funded by CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales) and CEA (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomiqueet aux Energies Alternatives), TOSCA committee from CNES focused on Space weather and Geomagnetism, and ANR-20-ASTC-0030,PRISMS,Perturbations Radio dans l'Ionosphère en réponse aux Stimuli Magnétosphériques et Solaires(2020)
Subjects: Sq current, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, magnetic baseline, quiet geomagnetic field, magnetic observatory data
Abstract: International audience; The geomagnetic field is composed of a variety of sources that act on a wide range of timescales and amplitudes. The separation of magnetic storm effects from quiet variations is needed to accurately quantify impacts of space weather events. The extraction of such quiet contributions within geomagnetic measurements is achieved by the determination of baselines, which, ideally, is done by a simple algorithm which captures quiet sources suitably well, while being applicable to an extensive network of magnetic observatories independent of the period of time. In this work, we apply signal filtering techniques on the horizontal components of geomagnetic field measurements from low- and mid-latitude observatories to determine baselines. The variations within the baseline are investigated for magnetically quiet periods between 1991 and 2019, focusing on long-term trends, seasonal and local time dependencies, and day-to-day variability. The analysis confirms that the contributing quiet sources include the secular variation and the solar quiet (Sq) current system. The non-negligible day-to-day variability, that is typical for Sq in low- and mid-latitudes, is embedded within the baseline. Thus, the filter approach extracts quiet magnetic field variations well. Comparisons with other baseline methods show good agreements. We conclude that the filter approach can be used to determine baselines automatically during magnetically quiet periods without the need of further apriori information and is applicable on a wide network of magnetic observatories. It marks the first step for deriving magnetic indices for (near) real-time space weather applications.
Published: 2022

5. Machine learning prediction of the mass and the velocity of controlled single-block rockfalls from the seismic waves they generate

Author: Clément Hibert, François Noël, David Toe, Miloud Talib, Mathilde Desrues, Emmanuel Wyser, Ombeline Brenguier, Franck Bourrier, Renaud Toussaint, Jean-Philippe Malet, Michel Jaboyedoff, Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences de la terre [Lausanne] (ISTE), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Modélisation, simulation et commande des systèmes dynamiques non lisses (TRIPOP), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Société Alpine de Géotechnique [Gières] (SAGE Ingénierie), SAGE, PoreLab [Oslo], Department of Physics [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Oslo] (NTNU), and Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: Understanding the dynamics of slope instabilities is critical to mitigate the associated hazards but their direct observation is often difficult due to their remote locations and their spontaneous nature. Seismology allows to get unique information on these events, including on their dynamics. However, the link between the properties of these events (mass and kinematics) and the seismic signals generated are still poorly understood. we conducted a controlled rockfall experiment in the Riou-Bourdoux torrent (South French Alps) to try to better decipher those links. We deployed a dense seismic network and inferred the dynamics of the block from the reconstruction of the 3D trajectory from terrestrial and airborne high-resolution stereo-photogrammetry. We propose a new approach based on machine learning to predict the mass and the velocity of each block. Our results show that we can predict those quantities with average errors of approximately 10 % for the velocity and 25 % for the mass. These accuracies are as good as or better than those obtained by other approaches, but our approach has the advantage of not requiring to localize the source and an a priori knowledge of the environment, nor of making a strong assumption on the seismic wave attenuation model. Finally, the machine learning approach allows us to explore more widely the correlations between the features of the seismic signal generated by the rockfalls and their physical properties, and might eventually lead to better constrain the physical models in the future.
Published: 2022

6. A balanced watershed decomposition method for rain-on-grid simulations in HEC-RAS

Author: Sleimane Hariri, Sylvain Weill, Jens Gustedt, Isabelle Charpentier, charpentier, isabelle, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Compilation pour les Architectures MUlti-coeurS (CAMUS), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), and École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, rain-on-grid, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, hydrological models, parallel computing, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, area balancing, [SPI.FLUID] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, watershed partitioning, partial differential equations, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Civil and Structural Engineering, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Rain-on-grid simulations for the modeling of 2D unsteady flows in response to precipitation input are implemented in Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) software by means of a finite volume method and a sparse parallel linear solver running on a unique processor. Obviously, this may fail due to memory shortage when the discretization yields too large linear systems. Such simulations are good candidates for the design of partition and domain decomposition methods for the modeling of very large catchments by means of hydrological sub-units. Thinking in load-balanced computations, the proposed area-balanced partition method is based on the flow accumulation information. Implemented in HEC-RAS, the domain decomposition method comprises 2D–1D models combining 2D sub-unit meshes to 1D channels for extracting outflow data from upstream units and passing the information to downstream units. The workflow is automated using the HEC-RAS Controller. As a case study, we consider the French Saar catchment (1,747 km2). The new partition methods demonstrate a better equilibrium for sub-basin areas and the computational load for the sub-problems. The total computational time is substantially reduced. Domain decomposition is required for carrying rain-on-grid simulations over the Saar watershed (2,800,000 elements). The resulting discharge and flood maps show very good agreements with available data.
Published: 2022

7. Synchronization of small-scale seismic clusters reveals large-scale plate deformation

Author: Hayrullah Karabulut, Michel Bouchon, Jean Schmittbuhl, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI), Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Seismicity rate, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geology, Earthquake triggering, Plate deformation, Anatolian seismicity
Abstract: It has long been observed that periods of intense seismic activity in a region alternate with periods of relative quiescence, but establishing whether or not this intermittency is driven by broad-scale physical processes occurring in the Earth, remains a challenge. Here, we address this question of long-range triggering by a large-scale analysis of evolution of the seismicity between 2003 and 2017 in the Anatolia region. Two multi-year periods of synchronous high seismicity rate in 27 seismicity clusters across the Anatolian plate are evidenced before a relatively uniform quiescence period. We argue that two remote tectonic processes are important for the timing of these activities: the 2004 M9.2 Sumatra earthquake and the 2008–2011 episode of slab rollback/deformation in the Hellenic subduction, even if a clear causal mechanism is still lacking. Graphical Abstract
Published: 2022

8. Global Assessment of the Capability of Satellite Precipitation Products to Retrieve Landslide-Triggering Extreme Rainfall Events

Author: Odin Marc, Romulo A. Jucá Oliveira, Marielle Gosset, Robert Emberson, Jean-Philippe Malet, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), and École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology
Abstract: Rainfall-induced landsliding is a global and systemic hazard that is likely to increase with the projections of increased frequency of extreme precipitation with current climate change. However, our ability to understand and mitigate landslide risk is strongly limited by the availability of relevant rainfall measurements in many landslide prone areas. In the last decade, global satellite multisensor precipitation products (SMPP) have been proposed as a solution, but very few studies have assessed their ability to adequately characterize rainfall events triggering landsliding. Here, we address this issue by testing the rainfall pattern retrieved by two SMPPs (IMERG and GSMaP) and one hybrid product [Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP)] against a large, global database of 20 comprehensive landslide inventories associated with well-identified storm events. We found that, after converting total rainfall amounts to an anomaly relative to the 10-yr return rainfall R*, the three products do retrieve the largest anomaly (of the last 20 years) during the major landslide event for many cases. However, the degree of spatial collocation of R* and landsliding varies from case to case and across products, and we often retrieved R* > 1 in years without reported landsliding. In addition, the few (four) landslide events caused by short and localized storms are most often undetected. We also show that, in at least five cases, the SMPP’s spatial pattern of rainfall anomaly matches landsliding less well than does ground-based radar rainfall pattern or lightning maps, underlining the limited accuracy of the SMPPs. We conclude on some potential avenues to improve SMPPs’ retrieval and their relation to landsliding. Significance Statement Rainfall-induced landsliding is a global hazard that is expected to increase as a result of anthropogenic climate change. Our ability to understand and mitigate this hazard is strongly limited by the lack of rainfall measurements in mountainous areas. Here, we perform the first global assessment of the potential of three high-resolution precipitation datasets, derived from satellite observations, to capture the rainfall characteristics of 20 storms that led to widespread landsliding. We find that, accounting for past extreme rainfall statistics (i.e., the rainfall returning every 10 years), most storms causing landslides are retrieved by the datasets. However, the shortest storms (i.e., ∼3 h) are often undetected, and the detailed spatial pattern of extreme rainfall often appears to be distorted. Our work opens new ways to study global landslide hazard but also warns against overinterpreting rainfall derived from satellites.
Published: 2022

9. Time-varying uplift in Svalbard - an effect of glacial changes

Author: Halfdan Pascal Kierulf, Jack Kohler, Jean-Paul Boy, Emily C Geyman, Anthony Mémin, Ove C D Omang, Holger Steffen, Rebekka Steffen, Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract: SUMMARY We analyse Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data from Svalbard to understand how uplift rates are controlled by the elastic and viscoelastic response of the solid Earth to changes in glacier mass on annual, interannual, decadal, centennial and millennial timescales. To reveal local patterns of deformation, we filter the GNSS time-series with an enhanced common-mode filtering technique where the non-tidal loading signal is incorporated. This technique reduces the estimated uncertainties for 5-yr time-series from 0.8 to 0.3 mm yr–1. Analysis of the GNSS data with different software–GAMIT, GipsyX, and GINS–produce consistent results that all indicate large temporal variations in uplift. For example, at the Ny-Ålesund GNSS station, uplift varies between 6 and 12 mm yr–1 for different 5-yr periods, and also shows a significant increase in the last 15 yr. We show that this increase is due to climate change-related ice mass loss in Svalbard. We constrain recent glacier retreat on Svalbard using a series of digital elevation models, and then correct the GNSS-derived uplift records for the elastic signal from these ice mass changes. The residual uplift signal is relatively constant, confirming the hypothesis that current ice mass changes exert a strong influence on GNSS observations. The relatively constant record of residual uplift can be used to constrain other geophysical signals such as the viscoelastic response of the solid Earth to ice loading during the Little Ice Age and the Last Glacial Period. We review uplift results from previous viscoelastic modelling studies and show that the residual signal cannot yet be fully explained. Our new uplift results thus motivate the need for new viscoelastic modelling of the glacial isostatic adjustment process in Svalbard.
Published: 2022

10. Finite Element Modeling of Electroseismics and Seismoelectrics

Author: Zyserman, Fabio Iván, Gauzellino, Patricia Mercedes, Jouniaux, Laurence, Grobbe, Niels, Revil, André, Zhu, Zhenya, Slob, Evert, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofı́sicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Géophysique expérimentale (IPGS) (IPGS-GE), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Niels Grobbe
Subjects: Physics, Finite element method, electroseismics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geology, modeling, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Geofísica, Applied mathematics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Domain decomposition methods, Physics::Geophysics, seismoelectrics, finite elements, Supercomputer, Humanities, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In this chapter we describe a set of finite element formulations employed to approximate the solution to an extension to partially saturated porous media of Pride's equations, which is one of the most widespread theoretical frames that model the coupled electromagnetics and acoustics of saturated porous media. We also show how these numerical algorithms can be implemented on multicore computers, and analyze their performance, observing that the parallel efficiency of the algorithms decays slower when the resources of each computing core are used as close to their maximum as possible. Further, we perform a study of two-dimensional PSVTM electroseismic conversions in a time-lapse carbon dioxide geological deposition monitoring scenario, setting the electromagnetic source in depth, and measuring the seismic responses both in wells and at the surface. We observe that, contrary to what is known from standard field settings, the interface responses play no important role in elucidating the CO2 plume behavior, and that the in-depth converted signals convey information about the carbon dioxide saturation in the plume. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas
Published: 2020

