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Problématique : Comment sensibiliser les étudiants RH aux enjeux de la transition écologique ? Positionnement théorique : Réflexivité managériale (Alvesson et al., Lamri et al.) = manager rh responsable, acculturation professionnelle précoce vs. réflexivité (intérêt et limites de l’apprentissage), pédagogie active : méthode de facilitation / gamification (Abt, Alvarez, Lépinard, Oriol & David, Gardet & Riché, De Clercq et al., Dumazert, Kapp K.M. et al.). Public : 65 étudiants en Master GRH – 1ère année – en apprentissage.

International audience; Les pratiques pédagogiques ont évolué et l’enseignement supérieur s’est ouvert à des formes d’innovations très hétérogènes, en particulier les méthodes dites « actives ». La ludification d’un enseignement constitue une réponse à cet enjeu d’apprentissage actif, notamment vis-à-vis d’un public d’étudiants en alternance, de niveau Master, dans le cadre d’une formation en management. Notre question de recherche est la suivante : Comment former de jeunes managers de projet en alternance à la communication à travers un dispositif de ludopédagogie ?Notre proposition pédagogique consiste en un « serious gaming intégral » : « le détournement sans modification d’un jeu du commerce pour l’utiliser dans le cadre d’une formation ». Le jeu est au service d’un dispositif pédagogique qui cible des compétences managériales clairement identifiées (à travers un référentiel). Nous présentons le détournement d’un jeu de plateau (ou jeu de société) commercial -Pandemic-, pour l’adapter à une séquence de cours en management de projet (la communication). Ce détournement est potentiellement mobilisable dans plusieurs contextes didactiques étant donné les compétences « transversales » sollicitées (« soft-skills »).

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International audience; « Je découvre cet e-mail un lundi matin. L’auteur l’a envoyé la veille, un dimanche après-midi. L’objet précise d’emblée le caractère « urgent » de la demande. Joint au message, un tableau Excel que je m’empresse d’ouvrir. C’est un enchaînement de textes et de chiffres sur lesquels je dois me prononcer. Il m’en faut valider le contenu le plus vite possible… »La Stupidité Fonctionnelle est un processus organisationnel qui privilégie l’efficacité immédiate et la réponse rapide aux directives. Ce processus a un impact direct sur les capacités cognitives individuelles : nous ne réfléchissons plus. C’est l'incapacité et/ou la réticence à utiliser nos capacités cognitives et réflexives autrement que de manière étroite et circonscrite aux limites des actes techniques.Vous faites preuve de stupidité fonctionnelle parce que votre organisation vous mobilise comme une ressource productive en négligeant vos capacités intellectuelles ; vous êtes aussi, dans une certaine mesure, complice de la situation… aussi nous faudra-t-il un peu d’humour et de légèreté pour regarder en face nos propres fonctionnements.

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International audience; Resonance: Long-Lived Waves, a new volume in the Interface Transmission Tutorial Book series, introduces long-life resonance properties for telecommunications. The book's authors review the general analysis methods of interface transmission, giving many examples and applying these methods to telecommunications systems (materials and devices). Each chapter introduces and defines the long-lived resonances, their path states and phase shifts, and applications.This book is suitable for materials scientists and engineers in academia and R&D, and may also be appropriate for applied physicists.

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Web applications are at every corner of modern society.The largest web applications can serve millions of people.These applications are expected to be strongly reliable and stable yet capable to evolve to adapt to its users.At such a scale, these expectations can only be met through huge resources and time.For this reason, it is critical to further our ability to understand the structure of web applications to ease their maintenance and evolution.In this thesis, we explore web application structure through a variety of lenses: web testing, data extraction and web analytics.Our study shows that many web-related research, regardless of the research domain, suffer greatly from the lack of a generic fully unsupervised web application abstraction inference solution. We attempt to develop such a solution iteratively leading to three main contributions:SFTM. Similarity-based Tree Matching, an algorithm allowing to match two web pages. Compared to traditional, generic Tree Matching algorithms, SFTM produces better matchings for computation times several orders of magnitude smaller.ERRATUM. An approach allowing to repair locators on web applications. ERRATUM strongly improves the quality of repairs for little to no overhead. We integrated ERRATUM to a widely used open-source testing framework.APPSTRACT. An approach to automatically generate an abstraction of a web application. APPSTRACT combines intra-page abstraction and inter-page abstraction using SFTM to generate robust and semantically-rich application-wide locator identifiers for each element of a webpage.We believe our work opens up many new possibilities in a variety of research domains, in particular: the computation speed of SFTM enables approaches that were previously unpractical with generic tree matching and the approach we describe in APPSTRACT could pioneer new web analytics or web testing generation solutions based on web application abstraction.; Les applications web sont omniprésentes au sein de la société moderne.Les plus grandes applications web peuvent servir des millions de personnes.On attend de ces applications qu'elles soient fiables et stables tout en étant capables d'évoluer pour s'adapter à ses utilisateurs.À une telle échelle, ces attentes ne peuvent être satisfaites qu'avec d'énormes ressources et du temps.Pour cette raison, il est essentiel d'approfondir notre capacité à comprendre la structure des applications web pour faciliter leur maintenance et leur évolution.Dans cette thèse, nous explorons la structure des applications web sous plusieurs angles : les tests web, l'extraction de données et l'analyse de comportement utilisateur sur le web.Notre étude montre que de nombreuses recherches liées au web, quel que soit le domaine de recherche, souffrent grandement de l'absence d'une solution générique d'inférence d'abstraction d'applications web entièrement non supervisée. Nous tentons de développer une telle solution de manière itérative aboutissant à trois contributions principales :SFTM. Tree Matching basé sur la similarité, un algorithme permettant de faire correspondre deux pages Web. Comparé aux algorithmes de matching d'arbres génériques traditionnels, SFTM produit de meilleures matching pour des temps de calcul de plusieurs ordres de grandeur plus petits.ERRATUM. Une approche permettant de réparer les localisateurs sur les applications web. ERRATUM améliore fortement la qualité des réparations pour peu ou pas de frais généraux. Nous avons intégré ERRATUM à un cadre de test open source largement utilisé.APPSTRACT. Une approche pour générer automatiquement une abstraction d'une application Web. APPSTRACT combine l'abstraction intra-page et l'abstraction inter-page à l'aide de SFTM pour générer des identifiants de localisation robustes et sémantiquement riches à l'échelle de l'application pour chaque élément d'une page Web.Nous pensons que notre travail ouvre de nombreuses nouvelles possibilités dans une variété de domaines de recherche, en particulier : la vitesse de calcul de SFTM permet des approches qui n'étaient auparavant pas possibles avec le matching d'arbres génériques et l'approche que nous décrivons dans APPSTRACT pourrait ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles solutions pour l'analyse de comportement utilisateur sur le web ou de génération de tests.

