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International audience; Mobilier de Kerazan: mobilier français et/ou revendication d'identité locale ? Le bout du monde n'existe pas. C'est pourtant en pays bigouden (Finistère), terre d'accueil de nombreux manoirs, que des créations témoignant d'une forte identité locale nous amènent à voyager. Cette expression artistique si aisément reconnaissable lorsque nous évoquons « l'art populaire bigouden », est néanmoins souvent perçue comme un folklore.Par l'étude de l'inventaire après décès du seigneur Drouallen et des scellés apposés en son manoir de Kerazan en 1708, les archives inédites de l'Institut de France nous conduiront à questionner le mobilier domestique qui pouvait équiper les campagnes bigoudènes au XVIIIe siècle. Nous en mesurerons ensuite l'évolution. A Kerazan, aucun particularisme local ne peut être attesté avant l'implantation d'une famille de politiciens et collectionneurs: les Astor, arrivés en 1860.Quelles fins devons-nous admettre? La présentation de ce mobilier local pouvait-elle jouer un rôle dépassant celui du simple décor traditionnel ou du seul attachement identitaire?Cas isolé ou inclus dans un mouvement revendiquant une appartenance locale? La collection "bretonne" de Kerazan pourrait trouver un prolongement de ses réflexions par l'émergence du mobilier moderne breton porté par le mouvement Seiz Breur dans les années 1925.

In dial-a-ride systems involving autonomous vehicles circulating along a circuit, a fleet of vehicles must serve clients who request rides between stations of the circuit such that the total number of pickup and drop-off operations is minimized. In this paper, we focus on a unitary variant where each client requests a single place in the vehicles and all the clients must be served within a single tour of the circuit. Such unitary variant induces a combinatorial optimization problem for which we introduce a nontrivial special case that is polynomially solvable when the capacity of each vehicle is at most 2 but it is NP-Hard otherwise. We also study the polytope associated with the solutions to this problem. We introduce new families of valid inequalities and give necessary and sufficient conditions under which they are facet-defining. Based on these inequalities, we devise an efficient branch-and-cut algorithm that outperforms the state-of-the-art commercial solvers.

International audience; Emergency department overcrowding is a global issue that poses a great threat to patient health and safety. The timeliness of medical services provided to patients is crucial to emergency departments as it directly impacts the mortality and morbidity of urgent patients. However, critical resources (e.g., doctors and nurses) are typically constrained due to the limited financial budget. Thus, hospital administrators may need to investigate solutions to improve the efficiency of the emergency department. In this work, we study the dynamic problem of scheduling patients to doctors, aiming at minimizing the total weighted tardiness. We propose a simple reoptimization heuristic based on multiple queues of patients in accordance with their urgency levels, and then combine it with an effective variable neighborhood search. We also propose a scenario-based planning approach that uses sampled scenarios to anticipate future events and the variable neighborhood search to schedule patients. The methods are adapted to handle a problem variant where information on arrival time and urgency level of some patients can be received in advance by the emergency department. With a comprehensive computational study on two sets of realistic instances from Hong Kong SAR of China and Italy, we validate the performance of the proposed methods, evaluating the benefits of having more doctors and receiving early information.

A $k$-edge-weighting of $G$ is a mapping $\omega:E(G)\longrightarrow \{1,\ldots,k\}$. The edge-weighting of $G$ naturally induces a vertex-colouring $\sigma_{\omega}:V(G)\longrightarrow \mathbb{N}$ given by$\sigma_{\omega}(v)=\sum_{u\in N_G(v)}\omega(vu)$ for every $v\in V(G)$. The edge-weighting $\omega$ is neighbour sum distinguishing if it yields a proper vertex-colouring $\sigma_{\omega}$, \emph{i.e.}, $\sigma_{\omega}(u)\neq \sigma_{\omega}(v)$ for every edge $uv$ of $G$.We investigate a neighbour sum distinguishing edge-weighting with local constraints, namely, we assume that the set of edges incident to a vertex of large degree is not monochromatic. A graph is nice if it has no components isomorphic to $K_2$. We prove that every nice graph with maximum degree at most~5 admits a neighbour sum distinguishing $(\Delta(G)+2)$-edge-weighting such that all the vertices of degree at least~2 are incident with at least two edges of different weights. Furthermore, we prove that every nice graph admits a neighbour sum distinguishing $7$-edge-weighting such that all the vertices of degree at least~6 are incident with at least two edges of different weights. Finally, we show that nice bipartite graphs admit a neighbour sum distinguishing $6$-edge-weighting such that all the vertices of degree at least~2 are incident with at least two edges of different weights.