11. Chemical and boron isotope composition of tourmaline from the Kiaka orogenic gold deposit (Burkina Faso, West African Craton) as a proxy for ore-forming processes

Author: J. Gauriau, Antonin Richard, Aurélien Eglinger, Matthieu Harlaux, Anne-Sylvie André-Mayer, Marie G. Lefebvre, D. Lemarchand, Johan Villeneuve, A Fontaine, Didier Béziat, GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [University of Southern California], University of Southern California (USC), Nevada Bureau of Mines & Geology, University of Nevada [Reno], Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Tourmaline, Muscovite, Metamorphic rock, Schist, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Metamorphism, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Volcanic rock, Craton, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, engineering, Economic Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Kiaka orogenic gold deposit (Burkina Faso), located in the Paleoproterozoic domain of the West African Craton, is characterized by a two-stage gold mineralization hosted in volcano-sedimentary metamorphic rocks that was formed during the Eoeburnean (2.20–2.13 Ga) and Eburnean (2.13–2.05 Ga) orogenic cycles. These two stages include an early disseminated low-grade gold mineralization and a late vein-hosted high-grade gold mineralization. Paragenetic studies indicate that the first gold stage was coeval with the deposition of hydrothermal tourmaline. The aim of this paper is twofold: (i) to determine the processes responsible for deposition of the economic disseminated gold mineralization and (ii) to identify the source of the mineralizing fluids. For this purpose, we performed an in situ study on tourmaline by combining electron probe microanalysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements of boron isotopes. Hydrothermal tourmaline hosted in metamafic volcanic rocks and metagreywackes has a dravite composition but shows different δ11B values falling within the two intervals of − 25.1 to − 22.0‰ and − 19.6 to − 15.1‰, respectively. Our results suggest that tourmaline formed from a distal, high-temperature (ca. 400 °C), reduced, and low-salinity hydrothermal fluid that interacted with the local host rocks. Based on the modeling of tourmaline–fluid boron isotope fractionation, we propose a metamorphic fluid origin derived from devolatilization of deeply buried muscovite schists during the regional prograde to peak metamorphism prior ca. 2.13 Ga. This metamorphic fluid–rock interaction model may possibly extend to other orogenic gold deposits in the West African Craton.
Published: 2020

12. Dissipation of S-metolachlor and butachlor in agricultural soils and responses of bacterial communities: Insights from compound-specific isotope and biomolecular analyses

Author: Charline Wiegert, Benoît Guyot, Stéphane Vuilleumier, Gwenaël Imfeld, Ehssan Torabi, University of Tehran, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique moléculaire, génomique, microbiologie (GMGM), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pesticide degradation, Actinobacteria, Soil, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Acetamides, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Soil Microbiology, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Herbicides, Chloroacetanilide herbicides, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Soil type, Carbon isotope fractionation, Biodegradation, Environmental, Bacterial diversity, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Acetanilides, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Microcosm, Metolachlor, Desulfuromonadales, Butachlor
Abstract: International audience; The soil dissipation of the widely used herbicides S-metolachlor (SM) and butachlor (BUT) was evaluated in laboratory microcosms at two environmentally relevant doses (15 and 150 mg/g) and for two agricultural soils (crop and paddy). Over 80% of SM and BUT were dissipated within 60 and 30 days, respectively, except in experiments with crop soil at 150 mg/g. Based on compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and observed dissipation, biodegradation was the main process responsible for the observed decrease of SM and BUT in the paddy soil. For SM, biodegradation dominated over other dissipation processes, with changes of carbon isotope ratios (Dd 13 C) of up to 6.5‰ after 60 days, and concomitant production of ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OXA) transformation products. In crop soil experiments, biodegradation of SM occurred to a lesser extent than in paddy soil, and sorption was the main driver of apparent BUT dissipation. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that soil type and duration of herbicide exposure were the main determinants of bacterial community variation. In contrast, herbicide identity and spiking dose had no significant effect. In paddy soil experiments, a high (4:1, V/V) ESA to OXA ratio for SM was observed, and phylotypes assigned to anaerobic Clostridiales and sulfur re-ducers such as Desulfuromonadales and Syntrophobacterales were dominant for both herbicides. Crop soil microcosms, in contrast, were associated with a reverse, low (1:3, V/V) ratio of ESA to OXA for SM, and Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacillales dominated regardless of the herbicide. Our results emphasize the variability in the extent and modes of SM and BUT dissipation in agricultural soils, and in associated changes in bacterial communities.
Published: 2020

13. Active transform faults in the Gulf of Guinea: insights from geophysical data and implications for seismic hazard assessment

Author: Paul Bernard, Paulina Amponsah, Mustapha Meghraoui, Bekoa Ateba, Dynamique globale et déformation active (IPGS) (IPGS-DGDA), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Géologie - océans - lithosphère - sédiments (IPGS) (IPGS-GEOLS), and Institut de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (IRGM)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Seismotectonics, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Transform fault, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, West africa, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Submarine pipeline, Seismic hazard assessment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Seismology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The seismotectonics of Western Africa show the occurrence of major earthquakes (e.g., 1636 southwestern Ghana, 1855 offshore Monrovia, 1939 offshore Accra, and 1983 Gaoual-Guinea) and prominent offshore transform faults. However, there is no analysis that links the continental active tectonics with the oceanic fault zones of the Gulf of Guinea. We study the active tectonics by firstly mapping the main transform faults using a combination of bathymetric, gravimetric, and magnetic data. The data analysis associates regional seismicity (historical and instrumental) with focal mechanisms as extracted from the recently published seismotectonic map of Africa. We identify active transform faults, the Chain (CFZ), Romanche (RFZ), Saint Paul (SPFZ), and Arkhangelskiy (AFZ) fault zones. We also calculate strain rates on these faults from Late Cretaceous (–85 Ma) to present time using paleomagnetic data and infer slip rates from the seismic moment data. The strain rates show a first stable trend around 2 cm/year and then accelerate to 4 cm/year in the last 10 million years. The comparison of Late Quaternary strain rates with geodetic strain rates shows an accumulation of seismic energy that could lead to the initiation of an Mw 7–7.5 earthquakes on the Saint Paul transform fault. Our seismotectonic analysis clearly links oceanic and continental tectonics, with about a 20°–30° anticlockwise fault trend rotation for CFZ, RFZ, and SPFZ. The potential for the occurrence of large earthquakes in the Gulf of Guinea should be taken into account for a realistic regional seismic and tsunami hazard of the Gulf of Guinea.
Published: 2019

14. Tectono-magmatic Interplay and Related Metasomatism in Gabbros of the Chenaillet Ophiolite (Western Alps)

Author: Luisa Ottolini, Maria Rosaria Renna, Riccardo Tribuzio, Gianreto Manatschal, Alberto Zanetti, Géologie - océans - lithosphère - sédiments (IPGS) (IPGS-GEOLS), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lower oceanic crust, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Geochemistry, trace elements, detach- ment fault, amphibole, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Ophiolite, 01 natural sciences, gabbro mylonite, felsic veins, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Metasomatism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Jurassic Chenaillet ophiolite in the Western Alps consists of a gabbro–mantle association exhumed to the seafloor through detachment faulting and partly covered by basaltic lavas. One of the Chenaillet gabbroic bodies includes mylonites that are transected by a network of felsic veins, thereby testifying to the interplay of ductile shearing and magma emplacement. The deformed gabbros preserve clinopyroxene porphyroclasts of primary magmatic origin, which are typically mantled by amphibole (titanian edenite) and minor secondary clinopyroxene. Titanian edenite and secondary clinopyroxene also occur as fine-grained syn-kinematic phases locally associated with fine-grained plagioclase. The felsic veins are made up of anorthite-poor plagioclase and minor titanian edenite. Geothermometric investigations document that the ductile gabbro deformation and the crystallization of the felsic veins occurred at 765 ± 50 °C and 800 ± 55 °C, respectively. With respect to undeformed counterparts, the deformed gabbros are variably enriched in SiO2 and variably depleted in Mg/(Mg + Fetot2+) and Ca/(Ca + Na). In addition, the deformed gabbros show relatively high concentrations of incompatible trace elements such as rare earth elements (REE), Y, Zr and Nb. The felsic veins are characterized by low Mg/(Mg + Fetot2+) and Ca/(Ca + Na), high SiO2 and high concentrations of incompatible trace elements. Relict clinopyroxene porphyroclasts from the deformed gabbros display a rather primitive, mid-ocean ridge-type geochemical signature, which contrasts with the trace element fingerprint of titanian edenite from both the deformed gabbros and the felsic veins. For instance, titanian edenite typically has relatively high REE abundances, with chondrite-normalized REE patterns characterized by a pronounced negative Eu anomaly. A similar trace element signature is shown by secondary clinopyroxene from the deformed gabbros. Amphibole from both the deformed gabbros and the felsic veins displays high F/Cl values. We show that the SiO2-rich hydrous melts feeding the felsic veins were involved in the high-temperature gabbro deformation and that melt–gabbro reactions led to major and trace element metasomatism of the deforming gabbros.
Published: 2019

15. Heat flow density estimates in the Upper Rhine Graben using laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity on sedimentary rocks

Author: Harlé, Pauline, Kushnir, Alexandra, Aichholzer, Coralie, Heap, Michael, Hehn, Régis, Maurer, Vincent, Baud, Patrick, Richard, Alexandre, Genter, Albert, Duringer, Philippe, Dynamique de la lithosphère et des bassins sédimentaires (IPGS) (IPGS-Dylbas), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géophysique expérimentale (IPGS) (IPGS-GE), ESGéothermie (GroupeES), Groupe Electricite de Strasbourg, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Upper Rhine Graben, Rittershoffen, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lcsh:TJ807-830, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Temperature, lcsh:Renewable energy sources, Saturation, Geothermal energy, lcsh:Geology, Thermal conductivity, Sedimentary rocks, Soultz-sous-Forêts, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Heat flow density
Abstract: International audience; The Upper Rhine Graben (URG) has been extensively studied for geothermal exploitation over the past decades. Yet, the thermal conductivity of the sedimentary cover is still poorly constrained, limiting our ability to provide robust heat flow density estimates. To improve our understanding of heat flow density in the URG, we present a new large thermal conductivity database for sedimentary rocks collected at outcrops in the area including measurements on (1) dry rocks at ambient temperature (dry); (2) dry rocks at high temperature (hot) and (3) water-saturated rocks at ambient temperature (wet). These measurements, covering the various lithologies composing the sedimentary sequence, are associated with equilibrium-temperature profiles measured in the Soultz-sous-Forêts wells and in the GRT-1 borehole (Rittershoffen) (all in France). Heat flow density values considering the various experimental thermal conductivity conditions were obtained for different depth intervals in the wells along with average values for the whole boreholes. The results agree with the previous heat flow density estimates based on dry rocks but more importantly highlight that accounting for the effect of temperature and water saturation of the formations is crucial to providing accurate heat flow density estimates in a sedimentary basin. For Soultz-sous-Forêts, we calculate average conductive heat flow density to be 127 mW/m 2 when considering hot rocks and 184 mW/m 2 for wet rocks. Heat flow density in the GRT-1 well is estimated at 109 and 164 mW/m 2 for hot and wet rocks, respectively. Results from the Rit-tershoffen well suggest that heat flow density is nearly constant with depth, contrary to the observations for the Soultz-sous-Forêts site. Our results show a positive heat flow density anomaly in the Jurassic formations, which could be explained by a combined effect of a higher radiogenic heat production in the Jurassic sediments and thermal disturbance caused by the presence of the major faults close to the Soultz-sous-Forêts geothermal site. Although additional data are required to improve these estimates and our understanding of the thermal processes, we consider the heat flow densities estimated herein as the most reliable currently available for the URG.
Published: 2019

