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1. Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference

Author

Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, Loreau, Michel, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Western Sydney University, University of Michigan System, California State University [Los Angeles] (CAL STATE LA), University of Toronto at Scarborough, Université Saint-Francis-Xavier (CANADA), Yokohama National University, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Washington [Seattle], University of Alabama [Tuscaloosa] (UA), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile De France (CNRS/ENS UMS 3194), Regional Council of Ile- de-France (DIM Program R2DS I-05-098/R), GoF/ANR’s Investissements d’Avenir program (ANR-11-INBS-0001 AnaEE France, ANR-10-IDEX- 0001-02 PSL), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity

Subjects
Identification, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Chemistry(all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Resistance, General Physics and Astronomy, Instrumental variables, General Chemistry, Biodiversity, Physics and Astronomy(all), Plants, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Time, Causality, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Plant diversity, Alter, Biomass, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Guide, In-differences, Ecosystem
Abstract

Causal effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions can be estimated using experimental or observational designs — designs that pose a tradeoff between drawing credible causal inferences from correlations and drawing generalizable inferences. Here, we develop a design that reduces this tradeoff and revisits the question of how plant species diversity affects productivity. Our design leverages longitudinal data from 43 grasslands in 11 countries and approaches borrowed from fields outside of ecology to draw causal inferences from observational data. Contrary to many prior studies, we estimate that increases in plot-level species richness caused productivity to decline: a 10% increase in richness decreased productivity by 2.4%, 95% CI [−4.1, −0.74]. This contradiction stems from two sources. First, prior observational studies incompletely control for confounding factors. Second, most experiments plant fewer rare and non-native species than exist in nature. Although increases in native, dominant species increased productivity, increases in rare and non-native species decreased productivity, making the average effect negative in our study. By reducing the tradeoff between experimental and observational designs, our study demonstrates how observational studies can complement prior ecological experiments and inform future ones.

Published
2023

2. COPD: Providing the right treatment for the right patient at the right time

Author

Alvar Agusti, Nicolino Ambrosino, Felicity Blackstock, Jean Bourbeau, Richard Casaburi, Bartolome Celli, Gerard J. Criner, Rebecca Crouch, Roberto W. Dal Negro, Michael Dreher, Chris Garvey, Daniel A. Gerardi, Roger Goldstein, Nicola A. Hanania, Anne E. Holland, Antarpreet Kaur, Suzanne Lareau, Peter K. Lindenauer, David Mannino, Barry Make, François Maltais, Jeffrey D. Marciniuk, Paula Meek, Mike Morgan, Jean-Louis Pepin, Jane Z. Reardon, Carolyn L. Rochester, Sally Singh, Martijn A. Spruit, Michael C. Steiner, Thierry Troosters, Michele Vitacca, Enico Clini, Jose Jardim, Linda Nici, Jonathan Raskin, Richard ZuWallack, University of Barcelona, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri [Pavia] (IRCCS Pavia - ICS Maugeri), La Trobe University [Melbourne], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], UCLA School of Medicine [Torrance, CA, USA], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Campbell University [Buies Creek, NC, USA] (CU), CESFAR - Centro Nazionale Studi di Farmacoeconmia, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen - University Hospital Aachen [Aachen, Germany] (UKA), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), UCSF Sleep Disorders [San Francisco, CA, USA], Trinity Health of New England [Hartford, CT, USA] (THNE), West Park Health Care Centre [Toronto, ON, Canada] (WPH2C), Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, Monash University [Melbourne], University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), University of Kentucky (UK), National Jewish Health (NJH), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), University of Utah, University of Leicester, Hypoxie et PhysioPathologie (HP2), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Yale University [New Haven], CIRO [Horn, The Netherlands], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia = University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Brown University, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry-Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Université Saint-Francis-Xavier (CANADA), and SALAS, Danielle

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, COPD, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Non-Pharmacologic Treatment, Comprehensive Care of the COPD Patient, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

