294 results on '"Université Nazi Boni"'
Search Results
2. Immunovirological discordance among female sex workers who start antiretroviral therapy in Burkina Faso
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Bazié, Wilfried Wenceslas, Somé, Diane Yirgnur, Traoré, Isidore Tiandiogo, Sanon, Anselme, Konaté, Issouf, Tassembedo, Souleymane, Taofiki, Ajani Ousmane, Kania, Dramane, Ouédraogo, Abdoulaye, Vuylsteke, Bea, Gilbert, Caroline, Meda, Nicolas, Ouédraogo, Abdoul Salam, Nagot, Nicolas, BONIZEC, Sandrine, Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi Boni, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, UNIVERSITE LAVAL, Département de Santé Publique, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Université Nazi Boni [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UNIVERSITE DES ANTILLES, and EFS
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Female sex workers ,Sex Workers ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Research ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,HIV Infections ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Viral Load ,World Health Organization ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Antiretroviral therapy ,Immunovirological discordance ,Cohort Studies ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Infectious Diseases ,Burkina Faso ,HIV-1 ,Humans ,Female - Abstract
Background In people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to sustained effective suppression of viral replication and increasing CD4 + T cell count. However, a fraction of ART-treated patients still fail to reach adequate CD4 + T cell number despite a suppressed viral load (VL), and this phenomenon is defined as immunovirological discordance (IVD). In Africa, several studies have reported immunovirological outcomes of antiretroviral therapy, but little is known about IVD occurrence in Female sex workers (FSW). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of IVD and associated factors among a cohort of HIV infected FSW in Burkina Faso. Methods We conducted a cohort study from December 2003 to October 2016. Immunovirological discordance was defined as CD4 + T cell gain Results Among the 123 HIV-1 infected FSW having at least 12 months follow-up on ART, 105 (85.4%) achieved HIV-1 RNA suppression. Among the latter 25 gained less than 100 CD4 + T cells within 12 months follow-up. The IVD rate was 23.8% (95%CI 16.04%–33.11%). After adjustment for age, WHO clinical stage and ART regimen including nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, only baseline CD4 + T cell count between 200 to 350 cells/µL (adjusted OR: 4.15; 95%CI 1.13–15.22) and 350 to 500 cells/µL (adjusted OR: 17.50; 95%CI 2.68–114.31) remain significantly associated with IVD occurrence. Conclusions Immunovirological discordance response was common in FSW with proportions close to those observed in the general population. A diagnosis and personalized follow-up of patients who do not achieve full immune reconstitution would make it possible to avoid complications in terms of morbidity and mortality.
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- 2022
3. How a supply‐side intervention can help to increase caesarean section rates in Burkina Faso facilities—Evidence from an interrupted time‐series analysis using routine health data
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Marion Ravit, Julia Lohmann, Alexandre Dumont, Charles Kabore, Jean‐Louis Koulidiati, Manuela De Allegri, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Research Institute of Health Sciences [Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso], and Université Nazi Boni [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] (UNB)
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Infectious Diseases ,low-income countries ,caesarean section ,Burkina Faso ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Parasitology ,health policy ,Reduced Inequalities ,performance-based financing ,user fees Sustainable Development Goals: Good Health and Wellbeing ,maternal health ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; Objectives: In Burkina Faso, only 2.1% of women give birth by caesarean section (CS). To improve the use of maternal health services during pregnancy and childbirth, many interventions were implemented during the 2010s including performance-based financing (PBF) and a free maternal health care policy (the gratuité). The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a supply-side intervention (PBF) combined with a demand-side intervention (gratuité) on institutional CS rates in Burkina Faso. Methods: We used routine health data from all the public health facilities in 21 districts (10 that implemented PBF and 11 that did not) from January 2013 to September 2017. We analysed CS rates as the proportion of CS performed out of all facility-based deliveries (FBD) that occurred in the district. We performed an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to evaluate the impact of PBF alone and then in conjunction with the gratuité on institutional CS rates. Results: CS rates in Burkina Faso increased slightly between January 2013 and September 2017 in all districts. After the introduction of PBF, the increase of CS rates was higher in intervention than in non-intervention districts. However, after the introduction of the gratuité, CS rates decreased in all districts, independently of the PBF intervention. Conclusion: In 2017, despite high FBD rates in Burkina Faso as well as the PBF intervention and the gratuité, less than 3% of women who gave birth in a health facility did so by CS. Our study shows that the positive PBF effects were not sustained in a context of user fee exemption.
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- 2023
4. Use of a Natural Clayey Soil from Burkina Faso to Reinforce Natural Rubber
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Gnoumou, Lohami Valentin Landry, Millogo, Younoussa, Aubert, Jean-Emmanuel, Ouedraogo, Moussa, Sanou, Issiaka, Zoungrana, Joachim, Gomina, Moussa, Laboratoire de Chimie et Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi Boni, Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions (LMDC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Société Africaine de Pneumatiques (SAP), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Environmental Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Catalysis - Abstract
International audience
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- 2023
5. Effect of curing conditions on physico-mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete containing calcium carbide residue
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Yawo Daniel Adufu, Seick Omar Sore, Philbert Nshimiyimana, Adamah Messan, Gilles Escadeillas, Laboratoire Eco-Matériaux et Habitats Durables (LEMHaD), International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering [Ouagadougou] (2iE), Laboratoire de Chimie et Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi Boni, Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions (LMDC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
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[SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Materials Science ,Condensed Matter Physics - Abstract
International audience
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- 2023
6. Clinical presentation, outcomes and factors associated with mortality: A prospective study from three COVID-19 referral care centres in West Africa
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Olivier Marcy, Denis Malvy, Flavien Kaboré, Augustin Augier, Mamadou Saliou Sow, Caroline Martin, Hans-Joerg Lang, Armel Poda, Sani Sayadi, Joseph Donamou, Adama Sanou, Billy Sivahera, Jean-Paul-Yassa Guilavogui, Fodé Bangaly Sako, Eudoxie Koumbem, Eric Arnaud Diendéré, Sylvain Juchet, Marie Jaspard, B. Serra, Moumouni Kinda, Brice Bicaba, Xavier Anglaret, Sakoba Keita, Fodé Amara Traoré, Richard Kojan, Apoline Sondo, Fanny Velardo, Halidou Tinto, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Donka University National Hospital [Guinée], The Alliance for International Medical Action [Dakar, Sénégal] (ONG ALIMA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHUYO), and Université Nazi Boni [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso]
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Referral ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,SARS-Cov-2 ,030106 microbiology ,Disease ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,West africa ,Comorbidities ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Burkina Faso ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mortality ,Prospective cohort study ,Referral and Consultation ,Aged ,Sub-Saharan Africa ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,3. Good health ,Hospitalization ,Infectious Diseases ,Death toll ,Female ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Presentation (obstetrics) ,business - Abstract
International audience; OBJECTIVES: The overall death toll from COVID-19 in Africa is reported to be low but there is little individual-level evidence on the severity of the disease. This study examined the clinical spectrum and outcome of patients monitored in COVID-19 care centres (CCCs) in two West-African countries. METHODS: Burkina Faso and Guinea set up referral CCCs to hospitalise all symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, regardless of the severity of their symptoms. Data collected from hospitalised patients by November 2020 are presented. RESULT: A total of 1,805 patients (64% men, median age 41 years) were admitted with COVID-19. Symptoms lasted for a median of 7 days (IQR 4-11). During hospitalisation, 443 (25%) had a SpO2 < 94% at least once, 237 (13%) received oxygen and 266 (15%) took corticosteroids. Mortality was 5% overall, and 1%, 5% and 14% in patients aged
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- 2021
7. Épidémiologie des maladies majeures et structuration des microbiomes racinaires : étude comparative entre rizicultures irriguée et de bas fond au Burkina Faso
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Barro, Mariam, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Montpellier, Université Nazi Boni (Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso), Gilles Béna, and Irénée Somda
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Epidemiology ,Molecular biology ,Microbiologie ,Phytopathologie ,Biologie moléculaire ,Plant pathology ,Epidémiologie ,Microbiology - Abstract
Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and its consumption is increasing in West Africa. Multiple constraints affect its production, limiting global rice yields, particularly in Burkina Faso, where rice production covers barely 47% of the population's needs. This is partly due to damage caused by viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of diseases and identifying risk factors is of paramount importance in guiding the deployment of effective control measures, as host infection depends on the considered pathogen, but also on the plant (genotype), as well as the biotic and abiotic environment of the plant. This biotic environment includes the microorganisms associated with the roots, which can now be deciphered using recent high-throughput sequencing technologies.We conducted the present study between 2016 and 2019 in western Burkina Faso in three geographical areas, each of which included one irrigated perimeter, and a nearby lowland, resulting in a total of six sites. First, interviews were conducted with farmers to better characterize farming practices in each site. They confirmed that the two rice-growing systems differ in terms of cultural practices, including transplanting, two rice seasons, and higher mineral fertilization in irrigated rice.In addition, we genotyped 77 rice samples from Burkina Faso on thousands of SNPs and analyzed the resulting data in the context of global Oryza sativa genetic diversity. All samples collected in the field were assigned to Oryza sativa indica, except one corresponding to the Aus group. No differences were found between the genetics of the irrigated and lowland rice samples, with the exception of Tengrela, which differed from all other sites, with the presence of the Aus sample and a strong differentiation from the other five sites.In addition, we visited rice plots annually and observed leaf symptoms to compare the levels of the four major rice diseases: yellow mottle disease, bacterial leaf streak (BLS) disease, rice blast and brown spot between two rice systems. Our results show that overall the frequency of symptoms (all four diseases combined) is higher in irrigated rice than in lowland rice. This is also the case specifically for BLS and for rice blast. In contrast, rice yellow mottle disease is present at high frequency and incidence in some specific ('hotspots') sites, while brown spot is common in all sites. Co-occurrence are higher in irrigated areas than in lowland areas.Finally, we characterized the microbial diversity associated with rice roots using a metabarcoding approach, i.e. high-throughput sequencing of 16S loci for bacterial communities and ITS for fungal communities. The main factors structuring these microbial communities are the rice growing system, the geographical zone, the specific site and the root compartment. We obtained more prokaryotic diversity (and more complex networks) in irrigated rice, compared to rainfed lowlands and identified key phylotypes in the communities of each type of rice cultivation.Our integrative approach, inspired by the 'phytobiome' concept, contributes to a better understanding of plant health in the broadest sense, with the aim of controlling crop pests while protecting human and environmental health.Keywords: Rice, irrigated rice, lowland, diseases, Burkina Faso, genetic diversity, microbiome; Le riz constitue l’aliment de base de plus de la moitié de la population mondiale et sa consommation est en forte augmentation en Afrique de l’Ouest. De multiples contraintes affectent sa production, limitant ainsi les rendements rizicoles mondiaux, particulièrement au Burkina Faso où la production rizicole couvre à peine 47% des besoins des populations. Cela s’explique en partie par les dégâts causés par les agents pathogènes viraux, bactériens et fongiques. La compréhension de la dynamique spatiotemporelle des maladies et l'identification des facteurs de risque sont d'une importance capitale pour guider le déploiement de moyens de lutte efficaces car l’infection d’un hôte dépend de l’agent pathogène considéré mais aussi de la plante (génotype) et de l’environnement biotique et abiotique de la plante. Cet environnement biotique comprend les micro-organismes associés aux racines qui peuvent maintenant être appréhendés grâce aux techniques récentes de séquençage haut débit.Nous avons mené la présente étude entre 2016 et 2019 à l’ouest du Burkina Faso dans trois zones géographiques, comprenant chacune un périmètre irrigué, et un bas-fonds situé à proximité, donc un total de six sites. Tout d’abord, des entretiens ont été réalisé avec les agriculteurs pour mieux caractériser les pratiques agriculturales dans chacun des sites. Ils confirment que les deux systèmes de riziculture diffèrent en termes de pratiques culturales, avec notamment le repiquage, les deux saisons de riz, et une plus forte fertilisation minérale en riziculture irriguée.En outre, nous avons génotypé 77 échantillons de riz du Burkina Faso sur des milliers de SNP et analysé les données obtenues dans le cadre de la diversité génétique mondiale d'Oryza sativa. Tous les échantillons collectés au champ étaient assignés à Oryza sativa indica, sauf un correspondant au groupe Aus. Nous n’avons pas obtenu de différences entre la génétique des échantillons de riz des zones irriguées et celui des bas-fonds, à l'exception de Tengrela qui diffère de tous les autres sites, avec la présence de l’échantillon Aus et une différentiation forte par rapport aux cinq autres sites.De plus, nous avons visité annuellement des parcelles de riz et observé les symptômes foliaires afin de comparer les niveaux des quatre principales maladies du riz : la panachure jaune, la bactériose à stries foliaires, la pyriculariose et l’helminthosporiose entre deux systèmes rizicoles. Globalement la fréquence des symptômes (quatre maladies confondues) est plus élevée en riziculture irriguée que dans les bas-fonds. C’est aussi le cas spécifiquement pour la bactériose à stries foliaires et la pyriculariose. En revanche, la panachure jaune du riz est présente à forte fréquence et incidence dans certains sites (‘hotspots’), tandis que l’helminthosporiose est fréquente dans tous les sites. Les fréquences de co-occurrence sont plus élevées dans les périmètres irrigués que dans les bas-fonds.Enfin, nous avons caractérisé la diversité microbienne associées aux racines du riz par une approche de metabarcoding, c’est-à-dire un séquençage haut-débit des loci 16S pour les communautés bactériennes et ITS pour les communautés fongiques. Les principaux facteurs structurants ces communautés microbiennes sont le type de riziculture, la zone géographique, le site et le compartiment racinaire. Nous avons obtenu plus de diversité de procaryotes en riziculture irriguée (avec des réseaux plus complexes) que dans les bas-fonds, et identifié des phylotypes clés dans les communautés de chaque type de riziculture.Notre approche intégrative, qui s’inscrit dans le concept de ‘phytobiome’, contribue à une meilleure compréhension de la santé de la plante au sens large, dans le but de contrôler les bioagresseurs des cultures tout en protégeant la santé humaine et environnementale.Mots clés: Riz, riziculture irriguée, bas-fonds, maladies, Burkina Faso, diversité génétique, microbiome