Les applications Web sont omniprésentes dans la société moderne.Certaines applications Web peuvent servir des millions de personnes.Ces applications se doivent d'etre fiables et stables tout en étant capables d'évoluer pour s'adapter à ses utilisateurs.À une telle échelle, ces attentes ne peuvent être satisfaites qu'avec d'importantes ressources.Pour cette raison, il est essentiel d'approfondir notre capacité à comprendre la structure des applications Web pour faciliter leur maintenance et leur évolution.Dans cette thèse, nous explorons la structure des applications Web à travers plusieurs perspectives : les tests Web, l'extraction de données et l'analyse Web.Notre étude montre que de nombreuses recherches liées au Web, quel que soit le domaine de recherche, souffrent grandement de l'absence d'une solution générique d'inférence d'abstraction d'applications Web entièrement non supervisée. Nous tentons de développer une telle solution de manière itérative aboutissant à trois contributions principales :SFTM Similarity-based Tree Matching, un algorithme permettant de faire correspondre deux pages web. Comparé aux algorithmes de correspondance d'arbres génériques traditionnels, SFTM produit de meilleures correspondances plus rapidement.ERRATUM une approche permettant de réparer les localisateurs sur les applications web. ERRATUM améliore fortement la qualité des réparations pour peu ou pas de frais généraux. Nous avons intégré ERRATUM à logiciel de test open source largement utilisé.APPSTRACT une approche pour générer automatiquement une abstraction d'une application web. APPSTRACT combine l'abstraction intra-page et l'abstraction inter-page à l'aide de SFTM pour générer des identifiants de localisation robustes et sémantiquement riches à l'échelle de l'application pour chaque élément d'une page Web.Nous pensons que notre travail ouvre de nombreuses nouvelles possibilités dans une variété de domaines de recherche, en particulier : la vitesse de calcul de SFTM permet des approches qui n'étaient auparavant pas possibles avec l'appariement d'arbres génériques et l'approche que nous décrivons dans APPSTRACT pourrait ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles analyses Web ou à des solutions de génération de tests Web basées sur l'abstraction d'applications Web. Web applications are at every corner of modern society.The largest web applications can serve millions of people.These applications are expected to be strongly reliable and stable yet capable to evolve to adapt to its users.At such a scale, these expectations can only be met through huge resources and time. For this reason, it is critical to further our ability to understand the structure of web applications to ease their maintenance and evolution.In this thesis, we explore web application structure through a variety of lenses: web testing, data extraction and web analytics.Our study shows that many web-related research, regardless of the research domain, suffer greatly from the lack of a generic fully unsupervised web application abstraction inference solution. We attempt to develop such a solution iteratively leading to three main contributions:SFTM Similarity-based Tree Matching, an algorithm allowing to match two web pages. Compared to traditional, generic Tree Matching algorithms, SFTM produces better matchings for computation times several orders of magnitude smaller.ERRATUM an approach allowing to repair locators on web applications. ERRATUM strongly improves the quality of repairs for little to no overhead. We integrated ERRATUM to a widely used open-source testing framework.APPSTRACT an approach to automatically generate an abstraction of a web application. APPSTRACT combines intra-page abstraction and inter-page abstraction using SFTM to generate robust and semantically-rich application-wide locator identifiers for each element of a webpage.We believe our work opens up many new possibilities in a variety of research domains, in particular: the computation speed of SFTM enables approaches that were previously unpractical with generic tree matching and the approach we describe in APPSTRACT could pioneer new web analytics or web testing generation solutions based on web application abstraction.

International audience; While certain dimensions of employee retention have been addressed in the literature (Meyer, Allen, 1997; Hanin et al., 2013, Charbonnier-Voirin, 2021), few researchers have focused their work on apprentices as sources of talent for organisations. The aim of this article is to understand the factors that encourage apprentices to be hired following their apprenticeship experience in occupations in short supply, and more specifically in the maintenance sector. The aim is to identify the motivations of apprentices, but also to demonstrate the important role played by apprenticeship masters in securing and transforming an apprenticeship contract into a full-time fixed-term contract (FTC) or an open-ended contract (OTC). Our exploratory research methodology is based on participant observation and semi-directive interviews in which tutors and apprentices expressed their points of view. On the basis of the data collected and in relation to the literature, we will identify the main ways in which apprenticeships can be used as a solution for recruiting to occupations in short supply.; Si certaines dimensions de la fidélisation des salariés ont été abordées dans la littérature (Meyer, Allen, 1997 ; Hanin et al., 2013, Charbonnier-Voirin, 2021), peu nombreux sont les chercheurs qui ont centré leurs travaux sur les apprentis, sources de talent pour les organisations. Cet article vise à comprendre les facteurs qui favorisent l’embauche des apprentis à la suite de leur expérience en apprentissage vers les métiers en pénurie, et plus précisément en ce qui concerne le secteur de la maintenance. L’objectif est ainsi d’identifier les motivations des apprentis, mais aussi de démontrer le rôle important que jouent les maîtres d’apprentissage dans le but de pérenniser et transformer un contrat d’apprentissage en Contrat à durée déterminée (CDD) temps plein ou en Contrat à durée indéterminée (CDI). Notre méthodologie de recherche exploratoire se base sur de l’observation participante et des entretiens semi-directifs dans lesquels tuteurs et apprentis ont exprimé leurs points de vue. À la suite des données recueillies mis en relation avec les éléments de littérature, nous relèverons les principaux leviers afin de faire de l’apprentissage, une solution au recrutement vers les métiers en pénurie.

