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We present a comprehensive revisited experimental high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoabsorption spectrum of ammonia, NH, covering for the first time the full 5.4-10.8 eV energy-range, with absolute cross sections determined. The calculations on the vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths were performed using the equation-of-motion coupled cluster method restricted to single and double excitation levels and used to help reanalyze the observed Rydberg structures in the photoabsorption spectrum. The VUV spectrum reveals several new features that are not previously reported in the literature, with particular reference to the vibrational progressions of the (D'1EX'1A1′), the (F'1EX'1A1′), and the (G'1A2X'1A1′) absorption bands. In addition, new Rydberg members have been identified in nda11a2″D'′′1A2X'1A1′, where n > 3 has not been reported before as well as in nde1a2″F'1EX'1A1′ and in nsa1 1a2″G'1A2X'1A1′. The measured absolute photoabsorption cross sections have been used to calculate the photolysis lifetime of ammonia in the Earth's atmosphere (0-50 km).

This paper presents my FNRS-FRESH research project. It consists of a prosopographical study of the Burundian, Congolese and Rwandan cultural elites that immigrated to Belgium between 1945 and 1975. The central hypothesis of our study is the following: these cultural elites have presumably been sidelined by Belgian authorities throughout the decolonisation process, especially since they would have been the spearhead of African peoples' right to selfdetermination. In order to assess this hypothesis, we will identify these literate immigrants and trace their journey from the colony to the metropole,based on thanks to the administrative archives of the Foreigners Police. The collective biography methodology will enable us to identify the common characteristics of this social group. We will thereafter highlight, on the one hand, their intellectual activity, in particular through Periodical Studies, and on the other hand, their African and Belgian social networks through Social Networks Analysis. Oral sources and personal archives will document these approaches. Finally, we will examine both the relationship of this social group to the Belgian state in terms of civil rights and its narrative on the "black people condition" in a decolonial and then postcolonial setting.

Dans quelle mesure le développement du numérique engendre-t-il des modèles productifs ou des formes sociales suffisamment inédits et spécifiques pour qu’ils appellent un renouvellement des cadres d’analyse ? Depuis bientôt vingt ans que l’Internet et le numérique sont l’objet d’analyses économiques et sociologiques, les interprétations sur la nouveauté qu’ils représentent divergent profondément. Pour les uns, les plus entendus mais aussi les plus contestables, le développement de l’Internet mènerait inexorablement à une révolution de l’économie, à une réinvention de ses fondamentaux, et à l’émergence d’une nouvelle société de l’information et de la connaissance. L’une des théorisations les plus radicales de ce courant, est sans doute celle qui annonce, à la faveur d’une nouvelle « grande transformation », l’avènement d’un capitalisme cognitif, « troisième espèce » du capitalisme, après le capitalisme marchand et le capitalisme industriel [Moulier-Boutang, 2007]. Pour d’autres, ces nouveaux modèles économiques continueraient de reposer sur les fondamentaux traditionnels de l’économie capitaliste marchande : les informations ne se dématérialiseraient guère plus qu’avant, la « nouvelle économie » ne serait qu’un épiphénomène, et les usagers, loin de gagner en autonomisation ou en capacitation (empowerment), seraient aussi aliénés qu’auparavant [Weygand, 2008].

Friction stir welding is a rather recent welding process (patented in 1991 by Thomas et al., ‘Improvements to friction welding’ UK patent application no. 9125978.8, US Patent 5460317, 1995) that has shown great potential for welding dissimilar materials even of different metallic nature, e.g. Al to steel, Mg to steel, Al to Ti, Mg to Ti, Al to Cu, Al to Mg. This review presents the specific microstructural features and mechanical properties, in particular tensile strength, of such welds. A focus will be on the material flow and welding defects, on the intermetallic compounds, on constitutional liquation, on particularities related to dissimilar lap welding and finally on process modifications to improve dissimilar friction stir weldability.