Astronauts are spending longer periods locked up in ships or stations for scientific and exploration spatial missions. The International Space Station (ISS) has been inhabited continuously for more than 20 years and the duration of space stays by crews could lengthen with the objectives of human presence on the moon and Mars. If the environment of these space habitats is designed for the comfort of astronauts, it is also conducive to other forms of life such as embarked microorganisms. The latter, most often associated with surfaces in the form of biofilm, have been implicated in significant degradation of the functionality of pieces of equipment in space habitats. The most recent research suggests that microgravity could increase the persistence, resistance and virulence of pathogenic microorganisms detected in these communities, endangering the health of astronauts and potentially jeopardizing long-duration manned missions. In this review, we describe the mechanisms and dynamics of installation and propagation of these microbial communities associated with surfaces (spatial migration), as well as long-term processes of adaptation and evolution in these extreme environments (phenotypic and genetic migration), with special reference to human health. We also discuss the means of control envisaged to allow a lasting cohabitation between these vibrant microscopic passengers and the astronauts., Biofilm, 5, ISSN:2590-2075

In this paper, we present a new design for a 1 atm gas-mixing furnace using the gas mixture CO–CO2–SO2. This furnace can simulate disequilibrium processes such as magmatic and volcanic degassing. Here, we present the technical aspects of the design. The furnace can sustain temperatures of up to 1650 ∘C and has a hot zone that spans 200 mm vertically, where the hotspot is determined to be ∼ 32 mm below the midpoint of the furnace enclosure. The four mass flow controllers are individually calibrated and accurate to within 0.8 % of the specified value. The fO2 is accurately reproduced in the furnace within ±0.002 log units, as calibrated by the Fe–FeO reaction across the iron–wüstite (IW) buffer at 1300 ∘C. The furnace can reliably simulate dynamic conditions, where the fO2 can be modulated at a maximum rate of 2.0 log units min−1 by varying the gas mixture. A delay of 40 s is observed to attain the fO2 calculated from the gas mixture, at the hotspot. A series of safety measures to protect the user from exposure to the toxic gases are detailed. In our experiments, the furnace is used to determine sulfur isotope fractionation factors among melt, sulfide, and the gas phase, within a magmatic context, using either crystals of olivine or silica glass tubes. The furnace has the potential to investigate various other dynamic high-temperature reactions occurring on Earth.

International audience; Background: Patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are at risk of suicide. Sleep and circadian rhythm alterations are widely recognized as core symptoms of major depressive disorder and are associated with suicidal ideation. Thus, sleep and circadian rhythm alterations may be targeted to prevent suicide.Methods: Patients were recruited from a prospective cohort of the French network of TRD expert centers. Mood, sleep and circadian rhythms were assessed at baseline; suicidal risk was assessed both at baseline and during a one-year follow-up with standardized subjective questionnaires.Results: Excessive daytime sleepiness (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 1.7(1-3.3), p = 0.04) and daytime dysfunction (aOR = 1.81(1.16-2.81), p = 0.0085) increased the risk of suicidal thoughts over the one-year follow-up period in patients with TRD after adjustment on age, gender, depression, trauma, anxiety, impulsivity, current daily tobacco smoking and body mass index. Hypnotics intake is associated with a reduced risk of suicidal ideation at one-year follow-up after the same adjustments (OR = 0.73(0.56-0.95), p = 0.019). Other associations between sleep quality or circadian rhythms and suicidal ideations at either baseline or one year did not remain significant in multivariate analyses after the same adjustments.Limitations: Sleep assessments were based on self-reported questionnaires rather than objective measures.Conclusions: Daytime sleepiness and dysfunction are predictors of suicidal ideations, whereas hypnotics intake is associated with a reduced risk of suicidal ideations. Diurnal symptoms of sleep disturbances are therefore red flags to target for preventing suicide in depressed patients, and hypnotics seem efficient in preventing suicide for patients with TRD.

