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155 results on '"Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)"'

1. Ontogeny of locomotion in mouse lemurs: Implications for primate evolution

Author

Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Anthony Herrel, Grégoire Boulinguez-Ambroise, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Arboreal locomotion, Ontogeny, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lemur, 01 natural sciences, Mice, biology.animal, Animals, Juvenile, 0601 history and archaeology, Primate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060101 anthropology, Hand Strength, biology, Body balance, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, 06 humanities and the arts, Primate evolution, Motor coordination, body regions, Rotarod Performance Test, Anthropology, Animals, Zoo, Female, Cheirogaleidae, Neuroscience, Locomotion
Abstract

The environment of juvenile primates is very challenging. They have to forage and move on the same substrates as adults do and escape the same predators, despite their immature state. In this study, we explore the developmental strategies that may provide effective locomotor abilities early in life. This could provide new insights into the selective pressures acting on juvenile primates and into evolution of primate locomotion. We conducted an ontogenetic study of 36 arboreal gray mouse lemurs from birth to adulthood (6 months of age). The investigated parameters were, for both limbs, (1) grasping behavior during locomotion (i.e., grip postures), (2) grasping performance (i.e., pull strength), and (3) motor coordination (i.e., rotarod test). Our results show that 8-day-old babies are able to climb substrates of various slopes and diameters outside of their nest. Although juveniles cannot successfully complete a motor coordination test before 30 days of age, young individuals display relative pull strengths that are very high or even on par with adults, guaranteeing stability on narrow substrates. These powerful grasps highlight the importance of the grasping function for these juveniles that are not carried and move independently on arboreal substrates shortly after their first week of life. Moreover, the pedal grasping provides a secure grasp on all substrates across ontogeny; however, manual secure grasps decrease during development, being highly used only shortly after birth on vertical and narrow substrates. These results first suggest different functional roles of the hands and feet, with the hind limbs ensuring body balance on the substrates, freeing the upper limbs for manipulation. They further show vertical and narrow branches to be especially challenging, requiring strong grasps, which suggests that they may drive the evolution of strong grasping abilities in primates.

Published
2020

2. Behavioural variability among captive African elephants in the use of the trunk while feeding

Author

Baptiste Mulot, Patrick Gouat, Raphaël Cornette, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Maëlle Lefeuvre, Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LEEC), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), ZooParc de Beauval, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Food item, Strategy, lcsh:Medicine, adaptation, Loxodonta africana, Body size, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Adaptation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, inter-individual difference, Inter-individual difference, Animal Behavior, General Neuroscience, Repertoire, Feeding, 05 social sciences, lcsh:R, General Medicine, Trunk, Highly sensitive, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, strategy, Zoology, feeding, Demography
Abstract

International audience; The Proboscideans, an order of mammals including elephants, are the largest of the Earth lands animals. One probable consequence of the rapid increase of their body size is the development of the trunk, a multitask highly sensitive organ used in a large repertoire of behaviours. The absence of bones in the trunk allows a substantial degree of freedom for movement in all directions, and this ability could underlie individual-level strategies. We hypothesised a stronger behavioural variability in simple tasks, and a correlation between the employed behaviours and the shape and size of the food. The observations of a captive group of African elephants allowed us to create a complete catalogue of trunk movements in feeding activities. We noted manipulative strategies and impact of food item properties on the performed behaviours. The results show that a given item is manipulated with a small panel of behaviours, and some behaviours are specific to a single shape of items. The study of the five main feeding behaviours emphasises a significant variability between the elephants. Each individual differed from every other individual in the proportion of at least one behaviour, and every behaviour was performed in different proportions by the elephants. Our findings suggest that during their lives elephants develop individual strategies adapted to the manipulated items, which increases their feeding efficiency.

Published
2020

3. Right or left? Determining the hand holding the tool from use traces

Author

Marie-Hélène Moncel, Ameline Bardo, Radu Iovita, Raphaël Cornette, Antony Borel, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, M. Gema Chacón, Laurence Chèze, Alice Rodriguez, Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Area de Prehistoria (IPHES (Institut Catala de Paleoecologia humana i Evolucio Social)), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Les hominidés au quaternaire : milieux et comportements (HQMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
Archeology, Computer science, TOOL USE, Population, engineering.material, computer.software_genre, HAND PREFERENCE, Lateralization of brain function, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Lithic analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, USE-WEAR, 0601 history and archaeology, EXPERIMENTATION, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Stone tool, education.field_of_study, 060101 anthropology, business.industry, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Cognition, 06 humanities and the arts, CC, Paleoanthropology, Face (geometry), GN, Laterality, engineering, Artificial intelligence, MACHINE LEARNING, business, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Natural language processing, GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC
Abstract

Currently, approximately 90% of the human population is right-handed. This handedness is due to the lateralization of the cerebral hemispheres and is controlled by brain areas involved in complex motor tasks such as making stone tools or in language. In addition to describing the evolution of laterality in humans, identifying hand preference in fossil hominids can improve our understanding of the emergence and development of complex cognitive faculties during evolution. Several fields of prehistory like palaeoanthropology or lithic analysis have already investigated handedness in fossils hominins but they face limitations due to either the incomplete or the composite state of the skeleton remains or to results replication or method application failure. Wear analysis could provide new complementary data about hand preference evolution and the development of certain complex cognitive functions using indirect evidence (use traces, micro-scars in particular) of the hand holding the stone tool during use. Controlled experiment has been carried out in order to establish a reference collection of tools used with the left and tools used with the right hand. Wear analysis was performed on this corpus using “classical” microscopic approach and geometric morphometric analysis. A machine learning algorithm, the k-NN method, was applied to verify if use traces (micro-scars) could help determine the hand holding the tool during use. The best model, based on parameters referring to invasiveness of micro-scars, was able to correctly determine the hand holding the tool with 75% accuracy.

Published
2020

4. Does the shape of forelimb long bones co-vary with grasping behaviour in strepsirrhine primates?

Author

Anne-Claire Fabre, Louise Peckre, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Christine E. Wall, Duke University, German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), University of Zurich, Fabre, Anne-Claire, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Ecology, Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Anatomy, Biology, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, Behavior and Systematics, medicine, Forelimb, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Fine prehensile activities are often thought to have been associated with the evolution of the human hand. However, there has been no holistic approach establishing the link between the morphology of the forelimb and grasping ability in living primates. The present study investigated the possible relationships between grasping behaviour and the morphology of the forelimb in strepsirrhines in a phylogenetic context. To do so, grasping behaviour during feeding and the shape of the long bones of the forelimb were analysed for 22 species of strepsirrhines. The data obtained show that there is a phylogenetic signal in forelimb morphology in primates in relation to grasping behaviour, but also that there is a marked co-evolution between grasping behaviour and the shape of the humerus and radius. This latter finding suggests a functional association between grasping and forelimb shape, which in turn suggests that bone shape constrains or facilitates behaviour. This result may permit future inferences to be made regarding this behaviour in extinct species and deserves further examination in more detail.

Published
2019

5. Food properties influence grasping strategies in strepsirrhines

Author

Christine E. Wall, Anne-Claire Fabre, Louise Peckre, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Julien Hambuckers, lluís Socias-Martínez, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, HEC Liège, Duke University [Durham], German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), Duke University, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, biology, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], GRASP, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, body regions, biology.animal, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Primate, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Set (psychology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, psychological phenomena and processes, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

International audience; Although hand grasping is ubiquitous in primate species, its origins remain uncertain. This is in part because uncertainty about hand skills and grasping strategies persists in strepsirrhines, a monophyletic group of primates located near the base of the primate tree. In this study, we report and discuss our observations of the different grasping strategies adopted by 85 captive individuals belonging to 22 species of strepsirrhines during the grasping of food items of different sizes and consistencies. Our results indicate that although strepsirrhines do not present variability in their hand-grip types (sole whole-hand power grip), they are able to adjust their grasping strategy depending on the properties of the food. Notably, they use the mouth when more precision is needed (i.e. to grasp small items). Moreover, grasping strategies adopted for big items differ depending on food consistency, revealing a new and potentially essential factor to consider in future research on grasping abilities. We believe that by looking across this important set of species in unconstrained standardized conditions, this study provides valuable insight for further comparative research on the potential selective pressures involved in the evolution of hand grasping.

Published
2019

6. Functional relationship between myology and ecology in carnivores: do forelimb muscles reflect adaptations to prehension?

Author

Stéphane Peigné, Maxime Taverne, Marc Herbin, Christine Böhmer, Anthony Herrel, Anne-Claire Fabre, Département Adaptations du vivant (AVIV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), and Harvard University [Cambridge]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Ecology (disciplines), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.anatomical_structure, Evolutionary biology, Myology, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, medicine, Forelimb, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

7. Feeding, a Tool to Understand Vertebrate Evolution Introduction to 'Feeding in Vertebrates'

Author

Vincent Bels, Anthony Herrel, Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
biology, Extant taxon, Conceptual framework, Evolutionary biology, biology.animal, Darwin (ADL), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Vertebrate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Origin of species
Abstract

A major problem of evolution addressed by Darwin, in his Origin of Species (Darwin in On the origin of species. John Murray, London, 1859) is the evolutionary relationship between complex structures and their function, colloquially referred to as form–function relationships. Many of the insights that Darwin contributed to our conceptual framework of evolution are based on careful observations of traits in diverse fossil and extant vertebrates.

Published
2019

8. An interdisciplinary approach to the evolution of grasping and manipulation

Author

Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Ameline Bardo, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Cognitive science, Functional morphology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; This paper is an introduction to a special issue of the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (2019, volume 127: issue 3) focused on an interdisciplinary approach to the evolution of grasping and manipulation in tetrapods. Grasping is associated with pronounced morphological, dietary, social and locomotor differentiation, and this prompts several evolutionary questions, including the following. In primates, was the origin and evolution of grasping associated primarily with feeding or with locomotion and other social behaviours? Are some grasping and manipulative abilities unique to humans? What is the variability in grasping and manipulation among primates? What can we learn from other tetrapods? The special issue addresses some of these questions by exploring the ways in which the anatomy, functional morphology, ontogeny and biomechanics of tetrapods enable their hands to carry out diverse functions, such as locomotion and manipulation. We briefly review the possible origin and evolution of grasping and manipulative abilities in tetrapods and then introduce the ten other contributions to the special issue.