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- 2021
8. Associations between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso: Results from the first WHO STEPS survey
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Diendéré, Jeoffray, Zéba, Augustin Nawidimbasba, Kiemtoré, Sibraogo, Sombié, Olivier Ouahamin, Fayemendy, Philippe, Jésus, Pierre, Millogo, Athanase, Savadogo, Aly, Tinto, Halidou, Desport, Jean-Claude, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Université Nazi Boni [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Paediatric Department [Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHUYO), IRSS ‐ Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS‐CRUN), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Nutrition [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, University Hospital Souro Sanou [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], LABIA/CRSBAN/Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UFR-SVT, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-CHU Limoges-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), and Grelier, Elisabeth
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stomatognathic diseases ,Risk factors ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Burkina Faso ,Prevalence ,Dental problems ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Underweight ,Rural women - Abstract
International audience; Abstract Objective: To explore the relationships between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso by using nationally representative data. Design: This was a cross-sectional secondary study of primary data obtained by the 2013 World Health Organization Stepwise Approach to Surveillance survey conducted in Burkina Faso. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using Student’s t test, ANOVA, the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. Setting: All 13 Burkinabè regions were categorized using quartiles of urbanization rates. Participants: The participants were 1730 rural women aged 25-64 years. Results: The prevalence of underweight was 16.0%, and 24.1% of participants experienced dental problems during the 12-month period. The women with dental problems were more frequently underweight (19.9% and 14.7%; p49 years old) and smokeless tobacco users. Age >49 years, professions with inconsistent income, a lack of education, smokeless tobacco use and low BMI were factors that were significantly associated with dental problems, while residency in a low-urbanization area was a protective factor. Conclusion: The prevalence of underweight in rural Burkinabè women is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and women with dental problems are more frequently affected than those without dental problems. Public health measures for the prevention of these disorders should specifically target women aged over 49 years and smokeless tobacco users.
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- 2021
9. Microbiota Composition in Anopheles Mosquitoes After Amoxicillin Treatment via the Blood Meal
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Fofana, Aminata, Gendrin, Mathilde, Romoli, Ottavia, Yarbanga, Armel Bienvenu, Ouédraogo, George Anicet, Yerbanga, Serge Rakiswende, Ouédraogo, Jean-Bosco, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) / Centre Muraz, Université Nazi Boni [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Microbiote des insectes vecteurs / Microbiota of Insect Vectors [Cayenne, Guyane française], Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc [Cayenne, Guyane française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Département Parasites et Insectes vecteurs - Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
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[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] - Published
- 2021
10. Enorma burkinafasonensis sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from a human gut microbiota
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Nina Gouba, Maxime Descartes Mbogning Fonkou, Jamal Saad, Mustapha Fellag, Y. Hassani, Michel Drancourt, Université Nazi Boni [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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0301 basic medicine ,taxono-genomics ,030106 microbiology ,Peptide ,Gut flora ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Human gut ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Whole genome sequencing ,new species ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,Culturomics ,biology ,Strain (chemistry) ,gut microbiota ,New Specie ,biology.organism_classification ,Phenotype ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Enorma burkinafasonensis ,chemistry ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Bacteria - Abstract
Strain Marseille-P9525T is a Gram-positive, obligatory anaerobic and non-motile bacterium isolated from a human faecal micobiota. Its phenotypic pattern, including mass spectrometry peptide profile and genome sequence, support the proposal of a new species for which the name Enorma burkinafasonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain has been deposited in a public collection.
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- 2020
11. Establishing high-density protein banks for livestock in Burkina Faso (West Africa): Agronomic performance under contrasting edaphoclimatic conditions
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Marlen Navarro, Mélanie Blanchard, Eliel Gonzalez-Garcia, Eric Vall, Ollo Sib, Valérie M.C. Bougouma-Yameogo, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), IDR (Institut de développement rural), Université Nazi Boni, Estación Experimental 'Indio Hatuey', Universidad de Matanzas, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de Recherche sur les Productions Animales, Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), and Financial grant STRADIV (System approach for the TRAnsition to bio-DIVersified agroecosystems) from Agropolis Foundation (France) (Grant No. 1405-018)
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,0106 biological sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Performance de culture ,01 natural sciences ,Leucaena leucocephala ,Établissement de la plante ,Coppicing ,Leucaena ,[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,F01 - Culture des plantes ,2. Zero hunger ,Biomass (ecology) ,biology ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Facteur édaphique ,Morus alba ,Céréale fourragère ,Rendement des cultures ,western Africa ,Livestock ,[SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny ,Forage ,alimentation du bétail ,edaphoclimatic conditions ,Production végétale ,Fodder ,establishment ,Banque de céréales ,trees and shrubs ,L02 - Alimentation animale ,business.industry ,protein bank ,Sowing ,plant growth ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
West African livestock keepers need forage sources to feed animals without degrading the local fragile ecosystems. Establishing high-density forage protein banks for animal feeding was evaluated in three contrasting zones of Burkina Faso. The agronomic performance of the fodder species Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) and Morus alba (mulberry), planted for intensive forage production (25,000 plants/ha) was monitored through plant height (HEI), stem diameter (DIA), branch number (BrN) and branch length (BrL). Once plots were considered established (at 7 months) all trees were coppiced. Biomass yield subsequently was monitored over three bi-monthly harvests which began approximately 1 year after planting. For both species, a highly significant interaction between experimental site and dates was observed for all variables except BrN. Average HEI (103 cm) were similar. DIA (7 +/- 0.4 cm) and BrL (55 +/- 2.2 cm) were higher in mulberry (6 +/- 0.1 and 29 +/- 1.0 cm, respectively), whereas the BrN remained higher in leucaena (7 +/- 0.2 vs. 2 +/- 0.1 cm). No differences were observed in HEI between sites from June to August. However, from September to October, both species displayed a stronger growth rate at site 1. The biomass yields (t DM/ha/year) in three consecutive harvests were lower than values reported in other tropical regions (1.8 +/- 1.2 and 8.1 +/- 3.9, for mulberry and leucaena, respectively). Differences between sites were due mainly to soil properties, rainfall pattern and termite attacks. This study demonstrated that L. leucocephala and M. alba, planted in high-density forage banks, successfully establish and have high forage yield across several edaphoclimatic conditions in Burkina Faso. Our findings suggest that this technology could significantly contribute to livestock feeding systems in the region, thus reducing negative effects of over-grazing on landscape degradation.
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- 2020
12. Chronic kidney disease and HIV in the era of antiretroviral treatment : findings from a 10-year cohort study in a west African setting
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Nongodo Firmin Kaboré, Sophie Limou, Amandine Cournil, Eric Delaporte, Ollo Da, Aoua Semde, Jacques Zoungrana, Laura Ciaffi, Nicolas Meda, Issouf Yaméogo, Adrien Sawadogo, Armel Poda, Department of Clinical Research [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Department of Infectious Diseases [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], University Hospital Souro Sanou [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Université Nazi Boni [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Biochemistry Department [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of nephrology [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Département des Maladies Infectieuses [CHRU Montpellier], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Institut de transplantation urologie-néphrologie (ITUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Basic Research Laboratory [Frederick, MD, USA] (NIH/NCI), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR)-Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc [Frederick, MD, USA], Translational ImmunoGenetic in AutoImmunity and Transplantation (Team 5 - U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Le Bihan, Sylvie, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)
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Nephrology ,Male ,Time Factors ,Epidemiology ,030232 urology & nephrology ,HIV Infections ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,Gastroenterology ,Cohort Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Abacavir ,Risk Factors ,Prevalence ,Didanosine ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Incidence ,Stavudine ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Creatinine ,Hypertension ,Female ,Zidovudine ,medicine.drug ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Renal function ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,Burkina Faso ,medicine ,CKD ,Humans ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Tenofovir ,business.industry ,HIV ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,Dideoxynucleosides ,Antiretroviral treatment ,chemistry ,Africa ,Linear Models ,business ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Kidney disease ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
International audience; BACKGROUND:It has been reported that people living with HIV in West Africa exhibited the highest risks for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the world. Here, we aimed at determining the CKD frequency and changes in kidney function during antiretroviral treatment (ART) in a large cohort of HIV-patients followed in Burkina Faso.METHODS:We included ART-naive adults who initiated ART at the Day Care Unit of the Souro Sanou University Hospital between 01/01/2007 and 12/31/2016. We assessed the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by serum creatinine using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Following the K/DOQI recommendations, CKD was defined as eGFR
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- 2019
13. Anophelesbionomics, insecticide resistance mechanisms and malaria transmission in the Korhogo area, northern Côte d’Ivoire: a pre-intervention study
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Bertin N’Cho Tchiekoi, Baba Coulibaly, Alphonsine A. Koffi, Dieudonné Diloma Soma, Roch K. Dabiré, Anthony Somé, Barnabas Zogo, Amal Dahounto, Florence Fournet, Nicolas Moiroux, Souleymane Kandé, Cédric Pennetier, Lamine Baba-Moussa, Ludovic P Ahoua Alou, Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Nazi Boni [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso] (UNB), Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), CNRST, Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), This work was part of the REACT project, funded by the French Initiative 5% – Expertise France (No. 15SANIN213)., We thank all the mosquito collectors and supervisors for their commitment in the field. We also thank Aboubacar Koné, Akoliba Patrice Azaibou, Youssouf Dosso, Serges Koffi, Koffi Guillaume Konan and Rosine Wolie for their technical assistance., and University of Abomey Calavi (UAC)
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Insecticides ,Veterinary medicine ,Mosquito Control ,Anopheles gambiae ,Resistance ,Insecticide Resistance ,0302 clinical medicine ,Dry season ,Bites and Stings ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,Anopheles ,Vectors ,3. Good health ,Mosquito control ,Pre-intervention ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,Seasons ,Research Article ,Wet season ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Plasmodium falciparum ,030231 tropical medicine ,Cote d ivoire ,Mosquito Vectors ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Malaria transmission ,Bionomics ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,030304 developmental biology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Malaria ,Intensity of transmission ,Cote d'Ivoire ,Insecticide resistance ,Insect Science ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology - Abstract
International audience; A better understanding of malaria transmission at a local scale is essential for developing and implementing effective control strategies. In the framework of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aimed to provide an updated description of malaria transmission in the Korhogo area, northern Côte d'Ivoire, and to obtain baseline data for the trial. We performed human landing collections (HLCs) in 26 villages in the Korhogo area during the rainy season (September-October 2016, April-May 2017) and the dry season (November-December 2016, February-March 2017). We used PCR techniques to ascertain the species of the Anopheles gambiae complex, Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection, and insecticide resistance mechanisms in a subset of Anopheles vectors. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the predominant malaria vector in the Korhogo area. Overall, more vectors were collected outdoors than indoors (p < 0.001). Of the 774 An. gambiae s.l. tested in the laboratory, 89.65% were An. gambiae s.s. and 10.35% were An. coluzzii. The frequencies of the kdr allele were very high in An. gambiae s.s. but the ace-1 allele was found at moderate frequencies. An unprotected individual living in the Korhogo area received an average of 9.04, 0.63, 0.06 and 0.12 infected bites per night in September-October, November-December, February-March, and April-May, respectively. These results demonstrate that the intensity of malaria transmission is extremely high in the Korhogo area, especially during the rainy season. Malaria control in highly endemic areas such as Korhogo needs to be strengthened with complementary tools in order to reduce the burden of the disease.; Une meilleure connaissance de la transmission du paludisme à l’échelle locale est essentielle pour élaborer et mettre en œuvre des stratégies de lutte efficaces. Dans le cadre d’un essai contrôlé randomisé, nous avons pour objectifs de fournir une description actualisée de la transmission du paludisme dans la zone de Korhogo, au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire, et de collecter les données de base pour l’essai. Nous avons capturé les moustiques sur des volontaires humains dans 26 villages de la zone de Korhogo pendant la saison pluvieuse (septembre–octobre 2016, avril–mai 2017) et la saison sèche (novembre–décembre 2016, février–mars 2017). À l’aide des techniques de PCR, nous avons déterminé les espèces au sein du complexe Anopheles gambiae, les infections par Plasmodium falciparum au stade sporozoïte et les mécanismes de résistance aux insecticides dans un sous-échantillon d’anophèles vecteurs. Anopheles gambiae s.l. est de loin le vecteur majoritaire du paludisme dans la zone de Korhogo. Au total, plus de vecteurs ont été collectés à l’extérieur des habitations qu’à l’intérieur (p < 0.001). Des 774 An. gambiae s.l. analysés au laboratoire, 89,65 % étaient An. gambiae s.s. et 10,35 % An. coluzzii. Les fréquences alléliques du gène kdr étaient très élevées chez An. gambiae s.s. alors que les fréquences alléliques du gène ace-1 étaient modérées. Une personne non protégée vivant à Korhogo reçoit chaque nuit en moyenne 9,04 piqûres infectantes (pi) en septembre–octobre, 0,63 pi en novembre–décembre, 0,06 pi en février-mars et 0,12 pi en avril–mai. Ces résultats démontrent que l’intensité de la transmission du paludisme est très élevée dans la zone de Korhogo, particulièrement en saison pluvieuse. La lutte contre le paludisme dans les zones de forte endémicité comme Korhogo doit être renforcée par des outils complémentaires afin de réduire le fardeau de la maladie.