International audience; Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Current management strategies suppress or modulate immune function, all with consequences and known side effects. They demonstrate a high level of success in limiting new relapses. However, the neurodegenerative process still affects both grey and white matter in the central nervous system. The sigma1 (S1R) ligand-regulated chaperone is implicated in many biological processes in various CNS-targeted diseases, acting on neural plasticity, myelination and neuroinflammation. Among the proteins involved in MS, S1R has therefore emerged as a promising new target. Standard and robust methods have been adopted to analyze the adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) properties, safety pharmacology and toxicology of a previously synthetized simple benzamide-derived compound with nanomolar affinity for S1R, high selectivity, no cytotoxicity and good metabolic stability. The compound was also characterized as an agonist based on well-validated assays prior to in vivo investigations. Interestingly, we found that the oral administration of this compound resulted in an overall significant reduction in clinical progression in an MS experimental model. This effect is mediated through S1R action. Our results further suggest the potential use of this compound in the treatment of MS.

International audience; The concept of bound states in the continuum (BICs) in a simple cavity attracts much interest in recent works in wave physics. The BICs are perfectly confined modes with an infinite lifetime that reside inside the continuous spectrum of radiative modes, but they remain totally decoupled from it. There exist several types of BICs based on their physical origin: one of the most interesting types is Friedrich-Wintgen (FW) BICs which result from the destructive interference of two resonant modes belonging to the same cavity. Here, we investigate theoretically and experimentally the existence of FW BICs in a side-coupled loop. The cavity is made of a loop of length 2d=d2+d3 connected to a stub of length d4. The whole cavity is attached vertically to two semi-infinite waveguides by a wire of length d1. We demonstrate that the BICs can be induced either by the loop-stub system or by the two arms of lengths d2 and d3 of the loop for specific geometrical parameters. When a perturbation in the system produces a deviation from the BIC condition, the latter transforms to either electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or reflection (EIR) or Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) resonances. Both EIT and ATS exhibit similar features in the transmission spectrum, namely, a transparency window; however, they have different physical origins. Therefore, EIT and ATS resonances are fitted with corresponding analytical model expressions, revealing good agreements. The Akaike's information criterion is then used to quantitatively discern EIT from ATS and the transition from ATS to EIT is also carried out. Our theoretical results are obtained by means of the Green's function method which enables us to obtain the transmission and reflection coefficients, dispersion relations, as well as density of states and scattering matrix. An experimental validation of all these results is performed in the radio-frequency domain using coaxial cables.

International audience; The design and study of structures exhibiting bound states in the continuum (BICs) are the object of continuous works in wave physics. These long-lived states which are localized in some parts of the system without interacting with the background have found several potential applications due to their high sensitivities to weak perturbations, in particular in filtering and sensing. In this paper, we present a theoretical demonstration of BICs in an asymmetric loop composed of two arms of lengths d1 and d2 with both an experimental validation in the radio-frequency (RF) domain using coaxial cables and a numerical validation in the infrared (IR) domain using plasmonic metal-insulator-metal nanometric waveguides. The analytical study is performed by means of the Green’s function method, whereas the numerical calculation is obtained using finite element method. The BICs correspond to localized resonances of infinite lifetime inside the loop, without any leakage into the surrounding waveguides. We demonstrate that the condition for the existence of the BICs is to make the lengths of the two arms (d1 and d2) commensurate with each other. At the corresponding frequencies, one of the two degenerate modes of the isolated loop (associated with the clockwise and anti-clockwise propagations) couples to the waveguides while the other remains unaffected. When the lengths are slightly shifted from the BICs, the latter transform to Fano resonances exhibiting dips in the transmission spectra and sharp peaks in the density of states (DOS). As an application of our design, we show the efficiency of the Fano resonances in designing an efficient gaz-sensor with a high sensitivity and factor of merit in the IR domain. In addition, we derive an exact formula about the proportionality between DOS and the derivative of the argument of the determinant of the scattering matrix (Friedel phase) for a lossless structure; then, we discuss the validity and deviation from this rule when the loss is increased.

International audience; Background data: EA is the most frequent congenital esophageal malformation. Long gap EA remains a therapeutic challenge for pediatric surgeons. A case case-control prospective study from a multi-institutional national French data base was performed to assess the outcome, at age of 1 and 6 years, of long gap esophageal atresia (EA) compared with non-long gap EA/tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF). The secondary aim was to assess whether initial treatment (delayed primary anastomosis of native esophagus vs. esophageal replacement) influenced mortality and morbidity at ages 1 and 6 years.Methods: A multicentric population-based prospective study was performed and included all patients who underwent EA surgery in France from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010. A comparative study was performed with non-long gap EA/TEF patients. Morbidity at birth, 1 year, and 6 years was assessed.Results: Thirty-one patients with long gap EA were compared with 62 non-long gap EA/TEF patients. At age 1 year, the long gap EA group had longer parenteral nutrition support and longer hospital stay and were significantly more likely to have complications both early post-operatively and before age 1 year compared with the non-long gap EA/TEF group. At 6 years, digestive complications were more frequent in long gap compared to non-long gap EA/TEF patients. Tracheomalacia was the only respiratory complication that differed between the groups. Spine deformation was less frequent in the long gap group. There were no differences between conservative and replacement groups at ages 1 and 6 years except feeding difficulties that were more common in the native esophagus group.Conclusions: Long gap strongly influenced digestive morbidity at age 6 years.Keywords: Complications; Dysphagia; Esophageal atresia; Esophageal replacement; Gastro-esophageal reflux disease; Long gap esophageal atresia; Midterm outcomes.