Published
2019

9. Heritability and genetic correlations of personality, life history and morphology in the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus)

Author

Pauline B. Zablocki-Thomas, Anthony Herrel, Caitlin J. Karanewsky, Fabienne Aujard, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Stanford University

Subjects
SELECTION, FITNESS, ANIMAL PERSONALITY, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal model, Biology and Life Sciences, Genetics and genomics behaviour/evolution/genetics pace-of-life syndrome, INDIVIDUAL VARIATION, heritability, PACE, primate, BEHAVIORAL SYNDROMES, EVOLUTION, personality, pace-of-life syndrome, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMPARING EVOLVABILITY, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, POPULATION, genetic correlations
Abstract

The recent interest in animal personality has sparked a number of studies on the heritability of personality traits. Yet, how the sources variance these traits can be decomposed remains unclear. Moreover, whether genetic correlations with life-history traits, personality traits and other phenotypic traits exist as predicted by the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis remains poorly understood. Our aim was to compare the heritability of personality, life-history and morphological traits and their potential genetic correlations in a small primate (Microcebus murinus). We performed an animal model analysis on six traits measured in a large sample of captive mouse lemurs (N = 486). We chose two personality traits, two life-history traits and two morphological traits to (i) estimate the genetic and/or environmental contribution to their variance, and (ii) test for genetic correlations between these traits. We found modest narrow-sense heritability for personality traits, morphological traits and life-history traits. Other factors including maternal effects also influence the sources of variation in life-history and morphological traits. We found genetic correlations between emergence latency on the one hand and radius length and growth rate on the other hand. Emergence latency was also genetically correlated with birth weight and was influenced by maternal identity. These results provide insights into the influence of genes and maternal effects on the partitioning of sources of variation in personality, life-history and morphological traits in a captive primate model and suggest that the pace-of-life syndrome may be partly explained by genetic trait covariances.

Published
2019

10. Food mobility and the evolution of grasping behaviour: a case study in strepsirrhine primates

Author

Anne-Claire Fabre, Erin Shaw, Christine E. Wall, Louise Peckre, Erin E. Ehmke, Aurélien Lowie, David Brewer, Kay Welser, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Duke University

Subjects
Male, Primates, 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, Movement, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030310 physiology, Food item, Lemur, Aquatic Science, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Motion (physics), 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Animals, Controlled experiment, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0303 health sciences, Hand Strength, biology, Perspective (graphical), Biological Evolution, Preference, Databases as Topic, Food, Insect Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Manual grasping is widespread among tetrapods but is more prominent and dexterous in primates. Whether the selective pressures that drove the evolution of dexterous hand grasping involved the collection of fruit or predation on mobile insects remains an area of debate. One way to explore this question is to examine preferences for manual versus oral grasping of a moving object. Previous studies on strepsirrhines have shown a preference for oral-grasping when grasping static food items and a preference for manual-grasping when grasping mobile prey such as insects, but little is known about the factors at play. Using a controlled experiment with a simple and predictable motion of a food item we tested and compared the grasping behaviours of 53 captive individuals belonging to 17 species of strepsirrhines while grasping swinging food items and static food items. The swinging motion increased the frequency of hand-use for all individuals. Our results provide evidence that the swinging motion of the food is a sufficient parameter to increase hand-grasping in a wide variety of strepsirrhine primates. From an evolutionary perspective, this result gives some support to the idea that hand-grasping abilities evolved under selective pressures associated with the predation of food items in motion. Looking at common grasping pattern across a large set of species, this study provides important insight into comparative approaches to understanding the evolution of food hand-grasping in primates and potentially other tetrapod taxa.

Published
2019

11. Synonymization of the genus nomen Dendroplex Swainson, 1827 and description of a new genus of woodcreeper (Aves: Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptidae) with remarks on Articles 67.5 and 70.3 of the Code

Author

Elizabeth Höfling, Claydson Pinto De Assis, Guy M. Kirwan, Marcos A. Raposo, Alain Dubois, Renata Stopiglia, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010607 zoology, Zoology, Dendroplex, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Xiphorhynchus, Oriolus, Animals, Animalia, Passeriformes, Chordata, Nomenclature, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, biology, Biodiversity, Furnariidae, biology.organism_classification, Woodcreeper, Type species, Animal Science and Zoology, Taxonomy (biology), Dendrocolaptes, Aves
Abstract

The polytypic Straight-billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus (J. F. Gmelin, 1788) is one of the most complex species-groups of Dendrocolaptidae (Aves: Passeriformes), from both the nomenclatural and morphological standpoints. Firstly, its alpha taxonomy is debatable. Virtually all recent works (e.g. Aleixo 2002; Marantz et al . 2003; del Hoyo & Collar 2016) have recognized just two species in the group— Dendroplex picus and Zimmer’s Woodcreeper Dendroplex kienerii (Des Murs, 1856)—although some of the other described taxa possess singular morphological characters and well-defined ranges somewhat isolated from their geographically closest relatives (e.g. Plain-throated Woodcreeper Dendroplex picirostris Lafresnaye, 1847). Secondly, the correct genus to which to allocate taxa presently included in this group ( vide Aleixo 2002) has been controversial. There is a considerable confusion as to which nominal species should be regarded as the type of Dendroplex Swainson, 1827 b . Three species are involved in the dispute (Cory & Hellmayr 1925; Peters 1951; Aleixo et al . 2002; Marantz et al . 2003; Aleixo et al . 2007): Oriolus picus J. F. Gmelin, 1788; Dendrocolaptes guttatus M. H. C. Lichtenstein, 1818; and Dendrocolaptes ocellatus Spix, 1824. Here, we re-examine the nomenclatural issue and show that application of the nomen Dendroplex to the clade comprising the species-group D. picus (Aleixo et al . 2007) is based on a misunderstanding of the application of Article 70.3 of the Code (Anon. 1999) and that Dendrocolaptes ocellatus Spix, 1824, is its real type species. Consequently, the genus Dendroplex Swainson, 1827 b , must be considered a junior synonym of Xiphorhynchus Swainson, 1827 a . Because no generic nomen is currently available for them, we propose a new genus nomen to encompass the species originally described as Oriolus picus J. F. Gmelin, 1788, Dendroplex picirostris Lafresnaye, 1847, and Dendrornis kienerii Des Murs, 1856.

Published
2018

12. Exact distribution of divergence times from fossil ages and tree topologies

Author

Gilles Didier, Michel Laurin, Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck (IMAG), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 0106 biological sciences, fossil ages, probability distribution, Probability density function, Extinction, Biological, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Time, Paleontology, 03 medical and health sciences, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Statistics, Genetics, Animals, Divergence (statistics), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Mathematics, 0303 health sciences, Extinction, Phylogenetic tree, biology, Fossils, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fossilized-birth-death model, fossilized birth–death model, biology.organism_classification, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], 030104 developmental biology, Cladogenesis, Synapsid, divergence times, Probability distribution, Tree (set theory)
Abstract

Being given a phylogenetic tree of both extant and extinct taxa in which the fossil ages are the only temporal information (namely, in which divergence times are considered unknown), we provide a method to compute the exact probability distribution of any divergence time of the tree with regard to any speciation (cladogenesis), extinction, and fossilization rates under the Fossilized Birth–Death model. We use this new method to obtain a probability distribution for the age of Amniota (the synapsid/sauropsid or bird/mammal divergence), one of the most-frequently used dating constraints. Our results suggest an older age (between about 322 and 340 Ma) than has been assumed by most studies that have used this constraint (which typically assumed a best estimate around 310–315 Ma) and provide, for the first time, a method to compute the shape of the probability density for this divergence time. [Divergence times; fossil ages; fossilized birth–death model; probability distribution.]

Published
2018

13. Iliac auricular surface morphofunctional study in felidae

Author

Marie-Ange Placide, Franck Lavenne, Vincent Bels, Raphaël Cornette, Mélina Ribaud, Vincent Abad, Eric Pellé, Jean-Pierre Pallandre, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Multimodal Et Pluridisciplinaire en imagerie du vivant (CERMEP - imagerie du vivant), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-CHU Grenoble-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU Saint-Etienne-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Probabilités, statistique, physique mathématique (PSPM), Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] (ICJ), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Felidae, Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hindlimb, Biology, Motor Activity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Pelvis, Ilium, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, medicine, Auricular surface, Animals, CATS, Junction, Sacroiliac, Sacroiliac Joint, Anatomy, Skeleton (computer programming), Biomechanical Phenomena, Spine (zoology), Skull, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Joint stiffness, Predatory Behavior, Animal Science and Zoology, medicine.symptom, Locomotion
Abstract

International audience; Felids show remarkable phenotypic similarities and are conservative in behavioral and ecological traits. In contrast, they display a large range in body mass from around 1kg to more than 300kg. Body size and locomotory specializations correlate to skull, limb and vertebral skeleton morphology. With an increase in body mass, felids prey selection switches from small to large, from using a rapid skull or spine lethal bite for small prey, to sustained suffocating bite for large prey. Dietary specialization correlates to skull and front limbs morphology but no correlation was found on the spine or on the hind limb. The morphology of the sacroiliac junction in relation to ecological factors remained to be described. We are presenting a study of the overall shape of the iliac auricular surface with qualitative and quantitative analyses of its morphology. Our results demonstrate that body mass, prey selection, and bite type, crucially influence the auricular surface, where no significant effect of locomotor specialization was found. The outline of the surface is significantly more elevated dorso-caudally and the joint surface shows an irregular W-shape topography in big cats whereas the surface in small cats is smoother with a C-shape topography and less of an elevated ridge. Biomechanically, we suggest that a complex auricular surface increases joint stiffness and provides more support in heavier cats, an advantage for subduing big prey successfully during a sustained bite.

Published
2018

14. Clinical and allelic heterogeneity in a pediatric cohort of 11 patients carrying MFN2 mutation

Author

Chloé Di Meglio, Brigitte Chabrol, Mathieu Milh, Caroline Ovaert, Christophe Boulay, Nicolas Lévy, Nathalie Bonello-Palot, Centre de référence maladie rare Thalassémie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Département de génétique médicale [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Service de pédiatrie et neurologie pédiatrique, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle (GMGF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de cardiologie Pédiatrique [Marseille], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Pathology, Subacute polyneuropathy, GTP Phosphohydrolases, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Spastic, Family history, Child, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Medicine, Pedigree, 3. Good health, Phenotype, Child, Preschool, Female, Allelic heterogeneity, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Respiratory chain deficiency, Mitochondrial Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Atrophy, Developmental Neuroscience, White matter lesion, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT), medicine, Humans, Optic atrophy, Genetic Testing, Allele, Alleles, Genetic testing, Muscle biopsy, business.industry, Infant, Membrane Proteins, medicine.disease, Neuropathy, 030104 developmental biology, Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Histopathology, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Introduction: The Mitofusin 2 gene (MFN2), which encodes a mitochondrial membrane protein, is known to be the first cause of autosomal dominant Charcot Marie Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) with early onset. This gene is involved in typical CMT2A and in more atypical phenotypes as optic atrophy or spastic paraplegia. CMT2 refers to inherited axonal polyneuropathy, which associates progressive peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy, a family history consistent mainly with autosomal dominant inheritance, and normal nerve conduction velocities. Subjects: Between 1999 and 2012, the genetic diagnosis of MFN2 mutation was made in 11 children who were treated in our department for different neurological symptoms. All data including family and personal history data, results of standardized clinical and electrophysiology testing, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neuro-ophthalmic evaluation, muscle biopsy histopathology and molecular diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Five different mutations were found in 6 unrelated families. Three of them have previously been described; the two remaining are new mutations: one of them related a new phenotype. Clinical signs appeared before the age of 6 years in more than half of the patients (54%). The motor deficit was predominant in 8 patients (72%). Two children presented an acute onset of disease that stabilized afterwards; the other children showed a more progressive deterioration that was managed symptomatically. Conclusion: This large pediatric study describes a great interfamilial and intrafamilial phenotypic variability. We recommend screening this gene in pediatric patient with chronic neurologic symptoms such as motor deficit or optic atrophy but also in acute neurologic deficiencies such as subacute polyradiculoneuritis. (C) 2015 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2016