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- 2019
14. Production laitière à l’ouest du Burkina Faso dans un contexte d’émergence de laiteries : diversité des pratiques d’élevage et propositions d’amélioration
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Eliel Gonzalez-Garcia, Mélanie Blanchard, Eric Vall, Valérie M.C. Bougouma-Yameogo, Ollo Sib, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre International de Recherche Développement sur l'Elevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRDES), and Université Nazi Boni () (UNB)
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040301 veterinary sciences ,polyculture élevage ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Ice calving ,Forage ,Élevage ,Biology ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,Fodder ,Lactation ,Grazing ,Dry season ,medicine ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,burkina faso ,Saisonnalité ,Dairy cattle ,typologie ,L01 - Élevage - Considérations générales ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040201 dairy & animal science ,aptitude laitière ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,bovin laitier ,Production laitière ,8. Economic growth ,Mixed farming - Abstract
Dans l’ouest du Burkina Faso, des laiteries se heurtent à un problème d’approvisionnement en lait local, car la production est faible, saisonnée, atomisée et coûteuse à collecter. Cette étude a eu pour objectif d’identifier des leviers pour augmenter la production et réduire la saisonnalité. Elle a été réalisée chez 18 polyculteurs-éleveurs de la région des Hauts-Bassins impliqués dans la production de lait. Une analyse multivariée basée sur des variables de structures, de fonctionnement et de performance des exploitations a permis d’identifier cinq types de polyculteurs-éleveurs impliqués dans cette production : « les allaitants » à faible niveau d’intrants et à orientation pastorale à grands effectifs de vaches (T1), à effectifs moyens (T2) ; les allaitants à orientation agropastorale (T3) ; les laitiers spécialisés et à visée commerciale ayant peu recours aux fourrages verts (T4), ou à forte utilisation de fourrage vert (T5). Les types T1 et T2 se caractérisaient par une alimentation quasi exclusive au pâturage en toute saison, et un niveau de production de lait inférieur à deux litres par vache par jour au pic de lactation. Le lait issu de ces exploitations était faiblement commercialisé et rarement vendu aux laiteries. Les types T3 ont davantage eu recours aux fourrages secs et aux aliments, ce qui leur a permis d’améliorer leur production de lait commercialisée fréquemment en laiterie (env. 2 L/vache/jour au pic de lactation). Les types T4 et T5 se caractérisaient par un recours à des races améliorées, et une utilisation importante de fourrages et d’aliments achetés toute l’année, leur assurant une production de lait plus élevée (5–13 L/vache/jour au pic de lactation). Ces exploitations vendaient leur lait en totalité à la laiterie. Nos résultats soulignent que la production était fortement pénalisée par une alimentation trop pauvre en aliments et en fourrages de qualité, et que la saisonnalité des mises bas aggravait la chute de production en fin de saison sèche.
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- 2018
15. Crop-livestock scenarios modeling: an agent-based modeling approach
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Sawadogo, Jean-Baptiste, Belem, Mahamadou, Meda, Marc, Dandjinou, Mesmin, Saqalli, Mehdi, Saqalli, Mehdi, West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, Ecole Supérieure d’Informatique Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso mahamadou.belem@gmail.com, Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)
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[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience
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- 2018
16. ProdLait : Un outil permettant d’ajuster l’alimentation des vaches pour atteindre un objectif de production fixé par l’éleveur
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Ollo Sib, Valérie Bougouma-Yameogo, Mélanie Blanchard, Eliel González-García, Eric Vall, ProdInra, Migration, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Université Nazi Boni () (UNB)
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[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Intervalle entre mise-bas, lactation, modèle de simulation, poids vif, pratique d’alimentation ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,intervalle entre mise-bas ,lactation ,pratique d’alimentation ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,[INFO] Computer Science [cs] ,modèle de simulation ,poids vif ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
Avec l’essor des mini laiteries en Afrique de l’Ouest, de nombreux producteurs s’intéressent à la production laitière. Mais, les pratiques d’alimentation des vaches ne permettent pas d’atteindre leurs objectifs de production. Cet article présente l’outil Prodlait, conçu sur le tableur Excel, pour simuler l’effet des pratiques d’alimentation sur l’évolution du poids vif des vaches au cours de la lactation en fonction de l’objectif de production de lait de l’éleveur. Prodlait, utilise six courbes de lactation théoriques, représentant des objectifs de production croissants, calcule au quotidien sur 12 mois, les besoins des vaches, la couverture des besoins et l’évolution quotidienne du poids vif. Prodlait, propose deux indicateurs de poids vif des vaches : le poids vif à 90 jours après mise-bas comparé au poids vif de forme, pour apprécier la capacité des vaches à recevoir une saillie fécondante à cette période et le poids vif à 365 jours après mise-bas comparé au poids vif de mise-bas, pour apprécier la capacité de l’éleveur à reconstituer l’état corporel des vaches au bout d’une année. Deux cas d’utilisation montrent comment les indicateurs de Prodlait permettent aux producteurs de raisonner les apports alimentaires aux périodes cruciales de la gestion de la reproduction des vaches.Mots clés : Intervalle entre mise-bas, lactation, modèle de simulation, poids vif, pratique d’alimentation.
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- 2018
17. Investigation on equinoctial asymmetry observed in Niamey station center for orbit determination in Europe TEC variation during solar cycle 23
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Ouattara, Frédéric, Zerbo, Jean-Louis, Kabore, M., Fleury, Rolland, Laboratoire de recherche en énergétique et météorologie de l'espace (Université de Koudougou) (LAREME), Université Nazi Boni () (UNB), Lab-STICC_IMTA_MOM_PIM, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Département Micro-Ondes (IMT Atlantique - MO), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
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Ionization ,Global Positioning System ,Equatorial ionosphere ,Asymmetry ,Center for orbit determination in europe total electron content (CODG TEC) ,[SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics - Abstract
International audience; This is an investigation of equinoctial asymmetry in Total electron content (TEC) variability at Niamey (Latitude: 13° 30' 49.18" N, Longitude: 2° 06' 35.28" E) using the Global Ionospheric Maps model constructed by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODG model) during solar cycle 23, that is, from year 1999 to year 2009. Niamey Center for Orbit Determination in Europe Total Electron Content (CODG TEC) from 1999 to 2009 show that ionization follows solar cycle and presents semi-annual variation with equinoctial asymmetry. In CODG TEC, generally, March/April maximum density is larger than that of September/October except during years 1999 and 2001. For all years (1999-2008), electronic density is higher between 1400 and 1700 UTC with the maximum at 1400 UTC. On one hand, Ap and aa index via pixel diagram and on the other hand, seasonal and sunspot cycle variation have been used to explain the exception of years 1999 and 2001. It was found that asymmetry of 1999 is due to solar wind particularly to fluctuating wind and asymmetry of 2001 results from CMEs.
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- 2017
18. Comparison of the in vitro anthelmintic effects of Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana
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Zabré, Geneviève, Kaboré, Adama, Bayala, Balé, Katiki, Luciana M, Costa-Júnior, Livio Martins, Tamboura, Hamidou H, Belem, Adrien M G, Abdalla, Adibe L, Niderkorn, Vincent, Hoste, Herve, Louvandini, Helder, DPA-INERA, Partenaires INRAE, UFR SVT, University of Ouagadougou, Instituto de Zootecnia (SAA, APTA), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Université Nazi Boni () (UNB), Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of São Paulo (USP), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Tripartite Research Project (Africa - Brazil - France), 'Fight against desertification in Africa', funded by INRA/IRD-AIRD and CNPq 457559/2012-8
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[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,[SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology - Abstract
International audience; Gastrointestinal nematodes are a major threat to small ruminant rearing in the Sahel area, where farmers traditionally use bioactive plants to control these worms, including Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana. The main aim of this study was to screen the potential anthelmintic properties of aqueous and acetone extracts of leaves of these two plants based on three in vitro assays: (1) the egg hatch inhibition assay (EHA); (2) the larvae exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA) using Haemonchus contortus as a model; and (3) an adult mortality test (AMT) applied on Caenorhabditis elegans. For the EHA, only A. raddiana was effective with IC50 = 1.58 mg/mL for aqueous extract, and IC50 = 0.58 mg/mL for acetonic extract. For the LEIA, all extracts inhibited the exsheathment of larvae compared to the controls, and the aqueous extract of A. nilotica was more larvicidal with IC50 = 0.195 mg/mL. In general, all responses to the substances were dose-dependent and were significantly different from the control group (p
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- 2017
19. Botanical and ethnoveterinary surveys of two acacias (Acacia raddiana and Acacia nilotica) exploited in small ruminant rearing in sahelian area of Burkina Faso
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Geneviève, Zabré, Kaboré, Adama, Bayala, Balé, Tamboura, Hamidou H, Belem, Adrien Marie Gaston, Niderkorn, Vincent, Costa-Júnior, Livio Martins, Louvandini, Helder, Hoste, Herve, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Université Nazi Boni () (UNB), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, Partenaires INRAE, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of São Paulo (USP), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)
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acacia nilotica ,surveys ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Burkina Faso ,sahelian area ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,small ruminants ,acacia raddiana ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; In Burkina Faso, rural livestock farmers in arid and semi-arid areas rely heavily on woody plant resources such as Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana to satisfy the needs of small ruminant rearing. The assessment of the availability and the use of these two species are therefore essential to better manage them sustainably for their preservation. The survey carried out in the area showed that the questioned farmers exploited the leaves and pods of the two Acacia for the needs of the ruminants. 100% of the farmers exploit A. raddiana only for the feeding of small ruminants. However, A. nilotica was exploited for animal feed and health. The most commonly reported treatments are Foot and Mouth Disease (98.7%) followed by diarrhea (73.7%) and foot wounds (51.2%). In order to compare the results of the survey, a botanical inventory was carried out in the area and the results showed that A. raddiana is more available compared to A. nilotica. Also, other local species such as Faidherbia albida, Acacia senegal, Balanites aegyptiaca and Acacia siberiana are also exploited for the needs of small ruminant rearing in the study area. The most important constraints were excessive cutting, drought and overexploitation that negatively impact their survival. Data on these constraints provide the basis for a campaign to raise awareness among herders' communities to preserve these plants to sustainably improve the productivity of small ruminants and consequently farmer’s income.