International audience; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality that is both preventable and treatable. However, a major challenge in recognizing, preventing, and treating COPD is understanding its complexity. While COPD has historically been characterized as a disease defined by airflow limitation, we now understand it as a multi-component disease with many clinical phenotypes, systemic manifestations, and associated co-morbidities. Evidence is rapidly emerging in our understanding of the many factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD and the identification of "early" or "pre-COPD" which should provide exciting opportunities for early treatment and disease modification. In addition to breakthroughs in our understanding of the origins of COPD, we are optimizing treatment strategies and delivery of care that are showing impressive benefits in patient-centered outcomes and healthcare utilization. This special issue of Respiratory Medicine, "COPD: Providing the Right Treatment for the Right Patient at the Right Time" is a summary of the proceedings of a conference held in Stresa, Italy in April 2022 that brought together international experts to discuss emerging evidence in COPD and Pulmonary Rehabilitation in honor of a distinguished friend and colleague, Claudio Ferdinando Donor (1948-2021). Claudio was a true pioneer in the field of pulmonary rehabilitation and the comprehensive care of individuals with COPD. He held numerous leadership roles in in the field, provide editorial stewardship of several respiratory journals, authored numerous papers, statement and guidelines in COPD and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, and provided mentorship to many in our field. Claudio's most impressive talent was his ability to organize spectacular conferences and symposia that highlighted cutting edge science and clinical medicine. It is in this spirit that this conference was conceived and planned. These proceedings are divided into 4 sections which highlight crucial areas in the field of COPD: (1) New concepts in COPD pathogenesis; (2) Enhancing outcomes in COPD; (3) Non-pharmacologic management of COPD; and (4) Optimizing delivery of care for COPD. These presentations summarize the newest evidence in the field and capture lively discussion on the exciting future of treating this prevalent and impactful disease. We thank each of the authors for their participation and applaud their efforts toward pushing the envelope in our understanding of COPD and optimizing care for these patients. We believe that this edition is a most fitting tribute to a dear colleague and friend and will prove useful to students, clinicians, and researchers as they continually strive to provide the right treatment for the right patient at the right time. It has been our pleasure and a distinct honor to serve as editors and oversee such wonderful scholarly work.

Published
2023

3. Safe path planning for UAV urban operation under GNSS signal occlusion risk

Author

Yoko Watanabe, Jean-Alexis Delamer, Caroline Ponzoni Carvalho Chanel, Université Saint-Francis-Xavier (CANADA), ONERA / DTIS, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), St Francis Xavier University - STFX (CANADA), and Département Traitement de l’information et systèmes - DTIS (Toulouse, France)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer science, General Mathematics, UAV, Real-time computing, Satellite constellation, 02 engineering and technology, 03 medical and health sciences, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0302 clinical medicine, 11. Sustainability, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Motion planning, Path planning, PO-SSP, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Probabilistic logic, Neurosciences, Partially observable Markov decision process, POMDP, Navigation, Computer Science Applications, Tree traversal, Control and Systems Engineering, GNSS applications, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Benchmark (computing), Global Positioning System, Safety, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Software
Abstract

International audience; This paper introduces a concept of safe path planning for UAV’s autonomous operation in an urban environment where GNSS-positioning may become unreliable or even unavailable. If the operation environment is a priori known and geo-localized, it is possible to predict a GNSS satellite constellation and hence to anticipate its signal occlusions at a given point and time. Motivated from this, our main idea is to utilize such sensor availability map in path planning task for ensuring UAV navigation safety. The proposed concept is implemented by a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) model. It incorporates a low-level navigation and guidance module for propagating the UAV state uncertainty in function of the probabilistic sensor availability. A new definition of cost function is introduced in this model such that the resulting optimal policy respects a user-defined safety requirement. A goal-oriented version of Monte-Carlo Tree Search algorithm, called POMCP-GO, is proposed for POMDP solving. The developed safe path planner is evaluated on two simple obstacle benchmark maps as well as on a real elevation map of San Diego downtown, along with GPS availability maps.

Published
2021

4. Spectral subdomains and prior estimation of leaf structure improves PROSPECT inversion on reflectance or transmittance alone

Author

Lynsay Spafford, Florian De Boissieu, Guerric Le Maire, Andrew H. MacDougall, Jean-Baptiste Féret, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Saint-Francis-Xavier (CANADA), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant Program., NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship - Master’s Scholarship and a Dean’s Excellence Award from Memorial University., TOSCA program grant of the French Space Agency (CNES) (HyperTropik/HyperBIO project), ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and ANR-17-CE32-0001,BioCop,Suivi de la biodiversité tropicale avec les satellites Sentinel-2 du programme Copernicus(2017)

Subjects
PROSPECT, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Caroténoïde, Spectroscopie, Radiative transfer model, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes, Spectral line, Prior information, Mathematics, biochemical analysis [EN], Leaf spectroscopy, composé biochimique, Carotenoid, Feuille, Geology, Chlorophylls, Reflectivity, Anatomie végétale, Biological system, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Biochimie, Soil Science, Structure des plantes, Absorbance, Leaf structure, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, LMA, Transmittance, Réflectance, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Chlorophylle, Computers in Earth Sciences, Spectroscopy, s EWT, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Leaf directional-hemispherical optical properties, Biochemical constituents, Inversion (meteorology), 020801 environmental engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Analyse spectrale
Abstract