15. Sequence Analysis of Grip and Manipulation During Tool Using Tasks: a New Method to Analyze Hand Use Strategies and Examine Human Specificities

Author

Laurence Chèze, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Antony Borel, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Archeology, 060101 anthropology, Process (engineering), Computer science, Hand use, 06 humanities and the arts, Kinematics, Variation (game tree), [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Constraint (information theory), 03 medical and health sciences, Consistency (database systems), Variable (computer science), 030104 developmental biology, Human evolution, Human–computer interaction, 0601 history and archaeology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Simulation
Abstract

Different factors may have coevolved with hand dexterity such as bipedalism, brain enlargement, language, and the production and use of stone technology. Prehistoric stone tools are thus probably one of the key elements to examine the origin and evolution of these essential functions during human evolution. To gain a better understanding of the variability of traces resulting from use found on stone tools or on the body of the user, to better infer past archaeological tools, and to assess what the tool-using human hand specificities are, it is essential to investigate and describe tool manipulation itself. Studies investigated this question but either focused on static finger postures during grasping, or involved complex kinematic model of the coordination of the fingers necessitating the pose of many markers on the hand excluding the application of the method on non-human species. Here, we propose a new method to describe and quantify the dynamic strategies of tool grip and manipulation without the need of markers. We tested this method on five human subjects who had to make bamboo points using flint flakes. Time-based sequence analysis allowed identifying and describing both consistency and variation among users and types of use depending on the observed variable (e.g., hand contact areas, repositioning). The method proved to be efficient and, to our knowledge, is the only available method to describe and quantify with such detailed level grip and manipulation as dynamic process in both human and non-human primates without high technical constraint.

Published
2016

16. Personality and performance are affected by age and early life parameters in a small primate

Author

Lucile Rabardel, Anthony Herrel, Pauline B. Zablocki-Thomas, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Martine Perret, Fabienne Aujard, Isabelle Hardy, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], Département Adaptations du vivant (AVIV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Harvard University, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, life history, Microcebus murinus, Evolution, Birth weight, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], DETERMINANTS, Biology, BEHAVIORAL SYNDROMES, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES, Behavioral syndrome, Grip strength, SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM, Behavior and Systematics, BITE FORCE, Personality, early life, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Original Research, media_common, Nature and Landscape Conservation, phenotypic correlation, Ecology, ANIMAL PERSONALITY, 05 social sciences, MOUSE LEMURS, Biology and Life Sciences, Phenotypic trait, biology.organism_classification, Bite force quotient, Sexual dimorphism, personality, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, MORPHOLOGY, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, REPEATABILITY, performance, Demography
Abstract

A whole suite of parameters is likely to influence the behavior and performance of individuals as adults, including correlations between phenotypic traits or an individual's developmental context. Here, we ask the question whether behavior and physical performance traits are correlated and how early life parameters such as birth weight, litter size, and growth can influence these traits as measured during adulthood. We studied 486 captive gray mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) and measured two behavioral traits and two performance traits potentially involved in two functions: exploration behavior with pull strength and agitation score with bite force. We checked for the existence of behavioral consistency in behaviors and explored correlations between behavior, performance, morphology. We analyzed the effect of birth weight, growth, and litter size, while controlling for age, sex, and body weight. Behavior and performance were not correlated with one another, but were both influenced by age. Growth rate had a positive effect on adult morphology, and birth weight significantly affected emergence latency and bite force. Grip strength was not directly affected by early life traits, but bite performance and exploration behavior were impacted by birth weight. This study shows how early life parameters impact personality and performance.

Published
2018

17. How Aging Affects Grasping Behavior and Pull Strength in Captive Gray Mouse Lemurs (Microcebus murinus)

Author

Marie Le Brazidec, Boulinguez-Ambroise Grégoire, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Anthony Herrel, Pauline Thomas, Fabienne Aujard, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University [Cambridge], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Microcebus murinus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lemur, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Grip strength, 0302 clinical medicine, Feeding behavior, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, medicine, Force platform, Young adult, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, biology.organism_classification, Animal ecology, Animal Science and Zoology, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Prehensile tail
Abstract

Prehension is essential for animal survival and fitness. It is involved in locomotion and feeding behavior and subject to physical and physiological constraints. Studies of prehension in primates have explored the importance of food properties and of the environment, but aging has rarely been studied although prehensile capacity may deteriorate with age in humans. To test the hypothesis that aging affects grasping abilities and to reveal possible behavioral adaptations to this, we quantified behavioral grasping strategies and pull strength in 10 young adult (2–3 yr old) and 10 aged (7–8 yr old) gray mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). We assessed grasping strategies in an experimental cage by quantifying grip types used to grasp static and mobile foods. We measured strength using a Kistler triaxial force platform. Our results show that 1) mobile and static foods affected individuals of different ages in similar ways; 2) older individuals used more mouth grasps than young ones; 3) aged individuals made twice as many attempts as young ones when grasping mobile food items but this difference was not significant; and 4) there were no differences in hand grip strength between age classes but young individuals showed a higher foot pull strength compared to old ones. These data suggest that the observed differences in behavior may be due to a decrease in foot grip strength, which in turn influences stability on narrow branches, forcing animals to use their hands to maintain stability and preventing them from using their hands for food-related tasks.

Published
2017

18. Manual function and performance in humans, gorillas, and orangutans during the same tool use task

Author

Ameline Bardo, Raphaël Cornette, Antony Borel, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-forme de morphométrie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Posture, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Anthropology, Physical, Task (project management), Young Adult, Task Performance and Analysis, Animals, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Function (engineering), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Principal Component Analysis, Gorilla gorilla, Hand Strength, Tool Use Behavior, business.industry, Body posture, 05 social sciences, Pongo, Hand, Anthropology, Female, Artificial intelligence, Anatomy, Psychology, business, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Objectives Humans are known to possess more complex manual abilities than other primates. However, the manual abilities of primates have not been fully explored, and we still do not know if the manipulative abilities we attribute to humans are unique. The aim of this study was to compare the manual function and performance developed by humans, gorillas and orangutans while performing the same experimental tool use task. Materials and Methods The study was conducted on 20 humans, 6 gorillas, and 7 orangutans. Each individual had to use a tool to collect food from a maze during six experimental sessions while maintaining the same unconstrained body posture condition. We quantified the different manual techniques used and the manual performance. Results Each species used different techniques. Humans used bimanual grip techniques, pad-to-pad precision grasping postures, and in-hand movements involving fingertips. Gorillas used unimanual grip techniques and simple in-hand movements while orangutans used a variety of strategies (e.g., hand or mouth). With these techniques, humans performed the task better than both gorillas and orangutans (e.g., by being quicker to collect the food). Discussion This study highlights other ways in which humans’ manual dexterity differs from that of other species and emphasizes the distinct manipulative function of orangutans. The differences between the species could be due to the differing muscular anatomy and morphology of the hands, with hand proportion possibly placing particular biomechanical constraints on each species. The differences between gorillas and orangutans could result from their different locomotor behaviors, and we hypothesize terrestriality facilitates the development of complex manipulation.

Published
2017

19. The effect of food properties on grasping and manipulation in the aquatic frog X enopus laevis

Author

Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Anthony Herrel, Madeleine Aumont, Thierry Decamps, Aude Anzeraey, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Harvard University, and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Arboreal locomotion, biology, Physiology, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Xenopus, Zoology, Context (language use), Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, 03 medical and health sciences, Aquatic species, 030104 developmental biology, Insect Science, Animal Science and Zoology, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Prehensile tail, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The ability to grasp an object is fundamental from an evolutionary perspective. Involved in many daily activities, grasping has been extensively studied in primates and other mammals. Yet, other groups of tetrapods, including anurans, have also evolved significant forelimb prehensile capacities that are often thought to have originated in an arboreal context. However, grasping is also observed in aquatic species. Yet, how aquatic frogs use their forelimbs to capture and manipulate prey remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to explore how the grasping and manipulation of food items in aquatic frogs is impacted by food properties such as size and mobility. To do so we use the aquatic frog Xenopus laevis and quantified the use of the hands and fingers while processing mobile and stationary prey of different sizes (small, intermediate, and large prey). Our results show that X. laevis is able to individualize the digits and that the mobility and the length of the prey significantly influence the kind of grasping pattern used. Grasping abilities are thus not specific to terrestrial, nor arboreal species. These results illustrate how prey properties impact grasping and manipulation strategies in an aquatic frog and shed further light on the ecological contexts that may have given rise to the origin of grasping in frogs.

Published
2017

20. Bluethroats Luscinia svecica namnetum offset landscape constraints by expanding their home range

Author

Laurent Godet, Elisa Grégoire, Matthieu Marquet, Sarah Monnet, Jérôme Fournier, Marie-Christine Eybert, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Parc naturel régional de Brière, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (CRBPO), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)

Subjects
biology, Ecology, Home range, Radiotracking, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Salinas, biology.organism_classification, Generalist and specialist species, Geography, Radio tracking, Abundance (ecology), Luscinia, Landscape, Territory, 14. Life underwater, Species richness, Brière, Offset (botany)
Abstract

International audience; The highly fragmented landscape structures of coastal salinas are known to result in decreased terrestrial bird abundance, species richness and diversity but to promote original assemblages dominated by specialist species, such as the Bluethroat Luscinia svecica namnetum. This species is mainly found at the core of these salinas, where the landscape characteristics are a priori the most hostile for terrestrial birds. The aim of this study was to test whether individuals of a specialized species like the Bluethroat may offset such landscape constraints by expanding their home ranges. We therefore radio-tracked 21 males in 2013 and 2014 in the salinas of the Marais du Mès (Parc Naturel Régional de Brière, Western France). The data of the 18 best-monitored males were used to carry out a hierarchical partitioning of variance to test the relative influence of landscape characteristics, individual characteristicsand distance to other males on their home-range sizes. We found that landscape characteristics were the factors that best explained home range sizes. Home-range sizes were significantly smaller in diversified landscapes composed of tidal creeks and salt-marsh patches and tended to be larger in landscapes dominated by the aquatic matrix consisting of water ponds. The results of this study demonstrate that although a few bird species are able toselect a priori hostile landscapes, they can offset such constraints by expanding their home-range size.

Published
2015

21. Foot shape in arboreal birds: two morphological patterns for the same pincer-like tool

Author

Elizabeth Höfling, Raphaël Cornette, Anick Abourachid, Anne-Claire Fabre, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Duke University, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Arboreal locomotion, Histology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), Morphology (biology), Biology, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Clade, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phylogeny, Principal Component Analysis, Phylogenetic tree, Foot, Cell Biology, Anatomy, Original Articles, Phalanx, body regions, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Climbing, Foot (unit), Developmental Biology
Abstract

The feet are the only contact between the body and the substrate in limbed animals and as such they provide a crucial interface between the animal and its environment. This is especially true for bipedal and arboreal species living in a complex three-dimensional environment that likely induces strong selection on foot morphology. In birds, foot morphology is highly variable, with different orientations of the toes, making it a good model for the study of the role of functional, developmental, and phylogenetic constraints in the evolution of phenotypic diversity. Our data on the proportions of the phalanges analyzed in a phylogenetic context show that two different morphological patterns exist that depend mainly on habitat and toe orientation. In the anisodactyl foot, the hallux is the only backward-oriented toe and is enlarged in climbing species and reduced in terrestrial ones. Moreover, a proximo-distal gradient in phalanx size is observed depending on the degree of terrestriality. In the two other cases (heterodactyl and zygodactyl) that have two toes that point backward, the hallux is rather small in contrast to the other backward-pointing toe, which is enlarged. The first pattern is convergent and common among tetrapods and follows rules of skeletal development. The second pattern is unique for the clade and under muscle–morphogenetic control. In all cases, the functional result is the same tool, a pincer-like foot.