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- 2017
20. Immunologic response in treatment-naïve HIV-2-infected patients: the IeDEA West Africa cohort
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Geoffrey Gottlieb, Anders Fomsgaard, Renaud Becquet, Boris Kevin Tchounga, MARIAM SYLLA, Xavier Anglaret, Peter Aaby, Jonathan Sterne, Christian Wejse, Lars Østergaard, Valeriane Leroy, Julie Jesson, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Alex Lund Laursen, Arsène HEMA, Christian Erikstrup, Clement Adebamowo, Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), ANRS France Recherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv hépatites, Département Management, Marketing et Stratégie (MMS), Télécom Ecole de Management (TEM)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom Business School (IMT-BS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Statistics In System biology and Translational Medicine (SISTM), Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)- Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Technicolor R & I [Cesson Sévigné], Technicolor, School of Social and Community Medicine [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], and Université Nazi Boni [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso]
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,antiretroviral treatment ,medicine.medical_specialty ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030106 microbiology ,HIV Infections ,law.invention ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Randomized controlled trial ,Interquartile range ,law ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,West Africa ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,immunological response ,business.industry ,Research ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,linear mixed models ,Regimen ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunology ,Cohort ,HIV-2 ,Female ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background: Response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is poorly described. We compared the immunological response among patients treated with three nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) to boosted protease inhibitor (PI) and unboosted PI-based regimens in West Africa.Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled treatment-naïve HIV-2-infected patients within the International epidemiological Database to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) collaboration in West Africa. We used mixed models to compare the CD4 count response to treatment over 12 months between regimens.Results: Of 422 HIV-2-infected patients, 285 (67.5%) were treated with a boosted PI-based regimen, 104 (24.6%)with an unboosted PI-based regimen and 33 (7.8%) with three NRTIs. Treatment groups were comparable with regard to gender (54.5% female) and median age at ART initiation (45.3 years; interquartile range [IQR] 38.3-51.8). Treatment groups differed by clinical stage (21.2%, 17.3%, and 16.8% at CDC stage C or WHO stage IV for the triple NRTI, boosted PI, and unboosted PI groups, respectively,p=0.02), median length of follow-up (12.9, 17.7, and 44.0 months for the triple NRTI, the boosted PI, and the unboosted PI groups, respectively, pp=0.003).CD4 count recovery at 12 months was higher for patients treated with boosted PI-based regimens than those treated with three NRTIs or with unboostedPI-based regimens (191 cells/µl; 95% CI 142;241, 110 cells/µl; 95% CI 29;192,133 cells/µl 95% CI 80;186, respectively, p=0.004).Conclusions: In this observational study using African data, boosted PI-containing regimens had better immunological response compared to triple NRTI combinations and unboosted PI-based regimens at 12 months. A randomized clinical trial is still required to determine the best initial regimen for treating HIV-2 infected patients.
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- 2016
21. Comparaison des effets anthelminthiques in vitro d'Acacia nilotica et Acacia raddiana
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Adama Kaboré, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, Balé Bayala, Adibe Luiz Abdalla, Helder Louvandini, Geneviève Zabré, Luciana Morita Katiki, Hamidou H. Tamboura, Lívio Martins Costa-Júnior, Vincent Niderkorn, Hervé Hoste, DPA-INERA, Partenaires INRAE, UFR SVT, University of Ouagadougou, Instituto de Zootecnia (SAA, APTA), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Université Nazi Boni () (UNB), Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of São Paulo (USP), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Tripartite Research Project (Africa - Brazil - France), 'Fight against desertification in Africa', funded by INRA/IRD-AIRD and CNPq 457559/2012-8
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0301 basic medicine ,Median lethal dose ,law.invention ,Feces ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Anthelmintic ,Animal biology ,Natural products ,anthelmintics ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,Goats ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,Microbiology and Parasitology ,Acacia ,In vitro toxicology ,Povidone ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,Microbiologie et Parasitologie ,3. Good health ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,Infectious Diseases ,Proanthocyanidin ,Larva ,Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,Haemonchus ,Helminthiasis, Animal ,Research Article ,medicine.drug ,Haemonchus contortus ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,030231 tropical medicine ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Lethal Dose 50 ,Inhibitory Concentration 50 ,03 medical and health sciences ,tannins ,Biologie animale ,parasitic diseases ,Botany ,medicine ,Animals ,Proanthocyanidins ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Caenorhabditis elegans ,secondary plant metabolites ,Ovum ,Goat Diseases ,[SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,Plant Extracts ,Polyphenols ,biology.organism_classification ,Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal ,Polyphenol ,Insect Science ,nematodes ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Haemonchiasis ,Phytotherapy - Abstract
International audience; Gastrointestinal nematodes are a major threat to small ruminant rearing in the Sahel area, where farmers traditionally use bioactive plants to control these worms, including Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana. The main aim of this study was to screen the potential anthelmintic properties of aqueous and acetone extracts of leaves of these two plants based on three in vitro assays: (1) the egg hatch inhibition assay (EHA); (2) the larvae exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA) using Haemonchus contortus as a model; and (3) an adult mortality test (AMT) applied on Caenorhabditis elegans. For the EHA, only A. raddiana was effective with IC50 = 1.58 mg/mL for aqueous extract, and IC50 = 0.58 mg/mL for acetonic extract. For the LEIA, all extracts inhibited the exsheathment of larvae compared to the controls, and the aqueous extract of A. nilotica was more larvicidal with IC50 = 0.195 mg/mL. In general, all responses to the substances were dose-dependent and were significantly different from the control group (p
- Published
- 2017
22. Symbiotic bacteria Sodalis glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp and Wolbachia do not favour Trypanosoma grayi coexistence in wild population of tsetse flies collected in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
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Mfopit YM, Bilgo E, Boma S, Somda MB, Gnambani JE, Konkobo M, Diabate A, Dayo GK, Mamman M, Kelm S, Balogun EO, Shuaibu MN, and Kabir J
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- Animals, Burkina Faso, Insect Vectors microbiology, Insect Vectors parasitology, Male, Female, Tsetse Flies microbiology, Tsetse Flies parasitology, Spiroplasma isolation & purification, Spiroplasma physiology, Spiroplasma genetics, Wolbachia isolation & purification, Wolbachia genetics, Symbiosis, Trypanosoma isolation & purification, Trypanosoma genetics, Trypanosoma physiology, Enterobacteriaceae isolation & purification, Enterobacteriaceae genetics
- Abstract
Background: Tsetse flies, the biological vectors of African trypanosomes, have established symbiotic associations with different bacteria. Their vector competence is suggested to be affected by bacterial endosymbionts. The current study provided the prevalence of three tsetse symbiotic bacteria and trypanosomes in Glossina species from Burkina Faso., Results: A total of 430 tsetse flies were captured using biconical traps in four different collection sites around Bobo-Dioulasso (Bama, Bana, Nasso, and Peni), and their guts were removed. Two hundred tsetse were randomly selected and their guts were screened by PCR for the presence of Sodalis glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp., Wolbachia and trypanosomes. Of the 200 tsetse, 196 (98.0%) were Glossina palpalis gambiensis and 4 (2.0%) Glossina tachinoides. The overall symbiont prevalence was 49.0%, 96.5%, and 45.0%, respectively for S. glossinidius, Spiroplasma and Wolbachia. Prevalence varied between sampling locations: S. glossinidius (54.7%, 38.5%, 31.6%, 70.8%); Spiroplasma (100%, 100%, 87.7%, 100%); and Wolbachia (43.4%, 38.5%, 38.6%, 70.8%), respectively in Bama, Bana, Nasso and Peni. Noteworthy, no G. tachnoides was infected by S. glossinidius and Wolbachia, but they were all infected by Spiroplasma sp. A total of 196 (98.0%) harbored at least one endosymbionts. Fifty-five (27.5%) carried single endosymbiont. Trypanosomes were found only in G. p. gambiensis, but not G. tachinoides. Trypanosomes were present in flies from all study locations with an overall prevalence of 29.5%. In Bama, Bana, Nasso, and Peni, the trypanosome infection rate was respectively 39.6%, 23.1%, 8.8%, and 37.5%. Remarkably, only Trypanosoma grayi was present. Of all trypanosome-infected flies, 55.9%, 98.3%, and 33.9% hosted S. glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp and Wolbachia, respectively. There was no association between Sodalis, Spiroplasma and trypanosome presence, but there was a negative association with Wolbachia presence. We reported 1.9 times likelihood of trypanosome absence when Wolbachia was present., Conclusion: This is the first survey reporting the presence of Trypanosoma grayi in tsetse from Burkina Faso. Tsetse from these localities were highly positive for symbiotic bacteria, more predominantly with Spiroplasma sp. Modifications of symbiotic interactions may pave way for disease control., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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23. Intestinal Protozoa, Helminth Infection, and Associated Factors among Tuberculosis Patients and Nontuberculosis Persons in Bobo-Dioulasso City, Burkina Faso.
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Djibougou DA, Mensah GI, Cissé M, Inoussa T, Sawadogo LT, Combary A, Sanou A, Bonfoh B, Addo KK, Belem AMG, Meda CZ, Dabiré RK, Kaboré A, and Diagbouga PS
- Abstract
We report the frequency and associated factors of tuberculosis (TB) and parasite coinfection from newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients (TB+) and non-TB participants (TB-) from the Regional Tuberculosis Control Center, households, and health facilities in Bobo-Dioulasso from 2019 to 2021. Biological samples were examined for parasite infection using direct microscopy, concentration techniques, and the immunochromatographic rapid test. Data were analyzed using STATA 14. Of a total of 192 participants involved, 95 were TB+ and 97 were non-TB. There was no statistically significant difference in parasitic infections between the two groups, although it was higher in TB+ than TB- (69.5% [66/95] versus 55.7% [54/97]; P = 0.07). Protozoal infection prevalence was significantly higher in patients with TB+ than in those TB- (61.1% versus 37.1%; P = 0.001). Specifically, Entamoeba spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. followed this pattern with 35.8% versus 19.6% (P = 0.01) and 22.1% versus 8.3% (P = 0.007), respectively. Although higher in TB+ patients, helminthiasis frequency was not significantly different between the two groups (23.2% versus 15.5%; P = 0.2). Helminth species were Schistosomia mansoni (17.9% versus 12.4%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (3.2% versus 1.0%), Enterobius vermicularis (2.1% versus 2.1%), Wuchereria bancrofti (1.1% versus 0.0%), and Hymenolepis nana (1.1% versus 0.0%). Illiteracy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.0-6.1), smoking (aOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.3), and handwashing after defecation (aOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2-4.7) were associated with parasites. This study reported a high frequency of parasite coinfection in TB patients. These findings suggest the need for adequate health education for behavioral change and systematic diagnosing of parasites in TB patients for better coinfection management.