International audience; Le chapitre expose une expérience pédagogique en deux phases visant à développer la pensée réflexive des apprenants. La première phase met l’accent sur la capacité de compréhension et d’analyse d’une situation de communication pour appréhender la construction du discours. La seconde phase favorise, quant à elle, la prise de parole en public dont la finalité est la joute oratoire. Par l’alternance de feedbacks réalisés par les enseignants et de recherches documentaires réalisées par les apprenants, ces derniers seront en mesure de développer progressivement leur réflexivité.

Le point de départ dialectique de cette communication pose la contradiction intrinsèque entre la technocratie néolibérale et le processus démocratique. Le néolibéralisme est entendu comme une forme de rationalité qui recherche intrinsèquement une efficacité optimale des humains et non humains (au sens de M. Callon et B. Latour, 2002). Cette visée néolibérale renvoie le processus démocratique dans les sphères de l’idéologie et de l’irrationnel. Au niveau des organisations, le management en constitue un avatar : le (auto-)gouvernement des individus et des organisations sur un principe d’efficacité intrinsèque. Nous nous basons sur les travaux du philosophe états-unien Andrew Feenberg pour envisager la possibilité d’une démocratisation du management qui mette en question l’enjeu intrinsèque d’efficacité porté par la technocratie néolibérale.

Resume Contexte L’etude de l’impact economique des pratiques medicales et l’evaluation des couts intra- et extrahospitaliers ont une place importante dans le controle des depenses de notre systeme de sante. Peu d’etudes se sont interessees a cet aspect des chirurgies bilaterales en une seance operatoire. Aussi, nous avons realise une etude medicoeconomique afin de savoir si le resurfacage total de hanche (RTH) bilateral en un temps operatoire versus en deux temps permettait : (1) une depense moindre du systeme de sante (couts d’hospitalisation, arret de travail, reeducation), (2) tout en maintenant la meme surete pour le patient. Hypothese Un resurfacage de hanche bilaterale en un temps est moins onereux pour le systeme de sante qu’un resurfacage de hanche bilateral en deux temps. Methode Il s’agissait d’une etude retrospective analytique monocentrique, de cohorte, mono-operateur, comparant les patients porteurs de RTH bilateral ayant ete operes en 1 temps (53 cas) ou en 2 temps (77 cas). Nous avons etudie les couts intrahospitaliers grâce aux echelles nationales de couts et extrahospitaliers (arret de travail et reeducation), les donnees perioperatoires (pertes sanguines, temps operatoires, duree des morphiniques, complications medicales et chirurgicales) et le suivi jusqu’au recul moyen de 4,8 annees [1,7–10,1]. Resultats Les couts totaux du groupe « 1 temps » (16 840,94 ± 7042,7 €) etaient significativement (p = 0,0101) moins importants que ceux du groupe « 2 temps » (19 335,0 ± 7296,9 €). Les 2 groupes etaient comparables sauf pour la repartition des etiologies (coxarthrose primaire 72 % (38/53) groupe 1 % vs 49 % (38/77) groupe 2 (p = 0,0111)). Les principales differences entre les deux groupes etaient le cout et la duree de l’hospitalisation avec respectivement 10 546,06 ± 2049,47 €, DMS = 9,83 ± 2,19 jours pour le groupe 1 et 13 569,49 ± 2186,30 €, DMS = 15,04 ± 3,15 jours pour le groupe 2 (p Conclusion La realisation d’un RTH bilateral en une seule hospitalisation est moins couteuse en termes de depenses de sante publique que celle en 2 hospitalisations. Des etudes similaires concernant d’autres interventions aideraient a promouvoir la bilateralisation de ces gestes et la revalorisation de leur cotation actuellement sous cotee dans le systeme de sante francais. Niveau de preuve III, Etude cas temoin retrospective.

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Many older adults take benzodiazepines and sedative-hypnotics for the treatment of sleep disorders. With a view to considering the possible discontinuation of hypnotics, the objectives of the present study were to describe bedtime habits and sleep patterns in older adults and to identify the sleep medications taken. An expert group developed a structured interview guide for assessing the patients’ bedtime habits, sleep patterns, and medications. During an internship in a community pharmacy, 103 sixth-year pharmacy students conducted around 10 interviews each with older adults (aged 65 or over) complaining of sleep disorders and taking at least one of the following medications: benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine derivatives (“Z-drugs”), antihistamines, and melatonin. A prospective, observational study was carried out from 4 January to 30 June 2016. The pharmacy students performed 960 interviews (with 330 men and 630 women; mean ± standard deviation age: 75.1 ± 8.8). The most commonly taken hypnotics were the Z-drugs zolpidem (n = 465, 48%) and zopiclone (n = 259, 27%). The vast majority of patients (n = 768, 80%) had only ever taken a single hypnotic medication. The median [interquartile range] prescription duration was 120 (48–180) months. About 75% (n = 696) of the patients had at least 1 poor sleep habit, and over 41% (n = 374) had 2 or more poor sleep habits. A total of 742 of the patients (77%) reported getting up at night—mainly due to nycturia (n = 481, 51%). Further, 330 of the patients (35%) stated that they were keen to discontinue their medication, of which 96 (29%) authorized the pharmacist to contact their family physician and discuss discontinuation. In France, pharmacy students and supervising community pharmacists can identify problems related to sleep disorders by asking simple questions about the patient’s sleep patterns. Together with family physicians, community pharmacists can encourage patients to discuss their hypnotic medications.