Glasses of the system of composition K2O-La2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5 have recently gained attention due to their response to femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation, and the fact that high repetition rate fs-laser writing allows for the production of very efficient waveguides. When doped with rare-earth ions, the glasses can also be used in amplifiers or lasers and, in this respect, a control of the water content in the phosphate-based glasses is of very high importance. Thus, in the present work we have studied the influence of the melting conditions on the final water content of glasses of the above system and on their structure as studied by Raman and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopies. Increasing temperature and melting times conducts to the enrichment in SiO2 and a depletion of K2O and P2O5 contents in parallel with a reduction of the water content as measured by FTIR. On the other hand, the structural study showed that the chemical environment of phosphorous and silicon are not much affected by the changes in composition and that aluminium moves from being 6-fold coordinated to 4-fold. Finally, it has also been observed that SiO2 enters in the glasses as fully polymerized, which is consistent with the reduction of water directly on the ratio between oxygen and phosphorus in the glasses.

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Epigenetic mechanisms have not been characterized in ticks despite their importance as vectors of human and animal diseases worldwide. The objective of this study was to characterize the histones and histone modifying enzymes (HMEs) of the tick vector Ixodes scapularis and their role during Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. We first identified 5 histones and 34 HMEs in I. scapularis in comparison with similar proteins in model organisms. Then, we used transcriptomic and proteomic data to analyze the mRNA and protein levels of I. scapularis histones and HMEs in response to A. phagocytophilum infection of tick tissues and cultured cells. Finally, selected HMEs were functionally characterized by pharmacological studies in cultured tick cells. The results suggest that A. phagocytophilum manipulates tick cell epigenetics to increase I. scapularis p300/CBP, histone deacetylase, and Sirtuin levels, resulting in an inhibition of cell apoptosis that in turn facilitates pathogen infection and multiplication. These results also suggest that a compensatory mechanism might exist by which A. phagocytophilum manipulates tick HMEs to regulate transcription and apoptosis in a tissue-specific manner to facilitate infection, but preserving tick fitness to guarantee survival of both pathogens and ticks. Our study also indicates that the pathogen manipulates arthropod and vertebrate cell epigenetics in similar ways to inhibit the host response to infection. Epigenetic regulation of tick biological processes is an essential element of the infection by A. phagocytophilum and the study of the mechanisms and principal actors involved is likely to provide clues for the development of anti-tick drugs and vaccines.

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El proyecto de Saint-Sauveur consiste en la restructuración de una zona industrial de 23 hectáreas, antigua estación de tren al sur-este del centro de Lille. Durante mi periodo de prácticas, he colaborado en la llevada a cabo de la evaluación de impactos en salud del proyecto. La evaluación de impactos, tiene como objetivo estudiar de manera sistemática el impacto del proyecto sobre el conjunto de determinantes de salud con el fin de elaborar una serie de recomendaciones que favorezcan los impactos positivos delproyecto y reduzcan las desigualdades sociales o ambientales existentes o potencialmente relacionadas. En esta primera etapa, el estudio ha estado centrado en dos temáticas principales como son la movilidad y los espacios verdes. En lo que respecta a los resultados obtenidos, se puede concluir que habrá un impacto global positivo para estas dos componentes del proyecto. El proyecto aún no está fijado con lo cual, está abierto a evolucionar y podrá ser afinado en función del dosier de recomendaciones realizado que será entregado al equipo redactor del proyecto., Máster en Gestión de la Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, Calidad y Medio Ambiente