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- 2024
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24. Pharmaceutical approaches for enhancing solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
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Nyamba I, Sombie CB, Yabre M, Zime-Diawara H, Yameogo J, Ouedraogo S, Lechanteur A, Semde R, and Evrard B
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High solubility in water and physiological fluids is an indispensable requirement for the pharmacological efficacy of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Indeed, it is well established that pharmaceutical substances exhibiting limited solubility in water are inclined towards diminished and inconsistent absorption following oral administration, consequently resulting in variability in therapeutic outcomes. The current advancements in combinatorial chemistry and pharmaceutical design have facilitated the creation of drug candidates characterized by increased lipophilicity, elevated molecular size, and reduced aqueous solubility. Undoubtedly, the issue of poorly water-soluble medications has been progressively escalating over recent years. Indeed, 40% of the top 200 oral medications marketed in the United States, 33% of drugs listed in the US pharmacopoeia, 75% of compounds under development and 90% of new chemical entities are insufficiently water-soluble compounds. In order to address this obstacle, formulation scientists employ a variety of approaches, encompassing both physical and chemical methods such as prodrug synthesis, salt formation, solid dispersions formation, hydrotropic substances utilization, solubilizing agents incorporation, cosolvent addition, polymorphism exploration, cocrystal creation, cyclodextrins complexation, lipid formulations, particle size reduction and nanoformulation techniques. Despite the utilization of these diverse approaches, the primary reason for the failure in new drug development persists as the poor aqueous solubility of pharmaceutical compounds. This paper, therefore, delves into the foundational principles that underpin the implementation of various formulation strategies, along with a discussion on the respective advantages and drawbacks associated with each approach. Additionally, a discourse is provided regarding methodological frameworks for making informed decisions on selecting an appropriate formulation strategy to effectively tackle the key challenges posed during the development of a poorly water-soluble drug candidate., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2024
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25. Whole-genome sequencing of major malaria vectors reveals the evolution of new insecticide resistance variants in a longitudinal study in Burkina Faso.
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Kientega M, Clarkson CS, Traoré N, Hui TJ, O'Loughlin S, Millogo AA, Epopa PS, Yao FA, Belem AMG, Brenas J, Miles A, Burt A, and Diabaté A
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- Animals, Burkina Faso, Longitudinal Studies, Evolution, Molecular, Insecticides pharmacology, Malaria transmission, Insecticide Resistance genetics, Anopheles genetics, Anopheles drug effects, Mosquito Vectors genetics, Mosquito Vectors drug effects, Whole Genome Sequencing
- Abstract
Background: Intensive deployment of insecticide based malaria vector control tools resulted in the rapid evolution of phenotypes resistant to these chemicals. Understanding this process at the genomic level is important for the deployment of successful vector control interventions. Therefore, longitudinal sampling followed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) is necessary to understand how these evolutionary processes evolve over time. This study investigated the change in genetic structure and the evolution of the insecticide resistance variants in natural populations of Anopheles gambiae over time and space from 2012 to 2017 in Burkina Faso., Methods: New genomic data have been generated from An. gambiae mosquitoes collected from three villages in the western part of Burkina Faso between 2012 and 2017. The samples were whole-genome sequenced and the data used in the An. gambiae 1000 genomes (Ag1000G) project as part of the Vector Observatory. Genomic data were analysed using the analysis pipeline previously designed by the Ag1000G project., Results: The results showed similar and consistent nucleotide diversity and negative Tajima's D between An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anopheles coluzzii. Principal component analysis (PCA) and the fixation index (F
ST ) showed a clear genetic structure in the An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) species. Genome-wide FST and H12 scans identified genomic regions under divergent selection that may have implications in the adaptation to ecological changes. Novel voltage-gated sodium channel pyrethroid resistance target-site alleles (V402L, I1527T) were identified at increasing frequencies alongside the established alleles (Vgsc-L995F, Vgsc-L995S and N1570Y) within the An. gambiae s.l., Populations: Organophosphate metabolic resistance markers were also identified, at increasing frequencies, within the An. gambiae s.s. populations from 2012 to 2017, including the SNP Ace1-G280S and its associated duplication. Variants simultaneously identified in the same vector populations raise concerns about the long-term efficacy of new generation bed nets and the recently organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl indoor residual spraying in Burkina Faso., Conclusion: These findings highlighted the benefit of genomic surveillance of malaria vectors for the detection of new insecticide resistance variants, the monitoring of the existing resistance variants, and also to get insights into the evolutionary processes driving insecticide resistance., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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26. Assessment of household preferences for net textile type (polyester versus polyethylene) for decision-making of the National Malaria Control Programme in Burkina Faso: methods for a quasi-experimental study.
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Hien AS, Hien H, Badolo H, Somda SMA, Bazié H, Bacyè FI, Kompaoré S, Guira M, and Meda N
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- Burkina Faso, Humans, Polyethylene, Polyesters, Decision Making, Textiles, Surveys and Questionnaires, Malaria prevention & control, Mosquito Control methods, Mosquito Control statistics & numerical data, Insecticide-Treated Bednets statistics & numerical data, Family Characteristics
- Abstract
Background: A quasi-experimental comparative trial will be designed in Burkina Faso. The study will compare the use and preferences for two groups types of insecticide-treated nets textile: polyester-based and polyethylene-based, according to their use and preferences in selected health districts. These health districts will be selected in three eco-climate zones (Sahelian, dry savannah and wet savannah) in the country. These findings will inform decisions on future net procurements for national malaria control programme in 2025., Methods: Quantitative surveys and qualitative data collection will be carried out to gather information on the type of net textile most commonly used and preferred by the community. They will be performed between the end of the dry season and the early rainy season. The quantitative surveys involved household interviews with households and individuals' questionnaires, while the qualitative data collection involved in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions to explore and clarify some key evaluation criteria. A total of 9450 insecticide-treated nets were surveyed for quantitative survey purposes. For the qualitative study, 48 in-depth individual interviews and 12 focus group discussions were carried out. A mixed model approach combining the results from quantitative surveys and qualitative studies will be used for decision-making on the type of insecticide-treated net preference., Conclusion: This methodological approach will be used by the National Malaria Control Programme to conduct this study on determinants of net use in Burkina Faso in order to provide robust evidence across diverse settings. This mixed-methods approach for data collection and analysis could be used in other countries to provide evidence that would help to increase the uptake of insecticide-treated nets, the main vector control tool in Africa., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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27. Quality of nutritional status assessment and its relationship with the effect of rainfall on childhood stunting: a cross-sectional study in rural Burkina Faso.
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Yeboah E, Lohmann J, Koulidiati JL, Kuunibe N, Kyei NNA, Hamadou S, Ridde V, Danquah I, Brenner S, and De Allegri M
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- Humans, Burkina Faso epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Male, Infant, Female, Nutrition Assessment, Climate Change, Growth Disorders epidemiology, Rural Population statistics & numerical data, Nutritional Status, Rain
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Objectives: In Burkina Faso, one in every four children under 5 years is stunted. Climate change will exacerbate childhood stunting. Strengthening the health system, particularly the quality of nutrition care at primary health facilities, can minimise the adverse climate effect on stunting. Thus, we examined the quality of nutritional status assessment (QoNA) during curative childcare services in primary health facilities in rural Burkina Faso and its relationship with rainfall-induced childhood stunting., Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using anthropometric, rainfall, and clinical observation data., Methods: Our dependent variable was the height-for-age z-score (HAZ) of children under 2 years. Our focal climatic measure was mean rainfall deviation (MRD), calculated as the mean of the difference between 30-year monthly household-level rainfall means and the corresponding months for each child from conception to data collection. QoNA was based on the weight, height, general paleness and oedema assessment. We used a mixed-effect multilevel model and analysed heterogeneity by sex and socio-economic status., Results: Among 5027 young (3-23 months) children (mean age 12 ± 6 months), 21% were stunted (HAZ ≤ -2). The mean MRD was 11 ± 4 mm, and the mean QoNA was 2.86 ± 0.99. The proportion of children in low, medium, and high QoNA areas was 10%, 54%, and 36%, respectively. HAZ showed a negative correlation with MRD. Higher QoNA lowered the negative effect of MRD on HAZ (β = 0.017, P = 0.003, confidence interval = [0.006, 0.029]). Males and children from poor households benefited less from the moderating effect of QoNA., Conclusion: Improving the quality of nutrition assessments can supplement existing efforts to reduce the adverse effects of climate change on children's nutritional well-being., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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28. Analysis of the Genetic Variation and Geographic Distribution Patterns of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Strains in Citrus Production in Burkina Faso.
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Zerbo KBF, Yameogo F, Wonni I, and Somda I
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- Burkina Faso, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Phylogeny, Xanthomonas genetics, Citrus microbiology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Genetic Variation
- Abstract
It is essential to have a thorough knowledge of the genetic variation among different strains of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri , which is responsible for causing citrus bacterial canker. This understanding is important for studying disease characteristics, population structure, and evolution and ultimately for developing sustainable methods of control. A total of 48 strains obtained from citrus production areas in Burkina Faso in 2012, 2020, and 2021 were subjected to Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) tests using specific primers. The aim was to examine the distribution of type 3 effectors and determine the geographical origins of the strains. The examination of the distribution of type 3 non-transcription-activator-like effectors (TALEs) revealed a broader range of strains obtained in 2020 and 2021 than in 2012. However, all the strains possessed a shared set of three genes, specifically, XopE2, XopN, and AvrBs2. Furthermore, all examined effectors were observed in the Bobo-Dioulasso region. Regarding the characterization of TALEs, two profiles containing two to three TALEs were discovered. Profile 1, consisting of two TALEs, was found in 37 X. citri pv. citri strains, whereas Profile 2, comprising three TALEs, was detected in 11 strains. Among the three TALEs (A, B, and C) that were identified, TALEs B and C were present in all the strains. The correlation matrix indicated a positive association between the type 3 effector content of strains and the duration of their isolation. Principal component analysis revealed a limited organization of the strains under investigation. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license., Competing Interests: The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.
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- 2024
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29. Impact of Terrorism on the Use of Healthcare Services in Burkina Faso Between 2015 and 2022.
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Konate S, Somda SMA, and Malo S
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- Burkina Faso, Humans, Health Services statistics & numerical data, Terrorism
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Burkina Faso has been facing a security crisis due to terrorism since 2015. This study aims to assess the impact of the attacks on the use of healthcare services. This is a secondary study on data from the country's health data warehouse and the ACLED security data warehouse. After a description, generalized additive models were used to assess the impact of attacks on the use of health services. Between January 2015 and December 2022, 2449 kidnap/disappearance attacks, armed attacks, bombings and landmine explosions were perpetrated, causing 4965 deaths. The Sahel region was the most targeted (36.37% of attacks and 50.57% of deaths). Only population density had a significant impact on the use of health services (p<5%). The models were valid. Our study has shown that, despite the persistent insecurity in Burkina Faso, people are resilient and, above all, continue to seek out the most important healthcare services. It is therefore important to work to maintain the supply of these services.
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- 2024
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30. In Silico Screening of Phytocompounds from West African Traditional Medicine and Molecular Docking Targeting Dengue Virus Protein NS2B/NS3.
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Kantagba YMK, Barro SG, Nikiema SLW, and Staccini P
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- Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Dengue Virus drug effects, Medicine, Traditional, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Phytochemicals chemistry, Africa, Western, Computer Simulation, Humans, Viral Proteases, Serine Endopeptidases, Molecular Docking Simulation, Viral Nonstructural Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Viral Nonstructural Proteins chemistry
- Abstract
Traditional medicine offers a wide range of application for in silico study techniques. This drug research and development strategy is embryonic in the West African context, particularly in Burkina Faso, which is increasingly faced with emerging diseases such as dengue fever. Circulation of the 4 serotypes of this virus has been documented in the country. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of phytocompounds contained in the West African pharmacopoeia against dengue virus NS2B/NS3 protein, using computational methods integrating several software packages and databases. Based on a literature review, we identified 191 molecules from 30 plants known for their antiviral effects. Five met the inclusion criteria for molecular docking: patulin from calotropis procera, resiniferonol from Euphorbia poissonii, Securinol A from Flueggea virosa, Shikimic acid and Methyl gallate from Terminalia macroptera. The best binding scores were observed between resiniferonol and the serotypes 1, 2 and 4 NS2B/NS3 protease, with binding energies of -7.4 Kcal/mol, -6.8 Kcal/mol and -7.3 Kcal/mol respectively; while the NS2B/NS3 protease of serotype 3 had the best affinity for securinol A (-7 Kcal/mol). This study points the way to further research in computer aided drug design field and calls for multidisciplinary collaboration to promote West African medicinal plants against health challenges.
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- 2024
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31. Utilization of novel molecular multiplex methods for the detection and, epidemiological surveillance of dengue virus serotypes and chikungunya virus in Burkina Faso, West Africa.