International audience; Leaf biochemical and structural traits are vegetation characteristics related to various physiological processes. Taking advantage of the physical relationship between optical properties and leaf biochemistry, field-based spectroscopy has allowed for the rapid estimation of leaf biochemical constituents and repeated non-destructive measurements through time. Leaf constituent retrieval from leaf optical properties following inversion of the physically-based radiative transfer model PROSPECT is now a popular method, but some cases prompt poor retrieval success and this approach requires a strict inversion procedure. We investigated the performances of different inversion procedures for the estimation of leaf constituents, specifically chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, water (EWT), and dry matter (LMA) from >1400 broadleaf samples, including the definition of optimal spectral subdomains, and the use of leaf reflectance or transmittance alone. We also developed a strategy to obtain prior information on the leaf structure parameter (N) in PROSPECT, when only reflectance or transmittance is measured, and examined the influence of this prior information in combination with different inversion procedures. We found that using the full domain of reflectance or transmittance only systematically leads to suboptimal estimation of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, EWT, and LMA, due to either the combined absorption of multiple constituents or inaccurate estimation of the N parameter. Our study confirms that the selection of optimal spectral subdomains leads to improved estimation of all leaf constituents, from 700 to 720 nm for chlorophyll a and b, 520–560 nm for carotenoids, and from 1700 to 2400 nm for EWT and LMA. Prior information on N, computed directly from the spectra, leads to systematic improved estimation of leaf constituents when only reflectance or transmittance is measured, with reductions in normalized root mean square error from 8 to 37%. We strongly recommend using optimal subdomains when inverting PROSPECT to retrieve leaf constituents, and with the availability of only reflectance or transmittance we further recommend the use of prior information on the N parameter.

Published
2021

5. Hyperopic Cops and Robbers

Author

Margaret-Ellen Messinger, Nancy E. Clarke, Stephen Finbow, Anthony Bonato, F. Mc Inerney, Danielle Cox, Ryerson University [Toronto], Acadia University, Mount Saint Vincent University [Halifax] (MSVU), Université Saint-Francis-Xavier (CANADA), Combinatorics, Optimization and Algorithms for Telecommunications (COATI), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-COMmunications, Réseaux, systèmes Embarqués et Distribués (Laboratoire I3S - COMRED), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science [Mount Allison University], Mount Allison University, COMmunications, Réseaux, systèmes Embarqués et Distribués (Laboratoire I3S - COMRED), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM), General Computer Science, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, New variant, 01 natural sciences, Theoretical Computer Science, Planar graph, Combinatorics, Set (abstract data type), symbols.namesake, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, FOS: Mathematics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, Countable set, Mathematics - Combinatorics, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Combinatorics (math.CO), [MATH]Mathematics [math], Mathematics, Real number, Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics
Abstract

We introduce a new variant of the game of Cops and Robbers played on graphs, where the robber is invisible unless outside the neighbor set of a cop. The hyperopic cop number is the corresponding analogue of the cop number, and we investigate bounds and other properties of this parameter. We characterize the cop-win graphs for this variant, along with graphs with the largest possible hyperopic cop number. We analyze the cases of graphs with diameter 2 or at least 3, focusing on when the hyperopic cop number is at most one greater than the cop number. We show that for planar graphs, as with the usual cop number, the hyperopic cop number is at most 3. The hyperopic cop number is considered for countable graphs, and it is shown that for connected chains of graphs, the hyperopic cop density can be any real number in [ 0 , 1 / 2 ] .

Published
2019

6. Security, privacy and trust of user-centric solutions

Author

Hsiao-Hwa Chen, Damien Sauveron, Javier Lopez, Laurence T. Yang, Raja Naeem Akram, Smart card Centre [Egham], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Network Information and Computer Security Lab [Malaga] (NICS), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Mathématiques & Sécurité de l'information (XLIM-MATHIS), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Saint-Francis-Xavier (CANADA)

Subjects
Ubiquitous computing, Security privacy, Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Computer science, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Trusted Computing, Computer security, computer.software_genre, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Hardware and Architecture, Software deployment, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Selection (linguistics), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business, Internet of Things, computer, Software, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Content management, User-centered design
Abstract

With the development of pervasive and ubiquitous computing, of IoT and personal devices, user-centric solutions will be the paradigm for most of the future applications. In this context, user-centric solutions must be proposed from deployment models to the content management. Obviously suitable Security, Privacy and Trust (SPT) solutions have to be proposed to ensure the smooth operation of systems and their straightforward managements required for a successful mass-user adoption. In this paper, we summarize the literature related to user-centric SPT scenarios and present a selection of the most recent advances in these areas.