Published
2017

22. The third dimension: a novel set-up for filming coelacanths in their natural environment

Author

Yannick Gentil, Cédric Gentil, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Hugo Dutel, Régis Debruyne, Anthony Herrel, Thierry Decamps, Laurent Ballesta, Gaël Clément, Florian Holon, Thibault Rauby, Marc Herbin, Guillaume Eveillard, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University, Andromède Océanologie, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Fly-n-Sense, Mérignac, Fly-n-Sense, Harvard University [Cambridge], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Hull [United Kingdom], Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
030110 physiology, 0301 basic medicine, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Kinematics, Natural (archaeology), Set (abstract data type), 03 medical and health sciences, Dimension (vector space), Three dimensional data, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Computer vision, 14. Life underwater, Underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Simulation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, business.industry, Ecological Modeling, Latimeria, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, biology.organism_classification, Dorsal fin, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract

1: Here we describe a novel design to obtain three dimensional data on the movements of aquatic organisms at depths of up to 140 meters. 2: The setup consists of two synchronized high-speed cameras fixed to two articulated arms. 3: The setup was successfully used to film and quantify the locomotion of coelacanths (Latimeria chalumnae) living at a depth of about 120 meters in Sodwana Bay, South Africa. As an example, the detailed motion of the dorsal fin is presented here. 4: This setup can be used for any underwater applications that require synchronized video recordings of medium to large sized animals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2017

23. Growing in a city: Consequences on body size and plumage quality in an urban dweller, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus)

Author

François Brischoux, Frédéric Angelier, Bruno Michaud, Alizée Meillère, Roger Garcin, Pierre-Yves Henry, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d'Oiseaux (CRBPO ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (CRBPO), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Plumage quality, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, Nest, biology.animal, Urbanization, 11. Sustainability, Juvenile, Nutritional constraint, House sparrow, Nature and Landscape Conservation, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Sparrow, Body condition, Ecology, biology, Body size, Urban Studies, Plumage, Feather, visual_art, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ornithology, Moulting
Abstract

In urban environments, wild vertebrates have to adjust to new environmental challenges (e.g., modified resource availability, increased chemical, noise and light pollutions). However, while the pace of urbanization is constantly increasing, little is known about the ultimate consequences of urban life on the condition of free-living organisms during different life-history stages. In this study, we investigated the influence of urbanization on the condition and non-ornamental feather quality in a common wild bird species, the House sparrow ( Passer domesticus ). Using a national network of trained ringers, almost 600 juvenile (early post-fledging) and adult sparrows were captured at 30 sites that differ in urbanization rates. To specifically test whether urbanization differentially affect individuals during different parts of the life cycle, we used several proxies for the energetic and nutritional conditions experienced during (1) the developmental period (body size, juvenile feather quality), (2) at the time of capture (body condition), or (3) during the molting period (adult feather quality). Using this methodology, we showed for the first time that urbanization is associated with both reduced body size and feather quality in this urban-dweller species across a large geographical scale. Importantly, only tarsus length and juvenile plumage quality, both determined during development in the nest, were affected by the degree of urbanization. Conversely, body condition and plumage quality did not differ along the urbanization gradient in adults. Our results thus suggest that urban house sparrows could suffer from nutritional deficit during their development while such constraints disappear once the chicks have completed their growth.

Published
2017

24. Contrasting distributions of grassland and arable birds in heterogenous farmlands: Implications for conservation

Author

Delphine Antoniucci, Muriel Tichit, Félix Teillard, Frédéric Jiguet, Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d'Oiseaux (CRBPO ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (CRBPO), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, agri-environment scheme, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, specialization, Abundance (ecology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, Land use, Ecology, Agroforestry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, land use, 15. Life on land, Spatial heterogeneity, Geography, Habitat destruction, Habitat, Species evenness, heterogeneity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Arable land, farmland bird, configuration
Abstract

Restoring the heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes has been proposed as a key measure to promote farmland biodiversity. Recent studies, however, warn against generalizing this measure because effects can vary across agricultural contexts and species. We explored the hypothesis that heterogeneity has a negative effect on habitat specialists and a positive effect on generalists. We studied 22 species of common farmland birds belonging to three groups: arable specialists, grassland specialists, and mixed habitat (arable, grassland) “generalist” species. Abundances of these three groups were compared on a nationwide gradient of heterogeneity in France (2006 data), including 510 survey sites. We addressed the heterogeneity of the two main farmland habitats: arable land and grassland. We measured habitat extent (arable/(arable + grassland) ratio) and two heterogeneity components: composition (evenness in the land use proportions) and configuration (probability of adjacency). Although maximal configurational heterogeneity was found at maximal compositional heterogeneity, several landscapes had high compositional heterogeneity but low configurational heterogeneity. The abundance of specialists was strongly correlated with habitat extent and negatively correlated with configurational heterogeneity. It suggests that the most important mechanism influencing their population level could be habitat loss, worsened by fragmentation. Generalist species were more abundant in landscapes with higher proportion of arable land and high configurational heterogeneity, which suggests resource supplementation could be the mechanism that improves their population level. Depending on targeted species, opposite effects of heterogeneity can occur. No unique conservation policy solution to maintain all groups of farmland birds exists, promoting landscapes with various heterogeneity levels will be necessary.

Published
2014

25. Holding-on: co-evolution between infant carrying and grasping behaviour in strepsirrhines

Author

Kay Welser, Erin E. Ehmke, Louise Peckre, David Haring, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Erin Shaw, David Brewer, Anne-Claire Fabre, Christine E. Wall, Duke University, Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
infant carrying, grasping, 0106 biological sciences, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, biology.animal, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Primate, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, biology, Behavior, Animal, Hand Strength, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, Strepsirhini, Animals, Newborn, Female, Artificial intelligence, business, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

The origin and evolution of manual grasping remain poorly understood. The ability to cling requires important grasping abilities and is essential to survive in species where the young are carried in the fur. A previous study has suggested that this behaviour could be a pre-adaptation for the evolution of fine manipulative skills. In this study we tested the co-evolution between infant carrying in the fur and manual grasping abilities in the context of food manipulation. As strepsirrhines vary in the way infants are carried (mouth vs. fur), they are an excellent model to test this hypothesis. Data on food manipulation behaviour were collected for 21 species of strepsirrhines. Our results show that fur-carrying species exhibited significantly more frequent manual grasping of food items. This study clearly illustrates the potential novel insights that a behaviour (infant carrying) that has previously been largely ignored in the discussion of the evolution of primate manipulation can bring.

Published
2016
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26. Feeding Consequences of Hand and Foot Disability in Wild Adult Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)

Author

Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Andrew Seguya, Sabrina Krief, Justine Philippon, Marie Cibot, Pauline Couchoud, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sebitoli Research Station, UWA - Uganda Wildlife Authority, Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Arboreal locomotion, biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 05 social sciences, Troglodytes, 15. Life on land, Sitting, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Feeding behavior, Behavioral data, Animal ecology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Tree species, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Foot (unit), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Demography
Abstract

Many wild primates experience long-term limb disability, and their ability to cope with disability has implications for survival and fitness. We quantified the arboreal feeding and postural behaviors of adult chimpanzees to study the consequences of physical limb disabilities. We collected behavioral data for a total of 8 mo on chimpanzees at Sebitoli, Kibale National Park, Uganda, focusing on the time spent feeding, common feeding tree species, body postures, and substrate use. Of the 51 chimpanzees we observed, 16 (31%) exhibited limb anomalies, which varied in form and severity. Disabled chimpanzees climbed as high as chimpanzees without disabilities and did not differ from nondisabled chimpanzees in the amount they used feeding tree species. Adult chimpanzees with severe hand disability spent significantly more time feeding than nondisabled individuals. In addition, manually disabled adults did not suspend themselves from branches during feeding as frequently as nondisabled adults and used larger substrates for gripping and sitting than nondisabled adults. These results indicate that disabled individuals compensate to carry out feeding activities in trees.

Published
2016

27. How to interpret informal flakes assemblages? Integrating morphological description, usewear and morphometric analysis gave better understanding of the behaviors of anatomically modern human from Song Terus (Indonesia)

Author

Truman Simanjuntak, Claire Gaillard, François Sémah, Antony Borel, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Robert Sala, Marie-Hélène Moncel, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Area de Prehistoria (IPHES (Institut Catala de Paleoecologia humana i Evolucio Social)), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili., Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, History, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Computer science, Human Factors and Ergonomics, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Southeast asia, Prehistory, Form and function, 0601 history and archaeology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060102 archaeology, biology, business.industry, Flake, 06 humanities and the arts, biology.organism_classification, Archaeology, Morphometric analysis, Anatomically modern human, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Natural language processing
Abstract

Stone artifacts are the most numerous remains provided by early Holocene sites in Southeast Asia. They are thus of prime importance to understand better human behaviors of this region. However, they are typo-technologically difficult to characterize and consist mainly of informal flakes. This paper presents an innovative approach focusing on form and function to better assess the prehistoric use of stone tools in the region using a sample of flakes from the cave of Song Terus, Java, Indonesia. The integration of morphological description, usewear and morphometric analysis (Elliptical Fourier Analysis) allows a detailed characterization of tool use not possible with other methods. We demonstrate that a specific form of stone flake is not related to a particular function and vice versa. Our results show that tool production was not oriented towards the production of flakes of specific form, or to the production of flake blanks that could be modified by retouch but was a system where the control of flake shape was relaxed in favor of the selection of flakes suitable for particular tasks either during reduction or once core reduction had concluded.

