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1. A single Proteus mirabilis lineage from human and animal sources: a hidden reservoir of OXA-23 or OXA-58 carbapenemases in Enterobacterales

Author: Pierre Bogaerts, Marisa Haenni, Elodie Couvé-Deacon, Rémy A. Bonnin, Jean-Yves Madec, Olivier Barraud, Lauraine Gauthier, Nicolas Fortineau, Philippe Glaser, Gaelle Cuzon, Laurent Dortet, Agnès B Jousset, Delphine Girlich, Thierry Naas, Youri Glupczynski, Team Resist [Le Kremlin-Bicêtre], Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae [Le Kremlin-Bicêtre], Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bacteriology-Hygiene unit [Le Kremlin-Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), CHU UCL Namur, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Anti-infectieux : supports moléculaires des résistances et innovations thérapeutiques (RESINFIT), CHU Limoges-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), This work was partially funded by the University Paris-Sud, France. LD, TN and RAB are members of the Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT) supported by a grant from the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-LABX-33) and by the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR) DesInMBL [ANR-14-JAMR-002]., We want to thanks Pasteur International Bioressources Networking (PibNet, Paris, France) for providing whole genome sequencing facilities. We would like to thank the Transposon Registry for transposon nomenclature (https://transposon.lstmed.ac.uk/tn-registry). We thank INTEGRALL database for integron and gene cassette nomenclatures., ANR-10-LABX-0033,LERMIT,Research Laboratory on Drugs and Therapeutic Innovation(2010), ANR-14-JAMR-0002,DesInMBL,Structure-guided design of pan inhibitors of metallo-ß-lactamases(2014), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes (AVB), Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), UCL - (MGD) Laboratoire de biologie clinique, UCL - SSS/IREC/MONT - Pôle Mont Godinne, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bodescot, Myriam, Research Laboratory on Drugs and Therapeutic Innovation - - LERMIT2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0033 - LABX - VALID, and programmation conjointe européenne sur la résistance antimicrobienne - Structure-guided design of pan inhibitors of metallo-ß-lactamases - - DesInMBL2014 - ANR-14-JAMR-0002 - JPI AMR - VALID
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, 0301 basic medicine, clone (Java method), Lineage (genetic), Science, 030106 microbiology, Antimicrobial resistance, beta-Lactamases, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Plasmid, Bacterial Proteins, Belgium, Recombinase, polycyclic compounds, Animals, Humans, Clinical microbiology, Proteus mirabilis, Gene, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, biology, Phylogenetic tree, integumentary system, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Chromosomes, Bacterial, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, 030104 developmental biology, Composite transposon, Genes, Bacterial, DNA Transposable Elements, bacteria, Medicine, France, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Plasmids
Abstract: In Enterobacterales, the most common carbapenemases are Ambler’s class A (KPC-like), class B (NDM-, VIM- or IMP-like) or class D (OXA-48-like) enzymes. This study describes the characterization of twenty-four OXA-23 or OXA-58 producing-Proteus mirabilis isolates recovered from human and veterinary samples from France and Belgium. Twenty-two P. mirabilis isolates producing either OXA-23 (n = 21) or OXA-58 (n = 1), collected between 2013 and 2018, as well as 2 reference strains isolated in 1996 and 2015 were fully sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 22 of the 24 isolates, including the isolate from 1996, belonged to a single lineage that has disseminated in humans and animals over a long period of time. The blaOXA-23 gene was located on the chromosome and was part of a composite transposon, Tn6703, bracketed by two copies of IS15∆II. Sequencing using Pacbio long read technology of OXA-23-producing P. mirabilis VAC allowed the assembly of a 55.5-kb structure encompassing the blaOXA-23 gene in that isolate. By contrast to the blaOXA-23 genes, the blaOXA-58 gene of P. mirabilis CNR20130297 was identified on a 6-kb plasmid. The acquisition of the blaOXA-58 gene on this plasmid involved XerC-XerD recombinases. Our results suggest that a major clone of OXA-23-producing P. mirabilis is circulating in France and Belgium since 1996.
Published: 2020

2. Dynamics of livestock-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig movement networks: Insight from mathematical modeling and French data

Author: Bastard, Jonathan, Andraud, Mathieu, Chauvin, Claire, Glaser, Philippe, Opatowski, Lulla, Temime, Laura, HAL UVSQ, Équipe, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie et modélisation de la résistance aux antimicrobiens - Epidemiology and modelling of bacterial escape to antimicrobials (EMAE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016)
Subjects: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Farms, Livestock, Swine, animal diseases, Movements, Network, MRSA, Antimicrobial resistance, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Prevalence, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Swine Diseases, Pig, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Models, Theoretical, Staphylococcal Infections, Farm, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Cattle, Mathematical modeling, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France
Abstract: International audience; Livestock-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) colonizes livestock animals worldwide, especially pigs and calves. Although frequently carried asymptomatically, LA-MRSA can cause severe infections in humans. It is therefore important to better understand LA-MRSA spreading dynamics within pig farms and over pig movement networks, and to compare different strategies of control and surveillance. For this purpose, we propose a stochastic meta-population model of LA-MRSA spread along the French pig movement network (n = 10,542 farms), combining within- and between-farm dynamics, based on detailed data on breeding practices and pig movements between holdings. We calibrate the model using French epidemiological data. We then identify farm-level factors associated with the spreading potential of LA-MRSA in the network. We also show that, assuming control measures applied in a limited (n = 100) number of farms, targeting farms depending on their centrality in the network is the only way to significantly reduce LA-MRSA global prevalence. Finally, we investigate the scenario of emergence of a new LA-MRSA strain, and find that the farms with the highest indegree would be the best sentinels for a targeted surveillance of such a strain’s introduction.
Published: 2020

3. A clone of the emergent Streptococcus pyogenes emm89 clade responsible for a large outbreak in a post-surgery oncology unit in France

Author: Christian Manuel, Eric Hernandez, Gislène Collobert, Elise Seringe, Nicolas Dmytruk, Céline Plainvert, Agnès Fouet, Claire Poyart, Benjamin Saintpierre, Johann Beghain, Elisabeth Sauvage, Laurence Ma, Frédéric Ariey, Philippe Glaser, Magalie Longo, Pascal Astagneau, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Biomics (C2RT), Centre de Ressources et de Recherche Technologique - Center for Technological Resources and Research (C2RT), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Génétique et Génomique des Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Médical de Forcilles [Lesigny, France], Sorbonne Université - Faculté de médecine [CHU Pitié Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), This work was supported by Santé Publique France, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes and by the High Council for Scientific and Technological Cooperation between France-Israel 'Complexity in Biology' program., Bos, Mireille, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de médecine Pitié Salpétrière, and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: Male, Emerging clade, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Genotyping Techniques, Clone (cell biology), medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, Neoplasms, Genotype, Immunology and Allergy, Clade, Phylogeny, Aged, 80 and over, Molecular Epidemiology, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Streptococcus, Biofilm, Group A Streptococcus, Structural gene, General Medicine, Middle Aged, emm89, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, 3. Good health, Female, France, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacterial Toxins, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Biology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Streptococcal Infections, Internal medicine, medicine, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, Aged, Macrophages, Outbreak, Epithelial Cells, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 030104 developmental biology, Biofilms, Bacterium–cell interaction, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; An outbreak of nosocomial infections due to Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus; GAS) occurred in a post-surgery oncology unit and concerned more than 60 patients and lasted 20 months despite enhanced infection control and prophylaxis measures. All GAS strains were characterized (emm genotype, toxin gene profile and pulse-field gel electrophoresis subtype). Selected strains were sequenced and phylogenetic relationship established. Capacity to form biofilm and interaction with human pulmonary epithelial cells and macrophages were determined. Twenty-six GAS strains responsible for invasive infections (II) and 57 for non-II or colonization were isolated from patients (n = 66) or healthcare workers (n = 13). Seventy strains shared the same molecular markers and 69 the same PFGE pattern; 56 were sequenced. They all belonged to the emerging emm89 clade 3; all but 1 were clonal. Whole genome sequencing identified 43 genetic profiles with sporadic mutations in regulatory genes and acquired mutations in 2 structural genes. Except for two regulatory gene mutants, all strains tested had the same biofilm formation capacity and displayed similar adherence and invasion of pulmonary epithelial cells and phagocytosis and survival in human macrophages. This large outbreak of GAS infection in a post-surgery oncology unit, a setting that contains highly susceptible patients, arose from a strain of the emergent emm89 clade. No relationship between punctual or acquired mutations, invasive status, and strain phenotypic characteristics was found. Noteworthy, the phenotypic characteristics of this clone account for its emergence and its remarkable capacity to elicit outbreaks.
Published: 2018

4. Demographic fluctuation of community-acquired antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineages: potential role of flimsy antibiotic exposure

Author: Binh An Diep, Typhanie Le Hir, Paal Skytt Andersen, Claude-Alexandre Gustave, Marc Stegger, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Thierry Wirth, Yvonne Benito, Philippe Glaser, Patricia Martins-Simões, Michèle Bes, François Vandenesch, Anne Tristan, Frédéric Laurent, Pathogénie des Staphylocoques – Staphylococcal Pathogenesis (StaPath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Reference des Staphylocoques, Université de Lyon, Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], Department of Medicine [San Francisco], University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), This work was performed within the framework of the LABEX ECOFECT (ANR-11-LABX-0048) of Université de Lyon, within the program 'Investissements d’Avenir' (ANR-11-IDEX-0007) operated by the French National Research Agency (ANR)., ANR-11-LABX-0048,ECOFECT,Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses(2011), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Davoine, Laure-Hélène, Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses - - ECOFECT2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0048 - LABX - VALID, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Virulence Factors, medicine.drug_class, Fusidic acid, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Biology, Staphylococcal infections, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Article, Middle East, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Africa, Northern, Effective population size, Drug Resistance, Fungal, medicine, Animals, Humans, Pathogen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Staphylococcal Infections, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 3. Good health, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, Staphylococcus aureus, Biofilms, North America, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Community-acquired (CA)-~as opposed to hospital acquired- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineages arose worldwide during the 1990s. To determine which factors, including selective antibiotic pressure, govern the expansion of two major lineages of CA-MRSA, namely "USA300" in Northern America and "European ST80" in North Africa, Europe and Middle-East, we explored virulence factor expression, and fitness levels with or without antibiotics. The sampled strains were collected in a temporal window representing various steps of the epidemics, reflecting predicted changes in effective population size as inferred from whole-genome analysis. In addition to slight variations in virulence factor expression and biofilm production that might influence the ecological niches of theses lineages, competitive fitness experiments revealed that the biological cost of resistance to methicillin, fusidic acid and fluoroquinolones is totally reversed in the presence of trace amount of antibiotics. Our results suggest that low-level antibiotics exposure in human and animal environments contributed to the expansion of both European ST80 and USA300 lineages in community settings. This surge was likely driven by antibiotic (ab)use promoting the accumulation of antibiotics as environmental pollutants. The current results provide a novel link between effective population size increase of a pathogen and a selective advantage conferred by antibiotic resistance.
Published: 2018

5. Conserved and specific features of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae transcriptional landscapes

Author: Elisabeth Sauvage, Isabelle Rosinski-Chupin, Philippe Glaser, Agnès Fouet, Claire Poyart, Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), This work was supported by grants from the French National Research Agency LabEx IBEID and by the High Council for Scientific and Technological Cooperation between France-Israel 'Complexity in Biology' program., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bodescot, Myriam, and Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Untranslated region, Transcription, Genetic, lcsh:QH426-470, Operon, Streptococcus pyogenes, lcsh:Biotechnology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Regulatory network evolution, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Streptococcus agalactiae, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, Antisense transcription, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, medicine, Operons, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030304 developmental biology, Comparative genomics, 0303 health sciences, Base Sequence, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Gene Expression Profiling, Promoter, Genomics, 3. Good health, lcsh:Genetics, Regulatory RNAs, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Regulatory sequence, 5′ UTRs, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Promoters, Transcription Initiation Site, 5' Untranslated Regions, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology, Research Article
Abstract: Background The human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, or group A Streptococcus, is responsible for mild infections to life-threatening diseases. To facilitate the characterization of regulatory networks involved in the adaptation of this pathogen to its different environments and their evolution, we have determined the primary transcriptome of a serotype M1 S. pyogenes strain at single-nucleotide resolution and compared it with that of Streptococcus agalactiae, also from the pyogenic group of streptococci. Results By using a combination of differential RNA-sequencing and oriented RNA-sequencing we have identified 892 transcription start sites (TSS) and 885 promoters in the S. pyogenes M1 strain S119. 8.6% of S. pyogenes mRNAs were leaderless, among which 81% were also classified as leaderless in S. agalactiae. 26% of S. pyogenes transcript 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) were longer than 60 nt. Conservation of long 5′ UTRs with S. agalactiae allowed us to predict new potential regulatory sequences. In addition, based on the mapping of 643 transcript ends in the S. pyogenes strain S119, we constructed an operon map of 401 monocistrons and 349 operons covering 81.5% of the genome. One hundred fifty-six operons and 254 monocistrons retained the same organization, despite multiple genomic reorganizations between S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae. Genomic reorganization was found to more often go along with variable promoter sequences and 5′ UTR lengths. Finally, we identified 117 putative regulatory RNAs, among which nine were regulated in response to magnesium concentration. Conclusions Our data provide insights into transcriptome evolution in pyogenic streptococci and will facilitate the analysis of genetic polymorphisms identified by comparative genomics in S. pyogenes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5613-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2019

6. Inference of Significant Microbial Interactions From Longitudinal Metagenomics Data

Author: Xuefeng Gao, Bich-Tram Huynh, Didier Guillemot, Philippe Glaser, Lulla Opatowski, Biostatistique, Biomathématique, Pharmacoépidémiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (B2PHI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy [China], Shenzhen University General Hospital [China], Institut Pasteur [Paris], Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the program Projets Transversaux de Recherche PTR 2015 (grant no PTR558). This work was also supported directly by internal resources of the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (Inserm), the Institut Pasteur, the University of Versailles–Saint-Quentin-en- Yvelines (UVSQ) and the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (grant no ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaser, Philippe, and Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Bacteroidia, lcsh:QR1-502, Gut flora, forward stepwise regression, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, microbial interactions, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, Clostridia, 03 medical and health sciences, Gammaproteobacteria, Microbiome, longitudinal taxonomic data, Original Research, Genetics, biology, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, biology.organism_classification, Commensalism, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Microbial population biology, Metagenomics, bootstrap aggregation, Lotka-Volterra equations
Abstract: International audience; Data of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and their analysis have been facilitating advances in our understanding of microbial ecosystems such as human gut microbiota. However, inference of microbial interactions occurring within an ecosystem is still a challenge mainly due to sequencing data (e.g., 16S rDNA sequences) providing relative abundance of microbes instead of absolute cell count. In order to describe growtth dynamics of microbial communities and estimate the involved microbial interactions, we introduce a procedure by integrating generalized Lotka-Volterra equations, forward stepwise regression and bootstrap aggregation. First, we successfully identify experimentally confirmed microbial interactions based on relative abundance data of a cheese microbial community. Then, we apply the procedure to time-series of 16S rDNA sequences of gut microbiomes of children who were progressing to Type 1 diabetes (T1D progressors), and compare their gut microbial interactions to a healthy control group. Our results suggest that the number of inferred microbial interactions increased over time during the first 3 years of life. More microbial interactions are found in the gut flora of healthy children than that of T1D progressors. The inhibitory effects from Actinobacteria and Bacilli to Bacteroidia, from Bacteroidia to Clostridia, and the beneficial effect from Clostridia to Bacteroidia are shared between healthy children and T1D progressors. An inhibition of Clostridia by Gammaproteobacteria is found in healthy children that maintains through their first 3 years of life. This suppression appears in T1D progressors during the first year of life, which transforms to a commensalism relationship at the age of 3 years old. Gammaproteobacteria is found exerting an inhibition on Bacteroidia in the T1D progressors, which is not identified in the healthy controls.
Published: 2018