International audience; « Comment développer le sens des responsabilités chez nos étudiants ? » S’il s’agit là d’une question posée par des enseignants en management depuis de nombreuses années, la manière d’y répondre évolue à la lumière des problématiques sociales émergentes. Le poids de la responsabilité glisse peu à peu vers les salariés au même titre que les responsabilités ont glissé des donneurs d’ordre vers leurs prestataires lorsqu’il s’agit, par exemple, de prouver que les achats effectués sont bien qualifiables de « responsables ». Finalement, les étudiants auront aussi, et encore plus en tant que futurs gestionnaires RH, à endosser cette responsabilité. Ainsi, problématique de cette communication est la suivante : comment accompagner les étudiants en GRH pour qu’ils deviennent des professionnels responsables ?Dans cette communication, nous présentons le résultat d’une expérience menée auprès d’étudiants en 1ère année de Master Gestion des Ressources Humaines. 62 étudiants en alternance ont participé à une rentrée organisée sous le signe de l’innovation pédagogique et de la citoyenneté. L’expérience pédago-gique qui leur a été proposée visait à leur faire produire une réflexion collective à partir de l’affirmation suivante : « Gestionnaire RH citoyen » Trois dimensions ressortent de l’analyse :1.La citoyenneté c’est avoir des droits, des devoirs et respecter des règles,2.La fonction RH est une fonction technique qui a des responsabilités vis-à-vis de son environnement,3.Le gestionnaire RH sera confronté à des problématiques environnementales majeures conjugués aux changements induits par le processus de digitalisation et les évolutions sociétales.

In recent decades, technological advances have made it possible to collect large data sets. In this context, the model-based clustering is a very popular, flexible and interpretable methodology for data exploration in a well-defined statistical framework. One of the ironies of the increase of large datasets is that missing values are more frequent. However, traditional ways (as discarding observations with missing values or imputation methods) are not designed for the clustering purpose. In addition, they rarely apply to the general case, though frequent in practice, of Missing Not At Random (MNAR) values, i.e. when the missingness depends on the unobserved data values and possibly on the observed data values. The goal of this paper is to propose a novel approach by embedding MNAR data directly within model-based clustering algorithms. We introduce a selection model for the joint distribution of data and missing-data indicator. It corresponds to a mixture model for the data distribution and a general MNAR model for the missing-data mechanism, which may depend on the underlying classes (unknown) and/or the values of the missing variables themselves. A large set of meaningful MNAR sub-models is derived and the identifiability of the parameters is studied for each of the sub-models, which is usually a key issue for any MNAR proposals. The EM and Stochastic EM algorithms are considered for estimation. Finally, we perform empirical evaluations for the proposed submodels on synthetic data and we illustrate the relevance of our method on a medical register, the TraumaBase ® dataset.

International audience; Abstract: Satisfaction with life as a judgmental cognitive process can be negatively influenced by appraisals of daily events such as hassles. Trait-gratitude—a tendency to appraise, recognize and respond to life events through being grateful—is a determinant of mental health and well-being, and has been shown to be related to the positive appraisal of life. The aim of the current study was to investigate the moderating role of trait-gratitude in the relationship between daily hassles and satisfaction with life. In the process of carrying out this study, the French version of the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) was validated. A total of 328 French undergraduates completed questionnaires measuring gratitude, satisfaction with life, and daily hassles to test the main hypothesis. They also completed optimism, coping strategies, depression, and anxiety questionnaires in order to assess the convergent validity of the French version of the GQ-6. First, the results showed satisfactory psychometric properties of the Gratitude Questionnaire. Second, the results indicated the moderating role of trait-gratitude in the relationship between daily hassles disturbance and satisfaction with life. This study further documents the role of gratitude as a determinant of well-being and provides French-speaking clinicians and researchers with a useful tool to measure grateful disposition.

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International audience

Introduction The number of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revisions is expected to increase 601% in the United States between 2005 and 2030. This type of information is not available in France, and the last national study on this topic was done in 2000. This led us to perform a comparative study to determine if 1) the frequency of TKA revisions has increased and 2) the reasons for reoperation have changed relative to data gathered in 2000 at a single hospital in France. Hypothesis The frequency of TKA revision has increased between the two studies, performed 15 years apart. Material and methods In this retrospective observational single-center study (January 2013 to December 2016), all patients with a TKA who were reoperated with or without any component change were included. This cohort was compared to our historical cohort defined in 2000 of 68 TKA reoperations between January 1991 and January 1998. The reasons for revision were determined by consulting computerized patient records to find the disease history, clinical examinations, imaging findings, laboratory tests and the surgery report. Cases due to periprosthetic fractures, infection and skin-related complications were excluded in order to be consistent with the indications of the historical cohort. Results Between 2013 and 2016, 349 TKA revisions were performed, and 255 met the inclusion criteria. Note that the historical cohort had 68 cases. The mean time elapsed between the primary TKA and revision procedure was 5.3 years [34 days to 31 years]. Eight reasons for reoperation were identified. Aseptic loosening (85 cases (33.3%)), stiffness (70 cases (27.5%)), tibiofemoral laxity (39 cases (15.3%)) and patellar complications (34 cases (13.3%)) were the four most common reasons for reoperation. The frequency has changed over time: relative to 2000, the annual frequency increased by a factor of 6.5. The reasons have also changed over time: there was an increase in revisions for aseptic loosening (33.3% vs. 23.5%), stiffness (27.5% vs. 20.6%) and knee joint laxity (15.3% vs. 10.3%). Conversely, there was a reduction in revisions for patellar complications (13.3% vs. 26.5%), unexplained pain (0.4% vs. 8.8%) and patellar clunk syndrome (1.2% vs. 4.4%). Discussion The number of TKA revisions has increased by a factor of 6.5, with aseptic loosening still being the most common reason. The number of revisions performed for stiffness and knee joint laxity have increased. Fewer revisions are being done for unexplained pain because surgeons are now better able to determine the cause of TKA-related pain. There were fewer patella-related complications because of technical progress. The data generated from our single-center study are consistent with current published data. Level of evidence II, comparative study.