International audience; This paper assesses the impact of remittances and climate variability on households' food security in Burkina Faso. It relies on an original database from the World Bank survey on migration and remittances conducted in 2009. A principal component analysis allows elaborating of a food security index. The Standardised Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) makes it possible to characterise the climate situation throughout the country relative to long-term records. The econometric results corroborate the harmful effect of deteriorating climatic conditions on households' food security. Remittances, however, enhance food security and dampen the negative impact of the SPEI on food security. These findings are robust to a potential endogeneity bias using distance from migrants' households to railway lines and migrant education as instruments.; Cet article évalue l’impact des transferts des migrants et de la variabilité climatiquesur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages au Burkina Faso. Il s’appuie surune base de données originale construite à partir de l’enquête 2009 de la Banquemondiale sur les migrations et les transferts. Une analyse en composantes principalespermet d’élaborer un indice de sécurité alimentaire. L’indice standardisé deprécipitation et d’évapotranspiration (SPEI) caractérise la situation climatique dansles différenes régions. Les résultats économétriques corroborent l’effet négatif dela détérioration des conditions climatiques sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages.En revanche, les transferts de fonds renforcent la sécurité alimentaire et atténuentl’effet négatif du SPEI sur la sécurité alimentaire. Ces résultats sont robustes à unbiais d’endogénéité potentiel des transferts en utilisant la distance au chemin defer des ménages et l’éducation des migrants comme instruments.

International audience; The molecular simulation of interfacial systems is a matter of debate because of the choice of many input parameters that can affect significantly the performance of the force field of reproducing the surface tension and the coexisting densities. After developing a robust methodology for the calculation of the surface tension on a Lennard-Jones fluid, we apply it with different force fields to calculate the density and surface tension of pure constituents of epoxy resins. By using the model that best reproduces the experimental density and surface tension, we investigate the impact of composition in mass fraction on uncured epoxy resins and the effects of degree of cross-linking on cured resins.

International audience; À l’avenir, la culture de plantes supérieures sera un élément clé des systèmes de support de vie biorégénératifs. Cela nécessitera une compréhension approfondie des phénomènes qui jouent un rôle important au cœur du métabolisme des plantes et de leur interaction avec l’environnement. Les plantes sont des organismes complexes qui doivent être étudiés à l’aide de répliques de feuilles. Ceci permet l’étude des phénomènes physiques à la surface des feuilles, sans interactions biochimiques ou biologiques, ni variabilité génétique. Pour évaluer l’influence de la gravité, il est nécessaire de développer des modèles mécanistes précis du comportement des plantes dans l’espace. Cet article de synthèse présente l’état de l’art des répliques foliaires et des phénomènes concomitants, pour une application spatiale.

Chemical models that describe the atmospheric multiphase (gas/aqueous) system often include detailed kinetic and mechanistic schemes describing chemical reactions in both phases. The present study explores the importance of properties including the chemical composition of droplet populations, such as pH value and iron present in only a few droplets, as well as droplet size and their distribution. It is found that the assumption of evenly distributed iron in all cloud droplets leads to an underestimate by up to 1 order of magnitude of OH concentrations in the aqueous phase, whereas the predicted iron(II)/iron(total) ratio is overestimated by up to a factor of 2. While the sulfate mass formed in cloud droplets is not largely affected by any of the assumptions, the predicted secondary organic aerosol mass varies by an order of magnitude. This sensitivity study reveals that multiphase chemistry model studies should focus not only on chemical mechanism development but also on careful considerations of droplet properties to comprehensively describe the atmospheric multiphase chemical system.