16. Physical Properties of Interfacial Layers Developed on Weathered Silicates: A Case Study Based on Labradorite Feldspar

Author: Ian C. Bourg, Damien Daval, Bastien Wild, Claire E. White, Jean Sébastien Micha, Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Earth Science Division [LBNL Berkeley] (ESD), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Géochimie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Materials science, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Feldspar, 01 natural sciences, Silicate, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, chemistry.chemical_compound, General Energy, chemistry, Chemical engineering, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Dissolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Labradorite
Abstract: Amorphous silica-rich surface layers (ASSLs) formed at the interface between silicate materials and reacting fluids are known to strongly influence, at least in some cases, the dissolution rates of...
Published: 2019

17. Monitoring ice-calving at the Astrolabe glacier (Antarctica) with seismological and Sentinel-2 satellite data

Author: Provost, Floriane, Malet, Jean-Philippe, Zigone, Dimitri, Le Meur, Emmanuel, Hibert, Clément, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Résif, and MALERBA, Solène
Subjects: Sismologie, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], RESIF, [SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Seismology
Abstract: International audience; Better understanding the global (e.g. ice mass balance, ice motion) and local (e.g. fissures and calving processes, basal melting, sea-ice interactions) dynamics of tidewater Antarctic outlet glaciers is of paramount importance to simulate the ice-sheet response to global warming. The Astrolable glacier is located in Terre Adélie (140°E, 67°S) near the Dumont d'Urville French research station. Recently, a large fissure of around 3km has been observed in the western shore of the glacier which could lead to a calving of ca. 28km2. We used two monitoring techniques: optical remote sensing and seismology to analyze changes in the activity of the glacier. We computed the surface velocity and strain rates from time series of multispectral Sentinel-2 imagery. The joint analysis of the seismological data and the velocity and strain maps are discussed with the recent evolution of the ice-shelf. The strain maps show complex patterns of extension and compression areas with a seasonal increase during the summer months. The number of calving events significantly increased during 2016-2021 in comparison with the period 2012-2016.
Published: 2021

18. Envirosciences-Pyrénées : solutions de station de mesures multi-paramètres autonomes et bas-coût en géosciences. Mesures co-localisées de paramètres géodésiques, météorologiques et sismologiques en réseau dense

Author: Broucke, Céleste, Bès De Berc, Maxime, Vidal, Maurin, Malet, Jean-Philippe, Sénéchal, G., Besso, Romain, Letort, Jean, Pauchet, Hélène, Grimaud, Franck, Hibert, Clément, Lebourg, Thomas, Masson, Frédéric, Rolland, Lucie, Lespine, Laurent, Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs (LFCR), TOTAL FINA ELF-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office national des forêts (ONF), Résif, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Office National des Forêts (ONF)
Subjects: Sismologie, Géodésie, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], RESIF, France, Seismology, Geodesy
Abstract: International audience; Le projet Envirosciences-Pyrénées a pour objectif de créer des catalogues d'évènements hydro-gravitaires et tectoniques dans deux territoires spécifiques des Pyrénées : le Pays Toy et le Béarn. Le manque d'information sur la localisation et la date d'occurrence de phénomènes naturels en montagne soulève le besoin de déployer des réseaux denses de stations de mesures multi-paramètres. Fin 2022, une cinquantaine de stations autonomes en temps réel seront déployées sur les deux territoires, avec des localisations à la fois dans les vallées et les hauts de versant, et ce durant 10 ans. Chaque station consistera en une antenne sismologique, météorologique et de géodésie spatiale (GNSS). Dans ce cadre, l'École et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST, Strasbourg) et GéoAzur (Nice) ont conçu et réalisé en partenariat un prototype de station intégrée modulaire et low-cost, associant plusieurs types de capteurs (géophone 4.5 Hz, récepteur GNSS et station météorologique), un module de numérisation haute-fréquence, un module de communication et un module d'alimentation (principalement par énergie solaire).
Published: 2021

19. U- and Th- series disequilibria in separated soil mineral fractions: Insight into the mechanism and timescale of U, Th and Ra redistribution

Author: P.O. Redon, C. Galy, Sophie Rihs, Laurent Pourcelot, E. Lascar, P. Calmon, François Chabaux, Eric Pelt, Marie-Pierre Turpault, Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Radionuclide, Mineral, Bulk soil, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Soil science, Weathering, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Soil water, Erosion, Organic matter, Nuclide, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In recent decades, U- and Th- series nuclides have been successfully used to determine weathering rates in soils and regoliths. However, the redistribution of the nuclides within secondary minerals and/or organic matter may interfere with the recorded U- and Th-series weathering signals and can result in inaccurate and/or poorly constrained weathering rate determinations. In addition, the migration of radionuclides in the environment represents a major current issue. The objective of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the meaning of bulk soil data for weathering investigations and to assess the processes and timescales of U, Th and Ra redistribution in a forested-soil profile, both at the bulk soil scale level and for separated mineral fractions. This study was carried out at the INRAE-Andra experimental beech-forested site of Montiers (Meuse, France), which was developed on acidic detrital sediments inherited from tropical paleosoils erosion. U- and Th-series activity nuclides were measured in bulk soil samples and in separated Fe nodules and clay-size ( While bulk soil disequilibria suggested negligible to moderate mobility of the nuclides, an important transfer between mineral fractions was highlighted; this resulted in contrasting redistributions of U, Th and Ra within soil fractions. Fe-oxide nodules controlled the overall mobility of U on the bulk soil scale, while the fine Our results suggest that the fine
Published: 2021

20. Discovery of recent volcanic and tectonic provinces along the Comoros archipelago (North Mozambique Channel) ─ Preliminary results of the SISMAORE oceanographic cruise (ANR-COYOTES project)

Author: Thinon, Isabelle, Lemoine, Anne, Leroy, Sylvie, Ali, Said, Berthod, Carole, Bernard, Julien, Bignon, Julie, Boymond, Pierre, Bujan, Stéphane, Canva, Albane, Chamot-Rooke, Nicolas, Clouard, Valérie, Dassie, Emilie, Delescluse, Matthias, Doubre, Cécile, Famin, Vincent, Feuillet, Nathalie, Franke, Dieter, Jacques, Eric, Jorry, Stephan, Masquelet, Charles, Mercury, Nicolas, Paquet, Fabien, Roche, Vincent, Rolandone, Frédérique, Rusquet, Anais, Sadeski, Ludivine, Scalabrin, Carla, Abdoulhamid, Sitti Allaouia, Woerd, Jerome van Der, Watremez, Louise, Zaragosi, Sébastien, Michon, Laurent, Bachelery, Patrick, Deplus, Christine, Sauter, Daniel, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Comores, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université de La Réunion - Faculté des Sciences et Technologies (FST), Université de La Réunion (UR), Faculté des sciences de la vie (Université de Strasbourg), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), ANR-19-CE31-0018, SGF, CNRS, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon ou l’étude de la Terre, des planètes et de l’environnement, ANR-19-CE31-0018,COYOTES,COmores & maYotte : vOlcanisme, TEctonique et Sismicité(2019), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Strasbourg - UFR Mathématique et Informatique (UNISTRA UFR MI), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Comoros archipelago, Mayotte, inheritance, ANR COYOTES, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mozambique Channel, Recent tectonic and volcanic deformation, SISMAORE
Abstract: International audience; A new geophysical and geological dataset, acquired during the SISMAORE oceanographic campaign (2020-2021), reveals a recent tectonic and volcanic deformation distributed over 130km in the abyssal plain that permit to unravel the unconstrained lithospheric plate boundaries between Lwandle and Somalia blocks and the controversial origin of the Comoros Archipelago.Two recent submarine volcanic and tectonic provinces of 5000km2 , with a large number of varied volcanic structures and faults, are unveiled: the N160° N'Droundé (north of GrandeComore) and the N130° Mwezi provinces (north of Anjouan/Mayotte). Dredged Mwezi rocks suggest a recent gas-rich volcanic activity. It is also identified a recent N130° trending volcanic structures (cones, lava flows, eruptive fissures) between Anjouan and Mayotte in agreement with the presence of shallow earthquakes, and also recent lava flows on the southern flanks of the Grande Comore and Moheli. Southwards, recent sedimentation is important with no volcanism and deformation. A consistent sedimentary thickness covers the flanks of Mayotte and Anjouan and the presence of large areas of submarine instability at the foot and on the slope of the islands is confirmed.These first observations suggest a transtensional deformation, accommodated by dextral strike-slip motion, strongly influenced by pre-existing structuration of the Mesozoic oceanic crust and by the East Africa Rift system. The 130km wide zone of intraplate deformationcharacterizes an immature lithospheric plate boundary of the north Lwandle block.
Published: 2021

21. Commentaires sur l'Article de Karimi et al. (2021), EGS, 28, 71-92

Author: Imfeld, Gwenael, Duplay, Joelle, Payraudeau, Sylvain, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DUPLAY, Joelle
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, copper, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, toxicity, soil biodiversity, sustainable vine growing, soil
Abstract: Consideration of copper storage and availability in vineyard soils to assess its ecotoxicity. Comments on the article by Karimi, et al (2021)-Ecotoxicity of copper input and accumulation for soil biodiversity in vineyards. Etude et Gestion des Sols, 28 (1), p. 71-92. Studies of the ecotoxicological impact of copper in vineyard soils are generally based on the effect of adding a specific dose of copper (Cu). However, the soil properties and the dynamics of Cu storage in the soil must also be taken into account to determine at the vineyard and wine-growing region level the ecotoxicity thresholds that should not be exceeded to maintain good soil biological quality. The use of Cu up to 28 kg/ha for seven years, in accordance with current European regulations, generally postpones the deadline for exceeding the Cu ecotoxicity threshold impacting soil biodiversity. However, an improvement in the quality and sustainability of wine production in Europe requires an adapted local use and a more specific evaluation of the impact of copper accounting for the trajectory of Cu accumulation and availability in the soil., Les études de l'impact écotoxicologique du cuivre dans les sols viticoles reposent généralement sur l'effet de l'ajout d'une dose spécifique de cuivre (Cu). Cependant, les propriétés du sol et la dynamique de stockage du Cu dans le sol doivent également être prises en compte pour déterminer à l'échelle du vignoble et de la région viticole les seuils d'écotoxicité à ne pas dépasser pour conserver une bonne qualité biologique du sol. Une utilisation de Cu jusqu'à 28 kg/ha pendant sept ans, conformément à la réglementation européenne actuelle, repousse globalement l'échéance de dépassement du seuil d'écotoxicité du Cu impactant la biodiversité des sols. Toutefois, une amélioration de la qualité et de la durabilité de la production viticole en Europe passe par une utilisation locale adaptée et une évaluation de l'impact du cuivre plus spécifique, tenant également compte de la trajectoire de l'accumulation et de la disponibilité du Cu dans le sol. Mots-clés : cuivre ; sol ; biodiversité des sols ; toxicité ; viticulture durable
Published: 2021

22. Integrative analysis of the mineralogical and chemical composition of modern microbialites from ten Mexican lakes: What do we learn about their formation?