[EN]: Catalysis, irrespective of its form can be considered as one of the most important pillars of today’s chemical industry. The development of new catalysts with improved performances is therefore a highly strategic issue. However, the a priori theoretical design of the best catalyst for a desired reaction is not yet possible and a time- and money-consuming experimental phase is still needed to develop a new catalyst for a given reaction. The REALCAT platform described in this paper consists in a complete, unique, integrated and top-level high-throughput technologies workflow that allows a significant acceleration of this kind of research. This is illustrated by some preliminary results of optimizationof the operating conditions of glycerol dehydration to acrolein over an heteropolyacid-based supported catalyst. It is shown that using REALCAT high-throughput tools a more than 10-fold acceleration of the operating conditions optimization process is obtained., [FR]: La catalyse, quelle que soit sa forme, peut être considérée comme un des plus importants piliers de l’industrie chimique. Le développement de nouveaux catalyseurs aux propriétés catalytiques améliorées est ainsi d’une importance stratégique capitale. À ce jour la catalyse n’est pas une science prédictive et la conception théorique d’un catalyseur pour une réaction donnée n’est pas encore possible et une approche expérimentale consommatrice en temps et en ressource est nécessaire. La plateforme REALCAT décrite dans cet article consiste en un ensemble complet, intégré et unique au monde d’équipements de criblage permettant une accélération significative de la recherche dans le domaine de la catalyse. Un premier exemple d’optimisation des conditions opératoires de la déshydratation du glycérol en acroléine sur catalyseur hétéropolyanionique est donné à titre d’illustration. Il montre que les outils de la plateforme REALCAT permettent de réduire par au moins un facteur 10 le temps d’optimisation des conditions opératoires de la réaction étudiée

“L’équivocité du signe: de Bolzano à Marty et retour”. Journée d’étude, “La sémasiologie descriptive d’Anton Marty, II: les contextes”, org. by Laurent Cesalli, Claudio Majolino, Hélène Leblanc, Université de Lille 3/UMR STL

“Quel discours sémiotique dans la tradition empiriste? Gassendi – Hobbes – Locke”. Séminaire Figures du signe dans la tradition empiriste, org. by Laurent Cesalli and Claudio Majolino, Université Lille 3/UMR STL

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Healthcare systems in all developed countries are facing enormous socio-economic challenges. The development of cooperation between healthcare providers and of public-private partnerships (PPPs) has emerged as a priority area in the restructuring of the healthcare landscape everywhere. However, these public-private partnerships are regarded essentially in economic terms, as means of cost reduction. This approach, in which such partnerships are viewed solely as a ‘black box’, fails to do justice to the multiplicity of innovation and learning dynamics at work. Drawing on an in-depth case study of a PPP and on theoretical models of innovation in services, we attempt to breach the black box. This ‘forced entry’ is the starting point, firstly, for an investigation of the complex and many-sided nature of hospital innovation associated with certain PPPs and, secondly, the formulation of a number of recommendations for hospital management.

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“Théophile de Viau, Traité de l’immortalité de l’âme: Sémiotique du souvenir dans l’espace baroque”, Giornate autogestite dai dottorandi in “Forme e Storia dei Saperi filosofici”, V edizione, Università del Salento

“Origin and Nature of Ideas: Controversies as Historiographical Criteria. Descartes – Hobbes – Locke”. Nijmegen, Colloque The Role of Controversies and Collaborations in the Emergence of Modern Philosophy and Science, Ecole normale supérieure – CNRS – Université de Lille – Universiteit Gent – Universitatea din Bucuresti – Rijksuniversiteit Groningen – Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen. (invited)

Quais são as dinâmicas sociais, políticas e psicológicas que caracterizam as relações Norte-Sul, entre Oriente-Ocidente? Este texto analisa a realidade do Mediterrâneo como espaço histórico-cultural onde estas dinâmicas operam segundo eixos diferentes. O Mediterrâneo é uma fronteira aberta, um cruzamento de culturas, mas também – como mostram os estudos pós-coloniais – um lugar de separação atravessado por lógicas de dominação e de poder. As categorias política-filosóficas de desnaturalização e instituição se revelam aqui como operadores fundamentais de uma leitura crítica do espaço mediterrâneo, particularmente do exemplo pós-colonial francês.