Published
2013

28. Behavioral and functional strategies during tool use tasks in bonobos

Author

Bardo, Ameline, Borel, Antony, Meunier, Hélène, Guéry, Jean-Pascal, Pouydebat, Emmanuelle, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

29. Does skull morphology constrain bone ornamentation? A morphometric analysis in the Crocodylia

Author

V. de Buffrénil, Thibaud Souter, Raphaël Cornette, Jorge Cubo, Christopher A. Brochu, François Clarac, Neurobiologie et Mouvement (Nbm), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Outils et Méthodes de la Systématique Intégrative (OMSI), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biominéralisations et environnements sédimentaires (BES), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Histology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Skull morphology, Animals, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Dermal bone, Morphometrics, Alligators and Crocodiles, Skull, Cell Biology, Anatomy, Original Articles, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Morphometric analysis, Allometry, Snout, Developmental Biology
Abstract

International audience; Previous quantitative assessments of the crocodylians' dermal bone ornamentation (this ornamentation consists of pits and ridges) has shown that bone sculpture results in a gain in area that differs between anatomical regions: it tends to be higher on the skull table than on the snout. Therefore, a comparative phylogenetic analysis within 17 adult crocodylian specimens representative of the morphological diversity of the 24 extant species has been performed, in order to test if the gain in area due to ornamentation depends on the skull morphology, i.e. shape and size. Quantitative assessment of skull size and shape through geometric morphometrics, and of skull ornamentation through surface analyses, produced a dataset that was analyzed using phylogenetic least-squares regression. The analyses reveal that none of the variables that quantify ornamentation, be they on the snout or the skull table, is correlated with the size of the specimens. Conversely, there is more disparity in the relationships between skull conformations (longirostrine vs. brevirostrine) and ornamentation. Indeed, both parameters GApit (i.e. pit depth and shape) and OArelat (i.e. relative area of the pit set) are negatively correlated with snout elongation, whereas none of the values quantifying ornamentation on the skull table is correlated with skull conformation. It can be concluded that bone sculpture on the snout is influenced by different developmental constrains than on the skull table and is sensible to differences in the local growth ‘context' (allometric processes) prevailing in distinct skull parts. Whatever the functional role of bone ornamentation on the skull, if any, it seems to be restricted to some anatomical regions at least for the longirostrine forms that tend to lose ornamentation on the snout.

Published
2016

30. Exploration Behavior and Morphology are Correlated in Captive Gray Mouse Lemurs (Microcebus murinus)

Author

Fabienne Aujard, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Isabelle Hardy, Anthony Herrel, Pauline Thomas, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Harvard University [Cambridge], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Microcebus murinus, biology, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 05 social sciences, Lemur, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Behavioral syndrome, Animal ecology, Evolutionary biology, biology.animal, Trait, Biological dispersal, Personality, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Primate, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract

Behavior varies among individuals and is flexible within individuals. However, studies of behavioral syndromes and animal personality have demonstrated that animals can show consistency in their behavior and as such may be restricted in their behavioral responses. Like any other trait, including morphology, performance, or physiology, personality is now considered an important component of ecology and may have fitness consequences. Moreover, in some species personality correlates with other traits, as predicted in the context of a recent theoretical framework postulating that individual differences in growth and body size can affect behavior through effects on growth–mortality tradeoffs. This “pace of life” hypothesis predicts that animals that explore more should be larger and have higher growth rates than those that explore less. We tested for associations between morphology and a behavioral trait in a captive colony of gray mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). We used open-field tests to evaluate exploration behavior and measured a series of morphological traits in 72 individuals (32 males and 40 females). Our results show that the latency to start exploring correlates positively with adult body size and body weight at birth. These data provide evidence for a link between morphology and behavior in this species, thus supporting predictions of dispersal models but diverging from the predictions of the “pace of life” model.

Published
2016

31. Solutions for Archiving Data in Long-Term Studies: A Reply to Whitlock et al

Author

Christophe Thébaud, Erkki Korpimäki, Richard H. M. Espie, Blandine Doligez, Sarah Wanless, Alastair J. Wilson, Gilles Gauthier, Daniel Oro, Christophe Bonenfant, Bengt Hansson, Frédéric Jiguet, Jon E. Swenson, Anders Pape Møller, James S. Sedinger, A.V. Bushuev, Robert F. Rockwell, Robert W. Furness, Denis Réale, Michael P. Harris, Céline Teplitsky, Hugh Drummond, Anne Charmantier, Steeve D. Côté, Alexandre Roulin, Emmanuelle Cam, Niels Jeroen Dingemanse, Juha Merilä, Francesca D. Frentiu, John W. Fitzpatrick, Benoit Pujol, Andrew Cockburn, Shinichi Nakagawa, Tomas Pärt, Peter H. Becker, Marco Festa-Bianchet, Andreas Zedrosser, James A. Mills, Pierre Bize, David F. Westneat, Marcel E. Visser, Peter R. Grant, Antoni Margalida, Luc Lens, Petter Kjellander, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Matthew Low, Andrew G. McAdam, Tim R. Birkhead, Beatriz Arroyo, Jaime Potti, Stan Boutin, Daniel T. Blumstein, Ian C.T. Nisbet, Michael Griesser, Francis Daunt, Charles J. Krebs, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Lars Gustafsson, John D. C. Linnell, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Fanie Pelletier, John C. Coulson, Animal Ecology (AnE), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Aberdeen], University of Aberdeen, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Parasitologie évolutive (PE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Openet, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences [UK], University of Glasgow, Departement de Biologie & Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Université Laval, Institute for Digital Communications (IDCOM), University of Edinburgh, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lund University [Lund], Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu (IMJ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d'Oiseaux (CRBPO ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Bearded Vulture Study and Protection Group, Department of Biosciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Animal Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Institut Mediterrani d'estudis Avançats, Mallorca, Spain, Departemento de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC), Estacion de Donana, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Sciences Biologiques [Montréal], Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (CRBPO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Computer science, Ecology (disciplines), Information Dissemination, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Open access publishing, Surveys and Questionnaires, Information system, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Science General, Data science, Term (time), Data sharing, 030104 developmental biology, Open Access Publishing, international, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ta1181
Abstract

James A. Mills et al.-- Letter.

Published
2016

32. Optimal allocations of agricultural intensity reveal win-no loss solutions for food production and biodiversity

Author

Camille Dross, Luc Doyen, Félix Teillard, Frédéric Jiguet, Muriel Tichit, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Ministère de l’Ecologie, du Développement Durable et de l’Energie, Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d'Oiseaux (CRBPO ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), FAO Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa [Addis Ababa, Ethiopie] (FAO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (CRBPO), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Land use and intensity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Multi-objective optimization, Agricultural land, Production (economics), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, agri-environment schemes, business.industry, indicator, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, Agriculture, Scale (social sciences), Food processing, pareto optimization, Environmental science, indexHabitat specialization, business, farmland bird
Abstract

publication en ligne 23 avril 2016; Reconciling biodiversity conservation and food production may require the fine-tuning of both agricultural intensity and its spatial allocation. Here, we explored whether the optimization of allocation of intensity could improve food production and biodiversity outcomes. We developed a spatially explicit, multi-criteria optimization model for agricultural intensity allocation at the scale of France and at the resolution of small agricultural regions (SARs) with a mean area of 669.6 km2. Three thousand allocations were randomly simulated and then optimized under three scenarios: intensification, extensification, and reallocation. Optimization was based on food production and biodiversity outcomes using several metrics, such as habitat specialization and trophic level, that reflect the composition of farmland bird communities. The optimization was based on derived statistical relationships between intensity and the production and biodiversity metrics at the SAR scale using national agricultural statistics and bird census data. Simulations showed that optimal allocations modulated the trade-off among criteria and led to increased efficiency, with optimal extensification increasing biodiversity and minimizing production losses. Furthermore, we revealed “win-no loss” solutions. For example, optimal intensification increased production with almost no biodiversity loss and optimal reallocation benefited biodiversity with almost no cost to production. A variety of agricultural intensity levels were necessary to maintain a diversity of farmland bird communities at the national scale. Although we demonstrate that optimal allocation of intensity can be a powerful means of reconciling diverse criteria at the national scale, its implementation will require new mechanisms for spatially targeted and coordinated policies.

Published
2016

33. A quick and simple method, usable in the field, for collecting parasites in suitable condition for both morphological and molecular studies

Author

Marine J. Briand, Rodney A. Bray, Jean-Lou Justine, Biodiversité, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Gill, medicine.medical_treatment, Zoology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Specimen Handling, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 03 medical and health sciences, Tap water, Helminths, medicine, Animals, Parasites, Saline, 0303 health sciences, General Veterinary, biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Systématique, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, General Medicine, Anatomy, Méthodes, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, Gastrointestinal Tract, Infectious Diseases, Untrained Personnel, Moléculaire, Insect Science, Vertebrates, Parasitology, Digestive tract, Copepod, Fish gill
Abstract

11 pages imprimées; International audience; Many methods have been proposed for collecting and fixing parasites, but most were written before the molecular age, and were intended to be practised by experienced parasitologists in well-equipped laboratories. We describe here a very simple method, illustrated by photographs, for collecting helminths from the digestive tract of vertebrates. It only requires a few plastic vials, some ethanol and a means to heat water. Basically, the method consists of: (a) the extraction of all organs from the abdominal cavity; (b) opening the digestive system longitudinally; (c) agitate gut and contents in a saline solution (i.e. ca. 9% NaCl or ¼ sea water in tap water); (d) decant in saline as many times as needed to clean contents; (e) immediately fix parasites in near-boiling saline; (f) discard saline and keep specimens in 95% ethanol. Additional information is given for collecting parasites from fish gills with a similar process. The method will collect most helminths (digeneans, larval cestodes, nematodes, acanthocephalans) from the digestive tract, and monogeneans and isopod and copepod crustaceans from fish gills. The specimens will be suitable for both morphological study and DNA sequencing. The method is simple, fast, inexpensive, and can be used by untrained personnel, even in the field without electricity and without a binocular microscope. It can also be used by trained parasitologists who need to expedite treatment of abundant samples.

Published
2012

34. Bipedal locomotion in ratites (Paleognatiform): examples of cursorial birds

Author

Anick Abourachid, Sabine Renous, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
biology, symbols.heraldic_supporter, STRIDE, Anatomy, biology.organism_classification, Cursorial, Gait, Struthionidae, Kiwi, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, symbols, Dromaius novaehollandiae, Animal Science and Zoology, Bipedalism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Struthio
Abstract

The gaits of five Ostriches Struthio camelus, seven Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae, two Greater Rheas Rhea americana, two Southern Cassowaries Casuarius casuarius and one Brown kiwi Apteryx australis were filmed at zoological parks. Locomotor parameters were measured using footprints on sandy tracks and video records. Osteological measurements were made on skeletons of the pelvic limbs. All of these terrestrial birds shift from wallking to running at a relative speed below 1. However, they show two different locomotor patterns: the Brown Kiwi increases its speed by increasing its stride length, mainly by increasing the protraction angle. Its hindlimbs make a flexed jointed chain system, its centre of mass is anterior, its femurs are long and the knees act in yield whereas the distal joints act in propulsion. Other ratites, particularly Ostriches, increase their speed by increasing frequency. Their centre of mass is close to the hip, their hindlimbs have an extended jointed chain system with a short erect femur, maximizing a gravity-powered system.