International audience; Group analysis consists of using an anatomical space as reference, transferring data such as contact location and extend of stimulation from each patient and relating them to the symptomatic effect. Analyzing past implantations should support understanding the mechanisms of action of DBS and predicting outcome in new patients. Most studies place their focus on the chronic stimulation situation, with the lead at a fixed position in the brain. This results in few data samples per patient, requiring large cohorts. On the other hand, intra-operative tests are an attractive source of data. The aim of this study was to develop a fully automated pipeline for analyzing the results of intra-operative stimulation tests of ventro-intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim) for ET using high-fidelity data and exemplify the pipeline on a group of patients. Data from 19 DBS patients (6 ET, 16 PD) from the University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand (France) was used to create an MR template including patient-specific labels, resulting in a probabilistic definition of 57 deep brain structures. Data from the 6 ET patients in the group was used to create a probabilistic stimulation map (PSM). Tremor reduction was assessed during intra-operative stimulation tests using a wrist-worn acceleration sensor. These scores were combined with patient-specific electric field (EF) simulations into a 4D volume. The latter was first summarized into a weighted mean map (average of the improvement weighted by the EF norm). Voxels with low occurrence of fields (10% of max) and number of patients (2 of 6) were excluded. Secondly, the significance of the relationship between tremor reduction and electric field was estimated with Linear mixed models using patient as a random effect. Voxels in the weighted mean map with |p|>0.05 were excluded. A fully automated, reproducible workflow was established to normalize and analyze intra-operative data and allowed to identify regions with significant relationship between electric field and tremor suppression. In the future more patients will be integrated to conduct statistical verification of the identified regions.

International audience; Long-Range Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (LR-FHSS) is a recent modulation designed for communications from low-power ground end-devices to Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. To decode a frame, an LR-FHSS gateway must receive at least one header replica and a large proportion of payload fragments. However, LR-FHSS headers will likely be lost when there are many concurrent transmissions. In this paper, we motivate the header loss problem with an analytical model, propose a linear programming model to extract headerless frames and design a cost-effective sliding window heuristic. Simulation results show that our approach exhibits near-optimal headerless detection and extraction results while ensuring a low computational cost. The proposed method is, therefore, suitable for future LR-FHSS gateways located onboard resource-constrained LEO satellites.

International audience; In the Chaîne des Puys (CdP, France), volcanic edifices and their emissions cover the weathered conductive low-permeable basement and fill the paleo-valleys, hiding the groundwater flows. The 3D delineation of such buried watersheds can be achieved studying variations of conductivity related to primary geological contrasts as well as secondary weathering-induced contrasts.We used AEM data to delineate the geometry of the undercover volcanism-basement interface in the northern part of the CdP and derived watersheds. Despite the highly resistive volcanic cover, our processing allowed structural imaging up to a depth of investigation of 330 meters in average.The processing and inversion of AEM data highlights the interface between a strongly resistant volcanic cover (~104-105 Ω.m) and a decametric conductive weathered horizon at the top of the basement (30-300 Ω.m).We picked the weathered horizon of the basement on several resistivity profiles, to build an elevation model of its top. The newly derived watersheds noticeably differ from the ones proposed in literature.

co-auteur étranger; International audience; Topography is a fundamental factor influencing the emplacement of lava flows. We assess the impact of topographic resolution on the thermorheological PyFLOWGO model, specifically with digital elevation model (DEM) resolutions commonly available for Earth and other planetary bodies where flow modeling is relevant. We examined PyFLOWGO output parameters (e.g., channel length, core temperature, and flow velocity) to assess model sensitivity to topography in order to document model uncertainties and optimize future application. This study uses rheologic and topographic data from the Tolbachik, Russia 2012–2013 eruption as model constraints. Using moderate to lower resolution topographic data overestimates the channelized flow length by up to 35% due to differences in the distribution of slopes topographic variability at different resolutions and resulting effects on the modeled lava velocity down channel. Determining the impact of topography on thermorheological lava flow models such as PyFLOWGO is important to correctly interpret the results for channelized flows.