7. Regulation of PI-2b Pilus Expression in Hypervirulent Streptococcus agalactiae ST-17 BM110

Author: Périchon, Bruno, Szili, Noémi, du Merle, Laurence, Rosinski-Chupin, Isabelle, Gominet, Myriam, Bellais, Samuel, Poyart, Claire, Trieu-Cuot, Patrick, Dramsi, Shaynoor, Bidault, Floran, Biologie des Bactéries pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the DIM Malinf from the Conseil Régional d'Ile-de-France (Grant DIM130065) to CP and SD. NS was recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the DIM Malinf. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11) - Institut Pasteur [Paris] - Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Cochin (UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Transcription, Genetic, MESH: Codon, Initiator, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Codon, Initiator, lcsh:Medicine, MESH: Virulence, Biochemistry, Nucleic Acids, Lactococcus, lcsh:Science, Pathology and laboratory medicine, Virulence, Genomics, Medical microbiology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Group B streptococci, Fimbriae Proteins, Pathogens, Cellular Structures and Organelles, MESH: Genes, Bacterial, Lactococcus Lactis, Research Article, Pathogen Motility, MESH: Operon, Virulence Factors, DNA transcription, Microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae, MESH: Fimbriae, Bacterial, Operon, Genetics, Operons, Gene Prediction, Medicine and health sciences, Bacteria, MESH: Transcription, Genetic, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Streptococcus, Computational Biology, Cell Biology, DNA, Genome Analysis, MESH: Fimbriae Proteins, MESH: Streptococcus agalactiae, Microbial pathogens, Pili and Fimbriae, Genetic Loci, Genes, Bacterial, MESH: Gene Deletion, Fimbriae, Bacterial, Bacterial pathogens, lcsh:Q, Gene expression, Gene Deletion
Abstract: International audience; The widely spread Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as Group B Streptococcus, GBS) "hypervirulent" ST17 clone is strongly associated with neonatal meningitis. The PI-2b locus is mainly found in ST17 strains but is also present in a few non ST17 human isolates such as the ST-7 prototype strain A909. Here, we analysed the expression of the PI-2b pilus in the ST17 strain BM110 as compared to the non ST17 A909. Comparative genome analyses revealed the presence of a 43-base pair (bp) hairpin-like structure in the upstream region of PI-2b operon in all 26 ST17 genomes, which was absent in the 8 non-ST17 strains carrying the PI-2b locus. Deletion of this 43-bp sequence in strain BM110 resulted in a 3-to 5-fold increased transcription of PI-2b. Characterization of PI-2b promoter region in A909 and BM110 strains was carried out by RNAseq, primer extension, qRT-PCR and transcriptional fusions with gfpas reporter gene. Our results indicate the presence of a single promoter (Ppi2b) with a transcriptional start site (TSS) mapped 37 bases upstream of the start codon of the first PI-2b gene. The large operon of 16 genes located upstream of PI-2b codes for the group B carbohydrate (also known as antigen B), a major constituent of the bacterial cell wall. We showed that the hairpin sequence located between antigen B and PI-2b operons is a transcriptional terminator. In A909, increased expression of PI-2b probably results from read-through transcription from antigen B operon. In addition, we showed that an extended 5′ promoter region is required for maximal transcription of gfpas a reporter gene in S. agalactiae from Ppi2b promoter. Gene reporter assays performed in Lactococcus lactis strain NZ9000, a related non-pathogenic Gram-positive species, revealed that GBS-specific regulatory factors are required to drive PI-2b transcription. PI-2b expression is up-regulated in the BM110AcovR mutant as compared to the parental BM110 strain, but this effect is probably indirect. Collectively, our results indicate that PI-2b expression is regulated in GBS ST17 strains, which may confer a selective advantage in the human host either by reducing host immune responses and/or increasing their dissemination potential.
Published: 2017

8. Parallel Evolution of Group B Streptococcus Hypervirulent Clonal Complex 17 Unveils New Pathoadaptive Mutations

Author: Almeida, Alexandre, Rosinski-Chupin, Isabelle, Plainvert, Céline, Douarre, Pierre-Emmanuel, Borrego, Maria J., Poyart, Claire, Glaser, Philippe, HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Programme de Recherche Translationnelle en Santé - Approche Intégrative d'identification des Facteurs de Risque d'Infections néo-natales par le Streptocoque du Groupe B CC-17 - - STrepB172013 - ANR-13-PRTS-0006 - PRTS - VALID, Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), DHU Risques Et Grossesse, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), This work was supported by a project of ANR LabEx IBEID and ANR-13-PRTS-0006-04. A.A. is a scholar in the Pasteur-Paris University (PPU) International Ph.D. program and received a stipend from ANR Labex IBEID. Sequencing was performed at the Pasteur Genopole, a member of France Génomique (ANR10-IBNS-09-08)., We thank Laurence Ma for her help in performing the Illumina sequencing, and the CIP for providing some of the isolates used in this study. We also thank Arnaud Firon, Shaynoor Dramsi, and Carmen Buchrieser for useful feedback and discussions, ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-13-PRTS-0006,STrepB17,Approche Intégrative d'identification des Facteurs de Risque d'Infections néo-natales par le Streptocoque du Groupe B CC-17(2013), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance ( EERA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), National Institutes of Health ( NIH ), ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID,IBEID,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' ( 2010 ), ANR-13-PRTS-0006,STrepB17,Approche Intégrative d'identification des Facteurs de Risque d'Infections néo-natales par le Streptocoque du Groupe B CC-17 ( 2013 ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Group B Streptococcus, group B Streptococcus, antibiotic resistance, Virulence, CovR, eubacteria, Evolution, ST17, Genomics, Ecological and Evolutionary Science, GBS vaccine, GBS Vaccine, bacterial infections and mycoses, Microbiology, QR1-502, virulence, Eubacteria, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Antibiotic Resistance, evolution, genomics, Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Research Article
Abstract: The incidence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) neonatal disease continues to be a significant cause of concern worldwide. Strains belonging to clonal complex 17 (CC17) are the most frequently responsible for GBS infections in neonates, especially among late-onset disease cases. Therefore, we undertook the largest genomic study of GBS CC17 strains to date to decipher the genetic bases of their remarkable colonization and infection ability. We show that crucial functions involved in different steps of the colonization or infection process of GBS are distinctly mutated during the adaptation of CC17 to the human host. In particular, our results implicate the CovRS two-component regulator of virulence in the differentiation between carriage- and disease-associated isolates. Not only does this work raise important implications for the ongoing development of a vaccine against GBS but might also drive the discovery of key functions for GBS adaptation and pathogenesis that have been overlooked until now., Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a commensal of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, while a prevailing cause of neonatal disease worldwide. Of the various clonal complexes (CCs), CC17 is overrepresented in GBS-infected newborns for reasons that are still largely unknown. Here, we report a comprehensive genomic analysis of 626 CC17 isolates collected worldwide, identifying the genetic traits behind their successful adaptation to humans and the underlying differences between carriage and clinical strains. Comparative analysis with 923 GBS genomes belonging to CC1, CC19, and CC23 revealed that the evolution of CC17 is distinct from that of other human-adapted lineages and recurrently targets functions related to nucleotide and amino acid metabolism, cell adhesion, regulation, and immune evasion. We show that the most distinctive features of disease-specific CC17 isolates were frequent mutations in the virulence-associated CovS and Stk1 kinases, underscoring the crucial role of the entire CovRS regulatory pathway in modulating the pathogenicity of GBS. Importantly, parallel and convergent evolution of major components of the bacterial cell envelope, such as the capsule biosynthesis operon, the pilus, and Rib, reflects adaptation to host immune pressures and should be taken into account in the ongoing development of a GBS vaccine. The presence of recurrent targets of evolution not previously implicated in virulence also opens the way for uncovering new functions involved in host colonization and GBS pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE The incidence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) neonatal disease continues to be a significant cause of concern worldwide. Strains belonging to clonal complex 17 (CC17) are the most frequently responsible for GBS infections in neonates, especially among late-onset disease cases. Therefore, we undertook the largest genomic study of GBS CC17 strains to date to decipher the genetic bases of their remarkable colonization and infection ability. We show that crucial functions involved in different steps of the colonization or infection process of GBS are distinctly mutated during the adaptation of CC17 to the human host. In particular, our results implicate the CovRS two-component regulator of virulence in the differentiation between carriage- and disease-associated isolates. Not only does this work raise important implications for the ongoing development of a vaccine against GBS but might also drive the discovery of key functions for GBS adaptation and pathogenesis that have been overlooked until now. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available.
Published: 2017

9. A Comparison of Two Methods for Estimating Black Hole Spin in Active Galactic Nuclei

Author: Wafflard-Fernandez, Gaylor [Department of Physics, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay (France)]
Published: 2017
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10. The Philosophical Justifications of the 'Fair Innings Argument' and Related Controversies

Author: Clémence Thébaut, Jérôme Wittwer, Paul-Loup Weil-Dubuc, Thébaut, Clémence, Université Paris Sud Orsay, Inserm (UMR 1219), Université de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine (LEDa), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)
Subjects: health technology assessement, fair innings, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, General Medicine, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: L’arrivée récente de thérapies innovantes et coûteuses dans divers champs thérapeutiques suscite des espoirs importants du point de vue de la santé publique. Offrir un accès équitable à ces innovations entre toutefois en concurrence avec d’autres investissements publics qui font également l’objet d’attentes sociales fortes. Elle contraint donc les acteurs à définir le montant maximum que la collectivité est prête à dépenser pour des gains de santé donnés. Survient alors la question de savoir si ce montant maximum varie en fonction des circonstances qui entourent les individus, notamment la rareté de la maladie, leurs modes de vie, les inégalités sociales qu’ils ont subies tout au long de leur vie... Nous nous intéressons dans le cadre de cet article à une priorité particulière, celle accordée aux populations les plus jeunes et qui est le plus souvent désignée, à la suite des travaux de Harris, sous le terme fair innings. Nous nous demandons ce qui pourrait justifier une telle priorisation. Dans le cadre de cet article nous examinons trois arguments. Dans un premier temps nous proposons de justifier le critère de fair innings au nom d’un objectif d’égalisation des possibilités de bien-être dans la population. Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons de le justifier au nom d’un objectif d’égalisation du temps offert aux individus pour réaliser leurs plans de vie, conformément à la théorie de la justice comme équité de Rawls. Enfin, nous proposons de le justifier au nom d’un objectif d’égalisation du temps offert aux individus pour accepter la mort. Ces trois arguments présentent bien sûr de nombreuses limites et nous soulignons certaines d’entre elles. L’objectif que nous poursuivons dans cet article n’est pas de convaincre de la supériorité d’un argument par rapport aux autres. Nous cherchons plutôt à contribuer aux discussions sur les critères de priorisation en santé, en explicitant ce qui pourrait justifier un des critères particuliers : celui de l’âge., Financing innovative and costly treatments in various therapeutic fields entails a number of problems in countries where costs are covered by public services. Providing these drugs is forcing actors to define the maximum sums of money society is willing to spend for given health improvements. This raises the question of whether maximum financing should vary according individuals’ circumstances, such as the rareness of a disease, lifestyles, social inequalities experienced over a life time, etc. This article examines a particular priority, namely that given to the youngest patients, such prioritising usually refers to the “fair innings argument” (FIA). We question what could justify such a prioritization criterion. Three arguments are considered. At first we consider that FIA could be justified by the objective of equalizing the opportunities of well-being. Next, we proposed justifying the fair innings argument with the aim of equalizing the time provided to individuals to achieve their plan of life, in accordance with Rawls’s theory of justice as fairness. Finally, we proposed considering the FIA as being justified because of the goal of equalizing the time provided to individuals to accept death. These three arguments, of course, have many limitations, some of which we have highlighted. This article doesn’t aim to convince about the superiority of one argument over the other ones. We seek to contribute to the discussions which could happen on prioritization criteria regarding health care, by making explicit what could justify one specific criterion: the age criterion.
Published: 2021

11. Antitumor activity of ipatasertib combined with chemotherapy: results from a phase Ib study in solid tumors

Author: Manish R. Patel, Luna Musib, Paul Conkling, Andrés Cervantes, Premal Patel, Kedan Lin, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Ari David Baron, Johanna C. Bendell, J-C. Soria, Maha Hussain, Daniel J. Maslyar, Wai Y. Chan, Josep Tabernero, N. Xu, Steven J. Isakoff, Guillem Argiles, L. R. Molife, Han Ma, Deepak Sampath, Steven Gendreau, Institut Català de la Salut, [Isakoff SJ] Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA. [Tabernero J, Argilés G] Servei d’Oncologia Mèdica, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. [Molife LR] Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK. [Soria JC] Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, and Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France. [Cervantes A] CIBERONC, Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [Vogelzang NJ] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Maximum Tolerated Dose, medicine.medical_treatment, Càncer - Quimioteràpia, Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/efectos adversos [Otros calificadores], Gastroenterology, AKT inhibitor, Piperazines, Medicaments antineoplàstics - Efectes secundaris, neoplasias [ENFERMEDADES], 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasms, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/adverse effects [Other subheadings], medicine, advanced cancer, Humans, Enzalutamide, terapéutica::protocolos clínicos::protocolos antineoplásicos::protocolos de quimioterapia antineoplásica combinada [TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS], Adverse effect, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Hematology, phase I, Therapeutics::Clinical Protocols::Antineoplastic Protocols::Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols [ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT], Oxaliplatin, Neoplasms [DISEASES], Pyrimidines, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, Docetaxel, Tolerability, Paclitaxel, chemistry, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Inhibidor d'AKT; Càncer avançat; Fase I Inhibidor de AKT; Cáncer avanzado; Fase I AKT inhibitor; Advanced cancer; Phase I Background This phase Ib study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of the oral AKT inhibitor ipatasertib and chemotherapy or hormonal therapy in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors to determine combined dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), maximum tolerated dose, and recommended phase II doses and schedules. Patients and methods The clinical study comprised four combination treatment arms: arm A (with docetaxel), arm B [with mFOLFOX6 (modified leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin)], arm C (with paclitaxel), and arm D (with enzalutamide). Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability; secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetics, clinical activity per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1, and prostate-specific antigen levels. Results In total, 122 patients were enrolled. Common adverse events were diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, and fatigue. The safety profiles of the combination regimens were consistent with those of the background regimens, except for diarrhea, hyperglycemia, and rash, which were previously observed with ipatasertib treatment. The only combination DLT across all treatment arms was one event of grade 3 dehydration (ipatasertib 600 mg and paclitaxel). Recommended phase II doses for ipatasertib were 600 mg (and mFOLFOX6) and 400 mg (and paclitaxel), respectively. The maximum assessed dose of ipatasertib 600 mg combined with docetaxel or enzalutamide was well tolerated. Coadministration with enzalutamide (a cytochrome P450 3A inducer) resulted in approximately 50% lower ipatasertib exposure. Conclusions Ipatasertib in combination with chemotherapy or hormonal therapy was well tolerated with a safety profile consistent with that of ATP-competitive AKT inhibitors. This work was supported by Genentech, Inc., a member of the Roche Group, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (no grant number).
Published: 2020

12. Evaluation of Memantine in AAV-AD Rat: A Model of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease Predementia