Patellar complications are a source of poor total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes that can require re-operation or prosthetic revision. Complications can occur with or without patellar resurfacing. The objective of this work is to answer six questions. (1) Have risk factors been identified, and can they help to prevent patellar complications? Patellar complications are associated with valgus, obesity, lateral retinacular release, and a thin patella. Selecting a prosthetic trochlea that will ensure proper patellar tracking is important. Resurfacing is an option if patellar thickness is greater than 12mm. (2) What is the best management of patellar fracture? The answer depends on two factors: (a) is the extensor apparatus disrupted? and (b) is the patellar implant loose? When either factor is present, revision surgery is needed (extensor apparatus reconstruction, prosthetic implant removal). When neither factor is present, non-operative treatment is the rule. (3) What is the best management of patellar instability? Rotational malalignment should be sought. In the event of femoral and/or tibial rotational malalignment, revision surgery should be considered. If not performed, options consist of medial patello-femoral ligament reconstruction and/or medialization tibial tuberosity osteotomy. (4) What is the best management of patellar clunk syndrome? When physiotherapy fails, arthroscopic resection can be considered. Recurrence can be treated by open resection, despite the higher risk of complications with this method. (5) What is the best management of anterior knee pain? The patient should be evaluated for causes amenable to treatment (fracture, instability, clunk, osteonecrosis, bony impingement on the prosthetic trochlea). If patellar resurfacing was performed, loosening should be considered. Otherwise, secondary resurfacing is appropriate only after convincingly ruling out other causes of pain. A painstaking evaluation is mandatory before repeat surgery for anterior knee pain: surgery is not in order in the 10% to 15% of cases that have no identifiable explanation. (6) What can be done to treat patellar defects? Available options include re-implantation (with bone grafting, cement, a biconvex implant, or a metallic frame), bone grafting without re-implantation, patellar reconstruction, patellectomy (best avoided due to the resulting loss of strength), osteotomy, and extensor apparatus allograft reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V, expert opinion.

Particle filtering (PF) is a powerful method to estimate the posterior distribution in nonlinear/ non Gaussian state space models. To overcome the curse of dimensionality of PF, the block PF (BPF) partitions the state space and runs correction and resampling steps separately on each subspace. Using a blocking step can significantly reduce the variance of the filtering distribution estimate, but it breaks correlation across subspaces.In this paper, we introduce a parallelisation scheme in the block PF. The scheme consists in dispatching the set of particles into M parallel BPFs. We show that the usual benefit of parallelisation in terms of bias-variance trade-off remains valid and, most importantly, that assigning different partitions to the parallel filters leads to far better performance than naive parallelisation using only one partition.

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The curse of dimensionality in particle filtering can be mitigated by approximating the posterior distribution by a product of marginals on disjoint low dimensional subspaces of the state space. One such approach is known as the block particle filter in which the correction and resampling steps in particle filtering are run separately for estimating each marginal.In the linear and Gaussian case, the particle filter converges to the optimal Bayesian solution, i.e. the Kalman filter, as the number of particle increases. In this paper, we introduce the block based approach in the Kalman filter and show that the block particle filter asymptotically acts as the resulting block Kalman filter. It provides a relevant framework to disambiguate the bias incurred by the blocking step from the Monte Carlo estimation error.

International audience

International audience

The Oticon Medical Neuro cochlear implant system includes the modes Opti Omni and Speech Omni, the latter providing beamforming (i.e., directional selectivity) in the high frequencies. Two studies compared sentence identification scores of adult cochlear implant users with Opti Omni and Speech Omni. In Study 1, a double-blind longitudinal crossover study, 12 new users trialed Opti Omni or Speech Omni (random allocation) for three months, and their sentence identification in quiet and noise (+10 dB signal-to-noise ratio) with the trialed mode were measured. The same procedure was repeated for the second mode. In Study 2, a single-blind study, 11 experienced users performed a speech identification task in quiet and at relative signal-to-noise ratios ranging from -3 to +18 dB with Opti Omni and Speech Omni. The Study 1 scores in quiet and in noise were significantly better with Speech Omni than with Opti Omni. Study 2 scores were significantly better with Speech Omni than with Opti Omni at +6 and +9 dB signal-to-noise ratios. Beamforming in the high frequencies, as implemented in Speech Omni, leads to improved speech identification in medium levels of background noise, where cochlear implant users spend most of their day. Funding Agencies|Oticon Medical; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) from the Ministry of Education of Brazil