International audience; This literature review covers recent works dealing with the ultimate causes of economic development. The article first considers the driving role of the rules of the social game. Then the focus shifts to the role of historical circumstances. Finally, we seek to understand how geography can influence development paths. These studies are multidisciplinary and use new databases. The results should not imply that there is a cultural, historical or geographical determinism. That is, historical contingencies and economic policy decisions can foster lasting changes in development trajectories.

Achondrite meteorites are remnants of the earliest planetary differentiation processes in the Solar System. They have been used to anchor short-lived radiochronometers to absolute ages determined from long-lived radiochronometers. More specifically, when comparing the isotopic systematics of the shortlived 26Al-26Mg chronometer anchored to absolute U-corrected Pb-Pb ages, inferences about the distribution of 26Al (half-life of 717 000 yr) in the protoplanetary disk can be evaluated. The ungrouped achondrite Erg Chech (EC) 002 has a distinct mineralogy and more evolved elemental composition compared to basaltic achondrites. In situ and solution 26Al-26Mg chronometry and 53Mn-53Cr chronometry suggest that EC 002 formed within 0.7 to 2.2 Ma after the formation of Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs), making it the oldest known sample of igneous crust in the Solar System (Barrat et al., 2021; Anand et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2022; Fang et al., 2022). Here we present the U-corrected Pb-Pb age and 26Al-26Mg age obtained by MC-ICPMS solution analysis of the same mineral separate samples of EC 002. In addition, six merrillite grains were analyzed by in-situ SIMS to determine their Pb-Pb individual ages. The U isotope composition of EC 002 exhibits internal heterogeneities between leached pyroxene (238U/235U = 137.766 ± 0.027) and the bulk rock (238U/235U = 137.8190 ± 0.0074). The Pb isotope composition of progressively leached pyroxenes are characterized by radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb ratios (ranging from 41 to 23487). Using the U isotope composition of the leached pyroxenes, the resulting age of the 207Pb/206Pb-204Pb/206Pb isochron is 4565.87 ± 0.30 Ma (2r). The weighted mean of the Pb-Pb ages of seven SIMS analyses of merrillites are 4564.3 ± 5.2 Ma (2r). These similar ages (within uncertainty) indicate rapid cooling and the absence of significant thermal events after 4559 Ma on the parent body of EC 002. The 26Al-26Mg isochron through a bulk rock, pyroxene, fine-rained and four plagioclase fractions defines an initial 26Al/27Al ratio of [8.89 ± 0.79] 106 corresponding to a formation age of 1.83 ± 0.12 Ma after CAIs ([5.23 ± 0.13] 105; Jacobsen et al., 2008). The initial 26Al abundance is consistent with previous MC-ICP-MS 26Al-26Mg reported systematics for EC 002 (Fang et al., 2022), but 0.46 ± 0.13 Myr older than the in situ SIMS 26Al-26Mg age previously reported by Barrat et al. (2021).When anchored to the absolute Pb-Pb age of CV3 CAIs (4567.30 ± 0.16 Ma; Connelly et al., 2012), the Al-Mg model age of EC 002 is 4565.47 ± 0.20 Ma, slightly younger than its U-corrected Pb-Pb age.