Author: Souchet, B., Audrain, M., Alves, S., Fol, R., Tada, S., Orefice, N.S, Potier, B., Dutar, P., Billard, Jean-Marie, Cartier, N., Braudeau, J., Billard, Jean-Marie, Université Paris Sud Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, Service MIRCEN (MIRCEN), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, UMR_S894, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, Mobilités : Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé (COMETE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: AAV-AD rat, Tauopathies, prevention, Alzheimer Disease, animal model, Animals, Humans, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], LOAD, memantine, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Rats
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Though our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains elusive, it is well known that the disease starts long before the first signs of dementia. This is supported by the large number of symptomatic drug failures in clinical trials and the increased trend to enroll patients at predementia stages with either mild or no cognitive symptoms. However, the design of pre-clinical studies does not follow this attitude, in particular regarding the choice of animal models, often irrelevant to mimic predementia Late Onset Alzheimer 's Disease (LOAD). OBJECTIVES: We aimed to pharmacologically validate the AAV-AD rat model to evaluate preventive treatment of AD. METHODS: We evaluated an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, named memantine, in AAV-AD rats, an age-dependent amyloid rat model which closely mimics Alzheimer's pathology including asymptomatic and prodromal stages. Memantine was used at a clinically relevant dose (20 mg daily oral administration) from 4 (asymptomatic phase) to 10 (mild cognitive impairment phase) months of age. RESULTS: A 6-month treatment with memantine promoted a non-amyloidogenic cleavage of APP followed by a decrease in soluble Aβ42. Consequently, both long-term potentiation and cognitive impairments were prevented. By contrast, the levels of hyperphosphorylated endogenous tau remained unchanged, indicating that a long-term memantine treatment is ineffective to restrain the APP processing-induced tauopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Together, our data confirm that relevant models to LOAD, such as the AAV-AD rat, can provide a framework for a better understanding of the disease and accurate assessment of preventive treatments.
Published: 2022

13. A novel experimental approach to investigate radiolysis processes in liquid samples using collimated radiation sources

Author: Sicard-Roselli, Cécile [Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay (France)]
Published: 2015
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14. Quelques problèmes de géométrie conforme vus sous l'angle des structures de Cartan

Author: Frances, Charles, Université Paris Sud Orsay, Université Paris-Sud 11, and Pierre Pansu
Subjects: Conformal geometry, Géométrie de Cartan, [MATH.MATH-DG]Mathematics [math]/Differential Geometry [math.DG], Cartan Geometry, géométrie Conforme
Published: 2021

15. Elimination of fluconazole during continuous renal replacement therapy. An in vitro assessment

Author: Tarik Abarou, Pierre Carli, Pascal Houzé, Frédéric J. Baud, Benoit Pilmis, Jean-Herlé Raphalen, Lionel Lamhaut, Vincent Jullien, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique [AP-HP Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Pharmacologie et évaluations thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte (URP_7323), Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique de Paris-Sud, EA 3343, Faculté de Pharmacie de Châtenay-Malabry, Université Paris Sud Orsay, Centre hospitalier Saint-Joseph [Paris], MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS - UM 4 (UMR 8258 / U1022)), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Tâche, Roselyne, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030232 urology & nephrology, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine (miscellaneous), Bioengineering, Pharmacology, law.invention, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacokinetics, law, medicine, Humans, Renal replacement therapy, Fluconazole, Filtration, filtration, alternative to animal testing, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, General Medicine, In vitro, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], adsorption, business, renal replacement therapy, pharmacokinetics, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Introduction: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) efficiently eliminates fluconazole. However, the routes of elimination were not clarified. Adsorption of fluconazole by filters is a pending question. We studied the elimination of fluconazole in a model mimicking a session of CRRT in humans using the NeckEpur® model. Two filters were studied. Methods: The AV1000®-polysulfone filter with the Multifiltrate Pro. Fresenius and the ST150®-polyacrylonitrile filter with the Prismaflex. Baxter-Gambro were studied. Continuous filtration used a flowrate of 2.5 L/h in post-dilution only. Session were made in duplicate. Routes of elimination were assessed using the NeckEpur® model. Results: The mean measured initial fluconazole concentration (mean ± SD) for the four sessions in the central compartment (CC) was 14.9 ± 0.2 mg/L. The amount eliminated from the CC at the end of 6 h-session at a 2.5 L/h filtration flowrate for the AV1000®-polysulfone and the ST150®-polyacrylonitrile filters were 90%–93% and 96%–94%, respectively; the clearances from the central compartment (CC) were 2.5–2.6 and 2.4–2.3 L/h, respectively. The means of the instantaneous sieving coefficient were 0.94%–0.91% and 0.99%–0.91%, respectively. The percentages of the amount eliminated from the CC by filtration/adsorption were 100/0%–95/5% and 100/0%–100/0%, respectively. Conclusion: Neither the ST150®-polyacrylonitrile nor the AV1000®-polysulfone filters result in any significant adsorption of fluconazole.
Published: 2021

16. Response of earthworm communities to soil engineering and soil isolation in urban landscapes

Author: Daniel Cluzeau, Kevin Hoeffner, Jeanne Maréchal, Xavier Marié, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), This research was supported by the 'Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie' (ANRT) through an industrial CIFRE convention between the Sol Paysage company and the University of Rennes 1 (Number of convention N° 2018/0569, http://www.anrt.asso.fr/fr/cifre-7843)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Université Paris Sud Orsay
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Amendment, Context (language use), Pedological engineering, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Urban soils, Abundance (ecology), 11. Sustainability, Geotechnical engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, Connectivity, biology, Earthworm, Brown network, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Isolation (microbiology), biology.organism_classification, Ecological continuity, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Engineered soils provide numerous ecosystem services in urban landscapes, such as water regulation and plant growth. They are constructed to optimize soil physicochemical properties but their biological properties are given little consideration. In particular, earthworm communities may be highly impacted by soil engineering processes and soil isolation caused by asphalted surfaces separating soils, and in particular roadside soils, from pseudo-natural soils. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate (i) the effects of soil engineering processes applied to construct roadside soils, and (ii) the effects of soil isolation from pseudo-natural soils by asphalted surfaces on earthworm communities. The study was conducted in an urban landscape in the suburbs of Paris, France. We sampled earthworms in roadside soils from two distinct soil engineering processes: basic engineering (BER) associated with shallow stripping depth and advanced engineering (AER) associated with deep stripping depth and organic amendment. Within each soil engineering process, two levels of soil isolation were defined depending on the asphalted surface separating roadside soils from pseudo-natural soils: light isolation (LI) in case of a narrow cycle path, and high isolation (HI) in case of a wide road. Soil engineering did not affect the total earthworm abundance whereas the total species richness was negatively impacted in comparison to nearby pseudo-natural soils. High soil isolation differently impacted earthworm communities depending on the engineering process. Regarding AER, earthworm abundance and species richness were significantly lower in HI than in LI while no differences were observed between BER-LI and BER-HI. Overall, engineering processes define the soil's ability to host earthworms, and soil isolation defines soil ability to be colonized from nearby environments. Considering the contribution of earthworms to the provision of ecosystem services, both soil engineering and soil isolation should be taken into account in urban projects to optimize their development in urban landscapes. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Published: 2021

17. Analyse combinée FluoX-caméra RVB et FluoX-DRX des gisements de latérite nickélifère de Nouvelle-Calédonie : nouvelle approche méthodique

Author: MAESTRACCI, Barbara, Chateigner, D, Delchini, S, Gascoin, S, Pillière, H, Mendilli, A, Lutterotti, L, Borovin, E, Le Guen, M, Oberger, B, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., University of Trento [Trento], Eramet, ERAMET RESEARCH, Université Paris Sud Orsay, Claire Colin & Matias Velazquez, H2020 EU Raw Material - SOLSA, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ERAMET RESEARCH SLN, 1 Avenue Albert Einstein, 78190 Trappes, France, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], méthode Rietveld, FluoX, DRX, outils combinés, imagerie, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Nouvelle-Calédonie, corrélation, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience; As part of the European SOLSA project, BRGM and CRISMAT are participating in the development of a multi-sensor expertise bench (SOLSA ID2A-ID2B). The major challenge of SOLSA is to understand the approach of a field geologist to samples in order to enable the retranscription of his knowledge in the form of intelligent algorithms. In this context, a sample prepared in three forms (powder, thin slide and raw sample) was selected in this study. It is a serpentinised harzburgite. The sample was first characterised in the laboratory (X-ray fluorescence, ICP-AES, and X-ray diffraction) and then analysed under these different preparations on SOLSA ID2B. This study showed that the field approach allows similar results to those obtained in the laboratory but with a higher profitability. By comparing the results obtained on the three types of preparation, it was shown that the influence of the sample preparation is minor on the combined FluoX-DRX results. Finally, by creating an algorithm allowing the superposition of RGB images and the spatial distribution of chemical elements (Fig 1), it was possible to improve the knowledge of substitutions within the phases present, the location of certain elements in preferential zones and the element/element and phase/element correlations.; Dans le cadre du projet européen SOLSA, le BRGM et le CRISMAT, participent au développement d’un banc d’expertise multi-capteurs (SOLSA ID2A-ID2B). L’enjeu majeur de SOLSA, est d’appréhender l’approche d’un géologue de terrain sur des échantillons afin de permettre une retranscription de son savoir sous forme d’algorithmes intelligents. Dans ce contexte, un échantillon préparé sous trois formes (poudre, lame mince et échantillon brut) a été sélectionné dans cette étude. Il s’agit d’une harzburgite serpentinisée. L’échantillon a d’abord été caractérisé en laboratoire (fluorescence X, ICP-AES, et diffraction des rayons X) puis analysé sous ces différentes préparations sur SOLSA ID2B. Cette étude a permis de montrer que l’approche de terrain admet des résultats similaires aux résultats obtenus en laboratoire mais avec une rentabilité plus élevée. En comparant les résultats obtenus sur les trois types de préparation, il a été démontré que l’influence de la préparation de l’échantillon est mineure sur les résultats combinés FluoX-DRX. Enfin, par la création d’algorithme permettant la superposition d’image RVB et la distribution spatiale des éléments chimiques (Fig 1), il a été possible d’améliorer la connaissance des substitutions au sein des phases présentes, la localisation de certains éléments dans des zones préférentielles et les corrélations éléments/éléments et phases/éléments.
Published: 2021

18. Role of DNA Repair Variants and Diagnostic Radiology Exams in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of Two Case–Control Studies

Author: Carole Rubino, Pascal Guénel, Emilie Cordina-Duverger, Françoise Borson-Chazot, Vincent Souchard, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Florent de Vathaire, Thérèse Truong, Julie Guibon, Anne-Valérie Guizard, Mojgan Karimi, Elizabeth Adjadj, Catherine Ory, Hélène Blanché, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Sylvie Chevillard, Martin Schlumberger, Constance Xhaard, Claire Schvartz, Yan Ren, Fabienne Lesueur, Jean-François Deleuze, Anne Boland, Mohammed Zakarya Zemmache, Sandra Canale, Eugènia Mariné Barjoan, Claire Mulot, Monia Zidane, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique (DCAC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'investigation clinique plurithématique Pierre Drouin [Nancy] (CIC-P), Centre d'investigation clinique [Nancy] (CIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists [Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy] (INI-CRCT), Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu [Nancy], French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network - F-CRIN [Paris] (Cardiovascular & Renal Clinical Trialists - CRCT ), Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Fondation Jean Dausset - Centre d’Etudes du Polymorphisme Humain [Paris] (CEPH), Laboratory of Excellence GENMED (Medical Genomics), Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale (LCE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), Service de Radobiologie Expérimentale et Innovation Technologique (SREIT), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Godinot [Reims], UNICANCER, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Unité de recherche interdisciplinaire pour la prévention et le traitement des cancers (ANTICIPE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-UNICANCER-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epigenetec, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], FDV received the following grants as principal investigator of Young-Thyr study: Fondation de France (Grant number 65391), L'Alliance pour les sciences de la vie et de la santé, « AVIESAN » (Grants number ENV201416 and 2007005070), the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC) (Grants number EPDAC6036, EPDTP6004, R10127LL).TT received the following grants for CATHY 470 and Young-Thyr studies genotyping Institut National du Cancer (Grant number 9533), the ARC foundation (Grant number PGA120150202302) MZ performed this work during her PhD funded by Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP) and the ARC Foundation (Grant number ARCDOC42020070002532)., Université Paris Sud Orsay, Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Mines ParisTech, Institut Curie [Paris]-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER, and BOZEC, Erwan
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Adolescent, DNA Repair, Epidemiology, DNA repair, Thyroid Gland, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Logistic regression, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, medicine, Genetic predisposition, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Thyroid Neoplasms, Child, Thyroid cancer, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Thyroid, Case-control study, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Case-Control Studies, Female, Radiology, France, business
Abstract: Background: Given the increased use and diversity of diagnostic procedures, it is important to understand genetic susceptibility to radiation-induced thyroid cancer. Methods: On the basis of self-declared diagnostic radiology examination records in addition to existing literature, we estimated the radiation dose delivered to the thyroid gland from diagnostic procedures during childhood and adulthood in two case–control studies conducted in France. A total of 1,071 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cases and 1,188 controls from the combined studies were genotyped using a custom-made Illumina OncoArray DNA chip. We focused our analysis on variants in genes involved in DNA damage response and repair pathways, representing a total of 5,817 SNPs in 571 genes. We estimated the OR per milli-Gray (OR/mGy) of the radiation dose delivered to the thyroid gland using conditional logistic regression. We then used an unconditional logistic regression model to assess the association between DNA repair gene variants and DTC risk. We performed a meta-analysis of the two studies. Results: The OR/mGy was 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.03). We found significant associations between DTC and rs7164173 in CHD2 (P = 5.79 × 10−5), rs6067822 in NFATc2 (P = 9.26 × 10−5), rs1059394 and rs699517 both in ENOSF1/THYS, rs12702628 in RPA3, and an interaction between rs7068306 in MGMT and thyroid radiation doses (P = 3.40 × 10−4). Conclusions: Our results suggest a role for variants in CDH2, NFATc2, ENOSF1/THYS, RPA3, and MGMT in DTC risk. Impact: CDH2, NFATc2, ENOSF1/THYS, and RPA3 have not previously been shown to be associated with DTC risk.
Published: 2021

19. JIIS special issue preface

Author: Nicolas Spyratos, Richard Chbeir, Laboratoire Informatique de l'Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (LIUPPA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), and Université Paris Sud Orsay
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Artificial Intelligence, Computer Networks and Communications, Hardware and Architecture, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], [INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, Engineering ethics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Software, Information Systems
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

20. The polyphagous plant pathogenic fungusBotrytis cinereaencompasses host‐specialized and generalist populations

Author: Annie Auger, Clémentine Duplaix, Pierre Gladieux, Alex Mercier, Jean-Marc Pradier, Anne Sophie Walker, Florence Carpentier, Muriel Viaud, Université Paris Sud Orsay, BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement [Jouy-En-Josas] (MaIAGE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Doctoral School 'Sciences du Vegetal', Universite Paris-Saclay
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Zoology, Hydrangea, Generalist and specialist species, 01 natural sciences, Fragaria, molecular epidemiology, Microbiology, Host Specificity, Gene flow, 03 medical and health sciences, Solanum lycopersicum, Botany, Specialization (functional), Vitis, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Plant Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, Botrytis cinerea, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), fungi, food and beverages, Host specialization, population structure, grey mould, Pathogenic fungus, biology.organism_classification, crosspathogenicity, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Botrytis, Solanum, gene flow, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The host plant is often the main variable explaining population structure in fungal plant pathogens, because specialization contributes to reduce gene flow between populations associated with different hosts. Previous population genetic analysis revealed that French populations of the grey mould pathogen Botrytis cinerea were structured by hosts tomato and grapevine, suggesting host specialization in this highly polyphagous pathogen. However, these findings raised questions about the magnitude of this specialization and the possibility of specialization to other hosts. Here we report specialization of B. cinerea populations to tomato and grapevine hosts but not to other tested plants. Population genetic analysis revealed two pathogen clusters associated with tomato and grapevine, while the other clusters co-occurred on hydrangea, strawberry and bramble. Measurements of quantitative pathogenicity were consistent with host specialization of populations found on tomato, and to a lesser extent, populations found on grapevine. Pathogen populations from hydrangea and strawberry appeared to be generalist, while populations from bramble may be weakly specialized. Our results suggest that the polyphagous B. cinerea is more accurately described as a collection of generalist and specialist individuals in populations. This work opens new perspectives for grey mold management, while suggesting spatial optimization of crop organization within agricultural landscapes.
Published: 2019