Published
2008

35. The invasive land planarian Platydemus manokwari (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae): records from six new localities, including the first in the USA

Author

Jessica Thévenot, David G. Robinson, Jean-Lou Justine, Leigh Winsor, David Philippart, Andrew Wee Kien Han, Jean-Marc Lefevre, Crispus Fanai, Giomara La Quay-Velázquez, Patrick Barrière, Delphine Gey, Jean-Yves Meyer, Francis Tsatsia, Benjamin Paul Yi-Hann Lee, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), James Cook University (JCU), Conservatoire d'espaces naturels de Nouvelle Calédonie (CEN NC), Biosecurity Solomon Islands, Service de Systématique Moléculaire (SSM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SingHealth Polyclinics, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent [Canterbury], National Parks Board, Environnement et cadre de vie, Ville de Caen, Délégation à la recherche Polynésie française, FREDON de Basse Normandie, Academy of natural sciences, Philadelphia, Service du Patrimoine Naturel (SPN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de l'Environnement et du Cadre de vie, Biodiversité, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Nouvelle Calédonie (CEN Nouvelle Calédonie), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Universidad de Puerto Rico - UPR (PUERTO RICO), Biologie Intégrative des Populations, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Service de Systématique Moléculaire

Subjects
Conservation Biology, lcsh:Medicine, Alien species, French Polynesia, Introduced species, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Invasive species, New Caledonia, Platydemus manokwari, Agricultural Science, Endemism, USA, Taxonomy, Genetic diversity, Singapore, biology, Ecology, General Neuroscience, Land planarian, lcsh:R, Puerto Rico, Solomon Island, Biodiversity, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Flatworm, Genetic structure, Mainland, Geoplanidae, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Zoology
Abstract

International audience; The land planarian Platydemus manokwari de Beauchamp, 1963 or "New Guinea flatworm" is a highly invasive species, mainly in the Pacific area, and recently in Europe (France). We report specimens from six additional countries and territories: New Caledonia (including mainland and two of the Loyalty Islands, Lifou and Maré), Wallis and Futuna Islands, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Puerto Rico, and Florida, USA. We analysed the COI gene (barcoding) in these specimens with two sets of primers and obtained 909 bp long sequences. In addition, specimens collected in Townsville (Australia) were also sequenced. Two haplotypes of the COI sequence, differing by 3.7%, were detected: the "World haplotype" found in France, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Singapore, Florida and Puerto Rico; and the "Australian haplotype" found in Australia. The only locality with both haplotypes was in the Solomon Islands. The country of origin of Platydemus manokwari is New Guinea, and Australia and the Solomon Islands are the countries closest to New Guinea from which we had specimens. These results suggest that two haplotypes exist in the area of origin of the species, but that only one of the two haplotypes (the "World haplotype") has, through human agency, been widely dispersed. However, since P. manokwari is now recorded from 22 countries in the world and we have genetic information from only 8 of these, with none from New Guinea, this analysis provides only partial knowledge of the genetic structure of the invasive species. Morphological analysis of specimens from both haplotypes has shown some differences in ratio of the genital structures but did not allow us to interpret the haplotypes as different species. The new reports from Florida and Puerto Rico are firsts for the USA, for the American continent, and the Caribbean. P. manokwari is a known threat for endemic terrestrial molluscs and its presence is a matter of concern. While most of the infected territories reported until now were islands, the newly reported presence of the species in mainland US in Florida should be considered a potential major threat to the whole US and even the Americas.

Published
2015

36. Substrate Diameter and Orientation in the Context of Food Type in the Gray Mouse Lemur, Microcebus murinus: Implications for the Origins of Grasping in Primates

Author

Fabienne Aujard, Anthony Herrel, Séverine Toussaint, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Callum F. Ross, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Arboreal locomotion, Microcebus murinus, biology, Mouse lemur, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, biology.organism_classification, Predation, body regions, Frugivore, Evolutionary biology, Animal ecology, biology.animal, Animal Science and Zoology, Primate, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Prehensile tail, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Grasping is a widespread behavior among tetrapod vertebrates. In primates, the hands and feet are involved in many tasks including arboreal locomotion and food acquisition. Yet, the origin and the evolution of prehensile capacities, which are highly diversified across this group, remain open for inquiry. Some researchers suggest that grasping evolved in an arboreal habitat consisting of fine branches associated with insect predation and/or fruit and flower exploitation. However, few studies have tested the importance of arboreal conditions and diet, e.g., frugivorous, omnivorous, on the use of the hands in food grasping. The aim of this study was to link substrate use and food grasping strategies quantitatively to test hypotheses concerning primate grasping origins. We studied a species often described as a good ecological model to study the origin of grasping in primates, Microcebus murinus, and quantified its spontaneous substrate use (diameter and orientation) in an unconstrained environment while presenting them with different food types (static and mobile). We show that 1) Microcebus murinus appears to be an opportunistic rather than a specialist user of fine branches as suggested previously, at least under laboratory conditions; and 2) food properties had an impact on the use of the hands vs. the mouth, with the hands being used more for the grasping of mobile prey. Our results are consistent with hypotheses for primate origins that propose adaptations to both a narrow branch environment and visually directed prey capture with the hands. However, additional studies in the wild are needed to understand better the origin and increased use of the hands in primates grasping and manipulation.

Published
2015

37. Estimating thumb–index finger precision grip and manipulation potential in extant and fossil primates

Author

Aaron M. Dollar, Thomas Feix, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Tracy L. Kivell, Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Primates, Neanderthal, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Bioengineering, Thumb, Biochemistry, Models, Biological, Biomaterials, Fingers, Paleontology, Extant taxon, Hand strength, biology.animal, Finger Joint, medicine, Animals, Computer Simulation, Range of Motion, Articular, Research Articles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, Hand Strength, Fossils, Thumb index, biology.organism_classification, medicine.anatomical_structure, Australopithecus, Evolutionary biology, Motor Skills, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Finger joint, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Australopithecus afarensis, Biotechnology
Abstract

Primates, and particularly humans, are characterized by superior manual dexterity compared with other mammals. However, drawing the biomechanical link between hand morphology/behaviour and functional capabilities in non-human primates and fossil taxa has been challenging. We present a kinematic model of thumb–index precision grip and manipulative movement based on bony hand morphology in a broad sample of extant primates and fossil hominins. The model reveals that both joint mobility and digit proportions (scaled to hand size) are critical for determining precision grip and manipulation potential, but that having either a long thumb or great joint mobility alone does not necessarily yield high precision manipulation. The results suggest even the oldest available fossil hominins may have shared comparable precision grip manipulation with modern humans. In particular, the predicted human-like precision manipulation ofAustralopithecus afarensis, approximately one million years before the first stone tools, supports controversial archaeological evidence of tool-use in this taxon.

Published
2015

38. Do bimanual coordination, tool use, and body posture contribute equally to hand preferences in bonobos?

Author

Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Hélène Meunier, Ameline Bardo, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Hand preference, Posture, Population, Functional Laterality, Lateralization of brain function, Task (project management), Task Performance and Analysis, Animals, Bipedalism, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, Body posture, Pan paniscus, Directional bias, Anthropology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, Vocalization, Animal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Psychology, Locomotion, Psychomotor Performance, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Approximately 90% of the human population is right-handed. The emergence of this hand preference in humans is thought to be linked to the ability to execute complex tasks and habitual bipedalism. In order to test these hypotheses, the present study explored, for the first time, hand preference in relation to both body posture (seated and bipedal) and task complexity (bimanual coordination and two tool use tasks of different complexity) in bonobos (Pan paniscus). Few studies have explored the effects of both posture and task complexity on handedness, and investigations with bonobos are scarce, particularly studies on tool use. Our study aims to overcome such a gap by addressing two main questions: 1) Does a bipedal posture increase the strength of hand preference and/or create a directional bias to the use of the right hand? 2) Independent of body posture, does task complexity increase the strength of the hand preference and/or create a directional bias to the use of the right hand? Our results show that independent of body posture, the more complex the task, the more lateralization occurred. Moreover, subjects tended to be right-handed for tasks involving tool use. However, posture had no significant effect on hand preference in the tasks tested here. Therefore, for a given task, bonobos were not more lateralized in a bipedal posture than in a seated one. Task complexity might thus have contributed more than bipedal posture to the emergence of human lateralization and the preponderance of right-handedness, although a larger sample size and more data are needed to be conclusive.

Published
2015

39. Forecasting the Effects of Land Use Scenarios on Farmland Birds Reveal a Potential Mitigation of Climate Change Impacts

Author

Romain Lorrillière, Morgane Barbet-Massin, Francois Leger, Karine Princé, Frédéric Jiguet, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (CRBPO), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yale University [New Haven], Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche), French National Research Agency under the Systerra program-Ecosystems and Sustainable Development [ANR-08-STRA-007], FRB (Fondation pour la Recherche en Biodiversite), MOBILIS program-Modeling for Scenarios and Sustainable Management of Biodiversity, Farming and Forestry Facing Climate Change, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d'Oiseaux (CRBPO ), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
Science, Climate Change, Biodiversity, Climate change, Birds, Effects of global warming, Animals, Ecosystem, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, Multidisciplinary, Land use, business.industry, Agroforestry, Environmental resource management, Agriculture, 15. Life on land, Adaptive management, 13. Climate action, Medicine, Environmental science, Animal Migration, business, Global biodiversity, Research Article, Forecasting
Abstract

International audience; Climate and land use changes are key drivers of current biodiversity trends, but interactions between these drivers are poorly modeled, even though they could amplify or mitigate negative impacts of climate change. Here, we attempt to predict the impacts of different agricultural change scenarios on common breeding birds within farmland included in the potential future climatic suitable areas for these species. We used the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) to integrate likely changes in species climatic suitability, based on species distribution models, and changes in area of farmland, based on the IMAGE model, inside future climatic suitable areas. We also developed six farmland cover scenarios, based on expert opinion, which cover a wide spectrum of potential changes in livestock farming and cropping patterns by 2050. We ran generalized linear mixed models to calibrate the effects of farmland cover and climate change on bird specific abundance within 386 small agricultural regions. We used model outputs to predict potential changes in bird populations on the basis of predicted changes in regional farmland cover, in area of farmland and in species climatic suitability. We then examined the species sensitivity according to their habitat requirements. A scenario based on extensification of agricultural systems (i.e., low-intensity agriculture) showed the greatest potential to reduce reverse current declines in breeding birds. To meet ecological requirements of a larger number of species, agricultural policies accounting for regional disparities and landscape structure appear more efficient than global policies uniformly implemented at national scale. Interestingly, we also found evidence that farmland cover changes can mitigate the negative effect of climate change. Here, we confirm that there is a potential for countering negative effects of climate change by adap-tive management of landscape. We argue that such studies will help inform sustainable agricultural policies for the future.