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Gomgnimbou MK, Belem LRW, Some K, Diallo M, Barro B, Kaboré A, Hafalla JCR, and Sangaré I
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- Humans, Burkina Faso epidemiology, Middle Aged, Female, Adult, Adolescent, Aged, Male, Child, Preschool, Child, Serogroup, Aged, 80 and over, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Young Adult, Epidemiological Monitoring, Animals, Aedes virology, Dengue Virus genetics, Dengue Virus isolation & purification, Chikungunya virus genetics, Chikungunya virus isolation & purification, Dengue epidemiology, Dengue virology, Dengue diagnosis, Dengue blood, Chikungunya Fever epidemiology, Chikungunya Fever virology, Chikungunya Fever diagnosis, Chikungunya Fever blood
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Background: Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are major arboviruses that are transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti (A. aegypti) and Aedes Albopictus (A. Albopictus) mosquitoes. In absence of specific antivirals and vaccine against these two viruses, prompt diagnosis of acute infections and robust surveillance for outbreak identification remain crucial. Therefore, rapid, robust, high-throughput, accessible, and low-cost assays are essential for endemic countries. This study evaluated our recently developed multiplex RT-PCR and RT-qPCR assays to screen for DENV1-4 and CHIKV circulation in Burkina Faso., Methods and Results: This study, conducted between June to August 2023, enrolled patients with suspected arbovirus infection presenting at healthcare facilities in three Burkina Faso cities (Bobo-Dioulasso, Houndé, and Ouagadougou). Serum samples were collected and screened for DENV serotypes and CHIKV using our newly multiplex RT-PCR and RT-q PCR techniques recently developed. A total of 408 patients (age median = 33, range from 3 to 84 years) participated in this study. Of these, 13.7% (56/408) had DENV infection; DENV-1 was 32.1% (18/56) and DENV-3 was 67.9% (38/56). DENV-2, DENV-4 and CHIKV were not detected., Conclusions: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of our molecular methods for DENV detection and serotyping in Burkina Faso. The affordability of our methods makes them valuable for implementing widespread routine clinical diagnostics or arbovirus surveillance in resource-limited settings., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2024
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32. Acute and Chronic Oral Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Extract of Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae) in Wistar Rats.
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Coulidiaty AGV, Boni SI, Ouedraogo R, Koama BK, Soré H, Meda RN, Yaméogo TM, and Youl ENH
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Background: Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich). Hochst, popularly known as Morula, is a plant in the Anacardiaceae family. The bark, fruits, and leaves have traditionally been used to manage a variety of health conditions, most especially diabetes. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of data and publications on the toxicity and safety of this plant., Purpose: The current study was designed to assess the acute and chronic toxicity of a hydro-ethanolic extract of Sclerocarya birrea in albino rats., Materials and Methods: Sclerocarya birrea was extracted using an 80-20% hydro-ethanolic solution. For the acute toxicity study, female Wistar albino rats were treated with hydro-ethanolic leaf extract at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and followed-up for 14 days. In the chronic toxicity study, 40 healthy Wistar albino rats were divided in 4 groups. The three treatment groups were administered the leaf hydro-ethanolic extract orally at dosages of 30, 150, and 1000 mg/kg once day for 90 days and the fourth group was a control group. Body and organs weights, haematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological parameters were measured at the end of the experiment., Results: Single-dose oral administration of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sclerocarya birrea at 5000 mg/kg produced no mortality indicating the LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. Following 90 days of administration of a hydro-ethanolic extract of Sclerocarya birrea leaves, there was no significant change in body and organs weights. Furthermore, biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters did not vary significantly., Conclusion: This data indicates neither acute or chronic toxicity in rats and is consistent with the widespread and long-term usage of Sclerocarya birrea in African traditional medicine., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Coulidiaty et al.)
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- 2024
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33. Assessment of optimal blood exposure time at 37 °C during in vitro tsetse flies feeding for quality production in mass-rearing colonies.
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Pagabeleguem S, Yoda RL, Somda MB, Toé AI, Bagayogo A, Dao D, Dabiré MA, and Yoni M
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- Animals, Female, Male, Pupa growth & development, Pupa physiology, Blood, Time Factors, Fertility, Insect Control methods, Feeding Behavior, Temperature, Longevity, Tsetse Flies physiology
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Control of African animal trypanosomosis is implemented through an integrated control strategy, with the sterile insect technique (SIT) as one of its components. The SIT requires mass rearing of tsetse fly colonies using an in vitro feeding system. The exposure of blood at 37 °C on heating plates over time can have an impact on the quality of fly productivity. In this study, we investigated the survival and fecundity of adult tsetse flies fed at 37 °C on 8 blood exposure times ranging from 30 min to 4 h with increments of 30 min (treatment 1, flies were fed 30 min after exposure to blood at 37 °C; treatment 2, 1 h and so on until treatment 8 [4 h after]) in order to determine the optimal exposure time. In addition, bacterial growth in blood from each treatment was assessed by agar culture at 37 °C for 72 h. The results showed that the adult female survival rates were similar regardless of the treatment. For males, only those of treatment 1 (30 min) showed a marginal lower survival than those of treatments 7 and 8 fed after 3 h 30 min and 4 h of blood exposure, respectively. Over the 4-h interval of blood exposure at 37 °C, the results showed that the number of pupae produced per initial female and pupal weight tended to increase with exposure time, but the differences were not significant. We discuss the implications of these results on tsetse mass rearing for the SIT program., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2024
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34. A multi-component intervention to reduce bias during family planning visits: qualitative insights on implementation from Burkina Faso, Pakistan and Tanzania.
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Moucheraud C, Wollum A, Awan MA, Dow WH, Friedman W, Koulidiati JL, Sabasaba A, Shah M, and Wagner Z
- Abstract
Beyond Bias was an intervention introduced in Burkina Faso, Pakistan and Tanzania, with the aim of reducing health worker bias toward young, unmarried and nulliparous women seeking family planning services. This study used qualitative methods - based on interviews with health workers who participated in the intervention, managers at health facilities that participated in the intervention, and policy and program stakeholders at the national level - to understand implementation experiences with the intervention. The results offer insights for organizations or countries seeking to implement Beyond Bias or similar programs, and point to some other key implementation challenges for multi-component interventions in lower-resource settings. The intervention, developed using a human-centered design approach, was seen as key for successful implementation but there were logistical challenges. The digital intervention was disruptive and distracting to many. In addition, the non-financial rewards intervention was perceived as complex, and some participants expressed feeling discouraged when they did not receive a reward. Beyond Bias did not sufficiently attend to the "outer setting," and this was perceived as a major implementation barrier as it limited individuals' capacity to fully achieve the desired behavior change; for example, space constraints meant that some health facilities could not ensure private services for all clients. There were scalability concerns related to cost, and there is uncertainty whether diversity of contexts (within and across countries) might constrain implementation of Beyond Bias at scale., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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35. Immunological and Haematological Relevance of Helminths and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Coinfection among Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients from Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
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Djibougou DA, Mensah GI, Kaboré A, Toé I, Sawadogo LT, Lompo PF, Kone AMM, Hien H, Meda CZ, Combary A, Bonfoh B, Addo KK, Belem AM, Dabiré RK, Hoffmann J, Perreau M, and Diagbouga PS
- Abstract
The effect of helminthiasis on host immunity is a neglected area of research, particularly in tuberculosis (TB) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of helminthiasis on immunological and haematological parameters in newly diagnosed TB patients in Bobo-Dioulasso. After all biological analyses, we formed three subpopulations: group 1 ( n = 82), as control, were participants without helminthic or Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection ( Mtb -/Helm-), group 2 ( n = 73) were TB patients without helminthic infection ( Mtb +/Helm-), and group 3 ( n = 22) were TB patients with helminthic infection ( Mtb +/Helm+). The proportion of helminth coinfection was 23.16% (22/95) in TB patients, and Schistosoma mansoni infection was found in 77.3% (17/22) cases of helminthiasis observed in this study. A low CD4 T cell count and a low CD4:CD8 ratio were significantly associated with concomitant infection with helminths and the Mtb complex ( Mtb +/Helm+) compared to the other groups ( p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the CD8 median among the three participating groups ( p > 0.05). Lymphopenia, monocytosis, thrombocytosis, and hypochromic microcytic anaemia were the haematological defects observed in the Mtb+ /Helm+ and Mtb+ /Helm- patients. Exploring these types of immune-haematological biomarkers would be a valuable aid in diagnosing and a better follow-up and monitoring of the tuberculosis-helminthiasis coinfection.
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- 2024
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36. Impact of mentoring on the implementation of the quality management system in clinical laboratories in Burkina Faso, West Africa.
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Yenyetou D, Sanou I, Madingar PD, Ouattara C, Zongo E, Zongo Z, Ouedraogo AS, and Sangare I
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- Burkina Faso, Humans, Laboratories, Clinical standards, Laboratories, Clinical organization & administration, Mentoring standards, Mentoring organization & administration, Quality Improvement standards, Quality Improvement organization & administration
- Abstract
In Burkina Faso, the implementation of the quality management system remains weak in diagnostic laboratories. Integrating mentoring into the life of clinical diagnostic laboratories, a qualified mentor is essential for quality system control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the mentoring process on quality improvement. Mentoring process was implemented at nine laboratories. The process consisted of a one-week mentor stay in the laboratory as one visit, with four in total. The SLIPTA checklist was used as a measurement tool. Two audits were performed (before and after the implementation of the mentoring process. The audit data were analyzed to estimate the effect of mentoring on quality improvement. A score difference of 24.55% was found significant between the two audits (paired Student's t-test p-value = 0.0002). The variables non-conformities, corrective/preventive actions, and facilities/safety have factored more than eight points between the two audits. However, the management/customer service and information one have only slightly increased (2.27 and 0.63, respectively). Mentoring has improved the quality management system in laboratories. However, some points of the process need to be improved to bring these laboratories toward international accreditation.
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- 2024
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37. Optimized spray-dried conditions' impact on fatty acid profiles and estimation of in vitro digestion of spray-dried chia/fish oil microcapsules.
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Rahim MA, Regenstein JM, Al-Asmari F, Imran M, Ramadan MF, Rocha JMF, Hussain I, and Zongo E
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- Plant Oils chemistry, Salvia chemistry, Fatty Acids chemistry, Humans, Fish Oils chemistry, Capsules, Spray Drying
- Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are of interest due to their potential health properties and have a significant role in reducing the risk of various chronic diseases in humans. It is commonly used as a supplement. However, lipid oxidation is an important negative factor caused by environmental, processing, and limited water solubility of LCPUFA, making them difficult to incorporate into food products. The objective of this research work was to prevent oxidation, extend shelf life, enhance the stability of fatty acids, and to achieve controlled release by preparing spray-dried powder (SDM). For spray-drying, aqueous emulsion blends were formulated using a 1:1 ratio of chia seed oil (CSO) and fish oil (FO) and using a laboratory-scale spray-dryer with varying conditions: inlet air temperature (IAT, 125-185 °C), wall material (WM, 5-25%), pump speed (PS, 3-7 mL/min), and needle speed (NS, 3-11 s). The maximum alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content was 33 ± 1%. The highest values of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the microcapsules were 8.4 ± 0.4 and 13 ± 1%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared and X-Ray diffraction analysis results indicated that SDM was successfully formulated with Gum Arabic and maltodextrin (MD). The blending without encapsulation of CSO and FO was digested more efficiently and resulted in more oil being released with simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), and SGF + SIF conditions without heating. No significant changes were observed for saturated, monounsaturated, and LCPUFA, whether exposed or not to gastrointestinal conditions. However, compared to the release of SDM, it can be useful for designing delivery systems for the controlled release of essential fatty acids., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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38. Assessing greywater characteristics in the sahel region and perception of the local population on its reuse in agriculture.
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Compaoré COT, Ouili AS, Zongo SG, Dabré D, Maiga Y, Mogmenga I, Palé D, Tindouré RGN, Nikiema M, Ouattara CAT, and Ouattara AS
- Abstract
Research on greywater reuse in water stressed areas is in full swing. However, the perception of greywater reuse is one of the least researched areas in West Africa, particularly in Sahelian countries. This study aimed to fills a significant gap in the existing literature, which has largely ignored the specific socio-demographic contexts of developing countries in the Sahelian regions. The study involved in-depth interviews with 240 rural households and the collection of 40 greywater samples in four locations for laboratory analysis. The survey focused on greywater management and household perceptions of greywater reuse in agriculture. The analyses focused on determining the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of greywater collected from households. The results showed that over 80 % of households discharged greywater into the natural environment without prior treatment. The majority of respondents were aware that poor greywater management poses a health risk. The results also showed an association between locality, gender, education level and perceptions of poor grey water management. Respondents were willing to accept the reuse of greywater in agriculture, to consume irrigated vegetables and to install a greywater treatment system. The quality analysis showed that the greywater was not in compliance with the legal discharge limits. This study highlights that in order to promote sustainable greywater management practices within households, it is important to design effective greywater treatment systems that meet the needs of the target population. Awareness campaigns, education and training programmes on wastewater management could also be established., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)
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- 2024
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39. Epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of histoplasmosis: A systematic review.