21. EUREXIT? High time to consider the merits of European collaboration in child and adolescent psychiatry

Author: Veit Roessner, Maria Melchior, Giulia Signorini, Johannes Hebebrand, Bruno Falissard, Nanda Rommelse, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Michael Kaess, Carmen Moreno, Nadia Micali, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), University Hospital Essen, Université Paris Sud Orsay, University of Groningen [Groningen], University of Bern, Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale [iPLesp] (ERES), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre [Nijmegen], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia (IRCCS), Università degli Studi di Brescia = University of Brescia (UniBs), and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, 610 Medicine & health, ddc:616.89, Adolescent Psychiatry, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Child and adolescent psychiatry, medicine, Humans, ADHD, Family, Cooperative Behavior, Psychiatry, Child, Child Psychiatry, Patient Care Team, Patient care team, Mental Disorders, Research, General Medicine, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Europe, Psychiatry and Mental health, Adolescent psychiatry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cooperative behavior, Psychology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

22. SME-4-producing Serratia marcescens from Argentina belonging to clade 2 of the S. marcescens phylogeny

Author: Marcela Nastro, Angela Famiglietti, Philippe Glaser, Carlos Hernán Rodríguez, Rafael Patiño-Navarrete, Laura Dabos, Thierry Naas, Structure, Dynamique, Fonction Et Expression Des Beta-Lactamases À Large Spectre, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - Faculté de médecine (UP11 UFR Médecine), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (CNR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica [Buenos Aires], Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica [Buenos Aires] (FFYB), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Centre National de Référence Associé de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques [Hôpital Bicêtre AP-HP] (CNRARA/Service de Microbiologie), This work was supported by the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), the University Paris-Sud, the LabExs Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT) and Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IBEID) supported by grants from the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-LABX-33), and by the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR) DesInMBL (ANR-14-JAMR-002), and by DIM Malinf, Ile deFrance, for L. D.’s PhD fellowship., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-14-JAMR-0002,DesInMBL,Structure-guided design of pan inhibitors of metallo-ß-lactamases(2014), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de Référence Associé de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Imipenem, Genomic Islands, Genotype, 030106 microbiology, Argentina, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Genome, beta-Lactamases, Serratia Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bacterial Proteins, Phylogenetics, Genomic island, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Clade, Phylogeny, Serratia marcescens, Pharmacology, Genetics, Whole genome sequencing, Whole Genome Sequencing, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Computational Biology, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Infectious Diseases, Genome, Bacterial, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background SME carbapenemases are increasingly reported, especially from North and South America. Here, we describe an SME-4-producing Serratia marcescens (SME-Sm) clinical isolate from Argentina and compare its genome with other SME-Sm and Sm isolates recovered from public databases. Methods Sm isolates were characterized by WGS using Illumina technology, susceptibility testing and MIC determination. Carbapenemase activity was revealed by biochemical tests based on imipenem hydrolysis. A whole-genome phylogeny was estimated for all the Sm isolates retrieved from public databases with kSNP3 and a whole-genome phylogenetic analysis based on non-recombinant core SNPs was inferred for Sm complete genomes and for those encoding any blaSME variants. Results Sm163 was resistant to amoxicillin, temocillin, aztreonam and carbapenems, remaining susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. WGS analysis of Sm163 revealed a genome of 5139329 bp and a chromosomally encoded blaSME-4 carbapenemase gene located on a genomic island closely related to SmarGI1-1 of Sm N11-02820. Comparison of the Sm genomes revealed that the 14 SME-Sm isolates possess this genomic island inserted at the same loci, that 13/14 belong to clade 1 and that 11/14 form a well-defined subcluster of cluster I of Sm clade 1, while Sm163 belongs to clade 2, suggesting that an SME-encoding genomic island may have been transferred between isolates from different clades. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of an SME-4-encoding Sm from Argentina. The blaSME-4 gene is located on a SmarGI1-1-like genomic island. The genome of Sm163 belongs to clade 2, unlike all the other SME-Sm isolates, which belong to clade 1.
Published: 2019

23. Plasma reactivity in high-power impulse magnetron sputtering through oxygen kinetics

Author: Minea, Tiberiu [Laboratoire the Physique de Gaz et Plasmas, UMR 8578 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex 91405 (France)]
Published: 2013
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24. Free Open Source Software for Protein and Peptide Mass Spectrometry-based Science

Author: Filippo Rusconi, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech, Université Paris Sud Orsay, and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Proteomics, Proteome, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Information Storage and Retrieval, Peptide Mapping, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Field (computer science), Mass Spectrometry, 03 medical and health sciences, Software, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Structural Biology, Humans, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Databases, Protein, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Graphical user interface, Free Software, Open Source, 0303 health sciences, Staining and Labeling, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Software development, Proteins, Cell Biology, General Medicine, File format, Pipeline (software), 0104 chemical sciences, Identification (information), ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Open standard, Isotope Labeling, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], business, Software engineering, Peptides, Algorithms
Abstract: In the field of biology, and specifically in protein and peptide science, the power of mass spectrometry is that it is applicable to a vast spectrum of applications. Mass spectrometry can be applied to identify proteins and peptides in complex mixtures, to identify and locate post-translational modifications, to characterize the structure of proteins and peptides to the most detailed level or to detect protein-ligand non-covalent interactions. Thanks to the Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) movement, scientists have limitless opportunities to deepen their skills in software development to code software that solves mass spectrometric data analysis problems. After the conversion of raw data files into open standard format files, the entire spectrum of data analysis tasks can now be performed integrally on FOSS platforms, like GNU/Linux, and only with FOSS solutions. This review presents a brief history of mass spectrometry open file formats and goes on with the description of FOSS projects that are commonly used in protein and peptide mass spectrometry fields of endeavor: identification projects that involve mostly automated pipelines, like proteomics and peptidomics, and bio-structural characterization projects that most often involve manual scrutiny of the mass data. Projects of the last kind usually involve software that allows the user to delve into the mass data in an interactive graphics-oriented manner. Software projects are thus categorized on the basis of these criteria: software libraries for software developers vs desktop-based graphical user interface, software for the end-user and automated pipeline-based data processing vs interactive graphics-based mass data scrutiny.
Published: 2021

25. Misfit Dislocation Guided Topographic and Conduction Patterning in Complex Oxide Epitaxial Thin Films

Author: Markos Paradinas, Benjamín Martínez, Carmen Ocal, Alberto Pomar, Núria Bagués, Marie-Jo Casanove, Zorica Konstantinović, José Santiso, Felip Sandiumenge, Lluís Balcells, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Bât 510, Université Paris Sud Orsay, Surfaces, Interfaces et Nano-Objets (CEMES-SINanO), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, and Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia)
Subjects: Materials science, Complex oxide, media_common.quotation_subject, Library science, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Surface current, 01 natural sciences, Strain, Excellence, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, Misfit dislocations, European union, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Surface patterning, Mechanical Engineering, Epitaxial thin film, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Complex oxides, Mechanics of Materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Christian ministry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Interfacial dissimilarity has emerged in recent years as the cornerstone of emergent interfacial phenomena, while enabling the control of electrical transport and magnetic behavior of complex oxide epitaxial films. As a step further toward the lateral miniaturization of functional nanostructures, this work uncovers the role of misfit dislocations in creating periodic surface strain patterns that can be efficiently used to control the spatial modulation of mass transport phenomena and bandwidth-dependent properties on a ≈20 nm length scale. The spontaneous formation of surface strain-relief patterns in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/LaAlO3 films results in lateral periodic modulations of the surface chemical potential and tetragonal distortion, controlling the spatial distribution of preferential nucleation sites and the bandwidth of the epilayer, respectively. These results provide insights into the spontaneous formation of strain-driven ordered surface patterns, topographic and functional, during the growth of complex oxide heterostructures on lengths scales far below the limits achievable through top-down approaches., The authors thank Dr. Belén Ballesteros for her assistance with electron microscopy experiments. This research was sponsored by the Spanish MINECO (“Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D: SEV- 2015-0496, MAT2015-71664-R, FEDER program, MAT2012-33207, and MAT2013-47869-C4-1-P), and the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska–Curie grant agreement No. 645658. The authors also acknowledge ﬁ nancial aid from the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014 SGR 501). N.B. and F.S. also acknowledge funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 312483-ESTEEM2 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative I3) for providing access to aberration corrected electron microscope at CEMES (Toulouse). N.B. thanks the Spanish MINECO for ﬁ nancial support through the FPI program. F.S. acknowledges support from the Labex (Excellence Laboratory) NEXT for a visiting scientist fellowship at CEMES (Toulouse, France). Z.K. is grateful for the support from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia through Project III45018.
Published: 2021

26. A Bilevel Model for Centralized Optimization of Charging Stops for EV on Highways

Author: Dominique Quadri, Anthony Woznica, Olivier Beaude, Yezekael Hayel, and Université Paris Sud Orsay
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, 021103 operations research, Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Time horizon, 02 engineering and technology, Function (mathematics), [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], 01 natural sciences, Bilevel optimization, 010309 optics, Set (abstract data type), Operator (computer programming), Order (exchange), 0103 physical sciences, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Energy (signal processing), Integer (computer science)
Abstract: This paper addresses the multi-period problem of fixing the energy charging price at a set of charging stations deployed to support long journeys of electric vehicles along highways. In order to model the problem, we propose a non-linear bilevel program, in which the leader (a single centralized operator) fixes the charging price over the time horizon to maximize its profit and the follower (the operator of the electric vehicles) chooses the optimal assignment of the electric vehicles to the stations so to minimize a cost function. To solve the resulting model, we suggest to adopt an adaption of the Branch-and-Cut algorithm for Mixed Integer Linear Bilevel Programming proposed by Fischetti et al. (2018). Preliminary computational results are provided to show the interesting performance of the new modeling and algorithmic approach.
Published: 2021

27. From Precambrian to Cenozoic: the manganese odyssey of Morocco

Author: Dekoninck, Augustin, Ruffet, Gilles, Barbarand, Jocelyn, Missenard, Yves, Lafforgue, Ludovic, Verhaert, Michèle, Mattielli, Nadine, Gautheron, Cécile, Al., Et, Dubigeon, Isabelle, Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Paris Sud Orsay, URBE University of Namur, Namur, Belgium, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Africa Museum, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.TE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics
Abstract: International audience; Morocco is a relevant place to study Mn deposits considering its multistage geodynamic story. In the last decades, several new studies significantly improved our understanding of various genetic types. Three main districts have been mined since the beginning of the 20 th century: (i) Ouarzazate (Anti-Atlas), (ii) Bou Arfa (eastern High Atlas) and (iii) Imini-Tasdremt (High Atlas). The first and third are currently mined, accounting for the production of 80,000 tons Mn in 2018 (data from the Ministry of Energy, Mines and Sustainable Development of Morocco). The deposition of Mn spans over four main periods: Neoproterozoic, Jurassic, Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic. (i) The Ouarzazate deposits are vein-type and stratiform Mn-Fe orebodies (42-48% Mn) closely associated to Neoproterozoic felsic volcanic and terrigeneous series (Choubert and Faure-Muret, 1973). It is the largest Mn field in Morocco (>90x60 km). Stratiform orebodies clearly improve the mining potential. The Mn-bearing assemblage includes braunite, cryptomelane, hollandite, hausmannite and pyrolusite in a hematite, goethite, barite, quartz, dolomite and calcite gangue. The formation model implies a polycyclic epithermal and epigenetic Mn accumulation during and at the final stage of the Neoproterozoic volcanic activity at ~580 Ma. Extensional tectonics of the Neoproterozoic Ouarzazate basin would be of primary order in delimiting the number and regional extension of lodes. (ii) The Bou Arfa Mn deposit is hosted in Sinemurian dolostones, as stratabound, run-type and lenses of Mn orebodies crisscrossed by late veins hosting the high-grade pyrolusite ore (33-82% Mn). Ore formation follows a sedimentary-diagenetic model driven by three dolomitization episodes after the Sinemurian sedimentation, and an epigenetic stage similar to other MVT of the Atlas range (Lafforgue et al., 2021). The concentration of Mn in a narrow area of about 10 km 2 is due to the geometry of the Bou Arfa basin and its position above basement paleohighs acting as a threshold for marine inputs during transgression/regression intervals. The primary manganite-hausmannite ore was transformed into pyrolusite during burial of the Mn-rich sediments.
Published: 2021

28. Stepwise evolution and convergent recombination underlie the global dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli

Author: Rafael Patiño-Navarrete, Lauraine Gauthier, Julie Takissian, Nicolas Cabanel, Isabelle Rosinski-Chupin, Rémy A. Bonnin, Monzer Hamze, Philippe Glaser, Jean-Yves Madec, Thierry Naas, Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence Associé de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques [Hôpital Bicêtre AP-HP] (CNRARA/Service de Microbiologie), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes (AVB), Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Université Libanaise, This work was supported by grants from the French National Research Agency (ANR LabEx IBEID and ANR-10-LABX-33), from the Joint Program Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (ANR-14-JAMR-0002), and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement No. 773830 (Project ARDIG, EJP One Health), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-14-JAMR-0002,DesInMBL,Structure-guided design of pan inhibitors of metallo-ß-lactamases(2014), European Project: 773830,H2020-SFS-2017-1,MedVetKlebs (a component of European Joint Programme One Health)(2018), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence Associé de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Hôpital Bicêtre-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and European Project: 773830,H2020-SFS-2017-1,MedVetKlebs (a component of European Joint Programme One Health EJP)(2018)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Penicillin binding proteins, lcsh:Medicine, Multidrug resistance, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, Bacterial evolution, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Shigella, Genetics (clinical), Phylogeny, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Escherichia coli Proteins, Porin, Multidrug resistance bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Phenotype, 3. Good health, Molecular Medicine, Penicillin-binding proteins, Porine, Lineage (genetic), lcsh:QH426-470, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, 030106 microbiology, Porins, Biology, beta-Lactam Resistance, beta-Lactamases, Lateral gene transfers, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, Phylogenetics, medicine, Allele, Molecular Biology, Gene, Escherichia coli, 030304 developmental biology, Molecular epidemiology, 030306 microbiology, Research, lcsh:R, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Carbapenems, Mutation, Peptidoglycan Glycosyltransferase
Abstract: Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are considered by WHO as “critical” priority pathogens for which novel antibiotics are urgently needed. The dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (CP-Ec) in the community is a major public health concern. However, the global molecular epidemiology of CP-Ec isolates remains largely unknown as well as factors contributing to the acquisition of carbapenemase genes. Methods We first analyzed the whole-genome sequence and the evolution of the E. coli sequence type (ST) 410 and its disseminated clade expressing the carbapenemase OXA-181. We reconstructed the phylogeny of 19 E. coli ST enriched in CP-Ec and corresponding to a total of 2026 non-redundant isolates. Using the EpiCs software, we determined the significance of the association between specific mutations and the acquisition of a carbapenemase gene and the most probable order of events. The impact of the identified mutations was assessed experimentally by genetic manipulations and phenotypic testing. Results In 13 of the studied STs, acquisition of carbapenemase genes occurred in multidrug-resistant lineages characterized by a combination of mutations in ftsI encoding the penicillin-binding protein 3 and in the porin genes ompC and ompF. Mutated ftsI genes and a specific ompC allele related to that from ST38 inducing reduced susceptibility to diverse β-lactams spread across the species by recombination. We showed that these mutations precede in most cases the acquisition of a carbapenemase gene. The ompC allele from ST38 might have contributed to the selection of CP-Ec disseminated lineages within this ST. On the other hand, in the pandemic ST131 lineage, CP-Ec were not associated with mutations in ompC or ftsI and show no signs of dissemination. Conclusions Lineages of CP-Ec have started to disseminate globally. However, their selection is a multistep process involving mutations, recombination, acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes, and selection by β-lactams from diverse families. This process did not yet occur in the high-risk lineage ST131.
Published: 2020