Author: Karim Benzerara, Purificación López-García, Elodie Muller, David Moreira, Nina Zeyen, Damien Daval, Christophe Thomazo, Elodie Duprat, Rosaluz Tavera, Olivier Beyssac, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and ANR-18-CE02-0013,Microbialites,Déterminants biogéochimiques de la formation des microbialites(2018)
Subjects: (Mg-)calcite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, REE+Y, Dolomite, Geochemistry, alkalinity, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, aragonite, chemistry.chemical_compound, monohydrocalcite, Geochemistry and Petrology, hydromagnesite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, Aragonite, Trace element, microbialites, Authigenic, 6. Clean water, Diagenesis, Monohydrocalcite, crater lake, chemistry, 13. Climate action, kerolite, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, engineering, Carbonate
Abstract: International audience; Interpreting the environmental conditions under which ancient microbialites formed relies upon comparisons with modern analogues. This is why we need a detailed reference framework relating the chemical and mineralogical compositions of modern microbialites to the physical and chemical parameters prevailing in the environments where they form. Here, we measured the chemical, including major and trace elements, and mineralogical composition of microbialites from ten Mexican lakes as well as the chemical composition of the surrounding waters. Saturation states of lakes with different mineral phases were systematically determined and correlations between solution and solid chemical analyses were assessed using multivariate analyses. A large diversity of microbialites was observed in terms of mineralogical composition, with occurrence of diverse carbonate phases such as (Mg-)calcite, monohydrocalcite, aragonite, hydromagnesite, and dolomite as well as authigenic Mg-silicate phases (kerolite and/or stevensite). All lakes harbouring microbialites were saturated or supersaturated with monohydrocalcite, suggesting that such a saturation state might be required for the onset of microbialite formation and that precursor soluble phases such as amorphous calcium carbonate and monohydrocalcite play a pivotal role in these lakes. Subsequently, monohydrocalcite transforms partly or completely to aragonite or Mg-calcite, depending on the lake (Mg/Ca)aq. Moreover, lakes harbouring hydromagnesite-containing microbialites were saturated with an amorphous magnesium carbonate phase, supporting again the involvement of precursor carbonate phases. Last, authigenic Mg-silicates formed by homogenous or heterogenous nucleation in lakes saturated or supersaturated with a phase reported in the literature as “amorphous sepiolite” and with a H4SiO4 concentration superior to 0.2 mM. A strong correlation between the alkalinity and the salinity of all the lakes was observed. The observed large variations of alkalinity between the lakes relate to varying concentration stages of an initial alkaline dilute water, due to a varying hydrochemical functioning. In all cases, the size of microbialites in the lakes correlated positively with salinity, (Mg/Ca)aq ratio and alkalinity. The trace element compositions of the microbialites also varied significantly between the lakes. Detrital contamination of the studied microbialites was the major factor affecting their rare earth elements (REE) + Y patterns. In particular, the microbialites highly affected by detrital contamination showed a high (REE + Y) content and flat (REE + Y) patterns. In contrast, some microbialites poorly affected by detrital contamination showed (REE + Y) patterns with features commonly reported for marine microbialites, such as a superchondritic Y/Ho ratio, enrichment in heavy REE and a negative Ce anomaly. This last observation questions the possibility to infer the marine versus lacustrine origin of a microbialite based on (REE + Y) patterns only. Overall, while microorganisms can impact nucleation processes and textural arrangements in microbialites, we observe that the hydrogeochemical evolution of lakes exerts a primary control over the onset of microbialite formation and the evolution of their chemical and mineralogical composition. Moreover, while changes of all these chemical and mineralogical features upon diagenesis and metamorphism will need to be assessed, the present study, together with recent meta-analyses of modern microbialites, broadens the set of modern references available for comparisons with geological archives.
Published: 2021

23. Direct measurement of fungal contribution to silicate weathering rates in soil

Author: Bastien Wild, Damien Daval, Gwenaël Imfeld, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Olivine, Geology, Weathering, 15. Life on land, engineering.material, Silicate, Groundwater chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flux (metallurgy), Weathering rate, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, engineering, Ecosystem, Dissolution
Abstract: Chemical weathering produces solutes that control groundwater chemistry and supply ecosystems with essential nutrients. Although microbial activity influences silicate weathering rates and associated nutrient fluxes, its relative contribution to silicate weathering in natural settings remains largely unknown. We provide the first quantitative estimates of in situ silicate weathering rates that account for microbially induced dissolution and identify microbial actors associated with weathering. Nanoscale topography measurements showed that fungi colonizing olivine [(Mg,Fe)2SiO4] samples in a Mg-deficient forest soil accounted for up to 16% of the weathering flux after 9 mo of incubation. A local increase in olivine weathering rate was measured and attributed to fungal hyphae of Verticillium sp. Altogether, this approach provides quantitative parameters of bioweathering (i.e., rates and actors) and opens new avenues to improve elemental budgets in natural settings.
Published: 2021

24. Phase Transfer and Biodegradation of Pesticides in Water–Sediment Systems Explored by Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis and Conceptual Modeling

Author: Gwenaël Imfeld, Loïc Maurer, Guillaume Drouin, Boris Droz, Sylvain Payraudeau, Claire Villette, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-18-CE32-0007,PESTIPOND,Rôle des retenues d'eau artificielles et naturelles dans le transfert et l'impact des pesticides dans les eaux de surface de la zone critique en milieu agricole(2018)
Subjects: Carbon Isotopes, Herbicides, Chemistry, Water, General Chemistry, Fractionation, 010501 environmental sciences, Pesticide, Biodegradation, 01 natural sciences, Anoxic waters, 6. Clean water, Biodegradation, Environmental, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Pesticide degradation, Environmental Chemistry, Degradation (geology), [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Pesticides, Microcosm, Water Pollutants, Chemical, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis
Abstract: Current approaches are often limited to evaluating the contribution of pesticide dissipation processes in water-sediment systems as both degradation and phase transfer, that is, sorption-desorption, contribute to the apparent decrease of pesticide concentration. Here, the dissipation of widely used herbicides acetochlor and S-metolachlor was examined in laboratory by water-sediment microcosm experiments under oxic and anoxic conditions. Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) emphasized insignificant carbon isotope fractionation in the sediment, indicating prevailing pesticide degradation in the water phase. Conceptual modeling accounting for phase transfer and biodegradation indicated that biodegradation may be underestimated when phase transfer is not included. Phase transfer does not affect carbon isotope fractionation for a wide spectrum of molecules and environmental conditions, underscoring the potential of pesticide CSIA as a robust approach to evaluate degradation in water-sediment systems. CSIA coupled with the identification of transformation products by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry suggests the degradation of acetochlor and S-metolachlor to occur via nucleophilic substitution and the predominance of oxalinic acids as transformation products under both anoxic and oxic conditions. Altogether, combining the pesticide CSIA, the identification of transformation products, and the use of conceptual phase-transfer models improves the interpretation of pesticide dissipation in water-sediment systems.
Published: 2021

25. The transversal seismicity action RESIF : a tool to improve the distribution of the French seismicity products

Author: Masson, Frédéric, Auclair, Samuel, Bertil, Didier, Grunberg, Marc, HERNANDEZ, Bruno, Lambotte, Sophie, Mazet-Roux, Gilles, Provost, Ludmila, Saurel, Jean-Marie, Schlupp, Antoine, Sira, Christophe, Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Centre d'Études de Limeil-Valenton (CEA-DAM), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), PSE-ENV/SCAN/BERSSIN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Sismologie, bulletins and catalogues, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], shakemap, Sismicité, France, macroseismicity data, French seismicity, Résif, Seismology
Abstract: In recent years, the French seismological, geodetic and gravimetric community has been structured within RESIF (French seismological and geodetic network). In addition to instrumental developments, RESIF has structured the work on French seismicity (metropolitan and overseas) within the RESIF transverse seismicity action (ATS). The purpose of this article is to present the ATS and the way it is structured to propose to the community different products: seismicity bulletin and catalogue, historical and instrumental macroseismicity data, shakemaps. The places where these products can be found are indicated, as well as the way they are realized and the improvements in progress for a better realization and availability. The link with EPOS (European plate observing system) is also underlined.; Ces dernières années, la communauté sismologique, géodésique et gravimétrique française s'est structurée au sein de RESIF (Réseau sismologique et géodésique français). Outre les développements instrumentaux, RESIF a structuré les travaux sur la sismicité française (métropole et outre-mer) au sein de l'Action transverse sismicité (ATS) de RESIF. L'objet de cet article est de présenter l'ATS et la manière dont elle est structurée pour proposer à la communauté différents produits : bulletin et catalogue de sismicité, données historiques et instrumentales de macrosismicité, shakemaps. Les endroits où ces produits peuvent être trouvés sont indiqués, ainsi que la façon dont ils sont réalisés et les améliorations en cours pour une meilleure réalisation et disponibilité. Le lien avec EPOS (European plate observing system) est également souligné.
Published: 2021

26. Petrophysical properties of the Muschelkalk from the Soultz-sous-Forêts geothermal site (France), an important lithostratigraphic unit for geothermal exploitation in the Upper Rhine Graben