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Zida A, Guiguemdé TK, Sawadogo MP, Tchekounou C, Sangaré I, and Bamba S
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- Humans, Amphotericin B therapeutic use, Africa epidemiology, Histoplasmosis epidemiology, Histoplasmosis diagnosis, Histoplasmosis drug therapy, Histoplasma isolation & purification, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Itraconazole therapeutic use
- Abstract
Histoplasmosis is a mycosis due to a dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This study aimed at providing an overview of histoplasmosis epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects from the last 30 years. This review was carried out using a systematic literature search on histoplasmosis from 1992 to 2021. We describe the clinical features, diagnostic methods and treatment. Empirical searches were conducted via the databases PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Between 1992 and 2021, 190 manuscripts were published and reported 212 cases of histoplasmosis. These publications included 115 and 97 cases of American and African histoplasmosis respectively. The number of publications increased over the last ten years with a maximum in 2020 (12.34 % of the cases reported). The disseminated forms of histoplasmosis were the most frequently reported cases as compared to the localized forms. This was the case with the American histoplasmosis (75.65 %) as well as with the African histoplasmosis (55.67 %). Itraconazole (31.17 %) and Amphotericin B (26.62 %) were the most used drugs in the management of these cases. American histoplasmosis is distributed worldwide whereas African histoplasmosis is mainly present in intertropical Africa. There is a critical need for setting up a global surveillance system, towards a better understanding of the disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We hereby declare no conflict of interest related to this work., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)
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- 2024
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40. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on ART Initiation and Access to HIV Viral Load Monitoring in Adults Living With HIV in West Africa: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis.
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Ben Farhat J, Tiendrebeogo T, Malateste K, Poda A, Minga A, Messou E, Chenal H, Ezechi O, Ofotokun I, Ekouevi DK, Bonnet F, Barger D, and Jaquet A
- Subjects
- Humans, Adult, Male, Female, Cote d'Ivoire epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2, Middle Aged, Africa, Western epidemiology, Nigeria epidemiology, Burkina Faso epidemiology, Health Services Accessibility, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections virology, Viral Load, COVID-19 epidemiology, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objectives: Efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic have potentially compromised the availability and/or quality of HIV services. We aimed to assess the pandemic's impact on antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and HIV viral load (VL) monitoring in 3 West African countries., Methods: We used routinely collected data from 5 clinics contributing to the International epidemiologic Database to Evaluate AIDS collaboration in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Nigeria. We included ART-naïve adults living with HIV initiating ART from January 1, 2018. We conducted regression discontinuity analysis to estimate changes in the number of ART initiations and VL measures per week, before and during the pandemic period in each country., Results: In clinics in Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire, ART initiations per week remained constant throughout the studied periods (-0.24 points (p) of ART initiations/week 95% CI: -5.5 to 5.9, -0.9 p, 95% CI: -8.5 to 8.6, respectively), whereas in Nigeria's clinic, they decreased significantly (-6.3 p, 95% CI: -10.8 to -1.7) after the beginning of the pandemic. The volume of VL tests performed decreased significantly in all 3 countries (-17.0 p, 95% CI: -25.3 to -8.6 in Burkina Faso, -118.4 p, 95% CI: -171.1 to -65.8 in Côte d'Ivoire and -169.1 p, 95% CI: -282.6 to -55.6 in Nigeria)., Conclusions: HIV clinics in two out of three countries in West Africa demonstrated resilience as they successfully maintained access to ART for ALWH despite the challenges imposed by the pandemic. However, VL monitoring was severely disrupted and did not return to prepandemic levels approximately 1 year after the beginning of the pandemic. Continued monitoring of the HIV care continuum in the postpandemic period is essential to mitigate potential enduring effects on ALWH's virological and clinical outcomes., Competing Interests: D.B. has received speaking fees from Gilead, MSD, and ViiV outside the scope of the submitted work. The remaining authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
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- 2024
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41. Learning from history of natural disasters in the Sahel: a comprehensive analysis and lessons for future resilience.
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Coly SM, Zorom M, Leye B, Karambiri H, and Guiro A
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- Floods, Droughts, Humans, Disasters, Natural Disasters
- Abstract
One of the first environmental crises to attract interest in development initiatives and aid was the great drought of the 1970s in the Sahel. This study investigates the extent of damage caused by natural disasters from one of the most widely used databases-EM-DAT-with a sample size of 16 Sahelian countries over the period 1960-2020. These countries have been divided into three regions: Western Africa Sahel (WAS), Central Africa Sahel (CAS), and Eastern Africa Sahel (EAS). The analyses encompass four categories of natural hazards, namely, biological, climatological, hydrological, and meteorological. We used descriptive and test statistics to summarize the natural disaster records. Through this approach, we explore tendencies to identify the most frequently reported natural hazards; we examine their spatial distribution and evaluate their impacts in terms of socioeconomic damage and causalities. During the study period, a total of 1000 events were recorded in the database. The Western Africa Sahel (WAS) region had the highest number of disasters, with 476 events, followed by the Eastern Africa Sahel (EAS) region with 369 events. The most common hazards in the Sahel were hydrological (41.8%), mainly floods, and biological (39.5%) hazards. Approximately 300 million people in the Sahel were affected by natural hazards, with 59.17% in EAS, 36.48% in WAS, and 4.35% in CAS. Although droughts occurred less frequently (14%), they had a significant impact on the population, affecting 84% of those affected by natural hazards. In general, EAS experiences a higher impact from natural hazards, potentially influenced by the pastoral lifestyle of its population. However, WAS is also very vulnerable to natural hazards especially epidemics and nowadays floods. The uncontrolled urbanization in the area may contribute to this vulnerability., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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42. Phytochemicals profiling of Cassia fistula fruit extract and its effect on serum lipids and hematological parameters in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic female rats.
- Author
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Tariq M, Ahmad N, Nisa MU, Rahim MA, and Zongo E
- Abstract
Cassia fistula ( C. fistula ) has shown strong anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antitussive, antibacterial, and antifungal properties and is being used for healing wounds and gastrointestinal illness. This study was planned to obtain fruit extract from C. fistula using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) technique and evaluated for phytochemical contents, anti-hyperlipidemia, and hematological parameters. The results showed that total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), condensed tannin (CT), and saponins were 13.07 mg GAE/g, 5.24 mg QE/g, 4.01 mg/g, and 27.55%, respectively, in the extract. Proximate composition of the extract showed 2.48%, moisture, 1.25% fat, 2.80% ash, 4.59% fiber, 11.93% protein, and 76.95% NFE. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) activity was 63.30 μg/mL and 15.02 nmol/g, respectively. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats were orally administrated with 0.5 and 1.0 g of extract/kg body weight (bw) daily. The reduction of total cholesterol (TC: 90.83 ± 8.86 mg/dL), triglycerides (TG; 74.16 ± 9.10 mg/dL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL; 74.83 ± 4.66 mg/dL) and increase of high-density lipoproteins (HDL; 41.83 ± 8.4 mg/dL) was observed. Significant changes in red blood cells (RBCs; 8.03 ± 0.6710
6 /μL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC; 35.02 ± 1.78 g/dL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH; 18.00 ± 0.26 pg), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV; 55.36 ± 4.01 fL) at 1.0 g extract intake was observed. Extract administration also improved significantly liver enzymes, body weight, and liver morphology. Therefore, C. fistula extract can be effectively used as a therapeutic agent to improve serum biochemistry and hematological values., Competing Interests: No competing interests for any purpose are declared by the authors., (© 2024 The Author(s). Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2024
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43. Assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward human tuberculosis amongst rural communities in Chad.
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Didi L, Abakar MF, Bongo Naré Richard N, Djané A, Kessely H, Issaka Y, Diagbouba S, Adrien Marie Gaston B, Zinsstag J, Bonfoh B, and Dürr S
- Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. In sub-Saharan African countries such as Chad, TB is endemic and causes a high burden on humans and animals through morbidity, mortality, and reduced productivity in livestock. To effectively prevent and control the disease, strong coordination between policymakers, health and veterinary services, civil society organizations, and communities is needed. It also requires an understanding of the knowledge the communities have regarding TB. However, such knowledge is under-investigated, especially in rural areas. How knowledge affects people's attitudes and practices is also unclear. The main objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Chadian rural communities to better involve them in TB surveillance programs., Methods: A survey was conducted in 2021 in five rural health centers. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with persons suspected of having TB, and data on KAP were recorded and analyzed., Results: In total, 139 participants were enrolled. Overall, the knowledge and attitude of the participants were found to be good to moderate, with 126 (90.6%) and 97 (69.7%) having good knowledge and attitude, respectively. However, their practices were found to be rather weak, with only 40 (28.7%) participants having good practices. Men were found to have good knowledge about the disease significantly more often than women. Poor attitude was significantly associated with a mobile lifestyle compared to settled lifestyles and with farmers (mainly engaged in agriculture) compared to breeders (livestock keepers). Poor health practices were associated more with men than women and with settled lifestyles compared to a mobile lifestyle. Good practices were found to be in line with good knowledge and good attitudes; however, in the analyses, the association was not significant [OR knowledge = 5.83 (95% C.I. 0.6842.83), p = 0.112; OR attitude = 2.09 (95% C.I. 0.875.04), p = 0.100]. Furthermore, attitude was not associated with knowledge [OR = 1.03 (95% C.I. 0.303.55), p = 0.964]., Discussion and Conclusion: Our study highlights the need for targeted sensitization and awareness campaigns for communities with poor knowledge and attitudes regarding TB. These campaigns should also include practical training to increase the level of good practice rather than simply providing knowledge., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Didi, Abakar, Bongo Naré Richard, Djané, Kessely, Issaka, Diagbouba, Adrien Marie Gaston, Zinsstag, Bonfoh and Dürr.)
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- 2024
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44. A simple, field-applicable method to increase the infectivity of wild isolates of Plasmodium falciparum to mosquito vectors.
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Ouattara SB, Hien DFDS, Nao ET, Paré PSL, Guissou E, Cohuet A, Morlais I, Yerbanga RS, Dabiré KR, Ouédraogo JB, Mouline K, and Lefèvre T
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- Animals, Humans, Malaria, Falciparum parasitology, Malaria, Falciparum transmission, Female, Feeding Behavior, Plasmodium falciparum physiology, Anopheles parasitology, Mosquito Vectors parasitology
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Background: The direct membrane feeding assay (DMFA), whereby gametocyte-infected blood is collected from human donors and from which mosquitoes feed through a membrane, is proving essential for assessing parameters influencing Plasmodium transmission potential in endemic countries. The success of DMFAs is closely tied to gametocyte density in the blood, with relatively high gametocytaemia ensuring optimal infection levels in mosquitoes. As transmission intensity declines with control efforts, the occurrence of asymptomatic individuals with low gametocyte densities, who can significantly contribute to the infectious reservoir, is increasing. This poses a limitation to studies relying on the experimental infection of large numbers of mosquitoes with natural isolates of Plasmodium. A simple, field-applicable method is presented for improving parasite infectivity by concentrating Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes., Methods: Anopheles gambiae received one of the following 5 blood treatments through DMFA: (i) whole blood (WB) samples from naturally-infected donors; (ii) donor blood whose plasma was replaced with the same volume of Plasmodium-naive AB + serum (1:1 control); (iii) plasma replaced with a volume of malaria-naïve AB + serum equivalent to half (1:1/2), or to a quarter (1:1/4), of the initial plasma volume; and (v) donor blood whose plasma was fully removed (RBC). The experiment was repeated 4 times using 4 distinct wild parasite isolates. Seven days post-infection, a total of 1,095 midguts were examined for oocyst presence., Results: Substituting plasma with reduced amounts (1:1/2 and 1:1/4) of Plasmodium-naive AB + serum led to a 31% and 17% increase of the mosquito infection rate and to a 85% and 308% increase in infection intensity compared to the 1:1 control, respectively. The full removal of plasma (RBC) reduced the infection rate by 58% and the intensity by 64% compared to the 1:1 control. Reducing serum volumes (1:1/2; 1:1/4 and RBC) had no impact on mosquito feeding rate and survival when compared to the 1:1 control., Conclusions: Concentrating gametocytic blood by replacing natural plasma by lower amount of naive serum can enhance the success of mosquito infection. In an area with low gametocyte density, this simple and practical method of parasite concentration can facilitate studies on human-to-mosquito transmission such as the evaluation of transmission-blocking interventions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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45. First detection of triazole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus harbouring the TR34/L98H Cyp51A mutation in Burkina Faso.