29. Justifications philosophiques du critère de fair innings et controverses

Author: Weil-Dubuc, Paul-Loup, Wittwer, Jérôme, Thebaut, Clémence, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-CHU Limoges-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine (LEDa), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Université Paris Sud Orsay, Inserm (UMR 1219), Université de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux (UB), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Thébaut, Clémence, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: health technology assessement, [SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, fair innings, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SDV.ETH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ethics, [SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, [SDV.ETH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ethics, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: Financing innovative and costly treatments in various therapeutic fields entail a number of problems in countries where costs are covered by public services. Providing these drugs is forcing actors to define the maximum sums of money society is willing to spend for given health improvements. This raises the question of whether maximum financing should vary according individuals’ circumstances, such as the rareness of a disease, lifestyles, social inequalities experienced over a life time, etc. This article examines a particular priority, namely that given to the youngest patients, such prioritising usually refers to the “fair innings argument” (FIA). We question what could justify such a prioritization criterion. Three arguments are considered. At first we consider that FIA could be justified by the objective of equalizing the opportunities of well-being. Next, we proposed justifying the fair innings argument with the aim of equalizing the time provided to individuals to achieve their plan of life, in accordance with Rawls's theory of justice as fairness. Finally, we proposed considering the FIA as being justified because of the goal of equalizing the time provided to individuals to accept death. These three arguments, of course, have many limitations, some of which we have highlighted.This article doesn’t aim to convince about the superiority of one argument over the other ones. We seek to contribute to the discussions which could happen on prioritization criteria regarding health care, by making explicit what could justify one specific criterion: the age criterion.; L'arrivée récente de thérapies innovantes et coûteuses dans divers champs thérapeutiques suscite des espoirs importants du point de vue de la santé publique. Offrir un accès équitable à ces innovations entre toutefois en concurrence avec d'autres investissements publics qui font également l'objet d'attentes sociales fortes. Elle contraint donc les acteurs à définir le montant maximum que la collectivité est prête à dépenser pour des gains de santé donnés. Survient alors la question de savoir si ce montant maximum varie en fonction des circonstances qui entourent les individus, telle que la rareté de la maladie, leurs modes de vies, les inégalités sociales qu'ils ont subies tout au long de leur vie... Nous nous intéressons dans le cadre de cet article à une priorité particulière, celle accordée aux populations les plus jeunes, le plus souvent désignée, à la suite des travaux de Harris, sous le terme de fair innings. Nous nous demandons ce qui pourrait justifier une telle priorisation. Dans le cadre de cet article nous examinons trois arguments. Dans un premier temps nous proposons de justifier le critère de fair innings au nom d'un objectif d'égalisation des opportunités de bien-être dans la population. Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons de le justifier au nom d'un objectif d'égalisation du temps offert aux individus pour réaliser leurs plans de vie, conformément à la théorie de la justice comme équité de Rawls. Enfin, nous proposons de le justifier au nom d'un objectif d'égalisation du temps offert aux individus pour accepter la mort. Ces trois arguments présentent bien sûr de nombreuses limites et nous soulignons certaines d'entre elles. L'objectif que nous poursuivons dans cet article n'est pas de convaincre de la supériorité d'un argument par rapport aux autres. Nous cherchons plutôt à contribuer aux discussions sur les critères de priorisation en santé, en explicitant ce qui pourrait justifier un des critères particuliers : celui de l'âge.
Published: 2020

30. Deepfakes & Algorithmes: Menace ou Opportunité ?

Author: Rannou, Emilie, Benichoux, Alexis, Rémi, Forgeas, Simon, Gaillard, Mary, Jérémie, Minh, Trinh, Turinici, Gabriel, Emilie, Waxin, Ekimetrics, Université de Rennes I, France Business Services Center, Consultant, NY, Université Paris Sud Orsay, CEntre de REcherches en MAthématiques de la DEcision (CEREMADE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), WE Avocats, Université de Rennes (UR), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: Les deepfakes apparaissent désormais comme un outil de manipulation dont l'impact sur la société est encore peu maîtrisé. Leur existence et utilisation soulèvent de nombreuses questions d’ordre légal et éthique. Mais, au-delà des lois et règles de gouvernance susceptibles d’être mises en place, un problème fondamental demeure, celui de l’incapacité à détecter un deepfake. Alors que la technologie évolue, il s’avère de plus en plus compliqué d’identifier un faux. Développer une connaissance européenne des outils de détection de faux et aussi de reconnaissance du vrai apparaît urgent.Face à l’ensemble de ces enjeux, le dernier rapport Praxis, Deepfakes & Algorithme, formule douze recommandations autour de quatre grand axes stratégiques : Faire de l’Europe un leader dans la lutte contre les deepfakes Renforcer la responsabilité des plateformes au niveau européen Construire un environnement réglementaire adapté à une lutte efficace contre les deepfakes Protéger les citoyens de l’impact des deepfakes
Published: 2020

31. Entretien avec Jacques Bernier et Éric Parent

Author: Bernier, Jacques, Parent, Éric, Celeux, Gilles, Université Paris-Saclay, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay, and Université Paris Sud Orsay
Subjects: statistiques bayésiennes appliquées, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], engineering, ingénierie, environnement applied bayesian statistics, hydrology, hydrologie
Abstract: National audience; Jacques Bernier was an engineer at the French Electricity Company (EDF). He pioneered a course on statistical decision at ISUP. I can witness the qualities of his course which I enjoyed when following as a former student of his. Since he retired in 1991, Jacques Bernier kept his scientific activities. He continues publishing articles in applied Bayesian statistics. He counts among the statisticians who contributed the most to the diffusion and the demonstration of the potential of a Bayesian approach in hydrology.His disciple Éric Parent belongs to the French civil corps of Bridge, Road, Water and Forest Engineers. He presently works as a Research Teacher in statistics and probabilistic modeling applied to environmental engineering at AgroParisTech. He greatly contributed to the diffusion of good Bayesian practices in engineering through the numerous applied researches he conducted.; Jacques Bernier est un ancien ingénieur EDF et il fut un pionnier de l'enseignement de la décision statistique à l'ISUP. Je témoigne de la qualité de son enseignement que j'ai jadis suivi avec plaisir. Depuis son départ à la retraite en 1991, Jacques Bernier continue à être très actif scientifiquement et à publier des articles de recherche en statistique bayésienne appliquée. Il est l'un des scientifiques qui aura le plus contribué à la diffusion et à la démonstration du potentiel de l'approche bayésienne en hydrologie. Son compère et disciple, Éric Parent, est ingénieur des Ponts, des Eaux et des Forêts. Il travaille aujourd'hui comme enseignant-chercheur en statistiques appliquées et en modélisation probabiliste pour l'ingénierie environnementale à AgroParisTech. Il a fait énormément pour la pénétration de bonnes pratiques bayésiennes en ingéniérie par les nombreuses recherches appliquées qu'il orchestre.
Published: 2020

32. Electron glass effects in amorphous NbSi films

Author: Thierry Grenet, Julien Delahaye, L. Dumoulin, Claire A. Marrache-Kikuchi, L. Bergé, V. Humbert, Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2020-....] (Grenoble INP [2020-....]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....] (UGA [2020-....])-Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....] (UGA [2020-....])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magnétisme et Supraconductivité (MagSup), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Université Paris Sud Orsay
Subjects: Materials science, Oxide, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Field effect, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Thin film, 010306 general physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed matter physics, Logarithmic growth, Conductance, Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn), Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, lcsh:QC1-999, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Amorphous solid, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, lcsh:Physics, Indium
Abstract: We report on non equilibrium field effect in insulating amorphous NbSi thin films having different Nb contents and thicknesses. The hallmark of an electron glass, namely the logarithmic growth of a memory dip in conductance versus gate voltage curves, is observed in all the films after a cooling from room temperature to 4.2 K. A very rich phenomenology is demonstrated. While the memory dip width is found to strongly vary with the film parameters, as was also observed in amorphous indium oxide films, screening lengths and temperature dependence of the dynamics are closer to what is observed in granular Al films. Our results demonstrate that the differentiation between continuous and discontinuous systems is not relevant to understand the discrepancies reported between various systems in the electron glass features. We suggest instead that they are not of fundamental nature and stem from differences in the protocols used and in the electrical inhomogeneity length scales within each material., Comment: Submission SciPost
Published: 2020

33. Ecological association between residential natural background radiation exposure and the incidence rate of childhood central nervous system tumors in France, 2000–2012

Author: Brigitte Lacour, Denis Hémon, Justine Berlivet, Stéphanie Goujon, Géraldine Ielsch, Jacqueline Clavel, Sandra Guissou, Dominique Laurier, Enora Clero, INSERM, INSERM-U170, Université Paris-Sud Orsay, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (UP11), Laboratoire d épidémiologie des rayonnements ionisants (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LEPID), Service de recherche sur les effets biologiques et Sanitaires des rayonnements ionisants (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SESANE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Bureau d'étude et d'expertise du radon (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN/BERAD), Service d'expertise et d'étude en radioprotection des populations et de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumors, The study was supported by the ‘Institut National du Cancer’, ‘Santé Publique France’, ‘Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du travail’ (ANSES), ‘Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Investment for the future’ (ANR-10-COHO-0009 grant for HOPE-EPI)., ANR-10-COHO-0009,HOPE-EPI,HOPE-Epidémiologie – Recherche épidémiologique en Hémato-Oncologie Pediatrique(2010), ATHENA, Irsn, Cohortes - HOPE-Epidémiologie – Recherche épidémiologique en Hémato-Oncologie Pediatrique - - HOPE-EPI2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0009 - COHO - VALID, PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LEPID, PSE-ENV/SEREN/BERAD, and PSE-SANTE/SESANE
Subjects: Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, Rate ratio, 01 natural sciences, Ionizing radiation, Central Nervous System Neoplasms, symbols.namesake, Radiation Monitoring, Environmental Chemistry, Medicine, Background Radiation, Humans, Poisson regression, Risk factor, Child, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Exposure assessment, business.industry, Ecology, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Ecological study, General Medicine, Exploratory analysis, Pollution, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Radon, symbols, France, business
Abstract: Background High-dose ionizing radiation is an established risk factor for childhood central nervous system tumors (CNST) but the role of low doses remains debated. In particular, there are few studies of natural background radiation (NBR, gamma radiation and radon) and childhood CNST, and their results are inconclusive. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the ecological association between NBR exposure and childhood CNST incidence in France, considering childhood CNST overall and by subgroups. Methods Incidence data were provided by the French national registry of childhood cancers, which has high completeness. We included 5471 childhood CNST cases registered over the period 2000-2012, and their municipality of residence at diagnosis was recorded. Municipality NBR exposures were estimated by cokriging models, using NBR measurements and additional geographic data. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) per unit variation of exposure was estimated with Poisson regression models. NBR exposures were considered at the time of diagnosis, and cumulatively from birth to diagnosis. In an exploratory analysis, the total brain dose due to NBR was used. Results Overall, there was no association between NBR exposure and childhood CNST incidence (IRR = 1.03 (0.98,1.09) per 50 nSv/h for gamma radiation, and IRR = 1.02 (0,96,1.07) per 100 Bq/m3 for radon). An association was suggested between pilocytic astrocytomas and gamma radiation (IRR = 1.12 (1.00,1.24) per 50 nSv/h) but not with radon (IRR = 1.07 (0.95,1.20) per 100 Bq/m3). Upward trends for this CNST subtype were also suggested with the cumulative exposures to gamma radiation and the total brain dose. NBR exposure was not associated with other CNST subgroups (ependymomas, embryonal tumors, and gliomas other than pilocytic astrocytomas). Adjustment for socio-demographic factors did not change the findings. Conclusions Our study was based on high quality incidence data, large numbers of CNST cases, and validated models of NBR exposure assessment. Results suggest an association between gamma radiation, as a component of NBR, and pilocytic astrocytomas incidence in France.
Published: 2020

34. Évaluation HCERES de l'unité LAGEPP (Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique) : campagne d'évaluation 2019-2020

Author: LEGRAND, Jack, Agenly, Florence, Doreau, Hervé, Latifi, Abderrazak, Loubiere, Karine, Muhr, Hervé, Rapaport, Alain, Université de Nantes (UN), Université Paris Sud Orsay, CNRS Futuroscope Chasseneuil du Poitou, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS, Toulouse, France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), HCERES, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering
Published: 2020

35. Improvement of the Immunochromatographic NG-Test Carba 5 Assay for the Detection of IMP Variants Previously Undetected

Author: Saoussen Oueslati, Marine Laguide, Stéphanie Simon, Hervé Volland, Virginie Paris, Laurent Dortet, Camille Gonzalez, Thierry Naas, Maxime Laroche, Delphine Girlich, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Structure, Dynamique, Fonction Et Expression Des Beta-Lactamases À Large Spectre, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - Faculté de médecine (UP11 UFR Médecine), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (CNR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NG Biotec, French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae [Le Kremlin-Bicêtre], Bacteriology-Hygiene unit [Le Kremlin-Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), University Paris-Sud, France., ANR-10-LABX-0033,LERMIT,Research Laboratory on Drugs and Therapeutic Innovation(2010), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], detection, NDM, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, beta-Lactamases, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Enterobacterales, Bacterial Proteins, Mechanisms of Resistance, medicine, polycyclic compounds, Pharmacology (medical), OXA-48, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, Immunoassay, 0303 health sciences, Acinetobacter, 030306 microbiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, IMP, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, LFIA, 3. Good health, KPC, enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates), Infectious Diseases, VIM, CPEs, bacteria, rapid diagnostic
Abstract: International audience; Here, we evaluated the immunochromatographic assay NG-Test Carba 5v2 (NG-Biotech), with improved IMP variant detection on 31 IMP producers, representing the different branches of the IMP phylogeny, including 32 OXA-48, 19 KPC, 12 VIM, 14 NDM, and 13 multiple carbapenemase producers (CPs), 13 CPs that were not targeted, and 13 carbapenemase-negative isolates. All tested IMP variants were accurately detected without impairing detection of the other carbapenemases. Thus, NG-Test Carba 5v2 is now well adapted to countries with high IMP prevalence and to the epidemiology of CP-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, where IMPs are most frequently detected.
Published: 2019

36. A 4.5-Year Within-Patient Evolution of a Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–Producing K. pneumoniae Sequence Type 258