Author: Heap, Michael J., Kushnir, Alexandra R. L., Gilg, H. Albert, Violay, Marie, Harlé, Pauline, Baud, Patrick, Géophysique expérimentale (IPGS) (IPGS-GE), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Technical University of Munich (TUM)
Subjects: lcsh:Geology, Thermal properties, P-wave velocity, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lcsh:TJ807-830, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Renewable energy sources, Uniaxial compressive strength, Muschelkalk, Porosity, Microstructure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The Muschelkalk, composed of Triassic limestones, marls, dolomites, and evaporites, forms part of the Permo-Triassic cover of sedimentary rocks that directly overlies the fractured granitic reservoir used for geothermal energy exploitation in the Upper Rhine Graben. Petrophysical data for this lithostratigraphic unit are sparse, but are of value for reservoir prospection, stimulation, and optimisation strategies at existing and prospective geothermal sites throughout the Upper Rhine Graben. To this end, we present here a systematic microstructural, mineralogical, and petrophysical characterisation of the Muschelkalk core (from the Middle to Lower Muschelkalk; from a depth of ~ 930 to ~ 1001 m) from exploration borehole EPS-1 at Soultz-sous-Forêts (France). First, we assessed the microstructure and mineral content of samples from six depths that we consider represent the variability of the available core. The majority of the core is composed of fine-grained, interbedded dolomites and marls; however, anhydrite and a dolomitic sandstone bank were found in the Upper and Lower Muschelkalk core, respectively. A larger suite of samples (from fifteen depths, including the six depths chosen for microstructural and mineral content analysis) were then characterised in terms of their petrophysical properties. The matrix porosity of the measured Muschelkalk samples is low, from ~ 0.01 to ~ 0.1, and their matrix permeability is below the resolution of our permeameter (≪ 10−18 m2). P-wave velocity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity per unit volume, Young’s modulus, and uniaxial compressive strength range from 2.60 to 5.37 km/s, 2.42 to 5.72 W/mK, 1.19 to 2.46 mm2/s, 1.63 to 2.46 MJ/m3 K, 9.4 to 39.5 GPa, and 55.1 to 257.6 MPa, respectively. Therefore, and despite the narrow range of porosity, the petrophysical properties of the Muschelkalk are highly variable. We compare these new data with those recently acquired for the Buntsandstein unit (the Permo-Triassic unit immediately below the Muschelkalk) and thus provide an overview of the petrophysical properties of the two sedimentary units that directly overly the fractured granitic reservoir.
Published: 2019

27. P- and S-wave velocity of dry, water-saturated, and frozen basalt: Implications for the interpretation of Martian seismic data

Author: Michael J. Heap, Géophysique expérimentale (IPGS) (IPGS-GE), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Martian, Basalt, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Mineralogy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Interpretation (model theory), chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Martian surface, 0103 physical sciences, S-wave, Dry water, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Water ice, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Highlights • Velocities of porous basalt decrease as a function of increasing porosity. • Velocities of porous basalt depend on pore aspect ratio. • Velocities of water ice-saturated basalt are higher than gaseous CO2- or liquid water-saturated basalt. • Presented modelling could improve interpretations of the seismic data collected by the InSight lander. The theoretical predictions for the P- and S-wave velocity of basalt with pore spaces filled with gaseous CO2, liquid water, or water ice presented herein could help improve interpretations of the seismic data collected by NASA's InSight lander, which landed on the Martian surface in November 2018.
Published: 2019

28. Stress characterization and temporal evolution of borehole failure at the Rittershoffen geothermal project

Author: Jérôme Azzola, Benoît Valley, Jean Schmittbuhl, Albert Genter, Sismologie (IPGS) (IPGS-Sismologie), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), GEIE Exploitation Minière de la Chaleur, and GEIE
Subjects: lcsh:Geology, lcsh:Stratigraphy, Geography & travel, 13. Climate action, lcsh:QE1-996.5, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], ddc:910, lcsh:QE640-699
Abstract: In the Upper Rhine Graben, several innovative projects based on enhanced geothermal system (EGS) technology exploit local deep-fractured geothermal reservoirs. The principle underlying this technology consists of increasing the hydraulic performances of the natural fractures using different stimulation methods in order to circulate the natural brine at commercial flow rates. For this purpose, knowledge of the in situ stress state is of central importance to predict the response of the rock mass to different stimulation programs. Here, we propose a characterization of the in situ stress state from the analysis of ultrasonic borehole imager (UBI) data acquired at different key moments of the reservoir development using a specific image correlation technique. This unique dataset has been obtained from the open-hole sections of the two deep wells (GRT-1 and GRT-2, ∼2500 m) at the geothermal site of Rittershoffen, France. We based our analysis on the geometry of breakouts and drilling-induced tension fractures (DITFs). A transitional stress regime between strike-slip and normal faulting consistent with the neighboring site of Soultz-sous-Forêts is evident. The time-lapse dataset enables us to analyze both in time and space the evolution of the structures over 2 years after drilling. The image correlation approach developed for time-lapse UBI images shows that breakouts extend along the borehole with time and widen (i.e., angular opening between the edges of the breakouts) but do not deepen (i.e., increase in the maximal radius of the breakouts). The breakout widening is explained by wellbore thermal equilibration. A significant stress rotation at depth is evident. It is shown to be controlled by a major fault zone and not by the sediment–basement interface. Our analysis does not reveal any significant change in the stress magnitude in the reservoir.
Published: 2019

29. Tectono‐Sedimentary Analysis of the Hyperextended Liwan Sag Basin (Midnorthern Margin of the South China Sea)

Author: Gianreto Manatschal, Z. Sun, B. Liu, J. Zheng, C. Zhang, X. Pang, Ming Su, Géologie - océans - lithosphère - sédiments (IPGS) (IPGS-GEOLS), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: South china, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Margin (machine learning), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Sedimentary rock, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Decoupling (electronics), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

30. Efficient Reduction of Iron Oxides byPaenibacillusspp. Strains Isolated from Tropical Soils

Author: Stéphanie Loyaux-Lawniczak, Stéphane Vuilleumier, Valérie A. Geoffroy, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique moléculaire, génomique, microbiologie (GMGM), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biotechnologie et signalisation cellulaire (BSC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de recherche de l'Ecole de biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Goethite, 030106 microbiology, chemistry.chemical_element, Manganese, 010501 environmental sciences, Direct reduced iron, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Ferrous, Metal, 03 medical and health sciences, Paenibacillus, Ferrihydrite, Iron bacteria, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, biology, food and beverages, Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]/Microbiologie et Parasitologie, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium
Abstract: The genus Paenibacillus was hardly described as a Fe(III)-reducing agent, only limited to reduce soluble forms or Fe inserted in poorly crystallized structures. In this study, three Paenibacillus strains capable of reducing manganese oxides in addition to iron oxides were isolated from Cameroonian and Brazilian soils. These strains reduced iron minerals from poorly crystallized 2-line ferrihydrite to well-crystallized Al-substituted and pure goethite with a significant production of soluble ferrous iron. These Paenibacillus strains, inhabitants from ferralitic temporarily waterlogged soils, could play an important role in the bioweathering of minerals and metal mobility in soils.
Published: 2019

31. Sub-vertical low-velocity zone from P and S wave local tomography of the aftershock sequence of the Mw5.9 Chenoua (Algeria) earthquake of October 29, 1989: relict of the Miocene Eurasia–Africa suture zone?

Author: Jérôme Van der Woerd, Catherine Dorbath, Maya Aouad, Abdallah Bounif, Équipe 'Rythme, vie et mort de la rétine', Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique globale et déformation active (IPGS) (IPGS-DGDA), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, Seismotectonics, Anticline, Sedimentary basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Suture (geology), Low-velocity zone, Structural geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, Aftershock, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Travel time data from the aftershock sequence following the Mw5.9 Chenoua earthquake of October 29, 1989 are inverted to obtain a three-dimensional tomographic image of the region. The data are P and S wave travel times obtained from 394 carefully selected aftershocks recorded at 18 temporary stations between November 7 and 18, 1989. A three-dimensional P wave velocity model down to a depth of 10 km is obtained. At shallow depth, the velocity contrasts clearly outline the Plio-Quaternary sedimentary basins separated by the Chenoua bedrock high. Below 4 km, a sub-vertical east–west low-velocity zone can be seen down to the limit of the resolved model. The fault activated during the Chenoua event, as depicted by the aftershocks distribution is oblique to this structure and north of it. The location and geometry of the low-velocity zone suggest it may correspond to a structure belonging to the suture between Eurasia and Africa, a former north dipping subduction zone, now a block boundary inherited from the Miocene collision phase. This structure may partly constrain the shallower deformation and could be responsible of the localized Sahel anticline north of the stable Mitidja basin.
Published: 2019

32. Constraining Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Magma Migration at Piton De La Fournaise Volcano From Pre‐eruptive Seismicity

Author: Duputel, Z., Lengliné, O., Ferrazzini, V., Sismologie (IPGS) (IPGS-Sismologie), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Volcanology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], volcano seismicity, Induced seismicity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Volcano Monitoring, Intrusion, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Research Letter, Magma Migration and Fragmentation, Solid Earth, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, magma migration, template matching, geography, Geological, Effusive Volcanism, geography.geographical_feature_category, Volcano Seismology, Research Letters, Piton de la Fournaise, Geophysics, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Magma, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Natural Hazards, Geology
Abstract: Volcano‐tectonic seismicity has been recorded for decades on various volcanoes and is linked with the magma transport and reservoir pressurization. Yet earthquakes often appear broadly distributed such that magma movement is difficult to infer from its analysis. We explore the seismicity that occurred before eruptions at Piton de la Fournaise in the last 5 years. Using template matching and relocation techniques, we produce a refined image of the summit seismicity, demonstrating that most earthquakes are located on a ring structure. However, only a portion of this structure is activated before each eruption, which provides an indication as to the direction of the future eruptive site. Furthermore, we show that the delay between the pre‐eruptive swarm and the eruption onset is proportional to the distance of the eruptive fissures relative to the summit cone. This reveals that the beginning of the intrusion already bears information regarding the future eruption location., Key Points We use a template matching technique to detect and relocate earthquakes during the 13 last eruptive unrests at Piton de la Fournaise volcanoAlmost all detected events are located on a ring‐shaped structure, corresponding to an area of weakness in the upper edifice of the volcanoThe location and timing of pre‐eruptive seismic swarms on this ring‐shaped structure bring information on the future eruptive site
Published: 2019

33. Introduction to 'Orogenic Cycles: From Field Observations to Global Geodynamics'

Author: Virginia Toy, Gideon Rosenbaum, Meghan S. Miller, Gianreto Manatschal, Rodolfo Carosi, Géologie - océans - lithosphère - sédiments (IPGS) (IPGS-GEOLS), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Introduction, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Mountain accident, Tectonics, Geodynamics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Tectonics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Geochemistry and Petrology, Special section, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This Special Section of Tectonics, entitled "Orogenic Cycles: From Field Observations to Global Geodynamics," has been compiled in commemoration of our friend and colleague Dr. Marco Beltrando, who tragically passed away in a mountain accident on 8 December 2015. Dr. Beltrando was a dynamic and inspired young researcher, who had been awarded undergraduate and Master's degrees from
Published: 2019

34. Silica-rich septarian concretions in biogenic silica-poor sediments: A marker of hydrothermal activity at fossil hyper-extended rifted margins (Err nappe, Switzerland)