Published
2015

40. Archiving primary data: solutions for long-term studies

Author

Blandine Doligez, Juha Merilä, Steeve D. Côté, Peter R. Grant, Robert F. Rockwell, Daniel T. Blumstein, Jaime Potti, Stan Boutin, Denis Réale, Christophe Thébaud, Tomas Pärt, Andreas Zedrosser, Alexandre Roulin, Beatriz Arroyo, Fanie Pelletier, John C. Coulson, Charles J. Krebs, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Jon E. Swenson, Marcel E. Visser, Petter Kjellander, Anne Charmantier, Francesca D. Frentiu, Anders Pape Møller, Erkki Korpimäki, Michael P. Harris, Gilles Gauthier, Andrew G. McAdam, Andrew Cockburn, Christophe Bonenfant, Antoni Margalida, Shinichi Nakagawa, James S. Sedinger, Sarah Wanless, Niels Jeroen Dingemanse, Emmanuelle Cam, James A. Mills, Daniel Oro, Bengt Hansson, Hugh Drummond, Benoit Pujol, Pierre Bize, Tim R. Birkhead, Robert W. Furness, David F. Westneat, Frédéric Jiguet, Céline Teplitsky, A.V. Bushuev, Luc Lens, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Matthew Low, Alastair J. Wilson, Francis Daunt, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Lars Gustafsson, Peter H. Becker, Marco Festa-Bianchet, John D. C. Linnell, John W. Fitzpatrick, Dany Garant, Ian C.T. Nisbet, Michael Griesser, Richard H. M. Espie, Animal Ecology (AnE), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Openet, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences [UK], University of Glasgow, Departement de Biologie & Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Université Laval, Institute for Digital Communications (IDCOM), University of Edinburgh, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lund University [Lund], Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu (IMJ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d'Oiseaux (CRBPO ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Bearded Vulture Study and Protection Group, Department of Biosciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Parasitologie évolutive (PE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Animal Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Institut Mediterrani d'estudis Avançats, Mallorca, Spain, Departemento de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC), Estacion de Donana, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Sciences Biologiques [Montréal], Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Biodémographie évolutive, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (CRBPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ta1172, Information Dissemination, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Open access publishing, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Data and Information, Longitudinal Studies, Biological sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Ecology, Apprehension, Food availability, business.industry, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Principal (computer security), Biological evolution, Public relations, Biological Evolution, Term (time), Open Access Publishing, international, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ta1181, Periodicals as Topic, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

James A. Mills et al., The recent trend for journals to require open access to primary data included in publications has been embraced by many biologists, but has caused apprehension amongst researchers engaged in long-term ecological and evolutionary studies. A worldwide survey of 73 principal investigators (Pls) with long-term studies revealed positive attitudes towards sharing data with the agreement or involvement of the PI, and 93% of PIs have historically shared data. Only 8% were in favor of uncontrolled, open access to primary data while 63% expressed serious concern. We present here their viewpoint on an issue that can have non-trivial scientific consequences. We discuss potential costs of public data archiving and provide possible solutions to meet the needs of journals and researchers., C.T. was funded by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant ANR-12-ADAP-0006).

Published
2015

41. Capillaria plectropomi n. sp. (Nematoda: Capillariidae), a new intestinal parasite of the leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae) off New Caledonia

Author

Moravec, František, Justine, Jean-Lou, Biodiversité, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy
Abstract

International audience; A new nematode species, Capillaria plectropomi n. sp. (Capillariidae), is described from the intestine of the leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède) from coral reefs off New Caledonia. The new species, belonging to the subgenus Neocapillaria Moravec, 1987, differs from other congeneric species of this subgenus from marine fishes mainly in the length (168–186 lm), shape and structure of the spicule. It is characterized, in the male, by the presence of two well-developed dorsolateral caudal lobes, a pair of lateral papillae, a heavily sclerotized spicule with many rough transverse grooves in the middle part, a spinose spicular sheath, and in the female, by eggs measuring 60–66 · 27 lm without protruding polar plugs. The buccal cavity contains a small finger-shaped stylet. Capillaria plectropomi n. sp. is the first known species of this genus parasitizing fishes of the perciform family Serranidae.; Capillaria plectropomi n. sp. (Nematoda : Capillariidae), un nouveau parasite intestinal de la saumonée Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae) en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Une nouvelle espèce de nématode, Capillaria plectropomi n. sp. (Capillariidae), est décrite de l'intestin de la saumonée Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède) des récifs coralliens au large de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. La nouvelle espèce, appartenant au sous-genre Neocapillaria Moravec, 1987, diffère principalement des autres espèces de ce sous-genre qui sont parasites de poissons marins, dans la longueur (168–186 lm), la forme et la structure du spicule. Elle est caractérisée, chez le mâle, par la présence de deux lobes caudaux dorsolatéraux bien développés, une paire de papilles latérales, un spicule fortement sclérifié avec de nombreuses rainures transversales rugueuses dans la partie médiane, une gaine spiculaire épineuse, et chez la femelle par des oeufs mesurant 60–66 · 27 lm, sans bouchons polaires saillants. La cavité buccale contient un petit stylet en forme de doigt. Capillaria plectropomi n. sp. est la première espèce connue de ce genre qui est parasite de poissons perciformes de la famille Serranidae.

Published
2014

42. Capillaria plectropomi n. sp. (Nematoda: Capillariidae), a new intestinal parasite of the leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae) off New Caledonia

Author

František Moravec, Jean-Lou Justine, Biodiversité, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Serranidae, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Coral, Capillaria, Enoplida Infections, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Fish Diseases, New Caledonia, Genus, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, Grouper, 14. Life underwater, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, Leopardus, Pacific Ocean, biology, Ecology, Plectropomus, Coral Reefs, biology.organism_classification, Perciformes, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Infectious Diseases, Insect Science, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Female, Subgenus, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; A new nematode species, Capillaria plectropomi n. sp. (Capillariidae), is described from the intestine of the leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède) from coral reefs off New Caledonia. The new species, belonging to the subgenus Neocapillaria Moravec, 1987, differs from other congeneric species of this subgenus from marine fishes mainly in the length (168–186 lm), shape and structure of the spicule. It is characterized, in the male, by the presence of two well-developed dorsolateral caudal lobes, a pair of lateral papillae, a heavily sclerotized spicule with many rough transverse grooves in the middle part, a spinose spicular sheath, and in the female, by eggs measuring 60–66 · 27 lm without protruding polar plugs. The buccal cavity contains a small finger-shaped stylet. Capillaria plectropomi n. sp. is the first known species of this genus parasitizing fishes of the perciform family Serranidae.; Capillaria plectropomi n. sp. (Nematoda : Capillariidae), un nouveau parasite intestinal de la saumonée Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae) en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Une nouvelle espèce de nématode, Capillaria plectropomi n. sp. (Capillariidae), est décrite de l'intestin de la saumonée Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède) des récifs coralliens au large de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. La nouvelle espèce, appartenant au sous-genre Neocapillaria Moravec, 1987, diffère principalement des autres espèces de ce sous-genre qui sont parasites de poissons marins, dans la longueur (168–186 lm), la forme et la structure du spicule. Elle est caractérisée, chez le mâle, par la présence de deux lobes caudaux dorsolatéraux bien développés, une paire de papilles latérales, un spicule fortement sclérifié avec de nombreuses rainures transversales rugueuses dans la partie médiane, une gaine spiculaire épineuse, et chez la femelle par des oeufs mesurant 60–66 · 27 lm, sans bouchons polaires saillants. La cavité buccale contient un petit stylet en forme de doigt. Capillaria plectropomi n. sp. est la première espèce connue de ce genre qui est parasite de poissons perciformes de la famille Serranidae.

Published
2014

43. Phylogenetic Signal in Bone Microstructure of Sauropsids

Author

Jorge Cubo, Jacques Castanet, Fleur Ponton, E. de Margerie, Michel Laurin, Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Systematics, Biology, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bone and Bones, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Genetics, Animals, Clade, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Analysis of Variance, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, Reptiles, Phylogenetic comparative methods, Anatomy, Classification, Taxon, Regression Analysis, Mantel test, Distance matrices in phylogeny
Abstract

In spite of the fact that the potential usefulness of bone histology in systematics has been discussed for over one and a half centuries, the presence of a phylogenetic signal in the variation of histological characters has rarely been assessed. A quantitative assessment of phylogenetic signal in bone histological characters could provide a justification for performing optimizations of these traits onto independently generated phylogenetic trees (as has been done in recent years). Here we present an investigation on the quantification of the phylogenetic signal in the following bone histological, microanatomical, and morphological traits in a sample of femora of 35 species of sauropsids: vascular density, vascular orientation, index of Haversian remodeling, cortical thickness, and cross-sectional area (bone size). For this purpose, we use two methods, regressions on distance matrices tested for significance using permutations (a Mantel test) and random tree length distribution. Within sauropsids, these bone microstructural traits have an optimal systematic value in archosaurs. In this taxon, a Mantel test shows that the phylogeny explains 81.8% of the variation of bone size and 86.2% of the variation of cortical thickness. In contrast, a Mantel test suggests that the phylogenetic signal in histological traits is weak: although the phylogeny explains 18.7% of the variation of vascular density in archosaurs, the phylogenetic signal is not significant either for vascular orientation or for the index of Haversian remodeling. However, Mantel tests seem to underestimate the proportion of variance of the dependent character explained by the phylogeny, as suggested by a PVR (phylogenetic eigenvector) analysis. We also deal with some complementary questions. First, we evaluate the functional dependence of bone vascular density on bone size by using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Second, we perform a variation partitioning analysis and show that the phylogenetic signal in bone vascular density is not a by-product of phylogentic signal in bone size. Finally, we analyze the evolution of cortical thickness in diapsids by using an optimization by squared change parsimony and discuss the functional significance of this character in terms of decreased buoyancy in crocodiles and mass saving in birds. These results are placed in the framework of the constructional morphology model, according to which the variation of a character in a clade has a historical (phylogenetic) component, a functional (adaptive) component, and a structural (architectural) component.

Published
2005

44. Resource defence on exploded leks: do male little bustards, T. tetrax, control resources for females?

Author

Beatriz Arroyo, Frédéric Jiguet, Stéphane Jaulin, Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (CRBPO), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Attractiveness, geography, Biomass (ecology), Resource (biology), geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, food and beverages, Zoology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, 010605 ornithology, Lek mating, Mate choice, Animal Science and Zoology, Mating, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Invertebrate
Abstract

International audience; In lekking species, female choice of particular males for mating is based on male characters that are not related to immediate gains such as access to resources. This is, however, unclear in exploded-lekking species, as male territories may contain resources for females; it is thus the degree to which males regulate female access to these resources to obtain matings that should distinguish lekking from nonlekking species. We investigated the relationship between resources for females, male distribution and male attractiveness in little bustards. One parameter determining resource quality for females was invertebrate availability: females laid eggs in grassland fields (grass, alfalfa and ryegrass) with significantly higher invertebrate biomass than others of similar cover but nests were in areas that did not have higher invertebrate biomass, at a scale of 1 km2. Males set up territories and females laid eggs in areas that had a high proportion of alfalfa, but not high mean invertebrate biomass. Thus males set up territories at resources potentially used by females, but that appeared not to be critical for breeding. In addition, females did not use the amount of resources defended as a criterion for mate choice, as male attractiveness was not related to various territorial resources. Locating the lek in areas attractive to females might be a way of increasing the probability of encounter between the sexes.