Background Diagnosis of periprosthetic infection (PPI) is crucial for management of bone and joint infection. The preoperative gold-standard is joint aspiration, providing results after 2-14 days’ culture, with non-negligible false negative rates due to the fragility of certain micro-organisms and/or prior antibiotic treatment. The Synovasure™ alpha-defensin lateral flow test (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN, USA) contributes within minutes to joint fluid diagnosis of almost all infectious agents, including in case of concomitant antibiotic therapy. Validity remains controversial, notably in complex microbiological situations: multi-operated patients, diagnostic doubt despite iterative sterile culture, long-course antibiotic therapy. We extended a prospective study reported in 2018, to determine whether the test maintained diagnostic value in a larger population, assessing 1) negative (NPV) and positive (PPV) predictive value, and 2) sensitivity and specificity. Hypothesis Synovasure™ maintains NPV above 95% in a broader population of microbiologically complex suspected PPI. Material and methods Synovasure™’s performance was assessed between October 2015 and October 2019 in 106 patients (112 tests) in complex diagnostic situations: 37 discordant cultures (discordant findings between 2 samples), 65 cases with clinically or biologically suspected infection but iterative sterile culture, 10 emergencies (requiring surgery, precluding antibiotic window, or mechanical failure in suspected infection), including 5 with ongoing antibiotic therapy for infection in another organ. Six tests were repeated in the same patient and same joint at >6 months’ interval for strong clinical suspicion of infection. The main endpoint was the MSIS score (MusculoSkeletal Infection Society, 2018). Results NPV was 98.8%, PPV 72.4%, sensitivity 95.5% and specificity 91%. Prevalence of infection was 19.6%. Only 1 of the 22 infected patients had negative Synovasure™ tests, compared to 81 of the 84 non-infected patients. Conclusion Synovasure™ is a reliable novel diagnostic test, contributing mainly to ruling out infection thanks to its strong NPV. The cost imposes sparing use, but medico-economic assessment would be worthwhile. Level of evidence III; prospective of diagnostic performance.

Although pulmonary events are considered to be frequently associated with malignant haemopathies, they have been sparsely studied in the specific context of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We aimed to describe their different types, their relative proportions and their relative effects on overall survival (OS). We conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study. Patients with MDS (diagnosed according to the 2016 WHO classification) and pulmonary events were included. The inclusion period was 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2017 and patients were monitored until August 2019. Fifty-five hospitalized patients were included in the analysis. They had 113 separate pulmonary events. Thirteen patients (23.6%) had a systemic autoimmune disease associated with MDS. Median age at diagnosis of MDS was 77 years. Median time to onset of pulmonary events was 13 months. Pulmonary events comprised: 70 infectious diseases (62%), 27 interstitial lung diseases (23.9%), including 13 non-specific interstitial pneumonias and seven secondary organizing pneumonias or respiratory bronchiolitis–interstitial lung diseases, 10 pleural effusions (8.8%), including four cases of chronic organizing pleuritis with exudative effusion, and six pulmonary hypertensions (5.3%). The median OS of the cohort was 29 months after MDS diagnosis but OS was only 10 months after a pulmonary event. The OS was similar to that of the general myelodysplastic population. However, the occurrence of a pulmonary event appeared to be either an accelerating factor of death or an indicator for the worsening of the underlying MDS in our study. More than a third of pulmonary events were non-infectious and could be systemic manifestations of MDS.

International audience; Photonics, a volume in the Interface Transmission Tutorial Book series, describes the science of photonic transmission properties of the interfaces of composite materials systems and devices. The book's authors review the general analysis methods of interface transmission, give many examples, and apply these methods to photonic applications. Applications discussed include photonic crystals, materials, devices and circuits. Key Features: -Offers a unique approach on photonics from the interfacial transmission point-of-view-Reviews the interface transmission properties of composite materials for photonics applications-Authored by world-leading experts on interface transmission

Resume Background La France est la 9e nation mondiale en termes de publications scientifiques en orthopedie, l’augmentation quantitative et qualitative de sa production scientifique est bien decrite dans la litterature. Pour autant, les publications des orthopedistes francais dans les revues predatrices sont mal connues. Ces dernieres sont difficiles a identifier et fonctionnent sur le mode de l’Open access necessitant pour toutes, sauf exception, des frais de publications, qui sont difficiles a identifier car non indiques lors de la soumission. L’augmentation du nombre de revues predatrices depuis dix ans nous a conduit a investiguer la base SIGAPS concernant les publications des chirurgiens orthopedistes francais afin de preciser leur taux de publication dans des revues predatrices. Hypothese Sur la periode 2008–2017 le taux de publications des orthopedistes francais dans les revues predatrices etait inferieur a 5 %. Materiel et methode A partir des donnees de la base SIGAPS detaillant les publications des orthopedistes francais membres de la SOFCOT, une analyse de tous les articles (Journal Article, Review, Editorial) a ete menee afin d’extraire les articles PubMed Not Medline des revues categorie SIGAPS non classes (NC) et d’etudier leur origine predatrice ou non a l’aide des listes connues de revues predatrices telles que la liste de Beall ainsi que celle emanant de StopPredatoryJournals. En cas de difficulte d’identification du caractere predateur, nous avions recours aux criteres definis par Beall et du Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Resultats Sur les 6056 articles extraits de la base de donnees SIGAPS correspondant aux publications des orthopedistes francais entre 2008 et 2017, 323 articles etaient susceptibles d’appartenir a des revues predatrices. Seuls 33 ont ete definis comme articles issus de revues predatrices soit 0,55 % de la production scientifique des orthopedistes francais sur 2008-2017. Il s’agissait de 11 articles issus de revues dependantes d’un editeur identifie predateur par la Beall's List, 21 issus de revues dependantes d’un editeur au passe predateur (present dans la Beall List en 2012) avec des pratiques d’edition douteuses definies par Beall, enfin 1 article etait issu d’une revue definie comme predatrice apres analyse de l’Editorial board. Plus de la moitie des articles (58 %) necessitait des frais de publication, pour un cout moyen de soumission de 400 dollars. Discussion Malgre une augmentation importante du nombre de revues predatrices au cours de cette derniere decennie, tres peu d’orthopedistes francais ont eu recours a ces revues pour diffuser les resultats de leurs travaux. La difficulte a les identifier correctement et la meconnaissance par les auteurs de ce type de revues peuvent expliquer certaines soumissions. Certains criteres doivent etre verifies par les equipes scientifiques avant de soumettre leurs travaux dans une revue tels qu’un delai faible avant publication et des faibles charges de publications qui ne doivent pas etre un encouragement a publier les resultats de leurs travaux de meme qu’une sollicitation financiere apres acceptation de l’article doit immediatement faire poser la question du caractere predateur d’une revue. Niveau de preuve IV, etude retrospective sans groupe controle.