Author: Stefano M. Bernasconi, Gianreto Manatschal, Nicolò Incerpi, Luca Martire, Axel Gerdes, Géologie - océans - lithosphère - sédiments (IPGS) (IPGS-GEOLS), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chalcedony, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Stratigraphy, Err nappe, Dolomite, Geochemistry, Silica-rich septarian concretions, Biogenic silica, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Nappe, Hydrothermal fluids, Hyper-extended rifted margin, Geology, Concretion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Authigenic, 13. Climate action, Clastic rock, engineering, Sedimentary rock
Abstract: Silica-rich septarian concretions occur within Pliensbachian-Oxfordian syn-rift to early post-rift sediments of the fossil distal Adriatic rifted margin today exposed in the Err nappe (Central Alps). The concretions, ranging in size from few centimeters to about 2 m, consist of partially to completely siliceous spheroidal bodies developed within fine-grained sedimentary rock (mud to fine sand) with no or very scarce content in biogenic silica such as radiolarian tests. These concretions are characterized by a network of septarian cracks filled with chalcedony, quartz and locally, saddle dolomite. Some concretions are in their original position, whereas others are fragmentary and preserved in coarse-grained turbiditic beds, implying that concretionary growth had occurred prior to significant burial. Fluid inclusion temperatures (~150 °C), the positive δ18O values for original fluids (up to +7‰ SMOW), and the high 87Sr/86Sr values of dolomite point to a deep circulation of seawater into fault damage zones developed in granitic basement rocks. In their ascent, these hot, silica-rich fluids crossed compact sediments giving rise to quartz-dolomite veins. Lastly, when reaching the uncompacted soft sediments close to the seafloor, silica (quartz and chalcedony) locally precipitated in sediment pores and/or fissures leading to the formation of the siliceous septarian concretions. The anomalous quartz-rich mineralogy of the concretion body and of the authigenic crack-filling minerals, the occurrence in clastic sediments from deep-water distal rifted margins as well as high formation temperatures represent a new discovery enlarging the spectrum of septarian concretion types and the environment where they may grow. They provide a possible record of the subbottom products of hydrothermal venting typifying hyper-extended rifted margins where extensional detachment faults exhume crustal rocks to the seafloor and lead to an intense fluid-rock interaction and silica enrichment in the fluids.
Published: 2018

35. Rock mass properties and edifice strength data from Pinnacle Ridge, Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand

Author: Michael J. Heap, Jamie Farquharson, Marlene Villeneuve, Ben Kennedy, S. P. Mordensky, Darren M. Gravley, Géophysique expérimentale (IPGS) (IPGS-GE), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Lava, Engineering geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Permeability (earth sciences), Geophysics, Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering), Schmidt hammer, Volcano, Geochemistry and Petrology, Petrology, Rock mass classification, Geothermal gradient, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Volcanic edifices exhibit spatially variable physical and mechanical properties. Magmatic intrusions are common at shallow depths within the volcanic edifice and are a poorly-understood contributor to this spatial variability. Intrusion-related alteration has been found to weaken rock mass strength through the development of joints and fractures; however, there is a paucity of research investigating how intrusions affect rock mass strength specific to the geotechnical units that define the rock masses. In this study, we employ a range of field techniques—field permeametry, rock hardness assessment, rock mass classification, and discontinuity mapping—to characterise an exposed fossil geothermal system produced by a shallow intrusion at Pinnacle Ridge, Mt. Ruapehu (New Zealand). We find that intrusions detrimentally affect the rock mass characteristics of altered brecciated lava margins. The resulting change in rock mass strength may be offset by an increase in intact rock strength as a product of alteration mineral precipitation in microfractures. Consequently, the final strength of the rock mass of the altered brecciated lava margins has the potential to be lowest of any of the geotechnical units in the volcanic edifice. We also conclude that these discontinuities increase permeability of the host rock at distances from the intrusion roughly proportional to 1–2 times the thickness of the intrusion itself under near-surface conditions. The data and conclusions presented in this study help to bridge the gap between the lab- and the field-scale and have immediate relevance to engineering geology and geothermal applications worldwide, and to rock mass classification assessments in volcanic environments.
Published: 2018

36. Identifying the origin of groundwater salinisation in the Sidi El Hani basin (central-eastern Tunisia)

Author: Majdoub Rajouene, Lucas Yann, Dridi Lotfi, M'nassri Soumaia, Schäfer Gerhard, Hachicha Mohamed, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Sabkha, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Evaporite, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Geochemistry, Geology, Aquifer, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Leaching model, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Soil water, engineering, Halite, Leaching (agriculture), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Groundwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: In the Sidi El Hani basin, located in central-eastern Tunisia, a shallow aquifer is the main water source for agricultural practice. However, in the last few decades, it has undergone saline pollution. In this context, this study is carried out to identify the origin of the dissolved species and the processes involved in the increase of groundwater salinisation using hydrochemical tools and geochemical modelling with PHREEQC. To achieve this objective, water analysis was performed on 49 samples collected from 46 shallow wells and 3 observation wells during March and April 2015. The results indicate that for the samples located near the Sabkha Sidi El Hani, the dominant facies of the groundwater is sodium chloride (Na-Cl). The water samples are characterized by high salinity exceeding 6 g.L−1. However, in the centre of the basin, the water samples are a mixed type (Cl-Na-SO4-Ca-Mg). Our results show that salinisation of the groundwater was due to the dissolution of halite, cation exchange, and the precipitation of carbonate minerals such as calcite and dolomite coupled with the dissolution of gypsum, and evaporation. Intensive irrigation in the area leading leaching of salts from the surface soils to deep soil layers are additional factors. This soil leaching is the major process that accounts for salinisation of water and soil; it leads to the accumulation of a bitter brine solution after the precipitation of evaporite minerals.
Published: 2018

37. Thermal resilience of microcracked andesitic dome rocks

Author: Thierry Reuschlé, Yan Lavallée, Michael J. Heap, Jackie E. Kendrick, Rebecca Coats, Nick Varley, Chong-feng Chen, Tao Xu, Géophysique expérimentale (IPGS) (IPGS-GE), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Rock Instability and Seismicity Research, Northeastern University [Boston], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), and University of Liverpool
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Andesite, Lava dome, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Thermal expansion, Geophysics, Compressive strength, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Thermal, Thermal stability, Composite material, Porosity, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The strength of the rocks forming a lava dome informs on its structural stability, important for volcanic hazard assessments. Dome-forming rocks are persistently challenged by thermal stresses from recurring eruptive events that may reduce their strength and jeopardise the structural stability of the dome. Here, we present a series of experiments to better understand the impact of thermal stresses on the strength of an andesitic dome rock from Volcán de Colima (Mexico), a volcano that has witnessed some substantial dome collapses in recent years. Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) was first tested at room temperature on as-collected samples and samples that had undergone either slow (heated and cooled at 1 °C/min) or shock (heated at 1 °C/min and shock-cooled in cold water) thermal stressing to target temperatures of 400–700 °C. Slow- and shock-cooling thermal stressing did not measurably alter sample strength, connected porosity, or permeability. UCS tests performed at high in-situ temperatures (400–700 °C), however, showed an increase in sample strength and stiffness. We interpret that the resistance of this rock to thermal stresses results from both the presence of abundant pre-existing microcracks and the thermal stability of its mineral assemblage. Unchanged physical properties for the thermally stressed samples deformed at room temperature suggests that the pre-existing microcracks close and reopen, respectively, as the rock expands and contracts during heating and cooling to accommodate the volumetric changes without further microcracking. The increase in strength and stiffness at high in-situ temperatures can be explained by the closure of microcracks due to thermal expansion. These observations suggest that the strength of microcracked dome rocks (1) may be slightly higher when hot (below the glass transition of the groundmass glass), although “upscaled” strength estimates highlight that dome strength will be largely unchanged by an increase in temperature, (2) may only be reduced following the first thermal stressing event, and (3) may not be further reduced by repeated thermal stressing events. Therefore, thermal perturbations, often observed at active domes, may not, as perhaps expected, repeatedly degrade the strength of individual blocks forming the lava dome and therefore may not jeopardise dome stability.
Published: 2018

38. Theoretical analysis of the kinetics of precipitation of lizardite and magnesite from olivine alteration

Author: Bertrand Fritz, A. Clement, German Montes-Hernandez, Claudine Noguera, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Oxydes en basses dimensions (INSP-E9), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Alkalinity, Nucleation, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, computer simulation, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, hydrothermal alteration, olivine, Dissolution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aqueous solution, Olivine, nucleation and growth, Magnesium, Precipitation (chemistry), Geology, magnesite, chemistry, Chemical engineering, NANOKIN code, engineering, CO2, nanoparticles, lizardite, Magnesite
Abstract: International audience; The present theoretical study analyzes the kinetic characteristics of precipitation of magnesite and lizardite as a result of hydrothermal alteration of olivine under high carbonate alkalinity. It makes use of a simulation strategy in which, both the chemical evolution of the aqueous solution and the solid phases are considered. The simulation is performed with the help of the NANOKIN code. It includes a full treatment of speciation processes in the aqueous solution, a rate equation for the dissolution of olivine, and a full account of nucleation and growth processes during the formation of secondary particles. The comparison between experimental (Lafay et al., 2014) and simulation results puts strong constraints on the simulation parameters, in particular those related to the nucleation and growth of the particles. Modeling points to an incongruent olivine dissolution and reveals a transitory precipitation of SiO2, not detected experimentally, showing that the fate of Si is more complex than a mere incorporation in lizardite. It highlights how lizardite, magnesite and SiO2 compete for the incorporation of silicon and magnesium released by the olivine dissolution.
Published: 2018

39. Virtual tide gauges for predicting relative sea level rise

Author: Laurent Husson, Gaël Choblet, Rhys Hawkins, Thomas Bodin, Julia Pfeffer, Centre lorrain de recherches interdisciplinaires dans les domaines des littératures, des cultures et de la théologie (ECRITURES), Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique globale et déformation active (IPGS) (IPGS-DGDA), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Horizon (archaeology), [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Sea level rise, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, Tide gauge, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; We present a Bayesian method to map contemporary rates of relative sea level change using a joint inversion of vertical trends from tide gauges, GPS time series, and satellite radar altimetry measurements. Tide gauge measurements constrain rates of relative sea level change on decadal to secular time scales at a few hundred sites sparsely distributed along coastlines. Predicting the rates of relative sea level change from historical tide gauge measurements is difficult due to the paucity and uneven distribution of sites with high quality records. Since the late twentieth century, deployments of GPS stations have enabled accurate determination of the rates of vertical land motion. A series of satellite radar altimetry missions provide continuous and global monitoring of geocentric sea level changes since the launch of TOPEX/Poseidon in 1992. By combining these three observations types into a single Bayesian inversion, we construct continuous maps of rates of relative sea level change, geocentric sea level change, and vertical land motion assuming linear trends, with robust estimates of uncertainties at regional scales. Cross-validation tests show that reliable predictions of relative sea level changes are still provided where only GPS and satellite altimetry data are used, suggesting this method is viable for studying potential sea level risk for communities where historical tide gauge data are not available. Our results provide spatially and temporally consistent estimates of the various contributions to relative sea level changes.
Published: 2021