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Yerbanga IW, Lagrou K, Merckx R, Nakanabo Diallo S, Gangneux JP, Delabarre A, Denis O, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, Montesinos I, and Bamba S
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- Humans, Burkina Faso epidemiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Aspergillosis microbiology, Aspergillosis epidemiology, Air Microbiology, Aspergillus fumigatus genetics, Aspergillus fumigatus drug effects, Aspergillus fumigatus isolation & purification, Drug Resistance, Fungal genetics, Triazoles pharmacology, Fungal Proteins genetics, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System genetics, Mutation
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Background: Triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (TRAF) isolates are a growing public health problem with worldwide distribution. Epidemiological data on TRAF is limited in Africa, particularly in West Africa., Objectives: This study aimed to screen for the environmental presence of TRAF isolates in the indoor air of two hospitals in Burkina Faso., Materials and Methods: Air samples were collected in wards housing patients at risk for invasive aspergillosis, namely infectious diseases ward, internal medicine ward, nephrology ward, pulmonology ward, medical emergency ward and paediatric ward. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented with triazoles was used to screen the suspected TRAF isolates and EUCAST method to confirm the resistance of suspected isolates. Sequencing of cyp51A gene was used to identify the resistance mechanism of confirmed TRAF isolates., Results: Of the 198 samples collected and analysed, 67 showed growth of A. fumigatus isolates. The prevalence of TRAF isolates was 3.23% (4/124). One TRAF isolate exhibited a pan-triazole resistance. Sequencing of cyp51A gene identified the TR34/L98H mutation for this pan-triazole resistant isolate. This study showed for the first time the circulation of the pan-azole resistant isolate harbouring the TR34/L98H mutation in Burkina Faso., Conclusions: These findings emphasise the need to map these TRAF isolates in all parts of Burkina Faso and to establish local and national continuous surveillance of environmental and clinical TRAF isolates in this country., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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46. Systematic Review of Chemical Compounds with Immunomodulatory Action Isolated from African Medicinal Plants.
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Nikiema WA, Ouédraogo M, Ouédraogo WP, Fofana S, Ouédraogo BHA, Delma TE, Amadé B, Abdoulaye GM, Sawadogo AS, Ouédraogo R, and Semde R
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- Humans, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Immunomodulating Agents pharmacology, Immunomodulating Agents chemistry, Immunomodulating Agents isolation & purification, Immunologic Factors pharmacology, Immunologic Factors chemistry, Immunologic Factors isolation & purification, Africa, Animals, Plants, Medicinal chemistry, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Phytochemicals chemistry
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A robust, well-functioning immune system is the cornerstone of good health. Various factors may influence the immune system's effectiveness, potentially leading to immune system failure. This review aims to provide an overview of the structure and action of immunomodulators isolated from African medicinal plants. The research was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Full-text access research articles published in English up to December 2023, including plant characteristics, isolated phytochemicals, and immuno-modulatory activities, were screened. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were generated using ChemDraw
® (version 12.0.1076), and convergent and distinctive signaling pathways were highlighted. These phytochemicals with demonstrated immunostimulatory activity include alkaloids (berberine, piperine, magnoflorine), polysaccharides (pectin, glucan, acemannan, CALB-4, GMP90-1), glycosides (syringin, cordifolioside, tinocordiside, aucubin), phenolic compounds (ferulic acid, vanillic acid, eupalitin), flavonoids (curcumin, centaurein, kaempferin, luteolin, guajaverin, etc.), terpenoids (oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, boswellic acids, corosolic acid, nimbidin, andrographolides). These discussed compounds exert their effects through various mechanisms, targeting the modulation of MAPKs, PI3K-Akt, and NF-kB. These mechanisms can support the traditional use of medicinal plants to treat immune-related diseases. The outcomes of this overview are to provoke structural action optimization, to orient research on particular natural chemicals for managing inflammatory, infectious diseases and cancers, or to boost vaccine immunogenicity.- Published
- 2024
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47. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Invasive Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Burkina Faso.
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Traoré N, Kientega M, Maïga H, Nebié K, Zida I, Galizi R, Kiendrebeogo E, Sow BBD, Belem AMG, Dabiré RA, and Diabaté A
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Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is a highly invasive horticultural pest that is of major economic importance worldwide. In Burkina Faso, it is one of the main insect pests that affects the production and exportation of mangos. Understanding the biology and the genetic dynamics of this insect pest provides crucial information for the development of effective control measures. The aim of this study was to understand the distribution, diversity, and genetic structure of B. dorsalis in Burkina Faso. Male flies were collected transversally in Burkina Faso and analyzed by PCR using 10 microsatellite markers. The results showed an abundance of B. dorsalis varying from 87 to 2986 flies per trap per day at the different sampling sites. The genetic diversity was high at all sites, with an average Shannon's Information Index (I) of 0.72 per site. The gene flow was high between study populations and ranged from 10.62 to 27.53 migrants. Bayesian admixture analysis showed no evidence of structure, while Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components identified three weakly separated clusters in the population of B. dorsalis in Burkina Faso. The results of this study could be used to optimize the effectiveness of current control interventions and to guide the implementation of new, innovative, and sustainable strategies.
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- 2024
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48. Helminth exposure and immune response to the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen.
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Barry H, Lhomme E, Surénaud M, Nouctara M, Robinson C, Bockstal V, Valea I, Somda S, Tinto H, Meda N, Greenwood B, Thiébaut R, and Lacabaratz C
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- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Africa, Antibodies, Helminth blood, Cytokines immunology, Ebolavirus immunology, Ebolavirus genetics, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Helminthiasis immunology, Helminthiasis prevention & control, Helminths immunology, Helminths genetics, Immunoglobulin G blood, Aged, Antibodies, Viral blood, Ebola Vaccines immunology, Ebola Vaccines administration & dosage, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola prevention & control, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola immunology
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Background: The exposure to parasites may influence the immune response to vaccines in endemic African countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between helminth exposure to the most prevalent parasitic infections, schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminths infection and filariasis, and the Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) antibody concentration in response to vaccination with the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen in African and European participants using samples obtained from three international clinical trials., Methods/principal Findings: We conducted a study in a subset of participants in the EBL2001, EBL2002 and EBL3001 clinical trials that evaluated the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen against EVD in children, adolescents and adults from the United Kingdom, France, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, Uganda and Sierra Leone. Immune markers of helminth exposure at baseline were evaluated by ELISA with three commercial kits which detect IgG antibodies against schistosome, filarial and Strongyloides antigens. Luminex technology was used to measure inflammatory and activation markers, and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines at baseline. The association between binding IgG antibodies specific to EBOV GP (measured on day 21 post-dose 2 and on Day 365 after the first dose respectively), and helminth exposure at baseline was evaluated using a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age and study group. Seventy-eight (21.3%) of the 367 participants included in the study had at least one helminth positive ELISA test at baseline, with differences of prevalence between studies and an increased prevalence with age. The most frequently detected antibodies were those to Schistosoma mansoni (10.9%), followed by Acanthocheilonema viteae (9%) and then Strongyloides ratti (7.9%). Among the 41 immunological analytes tested, five were significantly (p < .003) lower in participants with at least one positive helminth ELISA test result: CCL2/MCP1, FGFbasic, IL-7, IL-13 and CCL11/Eotaxin compared to participants with negative helminth ELISA tests. No significant association was found with EBOV-GP specific antibody concentration at 21 days post-dose 2, or at 365 days post-dose 1, adjusted for age group, study, and the presence of any helminth antibodies at baseline., Conclusions/significance: No clear association was found between immune markers of helminth exposure as measured by ELISA and post-vaccination response to the Ebola Ad26.ZEBOV/ MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen., Trial Registration: NCT02416453, NCT02564523, NCT02509494. ClinicalTrials.gov., Competing Interests: I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: VB and CR were full-time employees of Janssen Vaccines and Prevention at the time of the study and may hold shares of Johnson & Johnson., (Copyright: © 2024 Barry et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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49. Anopheles aquatic development kinetic and adults' longevity through different seasons in laboratory and semi-field conditions in Burkina Faso.
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Djègbè NDC, Da DF, Somé BM, Paré LIG, Cissé F, Mamai W, Mouline K, Sawadogo SP, Challenger JD, Churcher TS, and Dabiré RK
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- Female, Animals, Seasons, Burkina Faso epidemiology, Mosquito Vectors, Ovum, Larva, Anopheles
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Anopheles mosquitoes are ectothermic and involved in numerous pathogen transmissions. Their life history traits are influenced by several environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity and photoperiodicity. Despite extensive investigations of these environmental conditions on vector population ecology, their impact on the different life stages of Anopheles at different seasons in the year remains poorly explored. This study reports the potential impact of these abiotic factors on the immature and adult stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato during different seasons., Methods: Environmental conditions were simulated in the laboratory using incubators to mimic the environmental conditions of two important periods of the year in Burkina Faso: the peak of rainy season (August) and the onset of dry season (December). Eggs from wild An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.l. were reared separately under each environmental condition. For Anopheles coluzzii or An. gambiae s.l., eggs were equally divided into two groups assigned to the two experimental conditions. Four replicates were carried out for this experiment. Then, egg hatching rate, pupation rate, larval development time, larva-to-pupae development time, adult emergence dynamics and longevity of Anopheles were evaluated. Also, pupae-to-adult development time from wild L3 and L4 Anopheles larvae was estimated under semi-field conditions in December., Results: A better egg hatching rate was recorded overall with conditions mimicking the onset of the dry season compared to the peak of the rainy season. Larval development time and longevity of An. gambiae s.l. female were significantly longer at the onset of the dry season compared than at the peak of the rainy season. Adult emergence was spread over 48 and 96 h at the peak of the rainy season and onset of dry season conditions respectively. This 96h duration in the controlled conditions of December was also observed in the semi-field conditions in December., Conclusions: The impact of temperature and relative humidity on immature stages and longevity of An. gambiae s.l. adult females differed under both conditions. These findings contribute to a better understanding of vector population dynamics throughout different seasons of the year and may facilitate tailoring of control strategies., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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50. [Prognostic factors for neonatal mortality at the Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study].
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Ouattara CA, Tinto R, Traore IT, Traore S, Tamboura H, Bamouni J, Meda ZC, and Savadogo LGB
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- Humans, Burkina Faso epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infant, Newborn, Prognosis, Male, Female, Infant, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Premature, Birth Weight, Risk Factors, Asphyxia Neonatorum mortality, Asphyxia Neonatorum diagnosis, Delivery, Obstetric statistics & numerical data, Retrospective Studies, Infant Mortality, Hospitals, University
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Introduction: to help reduce neonatal mortality in Burkina Faso, we identified the prognostic factors for neonatal mortality at the Sourô Sanou University Hospital., Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study in the neonatal department from July 25, 2019 to June 25, 2020. Patients' medical records, consultation and hospital records were reviewed. Prognostic factors for neonatal mortality were identified using a Cox model., Results: data from 1128 newborn babies were analysed. Neonatal mortality was 29.8%. Most of these deaths (89%) occurred in the early neonatal period. The mean weight of newborns at the admission was 2,285.8 ± 878.7 and 43.6%. They were at a healthy weight. Four out of five newborns had been hospitalized for infection or prematurity. The place of delivery (HR weight <1000g = 5.45[3.81 -7.79]) and the principal diagnosis (HR asphyxiation= 1.64[1.30-2.08]) were prognostic factors for neonatal mortality., Conclusion: improving technical facilities for the etiological investigation of infections and an efficient management of low-weight newborns suffering from respiratory distress would considerably reduce in-hospital neonatal mortality in Bobo-Dioulasso., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d'intérêts., (Copyright: Cheick Ahmed Ouattara et al.)
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- 2024
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