Published
2018

7. Editorial for the special issue on heterogeneous sensors-based object identification and information fusion

Author

Didier El Baz, Huansheng Ning, Laurence T. Yang, Rui Wang, School of Computer and Communication Engineering (University of Science and Technology Beijing), University of Science and Technology Beijing [Beijing] (USTB), Équipe Calcul Distribué et Asynchronisme (LAAS-CDA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Saint-Francis-Xavier (CANADA), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Range query (data structures), Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Distributed computing, Information processing, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Sensor fusion, Fuzzy logic, Paillier cryptosystem, Spatial query, Identification (information), [INFO.INFO-MC]Computer Science [cs]/Mobile Computing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wireless sensor network
Abstract

International audience; With the fast development of computing, communication, control technologies, the proliferation of heterogeneous sensors with data communication capability can provide a wide variety of data for our daily life, such as road monitoring, health-care systems, structure health checking, military applications etc. However, there are still many interesting open research problems left to be explored as well as many issues to be addressed. In this special issue, we plan to focus on various research and application issues in heterogeneous sensors based object identification and information fusion. The first paper, 'A novel distributed air index for efficient spatial query processing in road sensor networks on the air' by Yanhong Li et al., explores the problem of spatial query processing in road sensor networks by means of wireless data broadcast. In addition it presents an efficient method to partition the record-keeping information about the underlying road sensor network and its associated objects, by which develops a fully distributed air index, called integrated exponential index, based on an extended version of the Hilbert curve. Besides, this paper also proposes efficient client-side algorithms to facilitate the processing of several kinds of spatial queries, including kNN query, CkNN query, and range query. The problem of enforcing the integrity of the outsourced data remotely is addressed in the paper, 'Parallel checking of content integrity in multi-cloud storage of heterogeneous sensor systems' by Jian Mao et al.. They propose a parallel cloud data possession checking scheme for the multi-cloud environment, which utilizes the homomorphic verification tag created by the Paillier cryptosystem to support unlimited query challenges and introduces the error-correction encoding method to ensure error localization and data correction. The paper, 'Subscribing to fuzzy temporal aggregation of heterogeneous sensor streams in real-time distributed environments' by J. Medina et al., presents an approach for distributing and processing heterogeneous data based on a representation with fuzzy linguistic terms, to solve the problems of the data fusion of sensors and the design of processing information. What's more, in order to illustrate the usefulness and effectiveness of this proposal, the authors present the results of the fuzzy temporal aggregation of sensor streams with alpha-cut subscriptions in a case study where an

Published
2017

8. Relative influence of shredders and fungi on leaf litter decomposition along a river altitudinal gradient

Author

Barry R. Taylor, Eric Chauvet, Université Saint-Francis-Xavier (CANADA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), St Francis Xavier University - STFX (CANADA), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Microorganism, Biodiversité et Ecologie, STREAMS, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Aquatic Science, Bacterial growth, Alder, Botany, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Biomass (ecology), biology, Fungi, Temperature, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, biology.organism_classification, Decomposition, Mycologie, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Streams, Elevation gradient, Shredders, Composition (visual arts), Biodiversité, Mass loss rates, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; We compared autumn decomposition rates of European alder leaves at four sites along the Lasset–Hers River system, southern France, to test whether changes in litter decomposition rates from upstream (1,300 m elevation) to downstream (690 m) could be attributed to temperature-driven differences in microbial growth, shredder activity, or composition of the shredder community. Alder leaves lost 75–87% of original mass in 57 days, of which 46–67% could be attributed to microbial metabolism and 8–29% to shredder activity, with no trend along the river. Mass loss rates in both fine-mesh (excluding shredders) and coarse-mesh (including shredders) bags were faster at warm, downstream sites (mean daily temperature 7–8°C) than upstream (mean 1–2°C), but the differ- ence disappeared when rates were expressed in heat units to remove the temperature effect. Mycelial biomass did not correlate with mass loss rates. Faster mass loss rates upstream, after temperature correction, evidently arise from more efficient shredding by Nemourid stoneflies than by the Leuctra-dominated assemblage downstream. The influence of water temperature on decomposition rate is therefore expressed both directly, through microbial metabolism, and indirectly, through the structure of shredder commu- nities. These influences are evident even in cold water where temperature variation is small.

Published
2014

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