Author: Eric Farfour, Rémy A. Bonnin, Isabelle Rosinski-Chupin, Philippe Glaser, Agnès B Jousset, Laurent Dortet, Delphine Girlich, Hélène Frech, Thierry Naas, Gaelle Cuzon, Nicolas Cabanel, Centre National de Référence Associé de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpital Bicêtre-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure, Dynamique, Fonction Et Expression Des Beta-Lactamases À Large Spectre, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - Faculté de médecine (UP11 UFR Médecine), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (CNR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Université de Bordeaux (UB), CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain, Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], This work was supported by the Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Sud (grant number EA 7361), LabEx Laboratoire d’Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l’InnovationThérapeutique, supported by the French National Research Agency (grant number Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR]-10-LABX-33), by a project of ANR LabEx Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Joint Program Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (grant number ANR-14-JAMR-0002)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-14-JAMR-0002,DesInMBL,Structure-guided design of pan inhibitors of metallo-ß-lactamases(2014), Centre National de Référence Associé de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques [Hôpital Bicêtre AP-HP] (CNRARA/Service de Microbiologie), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Fatal Outcome, Klebsiella pneumoniae, MESH: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Respiratory chain, MESH: beta-Lactamases, Bacteremia, Drug resistance, phylogeny, Fatal Outcome, carrier, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, polycyclic compounds, Medicine, MESH: Bacteremia, MESH: Bacterial Proteins, MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests, biology, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, within-host evolution, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, MESH: Klebsiella Infections, Infectious Diseases, NGS, Carrier State, MESH: Equipment Contamination, MESH: Carrier State, MESH: Whole Genome Sequencing, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), MESH: Mutation, 030106 microbiology, Virulence, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, MESH: Biofilms, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, beta-Lactamases, MESH: Endoscopy, MESH: Fimbriae, Bacterial, Microbiology, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Bacterial Proteins, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, MESH: Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, MESH: Humans, Whole Genome Sequencing, Colistin, business.industry, Endoscopy, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, MESH: Colistin, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Klebsiella Infections, KPC, Carriage, Biofilms, Fimbriae, Bacterial, Mutation, Equipment Contamination, business
Abstract: International audience; Background. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) has emerged globally over the last decade as a major nosocomial pathogen that threatens patient care. These highly resistant bacteria are mostly associated with a single Kp clonal group, CG258, but the reasons for its host and hospital adaptation remain largely unknown. Methods. We analyzed the in vivo evolution of a colistin-resistant KPC-Kp CG258 strain that contaminated a patient following an endoscopy and was responsible for a fatal bacteremia 4.5 years later. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 17 KPC-Kp isolates from this patient; single-nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed and their implication in antimicrobial resistance and bacterial host adaptation investigated. Results. The patient KPC-Kp strain diversified over 4.5 years at a rate of 7.5 substitutions per genome per year, resulting in broad phenotypic modifications. After 2 years of carriage, all isolates restored susceptibility to colistin. Higher expression of the fimbriae conferred the ability to produce more biofilm, and the isolate responsible for a bacteremia grew in human serum. The convergent mutations occurring in specific pathways, such as the respiratory chain and the cell envelope, revealed a complex long-term adaptation of KPC-Kp. Conclusions. Broad genomic and phenotypic diversification and the parallel selection of pathoadaptive mutations might contribute to long-term carriage and virulence of KPC-Kp CG258 strains and to the dissemination of this clone.
Published: 2018

37. The Hybridity of Partition Novels in English: Reshaping National Identities in Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines and Kamila Shamsie’s Burnt Shadows

Author: Sandrine Soukaï, Voix Anglophones : Littérature et Esthétique (VALE), Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université Paris Sud Orsay
Subjects: trauma studies, History, [SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, 0507 social and economic geography, Indian literatures, 050701 cultural studies, Hybridity, National Identities, Water Science and Technology, media_common, Literature, memory studies, business.industry, 05 social sciences, 06 humanities and the arts, 060202 literary studies, Indian Partition, Indian subcontinent, Homogeneous, Multiculturalism, 0602 languages and literature, National identity, Partition (politics), South Asian literatures, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SHS.GENRE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Gender studies, business
Abstract: International audience; The 1947 Partition led to the division of the Indian subcontinent along religious lines and the creation of seemingly homogeneous Indian and Pakistani national identities. Yet such clear-cut national imaginings have long been questioned, notably in the Indian novel in English. By incorporating tropes and forms from traditional Indian literatures into their novels, Amitav Ghosh and Kamila Shamsie give the genre a hybrid texture that shapes their multicultural understanding of national identity.
Published: 2018

38. Approximate Prediction-Based Control Method for Nonlinear Oscillatory Systems with Applications to Chaotic Systems

Author: Thiago Pereira das Chagas, Pierre-Alexandre Bliman, Karl Heinz Kienitz, Universidade Estadual De Santa Cruz [Brazil] (UESC), Fundacao Getulio Vargas [Rio de Janeiro] (FGV), Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications (MAMBA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica [São José dos Campos] (ITA), and This project has been funded by CAPES-COFECUB (project Ma 624/09), FAPESP (grant 2011/17610-0) and Université Paris-Sud Orsay.
Subjects: Work (thermodynamics), Article Subject, Computer science, Free system, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QA75.5-76.95, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computer Science Applications, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Nonlinear system, lcsh:TA1-2040, Control theory, Chaotic systems, Robustness (computer science), Modeling and Simulation, 0103 physical sciences, Periodic orbits, lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 010306 general physics, Control methods
Abstract: International audience; The approximate Prediction-Based Control method (aPBC) is the continuous-time version of the well-known Prediction-Based Chaos Control method applied to stabilize periodic orbits of nonlinear dynamical systems. The method is based on estimating future states of the free system response of continuous-time systems using the solution from the Runge-Kutta implicit method in real-time. Some aspects of aPBC are evaluated in the present work, particularly, its robustness to low future states estimation precision is exemplified.
Published: 2018

39. Long-lasting successful dissemination of resistance to oxazolidinones in MDR Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates in a tertiary care hospital in France

Author: Dilek Imanci, Delphine Girlich, Philippe Glaser, Philippe Ichai, Laurent Dortet, Rémy A. Bonnin, M Boudon, Elodie Creton, Nicolas Fortineau, Najiby Kassis-Chikhani, Didier Samuel, Thierry Naas, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Centre National de Référence Associé de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques [Hôpital Bicêtre AP-HP] (CNRARA/Service de Microbiologie), Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Hôpital de Bicêtre, CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse, Structure, Dynamique, Fonction Et Expression Des Beta-Lactamases À Large Spectre, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - Faculté de médecine (UP11 UFR Médecine), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (CNR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre Hépato-Biliaire [Hôpital Paul Brousse] (CHB), Hôpital Paul Brousse-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Physiopathologie et traitement des maladies du foie, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Génétique Moléculaire Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie [CHU Bicêtre], This work was supported by the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, a grant from the Universite´ Paris Sud (EA 7361), the LabEx LERMIT supported by a grant from the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-LABX-33) and the LabEx IBEID., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011), Centre National de Référence Associé de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de bactériologie-virologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Drug resistance, Disease Outbreaks, Tertiary Care Centers, chemistry.chemical_compound, Plasmid, Staphylococcus epidermidis, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 1108 Medical Microbiology, Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Original Research, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Broth microdilution, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, Antimicrobial, MESH: RNA, Ribosomal, 23S, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, RNA, Ribosomal, 23S, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, MESH: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacteria, Female, France, 0605 Microbiology, Microbiology (medical), Modern medicine, MESH: Staphylococcus epidermidis, 030106 microbiology, MESH: Linezolid, MESH: Staphylococcal Infections, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, MESH: Methyltransferases, Humans, Etest, Pharmacology, MESH: Tertiary Care Centers, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Linezolid, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Methyltransferases, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, MESH: France, chemistry, 1115 Pharmacology And Pharmaceutical Sciences, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: Patient-and procedure-related changes in modern medicine have turned CoNS into one of the major nosocomial pathogens. Treatments of CoNS infections are challenging owing to the large proportion of MDR strains and oxazolidinones often remain the last active antimicrobial molecules. Here, we have investigated a long-lasting outbreak (2010-13) due to methicillin-and linezolid-resistant (LR) CoNS (n " 168), involving 72 carriers and 49 infected patients. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested by the disc diffusion method and MICs were determined by broth microdilution or Etest. The clonal relationship of LR Staphylococcus epidermidis (LRSE) was first determined using a semi-automated repetitive element palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) method. Then, WGS was performed on all cfr-positive LRSE (n " 30) and LRSE isolates representative of each rep-PCR-defined clone (n " 17). Self-transferability of cfr-carrying plasmids was analysed by filter-mating experiments. Results: This outbreak was caused by the dissemination of three clones (ST2, ST5 and ST22) of LRSE. In these clones, linezolid resistance was caused by (i) mutations in the chromosome-located genes encoding the 23S RNA and L3 and L4 ribosomal proteins, but also by (ii) the dissemination of two different self-conjugative plasmids carrying the cfr gene encoding a 23S RNA methylase. By monitoring linezolid prescriptions in two neighbouring hospitals, we highlighted that the spread of LR-CoNS was strongly associated with linezolid use. Conclusions: Physicians should be aware that plasmid-encoded linezolid resistance has started to disseminate among CoNS and that rational use of oxazolidinones is critical to preserve these molecules as efficient treatment options for MDR Gram-positive pathogens.
Published: 2017

40. Quelques résultats d'analyse et de probabilités autour du laplacien de Witten

Author: Le Peutrec, Dorian, Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LM-Orsay), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud Orsay, Bernard Helffer, and Le Peutrec, Dorian
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-PR] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Overdamped Langevin dynamics, Théorie spectrale, Brascamp-Lieb's inequality, [MATH] Mathematics [math], Analyse semi-classique, [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], [MATH.MATH-SP] Mathematics [math]/Spectral Theory [math.SP], Dynamique de Langevin sur-amortie, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Semiclassical Analysis, [MATH.MATH-AP] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [MATH.MATH-MP] Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], Evènement de sortie, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Witten Laplacians, Inégalité de Brascamp-Lieb, Laplaciens de Witten, Exit event, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Spectral Theory, [MATH.MATH-DG]Mathematics [math]/Differential Geometry [math.DG], Formules d'Eyring-Kramers, Eyring-Kramers formulas, [MATH.MATH-DG] Mathematics [math]/Differential Geometry [math.DG], [MATH.MATH-SP]Mathematics [math]/Spectral Theory [math.SP]
Published: 2019

41. A Putative Type V Pilus Contributes to Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Biofilm Formation Capacity

Author: Philippe Langella, Christophe Beloin, Florian Chain, Christa Ivanova, Jovana Mihajlovic, Alexandre Almeida, Jean-Marc Ghigo, Nathalie Béchon, Génétique des Biofilms, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), École Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité [Paris] (ED562 - BioSPC), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Interactions des Bactéries Commensales et Probiotiques avec l'Hôte (Probihôte), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by an Institut Pasteur grant, by the French government’s Investissement d’Avenir Program, Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (grant no. ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), and by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (grant no. DEQ20180339185 Equipe FRM 2018). J. Mihajlovic was supported by the Pasteur Paris University International Doctoral Program and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (grant no. FDT20160435523)., We thank Andy Goodman and Justin Sonnenburg for generously providing plasmids and strains used as genetic tools in this study, Marie-Cécile Ploy and Luc Dubreuil for providing B. thetaiotaomicron strains, and Bruno Dupuy and Isabelle Martin-Verstraete for their help and advice regarding the handling of anaerobic bacteria., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris], École Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité [Paris] (ED BioSPC), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université de Paris (UP), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Mutant, digestive system, Microbiology, Bacterial Adhesion, biofilm, Pilus, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, fluids and secretions, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Mice, Inbred C3H, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Biofilm, Bacteroidetes, type V pili, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, symbiont, Bacterial adhesin, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, adhesion, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Biofilms, Fimbriae, Bacterial, commensal, gut, bacteria, Transposon mutagenesis, Bacteria, Meeting Presentation
Abstract: International audience; Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a prominent anaerobic member of the healthy human gut microbiota. While the majority of functional studies on B. thetaiotaomicron addressed its impact on the immune system and the utilization of diet polysaccharides, B. thetaiotaomicron biofilm capacity and its contribution to intestinal colonization are still poorly characterized. We tested the natural adhesion of 34 B. thetaiotaomicron isolates and showed that although biofilm capacity is widespread among B. thetaiotaomicron strains, this phenotype is masked or repressed in the widely used reference strain VPI 5482. Using transposon mutagenesis followed by a biofilm positive-selection procedure, we identified VPI 5482 mutants with increased biofilm capacity corresponding to an alteration in the C-terminal region of BT3147, encoded by the BT3148-BT3147 locus, which displays homology with Mfa-like type V pili found in many Bacteroidetes We show that BT3147 is exposed on the B. thetaiotaomicron surface and that BT3147-dependent adhesion also requires BT3148, suggesting that BT3148 and BT3147 correspond to the anchor and stalk subunits of a new type V pilus involved in B. thetaiotaomicron adhesion. This study therefore introduces B. thetaiotaomicron as a model to study proteinaceous adhesins and biofilm-related phenotypes in this important intestinal symbiont.IMPORTANCE Although the gut anaerobe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a prominent member of the healthy human gut microbiota, little is known about its capacity to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms. Here, we identify that alteration of a surface-exposed protein corresponding to a type of pili found in many Bacteroidetes increases B. thetaiotaomicron biofilm formation. This study lays the ground for establishing this bacterium as a model organism for in vitro and in vivo studies of biofilm-related phenotypes in gut anaerobes.
Published: 2019

42. Antibiotic resistance: turning evolutionary principles into clinical reality

Author: Uri Gophna, Fernando Baquero, Nathalie Q. Balaban, Roy Kishony, Dan I. Andersson, Søren Molin, Patrice Courvalin, Philippe Glaser, Tone Tønjum, Uppsala University, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria [Madrid, Spain] (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Centre national de Référence Résistance aux Antibiotiques (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Technion - Israel Institute of Technology [Haifa], Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], This work was funded by the European Academy of Microbiology and FEMS., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tel Aviv University (TAU), and Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
Subjects: Modern medicine, antibiotic resistance, Population level, media_common.quotation_subject, Ecology (disciplines), Resistance (psychoanalysis), Biology, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Microbiology, rapid diagnostics, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, prevention, evolution, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Animals, Humans, Health policy, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, transmission, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Bacterial Infections, Clinical reality, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, new therapy, Engineering ethics, Psychological resilience, Preventive Medicine
Abstract: International audience; One sentence summary: Here, we attempt to consolidate current knowledge in evolution and ecology of antibiotic resistance into a roadmap for future research as well as clinical and environmental control of antibiotic resistance. Editor: Ehud Banin † Uri Gophna, http://orcid.org/0000 ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance is one of the major challenges facing modern medicine worldwide. The past few decades have witnessed rapid progress in our understanding of the multiple factors that affect the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance at the population level and the level of the individual patient. However, the process of translating this progress into health policy and clinical practice has been slow. Here, we attempt to consolidate current knowledge about the evolution and ecology of antibiotic resistance into a roadmap for future research as well as clinical and environmental control of antibiotic resistance. At the population level, we examine emergence, transmission and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, and at the patient level, we examine adaptation involving bacterial physiology and host resilience. Finally, we describe new approaches and technologies for improving diagnosis and treatment and minimizing the spread of resistance.
Published: 2019

43. An autocrine ActivinB mechanism drives TGFβ/Activin signaling in Group 3 medulloblastoma

Author: Alessandro Raso, Alain Eychène, Antoine Forget, Michael D. Taylor, Morgane Morabito, Magalie Larcher, Franck Bourdeaut, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Liliana Mirabal-Ortega, Olivier Delattre, Chloe Foray, Abel Debalkew, François Doz, Julien Masliah-Planchon, Sophie Leboucher, Celio Pouponnot, Alexandra Garancher, Mamy Andrianteranagna, Stéphanie Puget, Sabine Druillennec, Olivier Ayrault, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology [Montréal], McGill University, Signalisation normale et pathologique de l'embryon aux thérapies innovante des cancers, Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Bioinformatique (CBIO), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Cancer et génôme: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), PSL Research University (PSL), Institut Curie, Université Paris Sud Orsay, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Signalisation cellulaire et neurobiologie (SNC), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Signalisation normale et pathologique de l'embryon aux thérapies innovantes des cancers, Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, Institut Curie [Paris]-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Curie [Paris], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cerebellum, Medicine (General), medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Apoptosis, Smad2 Protein, QH426-470, 0302 clinical medicine, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Phosphorylation, Receptor, Cancer, Inhibin-beta Subunits, activin, Articles, 3. Good health, Tumor Burden, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Autocrine Communication, medicine.anatomical_structure, TGFbeta, Quinolines, Molecular Medicine, Female, Signal Transduction, Mice, Nude, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Antineoplastic Agents, medulloblastoma, Article, TGFbeta Subject Category Cancer, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, 03 medical and health sciences, R5-920, Transforming Growth Factor beta3, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Genetics, Galunisertib, Animals, Humans, Smad3 Protein, Autocrine signalling, Cerebellar Neoplasms, Cell Proliferation, Medulloblastoma, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Mechanism (biology), Membrane Proteins, medicine.disease, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Radiation therapy, 030104 developmental biology, Cancer research, Pyrazoles, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Smad2, Smad3
Abstract: International audience; Medulloblastoma (MB) is a pediatric tumor of the cerebellum divided into four groups. Group 3 is of bad prognosis and remains poorly characterized. While the current treatment involving surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy often fails, no alternative therapy is yet available. Few recurrent genomic alterations that can be therapeutically targeted have been identified. Amplifications of receptors of the TGFb/Activin pathway occur at very low frequency in Group 3 MB. However, neither their functional relevance nor activation of the downstream signaling pathway has been studied. We showed that this pathway is activated in Group 3 MB with some samples showing a very strong activation. Beside genetic alterations, we demonstrated that an ActivinB autocrine stimulation is responsible for pathway activation in a subset of Group 3 MB characterized by high PMEPA1 levels. Importantly, Galunisertib, a kinase inhibitor of the cognate receptors currently tested in clinical trials for Glioblastoma patients, showed efficacy on orthotopically grafted MB-PDX. Our data demonstrate that the TGFb/Activin pathway is active in a subset of Group 3 MB and can be therapeutically targeted.
Published: 2019