40. L'action transversale sismicité RESIF : un outil pour améliorer la diffusion des produits de la sismicité française

Author: Didier Bertil, Ludmila Provost, Gilles Mazet-Roux, Christophe Sira, Samuel Auclair, Frédéric Masson, Marc Grunberg, B. Hernandez, Antoine Schlupp, Sophie Lambotte, Jean-Marie Saurel, Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), CEA DAM ILE-DE-FRANCE - Bruyères-le-Châtel [Arpajon] (CEA DAM IDF), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études de Limeil-Valenton (CEA-DAM), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), PSE-ENV/SCAN/BERSSIN, Bureau d'évaluation des risques sismiques pour la sûreté des installations (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN/BERSSIN), Service de caractérisation des sites et des aléas naturels (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: bulletins and catalogues, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geodetic network, business.industry, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], shakemap, Distribution (economics), Geodetic datum, Sismicité, macroseismicity data, Induced seismicity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Résif, 01 natural sciences, Sismologie, Geophysics, France, business, French seismicity, Seismology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; In recent years, the French seismological, geodetic and gravimetric community has been structured within RESIF (French seismological and geodetic network). In addition to instrumental developments, RESIF has structured the work on French seismicity (metropolitan and overseas) within the RESIF transverse seismicity action (ATS). The purpose of this article is to present the ATS and the way it is structured to propose to the community different products: seismicity bulletin and catalogue, historical and instrumental macroseismicity data, shakemaps. The places where these products can be found are indicated, as well as the way they are realized and the improvements in progress for a better realization and availability. The link with EPOS (European plate observing system) is also underlined.; Ces dernières années, la communauté sismologique, géodésique et gravimétrique française s'est structurée au sein de RESIF (Réseau sismologique et géodésique français). Outre les développements instrumentaux, RESIF a structuré les travaux sur la sismicité française (métropole et outre-mer) au sein de l'Action transverse sismicité (ATS) de RESIF. L'objet de cet article est de présenter l'ATS et la manière dont elle est structurée pour proposer à la communauté différents produits : bulletin et catalogue de sismicité, données historiques et instrumentales de macrosismicité, shakemaps. Les endroits où ces produits peuvent être trouvés sont indiqués, ainsi que la façon dont ils sont réalisés et les améliorations en cours pour une meilleure réalisation et disponibilité. Le lien avec EPOS (European plate observing system) est également souligné.
Published: 2021

41. Quantification of Lambda (Λ) in multi-elemental compound-specific isotope analysis

Author: Patrick Höhener, Gwenaël Imfeld, Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-18-CE04-0004,DECiSIvE,Démonstration de la dégradation des polluants du sol avec l'analyse isotopique spécifique au composé multi-élémentaire(2018)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Assessment, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Synthetic data, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Kinetic isotope effect, Linear regression, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Stable isotopes, Physics, Carbon Isotopes, Isotope, Stable isotope ratio, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Mathematical analysis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Benzene, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Pollution, 020801 environmental engineering, Transformation (function), Biodegradation, Environmental, Yield (chemistry), Regression Analysis, Bioremediation
Abstract: In multi-elemental compound-specific isotope analysis the lambda (Λ) value expresses the isotope shift of one element versus the isotope shift of a second element. In dual-isotope plots, the slope of the regression lines typical reveals the footprint of the underlying isotope effects allowing to distinguish degradation pathways of an organic contaminant molecule in the environment. While different conventions and fitting procedures are used in the literature to determine Λ, it remains unclear how they affect the magnitude of Λ. Here we generate synthetic data for benzene δ2H and δ13C with two enrichment factors eH and eC using the Rayleigh equation to examine how different conventions and linear fitting procedures yield distinct Λ. Fitting an error-free data set in a graph plotting the δ2H versus δ13C overestimates Λ by 0.225%⋅eH/eC, meaning that if eH/eCis larger than 22, Λ is overestimated by more than 5%. The correct fitting of Λ requires a natural logarithmic transformation of δ2H versus δ13C data. Using this transformation, the ordinary linear regression (OLR), the reduced major-axis (RMA) and the York methods find the correct Λ, even for large eH/eC. Fitting a dataset with synthetic data with typical random errors let to the same conclusion and positioned the suitability of each regression method. We conclude that fitting of non-transformed δ values should be discontinued. The validity of most previous Λ values is not compromised, although previously obtained Λ values for large eH/eC could be corrected using our error estimation to improve comparison.
Published: 2021

42. Erratum: Earth’s spheroidal motion induced by a gravitational wave in flat spacetime [Phys. Rev. D 100 , 044048 (2019)]

Author: Josipa Majstorović, Séverine Rosat, Yves Rogister, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Classical mechanics, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, 0103 physical sciences, Minkowski space, Motion (geometry), 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth (classical element)
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

43. Experimental constraints on Li isotope fractionation during the interaction between kaolinite and seawater

Author: Michael J. Henehan, Jacques Schott, Xu (Yvon) Zhang, Marie L Kuessner, Giuseppe D. Saldi, V. Montouillout, Jérôme Gaillardet, Julien Bouchez, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Earth Surface Geochemistry [Postdam], GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), IPGP multidisciplinary program PARI, Region Ile-de-France SESAME Grant no. 12015908, European Project: 608069,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN,ISONOSE(2014), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Artificial seawater, Li isotopes, Authigenic clay formation, Fractionation, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Reverse weathering, Isotopic signature, Isotope fractionation, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Kaolinite, Seawater, Rayleigh fractionation, Dissolution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; In this study, to better understand the factors controlling the concentration and isotope composition of lithium (Li) in the ocean, we investigated the behaviour of Li during interaction of kaolinite with artificial seawater. Dissolution of kaolinite in Li-free seawater at acidic conditions (exp. 1) results in a strong preferential release of light Li isotopes, with △7Liaq-kaol ∼ −19‰, likely reflecting both the preferential breaking of 6Lisingle bondO bonds over 7Lisingle bondO bonds and the release of Li from the isotopically lighter AlO6 octahedral sites. Sorption experiments on kaolinite (exp. 2) revealed a partition coefficient between kaolinite and fluid of up to 28, and an isotopic fractionation of −24‰. Thermodynamic calculation indicates authigenic smectites formed from the dissolution of kaolinite in seawater at pH 8.4 (exp. 3). The formation of authigenic phase strongly removed Li from the solution (with a partition coefficient between the solid and the fluid equal to 89) and led to an increase of ca. 25‰ in seawater δ7Li. This fractionation can be described by a Rayleigh fractionation model at the early stage of the experiment during rapid clay precipitation, followed, at longer reaction time, by equilibrium isotope fractionation during the much slower removal of aqueous Li via co-precipitation and adsorption. Both processes are consistent with a fractionation factor between the solid and the aqueous solution of ∼−20‰. These experiments have implications for interpreting the Li isotopic composition of both continental and marine waters. For instance, the preferential release of 6Li observed during kaolinite far-from-equilibrium dissolution could explain the transient enrichments in 6Li observed in soil profiles. With regard to the evolution of seawater δ7Li over geological time scales, our experimental results suggest that detrital material discharged by rivers to the ocean and ensuing “reverse chemical weathering” have the potential to strongly impact the isotopic signature of the ocean through the neoformation of clay minerals.
Published: 2021

44. Characteristics and possible origins of the seismicity in northwestern France

Author: Anne Duperret, Marc Grunberg, Julie Perrot, Eric Beucler, Jean Battaglia, Clément Perrin, Gilles Mazet-Roux, Bernard Le Gall, Christine Authemayou, Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë, Bertrand Delouis, Pierrick Gernigon, Sophie Lambotte, Antoine Mocquet, Jérôme Vergne, Laurent Longuevergne, Damien Fligiel, Eric Calais, Christophe Clément, Mickael Bonnin, Jacques Déverchère, Ludmila Provost, Clément Roques, Stephane Mazzotti, Jean-Michel Douchain, Céline Hourcade, Laurent Geoffroy, Philippe Steer, Tassadit Kaci, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers Nantes Atlantiques (OSUNA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Geo-Ocean (GEO-OCEAN), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau d'évaluation des risques sismiques pour la sûreté des installations (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN/BERSSIN), Service de caractérisation des sites et des aléas naturels (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la transition écologique, ANR-11-EQPX-0040,RESIF-CORE,Réseau sismologique et géodésique français : l'équipement fondamental(2011), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSE-ENV/SCAN/BERSSIN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), RESIF, Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire de Détection et de Géophysique (CEA) (LDG), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: Earthquake, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Résif-Epos, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Magnitude, Resif-Epos, Induced seismicity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Auvergne, Detection, 13. Climate action, Brittany, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, SCR, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Seismology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; The macroseismic and instrumental observations accumulated by the Bureau Central Sismologique Français and other national agencies over the last 100 years show that the northwestern part of metropolitan France is affected by an apparently diffuse and moderate intraplate seismicity. Far from any plate boundary, well-documented inherited structures, such as the Armorican shear zone network, the Sillon Houiller, and the normal faults related to the Atlantic ocean margin, likely exert significant control on the regional seismicity pattern. However, in the absence of a clearly measurable strain field, processes other than far-field tectonic stress loading such as erosion, gravitational potential energy, and/or hydraulic loadings can co-exist, but their respective influence on the current seismicity is debated and remains to be fully addressed. Reliable detection/location of low-to-moderate magnitude events is one of the most important challenges in the near future to better understand the processes that control this intraplate seismicity. As shown here for a limited region, this issue can be achieved positively, thanks to the new Résif-Epos network, in conjunction with sophisticated algorithms for both earthquakes’ detection and discrimination.
Published: 2021

45. 1921–2021: 100 years of macroseismic studies at BCSF

Author: Frédéric Masson, Michel Cara, Antoine Schlupp, Véronique Mendel, Marc Schaming, Christophe Sira, Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Earthquake, Intensity, Macroseismic survey, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ground motion, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Seismic hazard, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Historical archives, Macroseismic questionnaire, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; The French Central Seismological Bureau (BCSF) was set up in Strasbourg in July 1921 by a governmental decision. Since then, BCSF is in charge of the macroseismic survey for the French territories. One of its main tasks is to determine macroseismic intensity in the different localities after each felt earthquake. This paper shows how the way of collecting macroseismic information evolved with time through the analysis of questionnaires sent to various dissemination networks and by using different methods and macroseismic scales. In context of a renewal of interest in macroseismic data, we present their main uses, as well as some perspectives for the forthcoming years. The quality of macroseismic data, together with the improvement of the analytical methods and the accessibility to BCSF data, in particular those from our archives, remain at the heart of our concerns and objectives.
Published: 2021

46. EMS98 intensities distribution of the 'Le Teil' earthquake, France, 11 November 2019 (Mw 4.9) based on macroseismic surveys and field investigations

Author: Elise Beck, Christophe Sira, Antoine Schlupp, Etienne Bertrand, Emeline Maufroy, Ludmila Provost, Marc Schaming, Rémi Dretzen, Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Sols, Roches et Ouvrages Géotechniques (GERS-SRO), Université Gustave Eiffel, Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSE-ENV/SCAN/BERSSIN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau d'évaluation des risques sismiques pour la sûreté des installations (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN/BERSSIN), Service de caractérisation des sites et des aléas naturels (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)
Subjects: Intensity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Distribution (number theory), Field (physics), [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Macroseismic, Vulnerability, Intensity, EMS98, Macroseismic, Le Teil earthquake, Earthquake damage, Vulnerability, France, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Le Teil earthquake, 01 natural sciences, Earthquake damage, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, France, Seismology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, EMS98
Abstract: International audience; The Le Teil earthquake (south France, 11-11-2019, Mw 4.9, 1 km depth, about 4 km of surface ruptures) was felt at a distance up to about 300 km. In order to estimate the EMS98 intensity in each of the affected localities, we collected macroseismic observations via individual forms filled in by citizens (2094 testimonies) or collective forms filled by authorities (388 localities) and by field survey work in the epicentral zone (24 most damaged cities). Field observations and communal surveys remain essential in the case of structural damage. Intensities deduced from public surveys are preliminary and their consideration in the final estimates must be limited. The maximum intensity observed is VII-VIII in Le Teil and 30 localities experienced an intensity ≥ VI. The earthquake generated damage (I ≥ V) up to about 50 km away and was felt in at least 568 localities.
Published: 2021