Background France ranks 9th worldwide for scientific publication in orthopedics and the increase in both the quantity and the quality of its scientific production has been described in detail. On the other hand, publishing by French orthopedic surgeons in predatory journals is more obscure. The journals in question are difficult to identify but are based on an open-access model with article processing charges (APC), except in rare cases that are difficult to specify, as they are not stated at the time of submission. The increase in the number of predatory journals over the last 10 years led us to attempt to assess the rate at which French orthopedic surgeons publish in them, as revealed by investigation of the SIGAPS bibliometric database. Hypothesis Over the period 2008–2017, the rate of publications by French orthopedic surgeons in predatory journals was less than 5%. Material and method The SIGAPS database contains the detail of publications by French orthopedic surgeons members of the French Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology (SoFCOT) and was used to analyse all such articles (journal article, review or editorial) so as to isolate articles with PubMed-Not-MEDLINE status falling in the SIGAPS non-classified (NC) category and to determine the predatory status of the journal using established lists, such as Beall's list or that drawn up by StopPredatoryJournals. In case of difficulty in determining predatory status, we applied the criteria defined by Beall and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Results Out of 6056 articles in the SIGAPS database published by French orthopedic surgeons between 2008 and 2017, 323 could be suspected of being published in a predatory journal, but only 33 were so confirmed: i.e., 0.55% of French orthopedic scientific output over the study period. Eleven appeared in journals whose publishers were listed as predatory by Beall, 21 appeared in journals whose publishers had been listed as predatory on Beall's list in 2012 with the dubious editorial practices defined by Beall, and one article appeared in a journal found to be predatory on analysis of its editorial board. More than half of these articles (58%) were subject to APCs averaging $400. Discussion Despite a strong increase in the number of predatory journals over the last decade, very few French orthopedic surgeons resort to them to publish their work. Difficulty of identification and authors’ lack of knowledge about this type of journals may account for some of these submissions. Scientific teams need to check certain criteria before submitting to a journal: short time to publication and low APC should be taken as warning signs, and any demand for payment after acceptance certainly raises the question of the journal's predatory nature. Level of evidence IV; retrospective study without control group.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most deadly cancers in the western countries because of a lack of early diagnostic markers and efficient therapeutics. At the time of diagnosis, more than 80% of patients have metastasis or locally advanced cancer and are therefore not eligible for surgical resection. Pancreatic cancer cell also harbour a high resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs such as gemcitabine that is one of the main palliative treatment for PDAC.TGF-β possesses both tumor-suppressive and oncogenic activities in pancreatic cancer. TGF-β signalling pathway plays complex role during carcinogenesis by initially inhibiting epithelial growth and later promoting the progression of advanced tumors and thus emerged as tumor suppressor pathway. TGF-β binds to its receptor TGF-βRII and activates different pathways: canonical pathway involving the Smad proteins and alternative pathways such as MAPKs. Smad4 is mutated in 50-80% of PDAC. Mutations of TGF-βRII also occurs (5-10%). In order to decipher the role of TGF-β in carcinogenesis and chemoresistance, we decided to characterize the knocking down of TGF-βRII that is the first actor of TGF-β signalling. We developed pancreatic cancer cell lines stably invalidated for TGF-βRII and studied the impact on biological properties of pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. We show that TGF-βRII silencing alters tumor growth and migration as well as resistance to. TGF-βRII silencing also leads to S727 STAT3 and S-63 c-Jun phosphorylation, decrease of MRP3 and increase of MRP4 ABC transporter expression and induction of a partial EMT phenotype.In the future, the better understanding TGF-β signaling pathways and underlying cellular mechanisms in chemoresistance to gemcitabine may bring new therapeutic tools to clinicians.

PURPOSE: Gastric leak occurs after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in 2% of cases. Most staple-line disruptions (SLD) can be successfully treated with first-line endoscopic procedures. Less favorable situations may lead to more complex therapeutic strategies, like conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). The aim of our study is to predict the factors of endoscopic treatment failure and to assess the safety of conversion to RYGBP. METHODS: We included all patients treated in two centers of academic excellence (n = 100) between 2013 and 2017 who had a malignant SLD after SG. A "malignant" leakage met one of the following poor prognosis criteria suggested in the literature: unsuccessfully treated by the first-line endoscopic treatment; generalized peritonitis; anatomical anomalies; gastro-cutaneous or gastro-pleural fistula (GCF/GPF); or chronic leaks (\textgreater 4 weeks). RESULTS: No deaths occurred during the follow-up (20 ± 12 months). The endoscopy reported an anatomically abnormal gastric tube in 35 (35%) patients (stenosis [n = 21 (21%)], twist [n = 9 (9%)], or both [n = 5 (5%)]). We could maintain the SG in place in 92% of cases without stenosis, twist, or GCF/GPF. Conversion to RYGBP due to leakage was necessary in 37 (37%) patients. Stenosis, twist, or GCF/GPF significantly prevented healing in multivariate analysis (respectively: p = 0.020, OR = 0.17, and p \textless 0.001, OR = 0.07-logistic regression). CONCLUSION: Endoscopy is the treatment of choice for the management of chronic leaks after SG. The association of anatomical anomalies and GCF/GPF should lead to consideration of conversion to RYGBP.