44. Spin-orbit interaction induced in graphene by transition metal dichalcogenides

Author: Alan T. Johnson, S. Guéron, Taro Wakamura, Cecilia Mattevi, Meng-Qiang Zhao, Abdelkarim Ouerghi, Hélène Bouchiat, Pawel Palczynski, Francesco Reale, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris Sud Orsay, Imperial College London, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N (UMR_9001)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), and The Royal Society
Subjects: Materials science, Fluids & Plasmas, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Type (model theory), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Transition metal, law, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Spin relaxation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], 02 Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Graphene, Scattering, Spin–orbit interaction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, 03 Chemical Sciences, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: We report a systematic study on strong enhancement of spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in graphene driven by transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Low temperature magnetotoransport measurements of graphene proximitized to different TMDs (monolayer and bulk WSe$_2$, WS$_2$ and monolayer MoS$_2$) all exhibit weak antilocalization peaks, a signature of strong SOI induced in graphene. The amplitudes of the induced SOI are different for different materials and thickness, and we find that monolayer WSe$_2$ and WS$_2$ can induce much stronger SOI than bulk ones and also monolayer MoS$_2$. The estimated spin-orbit (SO) scattering strength for the former reaches $\sim$ 10 meV whereas for the latter it is around 1 meV or less. We also discuss the symmetry and type of the induced SOI in detail, especially focusing on the identification of intrinsic and valley-Zeeman (VZ) SOI via the dominant spin relaxation mechanism. Our findings offer insight on the possible realization of the quantum spin Hall (QSH) state in graphene., 14 pages, 10 figures and 3 tables
Published: 2019

45. Preterm premature rupture of the membranes: Guidelines for clinical practice from the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF)

Author: Elsa Lorthe, Caroline Charlier, Loïc Sentilhes, Gilles Kayem, Charles Garabedian, Thomas Schmitz, Elie Azria, V. Tessier, Gael Beucher, Hugo Madar, Denis Gallot, Pierre Delorme, Muriel Doret-Dion, Marie-Victoire Senat, Charles Cazanave, AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Equipe 1 : EPOPé - Épidémiologie Obstétricale, Périnatale et Pédiatrique (CRESS - U1153), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Pôle d'Obstétrique Reproduction Gynécologie Centre Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France., ISPUP-EPIUnit [Porto, Portugal], Universidade do Porto, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Retinoids, Development and Developmental Diseases (R2D2), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant [CHU - HCL] (HFME), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Université de Paris - UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales [Sciences], Université de Paris (UP), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), USC EA3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales A [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Maternité Port-Royal [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Environnement périnatal et croissance - EA 4489 (EPS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hôpital Jeanne de Flandres, Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Maternité Notre-Dame de Bon Secours [Paris], Centre hospitalier Saint-Joseph [Paris], Collège National des Sages Femmes, Partenaires INRAE, Université Paris Sud Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique [AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales [Sciences] - Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris Cité - UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales [Sciences], and CCSD, Accord Elsevier
Subjects: Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture, Preterm premature rupture of the membranes, Prom, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Pregnancy, Pregnancy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, [SDV.BDLR.RS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Obstetrics, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gestational age, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, MESH: Contraindications, Procedure, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Female, France, medicine.symptom, medicine.drug, Antenatal corticosteroids, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture, Asymptomatic, [SDV.BDLR.RS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction, Contraindications, Procedure, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Premature rupture of the membranes before fetal viability, MESH: Antibiotic Prophylaxis, medicine, Humans, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Fetal Viability, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Clindamycin, Amoxicillin, medicine.disease, Delivery, Obstetric, MESH: France, Neonatal infection, Reproductive Medicine, MESH: Delivery, Obstetric, business, Induction of labor, MESH: Female, MESH: Fetal Viability
Abstract: International audience; In France, the frequency of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is 2%-3% before 37 weeks' gestation (level of evidence [LE] 2) and less than 1% before 34 weeks (LE2). Preterm delivery and intrauterine infection are the major complications of preterm PROM (PPROM) (LE2). Prolongation of the latency period is beneficial (LE2). Compared with other causes of preterm delivery, PPROM is associated with a clear excess risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality only in cases of intrauterine infection, which is linked to higher rates of in utero fetal death (LE3), early neonatal infection (LE2), and necrotizing enterocolitis (LE2). The diagnosis of PPROM is principally clinical (professional consensus). Tests to detect IGFBP-1 or PAMG-1 are recommended in cases of uncertainty (professional consensus). Hospitalization is recommended for women diagnosed with PPROM (professional consensus). Adequate evidence does not exist to support recommendations for or against initial tocolysis (Grade C). If tocolysis is prescribed, it should not continue longer than 48 h (Grade C). The administration of antenatal corticosteroids is recommended for fetuses with a gestational age less than 34 weeks (Grade A) and magnesium sulfate if delivery is imminent before 32 weeks (Grade A). The prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis at admission is recommended (Grade A) to reduce neonatal and maternal morbidity (LE1). Amoxicillin, third-generation cephalosporins, and erythromycin (professional consensus) can each be used individually or eythromycin and amoxicillin can be combined (professional consensus) for a period of 7 days (Grade C). Nonetheless, it is acceptable to stop antibiotic prophylaxis when the initial vaginal sample is negative (professional consensus). The following are not recommended for antibiotic prophylaxis: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (professional consensus), aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, first- or second-generation cephalosporins, clindamycin, or metronidazole (professional consensus). Women who are clinically stable after at least 48 h of hospital monitoring can be managed at home (professional consensus). Monitoring should include checking for clinical and laboratory factors suggestive of intrauterine infection (professional consensus). No guidelines can be issued about the frequency of this monitoring (professional consensus). Adequate evidence does not exist to support a recommendation for or against the routine initiation of antibiotic therapy when the monitoring of an asymptomatic woman produces a single isolated positive result (e.g., elevated CRP, or hyperleukocytosis, or a positive vaginal sample) (professional consensus). In cases of intrauterine infection, the immediate intravenous administration (Grade B) of antibiotic therapy combining a beta-lactam with an aminoglycoside (Grade B) and early delivery of the child are both recommended (Grade A). Cesarean delivery of women with intrauterine infections is reserved for the standard obstetric indications (professional consensus). Expectant management is recommended for uncomplicated PROM before 37 weeks (Grade A), even when a sample is positive for Streptococcus B, as long as antibiotic prophylaxis begins at admission (professional consensus). Oxytocin and prostaglandins are two possible options for the induction of labor in women with PPROM (professional consensus).
Published: 2019

46. Evidence for widespread hydrated minerals on asteroid (101955) Bennu

Author: Hamilton, VE, Simon, AA, Christensen, PR, Reuter, DC, Clark, BE, Barucci, MA, Bowles, NE, Boynton, WV, Brucato, JR, Cloutis, EA, Jr, CHC, Hannah, KLD, Emery, JP, Enos, HL, Fornasier, S, Haberle, CW, Hanna, RD, Howell, ES, Kaplan, HH, Keller, LP, Lantz, C, Li, J-Y, Lim, LF, McCoy, TJ, Merlins, F, Nolan, MC, Praet, A, Rozitis, B, Sandford, SA, Schrader, DL, Thomas, CA, Zou, X-D, Lauretta, DS, Highsmith, DE, Small, J, Vokrouhlicky, D, Brown, E, Warren, T, Brunet, C, Chicoine, RA, Desjardins, S, Gaudreau, D, Haltigin, T, Millington-Veloza, S, Rubi, A, Aponte, J, Gorius, N, Lunsford, A, Allen, B, Grindlay, J, Guevel, D, Hoak, D, Hong, J, Bayron, J, Golubov, O, Sanchez, P, Stromberg, J, Hirabayashi, M, Hartzell, CM, Oliver, S, Rascon, M, Harch, A, Joseph, J, Squyres, S, Richardson, D, McGraw, L, Ghent, R, Binzel, RP, Al Asad, MM, Johnson, CL, Philpott, L, Susorney, HCM, Ciceri, F, Hildebrand, AR, Ibrahim, E-M, Breitenfeld, L, Glotch, T, Rogers, AD, Ferrone, S, Campins, H, Fernandez, Y, Chang, W, Cheuvront, A, Trang, D, Tachibana, S, Yurimoto, H, Poggiali, G, Pajola, M, Dotto, E, Epifani, EM, Crombie, MK, Izawa, MRM, De Leon, J, Licandro, J, Garcia, JLR, Clemett, S, Thomas-Keprta, K, Van Wal, S, Yoshikawa, M, Bellerose, J, Bhaskaran, S, Boyles, C, Chesley, SR, Elder, CM, Farnocchia, D, Harbison, A, Kennedy, B, Knight, A, Martinez-Vlasoff, N, Mastrodemos, N, McElrath, T, Owen, W, Park, R, Rush, B, Swanson, L, Takahashi, Y, Velez, D, Yetter, K, Thayer, C, Adam, C, Antreasian, P, Bauman, J, Bryan, C, Carcich, B, Corvin, M, Geeraert, J, Hoffman, J, Leonard, JM, Lessac-Chenen, E, Levine, A, McAdams, J, McCarthy, L, Nelson, D, Page, B, Pelgrift, J, Sahr, E, Stakkestad, K, Stanbridge, D, Wibben, D, Williams, B, Williams, K, Wolff, P, Hayne, P, Kubitschek, D, Deshapriya, JDP, Fulchignoni, M, Hasselmann, P, Merlin, F, Bierhaus, EB, Billett, O, Boggs, A, Buck, B, Carlson-Kelly, S, Cerna, J, Chaffin, K, Church, E, Coltrin, M, Daly, J, Deguzman, A, Dubisher, R, Eckart, D, Ellis, D, Falkenstern, P, Fisher, A, Fisher, ME, Fleming, P, Fortney, K, Francis, S, Freund, S, Gonzales, S, Haas, P, Hasten, A, Hauf, D, Hilbert, A, Howell, D, Jaen, F, Jayakody, N, Jenkins, M, Johnson, K, Lefevre, M, Ma, H, Mario, C, Martin, K, May, C, McGee, M, Miller, B, Miller, C, Miller, G, Mirfakhrai, A, Muhle, E, Norman, C, Olds, R, Parish, C, Ryle, M, Schmitzer, M, Sherman, P, Skeen, M, Susak, M, Sutter, B, Tran, Q, Welch, C, Witherspoon, R, Wood, J, Zareski, J, Arvizu-Jakubicki, M, Asphaug, E, Audi, E, Ballouz, R-L, Bandrowski, R, Becker, KJ, Becker, TL, Bendall, S, Bennett, CA, Bloomenthal, H, Blum, D, Brodbeck, J, Burke, KN, Chojnacki, M, Colpo, A, Contreras, J, Cutts, J, D'Aubigny, CYD, Dean, D, Dellagiustina, DN, Diallo, B, Drinnon, D, Drozd, K, Enos, R, Fellows, C, Ferro, T, Fisher, MR, Fitzgibbon, G, Fitzgibbon, M, Forelli, J, Forrester, T, Galinsky, I, Garcia, R, Gardner, A, Golish, DR, Habib, N, Hamara, D, Hammond, D, Hanley, K, Harshman, K, Hergenrother, CW, Herzog, K, Hill, D, Hoekenga, C, Hooven, S, Huettner, E, Janakus, A, Jones, J, Kareta, TR, Kidd, J, Kingsbury, K, Balram-Knutson, SS, Koelbel, L, Kreiner, J, Lambert, D, Lewin, C, Lovelace, B, Loveridge, M, Lujan, M, Maleszewski, CK, Malhotra, R, Marchese, K, McDonough, E, Mogk, N, Morrison, V, Morton, E, Munoz, R, Nelson, J, Padilla, J, Pennington, R, Polit, A, Ramos, N, Reddy, V, Riehl, M, Rizk, B, Roper, HL, Salazar, S, Schwartz, SR, Selznick, S, Shultz, N, Smith, PH, Stewart, S, Sutton, S, Swindle, T, Tang, YH, Westermann, M, Wolner, CWV, Worden, D, Zega, T, Zeszut, Z, Bjurstrom, A, Bloomquist, L, Dickinson, C, Keates, E, Liang, J, Nifo, V, Taylor, A, Teti, F, Caplinger, M, Bowles, H, Carter, S, Dickenshied, S, Doerres, D, Fisher, T, Hagee, W, Hill, J, Miner, M, Noss, D, Piacentine, N, Smith, M, Toland, A, Wren, P, Bernacki, M, Munoz, DP, Watanabe, S-I, Aqueche, A, Ashman, B, Barker, M, Bartels, A, Berry, K, Bos, B, Burns, R, Calloway, A, Carpenter, R, Castro, N, Cosentino, R, Donaldson, J, Dworkin, JP, Cook, JE, Emr, C, Everett, D, Fennell, D, Fleshman, K, Folta, D, Gallagher, D, Garvin, J, Getzandanner, K, Glavin, D, Hull, S, Hyde, K, Ido, H, Ingegneri, A, Jones, N, Kaotira, P, Liounis, A, Lorentson, C, Lorenz, D, Lyzhoft, J, Mazarico, EM, Mink, R, Moore, W, Moreau, M, Mullen, S, Nagy, J, Neumann, G, Nuth, J, Poland, D, Rhoads, L, Rieger, S, Rowlands, D, Sallitt, D, Scroggins, A, Shaw, G, Swenson, J, Vasudeva, P, Wasser, M, Zellar, R, Grossman, J, Johnston, G, Morris, M, Wendel, J, Burton, A, McNamara, L, Messenger, S, Nakamura-Messenger, K, Nguyen, A, Righter, K, Queen, E, Bellamy, K, Dill, K, Gardner, S, Giuntini, M, Key, B, Kissell, J, Patterson, D, Vaughan, D, Wright, B, Gaskell, RW, Le Corre, L, Molaro, JL, Palmer, EE, Siegler, MA, Tricarico, P, Weirich, JR, Ireland, T, Tait, K, Bland, P, Anwar, S, Bojorquez-Murphy, N, Mehall, G, Rios, K, Franchi, I, Beddingfield, CB, Marshall, J, Brack, DN, French, AS, McMahon, JW, Scheeres, DJ, Jawin, ER, Russell, S, Killgore, M, Bottke, WF, Walsh, KJ, Bandfield, JL, Clark, BC, Chodas, M, Lambert, M, Masterson, RA, Daly, MG, Freemantle, J, Seabrook, JA, Barnouin, OS, Craft, K, Daly, RT, Ernst, C, Espiritu, RC, Holdridge, M, Jones, M, Nair, AH, Nguyen, L, Peachey, J, Perry, ME, Plescia, J, Roberts, JH, Steele, R, Turner, R, Backer, J, Edmundson, K, Mapel, J, Milazzo, M, Sides, S, Manzoni, C, May, B, Delbo, M, Libourel, G, Michel, P, Ryan, A, Thuillet, F, Marty, B, Team, O-R, Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Ithaca College, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Department of Geography [Winnipeg], University of Winnipeg, Department of Physics, Rowan University, Glassboro, Rowan University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], The Swiss Light Source (SLS) (SLS-PSI), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), NASA Ames Research Center Cooperative for Research in Earth Science in Technology (ARC-CREST), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Center for Meteorite Studies [Tempe], Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Sud Orsay, and MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris
Subjects: Mineral hydration, Thermal infrared, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comets and Kuiper belt, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mineralogy, 01 natural sciences, Article, Asteroids, Astrobiology, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Asteroid, Chondrite, Meteoritics, 0103 physical sciences, Early solar system, Spectral data, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 著者人数: 33名ほか (The OSIRIS-REx Team: 所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS): Van wal, S; 吉川, 真; 渡邊, 誠一郎), Number of authors: 33 and The OSIRIS-REx Team (Affiliation. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS): Van wal, S; Yoshikawa, Makoto; Watanabe, Sei-icihro), Accepted: 2019-02-12, 資料番号: SA1190036000
Published: 2019