47. Geodynamic evolution of a wide plate boundary in the Western Mediterranean, near-field versus far-field interactions

Author: Jolivet Laurent, Baudin Thierry, Calassou Sylvain, Chevrot Sébastien, Ford Mary, Issautier Benoit, Lasseur Eric, Masini Emmanuel, Manatschal Gianreto, Mouthereau Frédéric, Thinon Isabelle, Vidal Olivier, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Centre scientifique et Technique Jean Feger (CSTJF), TOTAL FINA ELF, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TOTAL-Scientific and Technical Center Jean Féger (CSTJF), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Tyrrhenian Sea, Méditerranée, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mediterranean, Cordillère Bétique, retrait du panneau plongeant, déchirure du panneau plongeant, Mer d’Alboran, slab retreat, slab tearing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, convection, Mer Tyrrhénienne, Pyrénées, Pyrenées, QE1-996.5, Rif, Bassin Liguro-Provençal, Geology, Alboran Sea, Liguro-Provençal Basin, Betic Cordillera, mantle flow, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lithosphere, back-arc extension, subduction, extension arrière-arc, lithosphère, collision, flux mantellique
Abstract: International audience; The present-day tectonic setting of the Western Mediterranean region, from the Pyrénées to the Betics and from the Alps to the Atlas, results from a complex 3-D geodynamic evolution involving the interactions between the Africa, Eurasia and Iberia plates and asthenospheric mantle dynamics underneath. In this paper, we review the main tectonic events recorded in this region since the Early Cretaceous and discuss the respective effects of far-field and near-field contributions, in order to unravel the origin of forces controlling crustal deformation. The respective contributions of mantle-scale, plate-scale and local processes in the succession of tectonic stages are discussed. Three periods can be distinguished: (1) the first period ( Tethyan Tectonics ), from 110 to 35 Ma, spans the main evolution of the Pyrenean orogen and the early evolution of the Betics, from rifting to maximum shortening. The rifting between Iberia and Europe and the subsequent progressive formation of new compressional plate boundaries in the Pyrénées and the Betics, as well as the compression recorded all the way to the North Sea, are placed in the large-scale framework of the African and Eurasian plates carried by large-scale mantle convection; (2) the second period ( Mediterranean Tectonics ), from 32 to 8 Ma, corresponds to a first-order change in subduction dynamics. It is most typically Mediterranean with a dominant contribution of slab retreat and associated mantle flow in crustal deformation. Mountain building and back-arc basin opening are controlled by retreating and tearing slabs and associated mantle flow at depth. The 3-D interactions between the different pieces of retreating slabs are complex and the crust accommodates the mantle flow underneath in various ways, including the formation of metamorphic core complexes and transfer fault zones; (3) the third period ( Late-Mediterranean Tectonics ) runs from 8 Ma to the Present. It corresponds to a new drastic change in the tectonic regime characterized by the resumption of N-S compression along the southern plate boundary and a propagation of compression toward the north. The respective effects of stress transmission through the lithospheric stress-guide and lithosphere-asthenosphere interactions are discussed throughout this period.; Le contexte tectonique actuel de la Méditerranée occidentale, des Pyrénées aux Bétiques et des Alpes à l’Atlas, résulte d’une évolution géodynamique complexe en 3-D impliquant les interactions entre les plaques Afrique, Eurasie et Ibérie et le manteau asthénosphérique sous-jacent. Dans cet article, nous présentons une revue critique des principaux événements tectoniques survenus dans la région depuis le Crétacé supérieur pour discuter les contributions respectives des processus locaux et lointains, dans le but de mieux comprendre les forces contrôlant la déformation crustale. Les contributions respectives des processus à l’échelle du manteau, à l’échelle des plaques et les processus régionaux sont discutées. Trois périodes doivent être distinguées : (1) la première période (Tectonique Téthysienne), de 110 à 35 Ma, recouvre toute l’évolution de l’orogène pyrénéen et l’évolution précoce des Bétiques et du Rif, depuis le rifting jusqu’au raccourcissement maximum. Le rifting entre Ibérie et Europe et la formation de nouvelles limites de plaques convergentes et compressives dans les Pyrénées et les Bétiques et la propagation de contraintes compressives jusqu’à la Mer du nord sont placés dans le cadre des plaques Eurasie et Afrique portées par la convection mantellique à grande échelle ; (2) la deuxième période (Tectonique Méditerranéenne), de 32 à 8 Ma, est plus typiquement méditerranéenne avec une contribution dominante du recul des panneaux lithosphériques plongeants et des flux mantelliques associés. Construction des chaînes de montagnes et ouverture des bassins arrière-arc sont dominés par cette dynamique de retrait et de déchirure des panneaux plongeants et par le flux asthénosphérique qui en résulte. Les interactions 3-D entre les différents morceaux des panneaux plongeants sont complexes et la croÛte accommode les flux mantelliques de façons variées, incluant la formation de metamorphic core complexes et de zones de transfert ; (3) la troisième période (Tectonique Tardi-Méditerranéenne) débute à ∼8 Ma et se poursuit jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Elle correspond à un nouveau changement drastique de la dynamique de subduction associé à une reprise de la compression N-S au travers de la limite de plaque méridionale et une propagation de la compression vers le nord et l’est. Les effets respectifs de la transmission des contraintes le long du guide de contraintes qu’est la lithosphère et des interactions lithosphère-asthénosphère sont discutés pour chacune de ces trois périodes.
Published: 2021

48. A multi-decadal view of the heat and mass budget of a volcano in unrest: La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (French West Indies)

Author: Jean-Christophe Komorowski, Alexis Bosson, David Jessop, Roberto Moretti, Séverine Moune, Dominique Gibert, Michael J. Heap, Vincent Robert, Sébastien Deroussi, Arnaud Lemarchand, Marina Rosas-Carbajal, Magali Bonifacie, Arnaud Burtin, Céline Dessert, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de Guadeloupe (OVSG), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018), ANR-08-RISK-0002,DOMOSCAN,Quantification de la dynamique et suivi spatio-temporelle du système hydrothermal de la Soufrière de Guadeloupe(2008), ANR-14-CE04-0001,DIAPHANE,Imageries structurelle et fonctionnelle de volcans avec des rayons cosmiques(2014), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Jessop, D. E., Moune, S., Moretti, R., Gibert, D., Komorowski, J. -C., Robert, V., Heap, M. J., Bosson, A., Bonifacie, M., Deroussi, S., Dessert, C., Rosas-Carbajal, M., Lemarchand, A., Burtin, A., Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géophysique expérimentale (IPGS) (IPGS-GE), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Dome, Pitot tube, Heat and mass flux, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], MultiGAS, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, fumarole, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Physics - Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Spring (hydrology), [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Sedimentology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Unrest, Fumarole, Geophysics (physics.geo-ph), Volcano, Heat flux, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geology, airborne thermal imagery
Abstract: International audience; Particularly in the presence of a hydrothermal system, many volcanoes output large quantities of heat through the transport of water from deep within the edifice to the surface. Thus, heat flux is a prime tool for evaluating volcanic activity and unrest. We review the volcanic unrest at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (French West Indies) using an airborne thermal camera survey and in situ measurements of temperature and flow rate through temperature probes, Pitot-tube and MultiGAS measurements. We deduce mass and heat fluxes for the fumarolic, ground and thermal spring outputs and follow these over a period spanning 2000–2020. Our results are compared with published data and we performed a retrospective analysis of the temporal variations in heat flux over this period using the literature data. We find that the heat emitted by the volcano is 36.5 ± 7.9MW, of which the fumarolic heat flux is dominant at 28.3 ± 6.8 MW. Given a total heated area of 26 270 m2, this equates to a total heat flux density of 1366 ± 82 W/m2, which is amongst the highest established for worldwide volcanoes with hydrothermal systems, particularly for dome volcanoes. A major change at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe, however, is the development of a widespread region of ground heating at the summit where heat output has increased from 0.2 ± 1 MW in 2010 to 5.7 ± 0.9 MW in 2020. This change is concurrent with accelerating unrest at the volcano and the emergence of two new high-flux fumaroles in recent years. Our findings highlight the importance of continued and enhanced surveillance and research strategies at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe, the results of which can be used to better understand hydrothermal volcanic systems the world over.
Published: 2021

49. Rotational modes of Poincaré Earth models

Author: Y. Rogister, Behnam Seyed-Mahmoud, Dynamique globale et déformation active (IPGS) (IPGS-DGDA), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Well-posed problem, Speed wobble, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Computational Mechanics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, symbols.namesake, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Nutation, Mode (statistics), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Earth model, Geophysics, Classical mechanics, Mechanics of Materials, Physics::Space Physics, Poincaré conjecture, Liquid core, symbols, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Earth (classical element)
Abstract: We study the following rotational modes of Poincare Earth models: the tilt-over mode (TOM), the spin-over mode (SOM) and free core nutation (FCN), using first a simple Earth model with a homogeneou...
Published: 2021

50. FMHex20: An earthquake focal mechanism database for seismotectonic analyses in metropolitan France and bordering regions

Author: Bertrand Delouis, Denis Do Paco, Karla Coca Oscanoa, Cécile Doubre, Stephane Mazzotti, Christophe Larroque, Laurent Bollinger, M. Godano, Clémence Aubagnac, Aurore Laurendeau, Matthieu Sylvander, Hervé Jomard, Aurélie Guilhem Trilla, Frédéric Masson, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire de Détection et de Géophysique (CEA) (LDG), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau d'évaluation des risques sismiques pour la sûreté des installations (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN/BERSSIN), Service de caractérisation des sites et des aléas naturels (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), PSE-ENV/SCAN/BERSSIN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DEI/SARG/BERSSIN - Bureau d'Evaluation des Risques Sismiques pour la Sûreté des Installations Nucléaires (IRSN), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Focal mechanism, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Database, focal mechanism, Seismotectonics, lcsh:QE1-996.5, metropolitan france, Geology, Active fault, Induced seismicity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Metropolitan France, lcsh:Geology, Seismic hazard, Western europe, Internal consistency, earthquake, seismotectonics, computer, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; We present a compilation of over 1700 focal mechanisms for nearly 1300 earthquakes in metropolitan France and bordering regions of Western Europe. It is based on both published and unpublished sources (articles, reports, observatory websites) for which the focal mechanism solutions have been verified for internal consistency, corrected in cases of minor errors and rejected in cases of major inconsistencies between the parameters. The database, labeled FMHex20, is a first version and should be regularly updated in the future as part of an ongoing effort within the Seismicity Transverse Action of the French Résif research infrastructure. We also present first-order seismotectonic analyses for the whole metropolitan France and for two regions (Western France and Northern Alps-Jura-Vosges) to illustrate how the FMHex20 database can serve as a basis for geodynamic or seismic hazard zonation studies. Combined with complementary datasets, it can improve our understanding of the kinematics of potentially active faults, including in very-low-strain-rate regions as is the case for most of France.
Published: 2021

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