Published
2002

45. A review of the Zoogonidae (Digenea: Microphalloidea) from fishes of the waters around New Caledonia, with the description of Overstreetia cribbi n. sp

Author

Rodney A. Bray, Jean-Lou Justine, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Biodiversité, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Fish parasite, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Lagocephalus sceleratus, Zoology, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Atherinomorus, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Digenea, New Caledonia, 14. Life underwater, Taxonomy, Zoogonidae, ved/biology, General Neuroscience, lcsh:R, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Diagramma, Parupeneus pleurostigma, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Acanthurus dussumieri, Microphalloidea, Overstreetia cribbi n. sp, Parasitology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

International audience; New and published reports of zoogonid digeneans from New Caledonian waters are recorded, including a description of Overstreetia cribbi n. sp. from Atherinomorus lacunosus. This species differs from its congeners in the detail of its circum-oral spination and some metrical features. Other new records are of: Diphterostomum plectorhynchi Machida, Kamegai & Kuramochi, 2006 in Diagramma pictum; Parvipyrum acanthuri (Pritchard, 1963) in Acanthurus dussumieri; Zoogonoides viviparus (Olsson, 1868) in Lagocephalus sceleratus; Deretrema ? combesorum (Bray & Justine, 2008a; Bray & Justine, 2008b) early ovigerous forms in Parupeneus pleurostigma; D? acutum (Pritchard, 1963) in P. barberinus; and an unidentified immature zoogonid in P. multifasciatus. The newly reported specimens are illustrated and measurements given. The distribution of New Caledonian zoogonids is listed.

Published
2014

46. The invasive New Guinea flatworm Platydemus manokwari in France, the first record for Europe: time for action is now

Author

Pierre Gros, Leigh Winsor, Jessica Thévenot, Delphine Gey, Jean-Lou Justine, Biodiversité, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), James Cook University (JCU), Outils et Méthodes de la Systématique Intégrative (OMSI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service du Patrimoine Naturel (SPN), Ministère de l'Environnement et du Cadre de vie-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Service de Systématique Moléculaire (SSM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amateur naturalist, Coordination technique et scientifique de la stratégie nationale relative aux espèces exotiques envahissantes, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de l'Environnement et du Cadre de vie

Subjects
Caenoplana coerulea, lcsh:Medicine, Zoology, Alien species, Introduced species, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Invasive species, Bipalium kewense, media_common.cataloged_instance, Platydemus manokwari, European union, Agricultural Science, media_common, Taxonomy, Invader, biology, Ecology, General Neuroscience, Land planarian, lcsh:R, General Medicine, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Europe, Threat to biodiversity, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Biological dispersal, Geoplanidae, Platyhelminthes, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Non-indigenous terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes) have been recorded in thirteen European countries. They include Bipalium kewense and Dolichoplana striata that are largely restricted to hothouses and may be regarded as non-invasive species. In addition there are species from the southern hemisphere such as the invasive New Zealand flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus in the United Kingdom, Eire and the Faroe Islands, the Australian flatworm Australoplana sanguinea alba in Eire and the United Kingdom, and the Australian Blue Garden flatworm Caenoplana coerulea in France, Menorca and the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom has some twelve or more non-indigenous species most of which are Australian and New Zealand species. These species may move to an invasive stage when optimum environmental and other conditions occur, and the flatworms then have the potential to cause economic or environmental harm. In this paper, we report the identification (from morphology and molecular analysis of COI sequences) of non-indigenous terrestrial flatworms found in a hothouse in Caen (France) as the New Guinea flatworm Platydemus manokwari de Beauchamp, 1963 (Platyhelminthes, Continenticola, Geoplanidae, Rhynchodeminae). Platydemus manokwari is among the “100 World’s Worst Invader Alien Species”. Lists of World geographic records, prey in the field and prey in laboratories of P. manokwari are provided. This species is considered a threat to native snails wherever it is introduced. The recent discovery of P. manokwari in France represents a significant extension of distribution of this Invasive Alien Species from the Indo-Pacific region to Europe. If it escaped the hothouse, the flatworm might survive winters and become established in temperate countries. The existence of this species in France requires an early warning of this incursion to State and European Union authorities, followed by the eradication of the flatworm in its locality, tightening of internal quarantine measures to prevent further spread of the flatworm to and from this site, identifying if possible the likely primary source of the flatworm, and tracing other possible incursions that may have resulted from accidental dispersal of plants and soil from the site.

Published
2014

47. Sexy males and choosy females on exploded leks: Correlates of male attractiveness in the Little Bustard

Author

Vincent Bretagnolle, Frédéric Jiguet, Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d'Oiseaux, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (CRBPO), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Attractiveness, Male, Population, Environment, Choice Behavior, Birds, Behavioral Neuroscience, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Lek mating, Animals, Bustard, 10. No inequality, education, Social Behavior, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Body Weight, General Medicine, Feathers, Mating Preference, Animal, biology.organism_classification, Attraction, Phenotype, Mate choice, Plumage, Sexual selection, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Vocalization, Animal, Territoriality, Demography
Abstract

International audience; : In their choice of mates, females may use alternative tactics, including a comparative assessment of males in a population, using one or several relative preference criteria. Traits involved in female choice should presumably be variable between, but not within males, thus potentially providing reliable cues of male identity and quality for prospecting females. In lekking species, sexual selection is usually intense, and females can freely choose mates. Studying the Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax, a bird with an exploded lek mating system, we first identified male phenotypic traits that showed higher among, than within variation (plumage pattern, display rates and call structure). Among those and other traits (ornaments and their symmetry, body condition, lek spatial organization and territory quality), we identified phenotypic traits that correlated with male attractiveness toward females. At least four phenotypic male traits were correlated with female attraction, i.e. body condition, lek attendance, ornamental symmetry and display rates. Traits related to the initial female attraction on male territory seem to differ from traits related to the decision of females to stay in the territory of attractive males.

Published
2014

48. Level-dependence of the relationships between amphibian biodiversity and environment in pond systems within an intensive agricultural landscape

Author

Aurélien Besnard, Marie Silvestre, Alienor Jeliazkov, François Chiron, Josette Garnier, Frédéric Jiguet, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d'Oiseaux, Federation d'Ile-de-France pour la Recherche en Environnement [FIRE FR-3020], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (CRBPO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Spatial scales, Biodiversity, Wetland, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Amphibians, parasitic diseases, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Ponds, 2. Zero hunger, geography.geographical_feature_category, Agricultural landscape, business.industry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Habitats, Geography, Habitat, Agriculture, Threatened species, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, Species richness, business
Abstract

International audience; Wetlands, especially ponds, and their associated amphibian biodiversity are threatened by agricultural intensification. To improve conservation planning of these ecosystems, we need to understand at which scales biodiversity responds to human-induced disturbances. This study aims to assess the level-dependence of environment-amphibian biodiversity relationships in 150 ponds in an intensive agricultural landscape in Seine-et-Marne (France). Amphibian diversity surveys, site characteristic measurements and landscape descriptions are analysed. The hierarchy of the effects of local and regional variables on species richness, regional heterogeneity of species composition and species occurrences is investigated at three spatial levels: pond level, 1-, and 4-km(2) level. Species richness is negatively influenced at all levels by the fish presence. Water quality and pond density, which emphasize level-dependent effects, significantly increase species richness at the local and regional levels, respectively. With few exceptions, species occurrence analysis shows similar patterns, confirming, locally, the importance of fish avoidance, and, regionally, the need for increasing pond density. Environmental variables have no effect on the regional heterogeneity of species composition, questioning the potential existence of dispersal processes at scales above 1 km(2). This study highlights the relevance of a pond-group-centred approach compared to a pond-centred approach with regard to pond conservation in agricultural landscapes.

Published
2014

49. Variations in age, size at maturity and gestation duration among two neighbouring populations of the alpine salamander ( Salamandra lanzai )

Author

Sara De Michelis, R. Guyetant, Jacques Castanet, Franco Andreone, Valentina Clima, Hélène Francillon-Vieillot, Claude Miaud, Alexandre Riberon, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Sezione di Zoologia, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, Adaptation et evolution des sytemes osteo-musculaires, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, body-size, growth, Foraging, Population, Zoology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, desmognathine, phenotypic plasticity, size, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, salamanders, gestation, Life-history traits, triturus-cristatus, biology.animal, Salamandra lanzai, Skeletochronology, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, proximate cause, urodela, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Hatching, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, food availability, biology.organism_classification, adult size, age, skeletochronology, Ectotherm, Salamander, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, lizard
Abstract

International audience; We describe the age structures of two neighbouring terrestrial salamander populations. The skeletochronological method was also used on larvae in utero and on new-born individuals. The age of adults was 8-24 years in population A, while males reached maturity at 3-5 years old and the youngest females were 6 years old in population B. Males and females from population B were also larger than those in population A. For the first time, lines of arrested growth (LAGs) were also found in the humerus of intra-uterine larvae and new-born individuals, indicating that young can spend up to 3 years in utero (population B) and up to 4 years (population A) before hatching. Growth of adults (fitted by the Bertalanffy model) also exhibited differences in growth coefficient (k) and mean asymptotic length (SVLmax) between sexes and populations. Local climatic conditions differed between the two areas of these populations and we hypothesize that the number of rainy days directly influences foraging during the short period of activity (< 3 months), leading to a delay in age at maturity, smaller length and growth rate, and increased gestation duration in the drier environment. The discussion is focused on proximate environmental influences on the variation of length and associated life-history traits in ectotherms, especially in terrestrial salamanders.

Published
2001

50. Choose Your Weapon: Defensive Behavior Is Associated with Morphology and Performance in Scorpions

Author

Sustaita, Diego, Manzano, Adriana, Abdala, Virginia, Hertel, Fritz, Toussaint, S., Reghem, E., Chotard, H., Ross, C., Pouydebat, Emmanuelle, van der Meijden, Arie, Lobo Coelho, Pedro, Sousa, Pedro, Herrel, Anthony, Laboratoire de Biomodélisation et Ingénierie des Handicaps - EA 4322 (HANDIBIO), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Universidade do Porto, Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Department of Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade do Porto = University of Porto

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010607 zoology, Scorpion, lcsh:Medicine, Zoology, Scorpion Venoms, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Lethal Dose 50, Scorpions, biology.animal, Functional morphology, Animals, Animal behavior, Chela, Muscle Strength, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, biology, Behavior, Animal, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, lcsh:R, Extremities, Biological evolution, Biological Evolution, Metasoma, Muscle strength, lcsh:Q, Finger length, Research Article
Abstract

Morphology can be adaptive through its effect on performance of an organism. The effect of performance may, however, be modulated by behavior; an organism may choose a behavioral option that does not fully utilize its maximum performance. Behavior may therefore be decoupled from morphology and performance. To gain insight into the relationships between these levels of organization, we combined morphological data on defensive structures with measures of defensive performance, and their utilization in defensive behavior. Scorpion species show significant variation in the morphology and performance of their main defensive structures; their chelae (pincers) and the metasoma ("tail") carrying the stinger. Our data show that size-corrected pinch force varies to almost two orders of magnitude among species, and is correlated with chela morphology. Chela and metasoma morphology are also correlated to the LD50 of the venom, corroborating the anecdotal rule that dangerously venomous scorpions can be recognized by their chelae and metasoma. Analyses of phylogenetic independent contrasts show that correlations between several aspects of chela and metasoma morphology, performance and behavior are present. These correlations suggest co-evolution of behavior with morphology and performance. Path analysis found a performance variable (pinch force) to partially mediate the relationship between morphology (chela aspect ratio) and behavior (defensive stinger usage). We also found a correlation between two aspects of morphology: pincer finger length correlates with the relative "thickness" (aspect ratio) of the metasoma. This suggests scorpions show a trade-off between their two main weapon complexes: the metasoma carrying the stinger, and the pedipalps carrying the chelae.

Published
2013

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