47. Identification of the Receptor Used by the Ecotropic Mouse GLN Endogenous Retrovirus

Author: Thierry Heidmann, Jhen Tsang, David Ribet, Marie Dewannieux, Rétrovirus endogènes et éléments rétroïdes des eucaryotes supérieurs (UMR 9196), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris Sud Orsay
Subjects: Env, Glycosylation, ERV, GLN, receptor, Immunology, Endogenous retrovirus, Virus Attachment, CHO Cells, Microbiology, Host Specificity, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Reduced Folate Carrier Protein, Retrovirus, Cricetulus, Viral Envelope Proteins, endogenous retrovirus, Virology, Cricetinae, Animals, Humans, Receptor, Gene, Peptide sequence, 030304 developmental biology, Gammaretrovirus, 0303 health sciences, Genome, biology, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Gene Products, env, Provirus, biology.organism_classification, gammaretrovirus, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Solute carrier family, Virus-Cell Interactions, Rats, Mice, Inbred C57BL, HEK293 Cells, Insect Science, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Receptors, Virus, Retroviridae Infections
Abstract: Approximately 10% of the mouse genome is composed of endogenous retroviruses belonging to different families. In contrast to the situation in the human genome, several of these families correspond to recent, still-infectious elements capable of encoding complete viral particles. The mouse GLN endogenous retrovirus is one of these active families. We previously identified one fully functional provirus from the sequenced genome of the C57BL/6 mouse strain. The GLN envelope protein gives the infectious viral particles an ecotropic host range, and we had demonstrated that the receptor was neither CAT1 nor SMIT1, the two previously identified receptors for mouse ecotropic retroviral envelope proteins. In this study, we have identified SLC19A1, the reduced folate carrier, as the cellular protein used as a receptor by the GLN retrovirus. The ecotropic tropism exhibited by this envelope is due to the presence or absence of an N-linked glycosylation site in the first extracellular loop as well as the specific amino acid sequence of the extracellular domains of the receptor. Like all the other retroviral envelope proteins from the gammaretrovirus genus whose receptors have been identified, the GLN envelope protein uses a member of the solute carrier superfamily as a receptor. IMPORTANCE Endogenous retroviruses are genomic traces of past infections present in all vertebrates. Most of these elements degenerate over time and become nonfunctional, but the mouse genome still contains several families with full infection abilities. The GLN retrovirus is one of them, and its members encode particles that are able to infect only mouse cells. Here, we identified the cellular protein used as a receptor by GLN for cell entry. It is SLC19A1, the reduced folate carrier. We show that GLN infection is limited to mouse cells due to both a mutation in the mouse gene preventing the glycosylation of SLC19A1 and also other residues conserved within the rat but not in the hamster and human proteins. Like all other gammaretroviruses whose receptors have been identified, GLN uses a member of the solute carrier superfamily for cell entry, highlighting the role of these proteins for retroviral infection in mammals.
Published: 2019

48. Outils spectroscopiques pour l'étude de catalyseurs photosynthétiques naturels et artificiels

Author: Lassalle-Kaiser, Benedikt, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SOLEIL), Université Paris-Sud Orsay, Anne Bleuzen, and Lassalle, Benedikt
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Spectroscopie des rayons-X, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, X-ray spectroscopy, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.CATA] Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, Photosynthesis, Photosynthèse, [CHIM.COOR] Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry
Published: 2019

49. NEDA—NEutron Detector Array

Author: Valiente-Dobón, J. J., Jaworski, G., Goasduff, A., Egea, F. J., Modamio, V., Hüyük, T., Triossi, A., Jastrząb, M., Söderström, P. A., Di Nitto, A., de Angelis, G., de France, G., Erduran, N., Gadea, A., Moszyński, M., Nyberg, J., Palacz, M., Wadsworth, R., Aliaga, R., Aufranc, C., Bézard, M., Baulieu, G., Bissiato, E., Boujrad, A., Burrows, I., Carturan, S., Cocconi, P., Colucci, G., Conventi, D., Cordwell, M., Coudert, S., Deltoro, J. M., Ducroux, L., Dupasquier, T., Ertürk, S., Fabian, X., González, V., Grant, A., Hadyńska-Klęk, K., Illana, A., Jurado-Gomez, M. L., Kogimtzis, M., Lazarus, I., Legeard, L., Ljungvall, J., Pasqualato, G., Pérez-Vidal, R. M., Raggio, A., Ralet, D., Redon, N., Saillant, F., Sayğı, B., Sanchis, E., Scarcioffolo, M., Siciliano, M., Testov, D., Stezowski, O., Tripon, M., Zanon, I., Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Valiente-Dobón, J.J., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy -- Jaworski, G., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy -- Goasduff, A., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy -- Egea, F.J., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy, Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-Universidad deValencia, E-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain -- Modamio, V., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, N-0316, Norway -- Hüyük, T., Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-Universidad deValencia, E-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain -- Triossi, A., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy, CERN, Switzerland -- Jastrzab, M., Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland -- Söderström, P.A., Extreme Light Infrastructureuclear Physics (ELI-NP), 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania -- Di Nitto, A., Helmholtz Institute Mainz and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschund, Darmstadt, Germany -- de Angelis, G., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy -- de France, G., GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Bvd. Henri Becquerel, Caen, 14076, France -- Erduran, N., Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, 34303, Turkey -- Gadea, A., Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-Universidad deValencia, E-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain -- Moszynski, M., National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock-Swierk, Poland -- Nyberg, J., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden -- Palacz, M., Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland -- Wadsworth, R., Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom -- Aliaga, R., Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-Universidad deValencia, E-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain -- Aufranc, C., Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France -- Bézard, M., GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Bvd. Henri Becquerel, Caen, 14076, France -- Baulieu, G., Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France -- Bissiato, E., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy -- Boujrad, A., GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Bvd. Henri Becquerel, Caen, 14076, France -- Burrows, I., STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom -- Carturan, S., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy -- Cocconi, P., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy -- Colucci, G., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy -- Conventi, D., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy -- Cordwell, M., STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom -- Coudert, S., GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Bvd. Henri Becquerel, Caen, 14076, France -- Deltoro, J.M., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy -- Ducroux, L., GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Bvd. Henri Becquerel, Caen, 14076, France -- Dupasquier, T., Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France -- Ertürk, S., Department of Physics, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, 51240, Turkey -- Fabian, X., Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France -- González, V., Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Universidad de Valencia. Avda. Universidad s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Spain -- Grant, A., STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom -- Hadynska-Klek, K., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom -- Illana, A., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy -- Jurado-Gomez, M.L., Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-Universidad deValencia, E-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain -- Kogimtzis, M., STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom -- Lazarus, I., STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom -- Legeard, L., GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Bvd. Henri Becquerel, Caen, 14076, France -- Ljungvall, J., CSNSM, CNRS, IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, F-91405, France -- Pasqualato, G., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy -- Pérez-Vidal, R.M., Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-Universidad deValencia, E-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain -- Raggio, A., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy -- Ralet, D., GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Bvd. Henri Becquerel, Caen, 14076, France -- Redon, N., Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France -- Saillant, F., GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Bvd. Henri Becquerel, Caen, 14076, France -- Sayğı, B., Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ege, Izmir, 35100, Turkey -- Sanchis, E., Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Universidad de Valencia. Avda. Universidad s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Spain -- Scarcioffolo, M., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy -- Siciliano, M., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy -- Testov, D., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy -- Stezowski, O., Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France -- Tripon, M., GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Bvd. Henri Becquerel, Caen, 14076, France -- Zanon, I., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), 0-Belirlenecek, Ege Üniversitesi, Valiente-Dobón, J. J., Jaworski, G., Goasduff, A., Egea, F. J., Modamio, V., Hüyük, T., Triossi, A., Jastrząb, M., Söderström, P. A., Di Nitto, A., de Angelis, G., de France, G., Erduran, N., Gadea, A., Moszyński, M., Nyberg, J., Palacz, M., Wadsworth, R., Aliaga, R., Aufranc, C., Bézard, M., Baulieu, G., Bissiato, E., Boujrad, A., Burrows, I., Carturan, S., Cocconi, P., Colucci, G., Conventi, D., Cordwell, M., Coudert, S., Deltoro, J. M., Ducroux, L., Dupasquier, T., Ertürk, S., Fabian, X., González, V., Grant, A., Hadyńska-Klęk, K., Illana, A., Jurado-Gomez, M. L., Kogimtzis, M., Lazarus, I., Legeard, L., Ljungvall, J., Pasqualato, G., Pérez-Vidal, R. M., Raggio, A., Ralet, D., Redon, N., Saillant, F., Sayğı, B., Sanchis, E., Scarcioffolo, M., Siciliano, M., Testov, D., Stezowski, O., Tripon, M., and Zanon, I.
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Neutron-gamma discrimination, Liquid scintillator, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Neutron detector, Digital electronic, NEDA, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 16. Peace & justice, Digital electronics, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear structure, Gamma-ray spectroscopy, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract: Millan, Vicente Gonzalez/0000-0001-6014-2586; Huyuk, Tayfun/0000-0003-0597-9767; GOASDUFF, Alain/0000-0003-3453-3297; carturan, sara maria/0000-0002-6702-2867; Sison, Andres Illana/0000-0003-0274-3388; SAYGI, BAHADIR/0000-0001-5406-506X; Jaworski, Grzegorz/0000-0003-2241-0329; Aliaga, Ramon J./0000-0002-2513-7711; Vidal, Rosa Maria Perez/0000-0002-4075-4152; Di Nitto, Antonio/0000-0002-9319-366X; Lazarus, Ian/0000-0003-1235-4984; Hadynska Klek, Katarzyna/0000-0003-1244-9561; Sanchis Peris, Enrique/0000-0002-9689-9131; Moszynski, Marek/0000-0002-1267-2838; Soderstrom, Par-Anders/0000-0002-9504-2814, WOS: 000462142700010, The NEutron Detector Array, NEDA, will form the next generation neutron detection system that has been designed to be operated in conjunction with gamma-ray arrays, such as the tracking-array AGATA, to aid nuclear spectroscopy studies. NEDA has been designed to be a versatile device, with high-detection efficiency, excellent neutron-gamma discrimination, and high rate capabilities. It will be employed in physics campaigns in order to maximise the scientific output, making use of the different stable and radioactive ion beams available in Europe. the first implementation of the neutron detector array NEDA with AGATA 1 pi was realised at GANIL. This manuscript reviews the various aspects of NEDA., Swedish Research Council, SwedenSwedish Research Council [VR 2014-6644]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [117F114, 114F473]; Polish National Science Centre, Poland [2017/25/B/ST2/01569, 2016/22/M/ST2/00269 COPIN-IN2P3]; COPIGAL projects, Poland; UK STFCScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/J000124/1, ST/L005727/1, STL005735/1, ST/P003885/1]; Generalitat ValencianaGeneralitat Valenciana [PROMETEO II/2014/019, FPA2017-84756-C4]; MICIU, Spain [PROMETEO II/2014/019, FPA2017-84756-C4]; Severo Ochoa, Spain [SEV-2014-0398]; E.C. FEDER, Spain funds, This study is supported by the Swedish Research Council, Sweden (contract number VR 2014-6644), the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK Project No: 117F114 and 114F473), the Polish National Science Centre, Poland, grants nos. 2017/25/B/ST2/01569 and 2016/22/M/ST2/00269 COPIN-IN2P3 and COPIGAL projects, Poland, the UK STFC under grant nos. (ST/J000124/1, ST/L005727/1, STL005735/1, ST/P003885/1), the Generalitat Valenciana and MICIU, Spain, grants PROMETEO II/2014/019, FPA2017-84756-C4, Severo Ochoa, Spain SEV-2014-0398 and by the E.C. FEDER, Spain funds.
Published: 2019

50. Transcriptional Landscape of a bla KPC-2 Plasmid and Response to Imipenem Exposure in Escherichia coli TOP10

Author: Agnès B. Jousset, Isabelle Rosinski-Chupin, Julie Takissian, Philippe Glaser, Rémy A. Bonnin, Thierry Naas, Centre National de Référence Associé de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques [Hôpital Bicêtre AP-HP] (CNRARA/Service de Microbiologie), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques / Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure, Dynamique, Fonction Et Expression Des Beta-Lactamases À Large Spectre, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - Faculté de médecine (UP11 UFR Médecine), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (CNR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), This work was supported by the Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, by a grant from the Université Paris-Sud (EA7361), by the LabEx LERMIT supported by a grant from the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-LABX-33), and by a project of ANR LabEx IBEID. This work was also funded in part by agrant from Joint Program Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance(ANR-14-JAMR-0002)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-14-JAMR-0002,DesInMBL,Structure-guided design of pan inhibitors of metallo-ß-lactamases(2014), Centre National de Référence Associé de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Sud Orsay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Imipenem, Operon, Klebsiella pneumoniae, 030106 microbiology, lcsh:QR1-502, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, carbapenemase, Plasmid, medicine, oxidative-stress, Gene, Escherichia coli, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Regulon, KPC-producing plasmids, RNA-seq, transcriptome, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; The diffusion of KPC-2 carbapenemase is closely related to the spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae of the clonal-group 258 and linked to IncFII K plasmids. Little is known about the biology of multi-drug resistant plasmids and the reasons of their successful dissemination. Using E. coli TOP10 strain harboring a multi-replicon IncFII K-IncFIB bla KPC−2-gene carrying plasmid pBIC1a from K. pneumoniae ST-258 clinical isolate BIC-1, we aimed to identify basal gene expression and the effects of imipenem exposure using whole transcriptome approach by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Independently of the antibiotic pressure, most of the plasmid-backbone genes were expressed at low levels. The most expressed pBIC1a genes were involved in antibiotic resistance (bla KPC−2 , bla TEM and aph(3 ′)-I), in plasmid replication and conjugation, or associated to mobile elements. After antibiotic exposure, 34% of E. coli (pBIC1a) genome was differentially expressed. Induction of oxidative stress response was evidenced, with numerous upregulated genes of the SoxRS/OxyR oxydative stress regulons, the Fur regulon (for iron uptake machinery), and IscR regulon (for iron sulfur cluster synthesis). Nine genes carried by pBIC1a were up-regulated, including the murein DD-endopeptidase mepM and the copper resistance operon. Despite the presence of a carbapenemase, we observed a major impact on E. coli (pBIC1a) whole transcriptome after imipenem exposure, but no effect on the level of transcription of antimicrobial resistance genes. We describe adaptive responses of E. coli to imipenem-induced stress, and identified plasmid-encoded genes that could be involved in resistance to stressful environments.
Published: 2018

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