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Avec Internet, le régime chinois est conforme à son projet global, ayant préconisé à par-tir de 1995 un usage clairement défini pour la société et développé plusieurs formes de contrôle. Sur ce point, quatre registres existent, dans l’ordre chronologique suivant :un contrôle technique, une régulation juridique, une pression sociale et, plus complexe, la mise en place d’une solution entrepreneuriale sinisée au maximum. Dans ce cas, les en-treprises occidentales doivent partager le marché chinois avec des entreprises natio-nales soutenues par l’Etat selon un dispositif d’intelligence économique. Cette communi-cation propose de détailler ces différentes facettes., info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The basic idea of crowdfunding is to raise external finance from a large audience (the “crowd”), where each individual provides a very small amount, instead of soliciting a small group of sophisticated investors. The paper develops a model that associates crowdfunding with pre-ordering and price discrimination, and studies the conditions under which crowdfunding is preferred to traditional forms of external funding. Compared to traditional funding, crowdfunding has the advantage of offering an enhanced experience to some consumers and, thereby, of allowing the entrepreneur to practice menu pricing and extract a larger share of the consumer surplus; the disadvantage is that the entrepreneur is constrained in his/her choice of prices by the amount of capital that he/she needs to raise: the larger this amount, the more prices have to be twisted so as to attract a large number of “crowdfunders” who pre-order, and the less profitable the menu pricing scheme.

Introduction: Recent research has revealed that mindfulness training improves mental health and psychological functioning. Although several questionnaires have been developed to measure mindfulness, the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), [Baer et al., 2006. Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27-45] is currently one of the most empirically-based scale assessing mindfulness. Objective: The present study was designed to: (1) test the psychometric properties and (2) explore the structural validation of the French version of the FFMQ. Method: Two hundred and fourteen participants were tested using the French version of the FFMQ. Results: Using confirmatory factor analysis, the results showed the French version of the FFMQ has good psychometric properties and a structural validity similar to the initial version. Conclusion: This adaptation constituted a validated mindfulness measure for French-speaking clinicians as well as researchers.

Malgré un système de soins de santé de qualité, le système belge souffre de nombreux problèmes dont une augmentation des dépenses et une pénurie d’effectifs. Plusieurs causes sont à l’origine de l’augmentation des dépenses, dont notamment, la croissance du nombre de séjours et le vieillissement de la population. Le souhait d’une meilleure qualité de soins, le coût des évolutions technologiques, et dernièrement une augmentation du recours aux urgences, contribuent aussi à cette augmentation. Tous ces constats montrent que l’hôpital, aujourd’hui, n’est plus et ne sera plus seulement un établissement pourvoyeur de soins. Du fait des changements de populations, de comportements et de restrictions politiques au fil des ans, il doit faire face à une rationalisation de ses dépenses. Des réformes sur plusieurs plans sont donc impératives et concernent de nombreux domaines d’action : l’information et la mobilisation des patients ainsi que la collaboration des hôpitaux, l’innovation ; l’informatisation, la responsabilisation de tous les acteurs et la mise en place de systèmes de contrôle, l’optimisation de l’efficacité opérationnelle. C’est sur l’optimisation de l’efficacité opérationnelle que porte notre contribution. Nous nous focalisons sur le bloc opératoire de l’hôpital. Dans les faits, le bloc opératoire occupe une place centrale dans l’activité de l’hôpital et représente un des postes les plus coûteux de l’établissement hospitalier. La gestion d’un bloc opératoire est une tâche complexe. En effet, il s’agit non seulement de planifier et d’ordonnancer les interventions en minimisant les coûts d’utilisation des salles d’opération, mais aussi de satisfaire les besoins et exigences des chirurgiens, des anesthésistes, des infirmières, des patients. De plus, les ressources humaines et matérielles sont des ressources limitées voire rares et sont soumises à des réglementations légales devant être respectées. Cette recherche a pour but d’apporter une aide au gestionnaire du blo

The aim of this paper is to help in the management of the operating theatre in order to improve its functionality. Our research focuses on the daily scheduling of the surgical acts in an operating theatre. We also take into account specific human and material constraints that indeed exist like, for example, the surgeon’s preference for a specific operating room, a specific material or a specific team. However, it is obvious that the more the constraints, the more our problem will be complex to model and to solve. To solve this highly constrained scheduling problem, we take advantage of the constraint programming paradigm. Our constraint programming model optimizes the use of the operating theatre by minimizing the makespan, minimizing the overtime hours and maximizing the affinities between members of the surgical team. This model is instantiated on a real-life problem to present some results in this paper.

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Le secteur des maisons de repos (MR) est en pleine expansion et confronté à d’énormes défis, parfois difficilement conciliables, qui sont au cœur de l’offre de services. Les MR cherchent constamment des solutions de compromis qui les amènent souvent à innover dans de nombreux domaines. En adoptant une perspective conventionnaliste et une décomposition fonctionnelle du service, cette recherche met en évidence les dynamiques de l’innovation au travers d’une étude de cas approfondie d’une MR associative. Les résultats montrent que les innovations, comprises comme des dispositifs de compromis, puisent leurs justifications dans le compromis fondateur de la MR. Il ressort également que les acteurs internes et externes influent sur les trajectoires de l’innovation.

In an overlapping generations setup we address the issue of the optimal number of property rights to allocate over a natural resource when the goal is to maximize the stock of the natural resource at the steady state. We assume that the effect of the property rights regime on the evolution of the resource is twofold: through biological spillovers and through monitoring costs. Property rights are assigned to local communities, which can decide whether to cooperate or not. The outcome in the strategic setting is hence compared to the one in the cooperative setup. A fiscal policy able to decentralize the cooperative outcome is studied.

Séminaire Pouvoirs, justice et société de l’Ancien Régime aux révolutions (M1 E/M1 et M2R)de l'université Lille 3 - 3 novembre 2010.

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This paper tests the existence of strategic interactions among municipalities using a panel of Belgian local tax rates from 1985 to 2004. A special emphasis is put on the role of the language spoken in the various municipalities. Our results first confirm previous findings for Belgium suggesting that municipalities interact with each other over the two main local tax rates, the local surcharge on the (labour) income tax rate and the local surcharge on the property tax. Using tools of spatial econometrics and an original methodology for specifying weights matrices, we find out that municipalities are sensitive to tax rates set by their close neighbours only. We also reject the hypothesis that the language does not matter: in the within model and for the local income tax rate, the intensity of interactions is shown to be lower between municipalities speaking different languages than between municipalities speaking the same language. That observation is particularly relevant for today Belgium and might be viewed as a contribution to the ongoing debate on the regionalisation or partial decentralization of some taxes. JEL: H24, H31, H71. Keywords: tax interactions, panel data, spatial econometrics, local tax rates, tax competition, yardstick competition.

Activité collective fondée sur l’engagement volontaire et bénévole, la production de logiciels libres ne résulte pas de l’ajustement spontané de participations dispersées. Elle offre un terrain fertile pour l’analyse des relations distantes médiatisées par le réseau Internet. En effet, cette activité est soumise à une double contrainte : attirer des participants nombreux, sans sélection préalable, et canaliser les contributions afin de mettre au point un produit consistant et cohérent. Partant de l’ethnographie approfondie d’un collectif de développement de logiciel libre, cet article analyse la manière dont les hétérogénéités individuelles sont agencées, c’est-à-dire mobilisées et contrôlées. Il identifie des processus de socialisation qui articulent une tolérance maximale à l’égard des engagements subjectifs individuels et une reconnaissance différentielle des contributions à l’oeuvre commune et de leurs auteurs. Cette socialisation est spécifique, dans le sens où elle régule moins les identités personnelles des participants que l’identité collective du projet, incluant le produit et le groupe de production.

Le secteur de la santé en France doit faire face à d’énormes défis qui sont au cœur de l’offre de services. Les récentes réformes du secteur hospita-lier soutiennent, voire imposent, le développement de partenariats public-privé. Ces derniers soulèvent toutefois de nombreuses questions. Cette étude analyse le cas d’un partenariat entre un hôpital public et une clinique privée non lucrative, qui a débouché sur une innovation organisationnelle de grande ampleur. Les résultats montrent la richesse mais aussi la complexité de ce type d’innovation et mettent en lumière l’étendue des réseaux, la variété des acteurs, et l’intrication des services hospitaliers ainsi que de l’innovation organisationnelle en tant que telle.

Présentation de la recherche doctorale.