International audience; We consider the problem of cumulative reward maximization in multi-armed bandits. We address the security concerns that occur when data and computations are outsourced to an honest-but-curious cloud i.e., that executes tasks dutifully, but tries to gain as much information as possible. We consider situations where data used in bandit algorithms is sensitive and has to be protected e.g., commercial or personal data. We rely on cryptographic schemes and propose UCB - MS, a secure multi-party protocol based on the UCB algorithm. We prove that UCB - MS computes the same cumulative reward as UCB while satisfying desirable security properties. In particular, cloud nodes cannot learn the cumulative reward or the sum of rewards for more than one arm. Moreover, by analyzing messages exchanged among cloud nodes, an external observer cannot learn the cumulative reward or the sum of rewards produced by some arm. We show that the overhead due to cryptographic primitives is linear in the size of the input. Our implementation confirms the linear-time behavior and the practical feasibility of our protocol, on both synthetic and real-world data.

International audience; This paper aims to exploit the massive parallelism of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) by programming them in OCaml, a multiparadigm and statically typed language. It first presents O2B, an implementation of the OCaml virtual machine using a softcore processor to run the entire OCaml language on an FPGA. It then introduces Macle, a language to express, in ML-style, hardware-accelerated user-defined functions, implemented as gates and registers on the same FPGA. Macle allows to implement pure computations and compose them in parallel. It also supports processing of dynamic data structures such as arrays, matrices and trees allocated by the OCaml runtime in the memory of the softcore processor. Macle functions can then be called, as hardware accelerators, by OCaml programs executed by O2B. This combination of Macle and OCaml codes in a single source program enables to easily prototype FPGA applications mixing numeric and symbolic computations.

International audience; To face market volatility, reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) aim to efficiently and cost-effectively react to changes. We focus on one characteristic of RMS: the scalability (ability to adapt the volume of throughput). In the literature, the only few indicators for scalability are not always formally defined and usually only consider a partial view of scalability. Moreover, most of them are actually more suited for the configuration planning rather than for the design. However, the design of the RMS has a high impact on its scalability. We propose the first combinatorial definition of this problem and a new measure to fully assess the scalability of a system at the design phase. This measure, based on a multi-objective approach, can assess the scalability of single-product manufacturing systems, analysing all configurations that it can implement. We present numerical experiments to compare this indicator with a state-of-the-art scalability indicator and with some classical production line design indicators, and we show that future research should focus on scalability as a specific criterion to optimise during the design of an RMS. In addition, the results obtained allow us to infer some managerial insights on the best levers to use when performing a reconfiguration for scalability purpose.

A multichannel seismic reflection profile acquired during the SISMAORE cruise (2021) provides the first in-depth image of the submarine volcanic edifice, named Fani Maore, that formed 50 km east of Mayotte Island (Comoros Archipelago) in 2018–2019. This new edifice sits on a ∼140 m thick sedimentary layer, which is above a major, volcanic layer up to ∼1 km thick and extends over 120 km along the profile. This volcanic unit is made of several distinct seismic facies that indicate successive volcanic phases. We interpret this volcanic layer as witnessing the main phase of construction of the Mayotte Island volcanic edifice. A ∼2.2–2.5 km thick sedimentary unit is present between this volcanic layer and the top of the crust. A complex magmatic feeder system is observed within this unit, composed of saucer-shape sills and seal bypass systems. The deepest tip of this volcanic layer lies below the top-Oligocene seismic horizon, indicating that the volcanism ofMayotte Island likely began around 26.5Ma, earlier than previously assumed., Un profil de sismique réflexion multitrace acquis lors de la campagne océanographique SISMAORE (2021) apporte la première image en profondeur du volcan sous-marin Fani Maore, qui s’est formé à 50 km à l’est de l’île de Mayotte (archipel des Comores) en 2018–2019. Ce nouvel édifice repose sur une première couche sédimentaire d’environ 140 m d’épaisseur au-dessus d’une couche volcanique majeure épaisse de 1 km et qui s’étend sur 120 km le long du profil. Cette dernière unité volcanique est constituée de plusieurs faciès sismiques distincts qui indiquent des phases volcaniques successives. Nous interprétons cette couche volcanique comme le témoin de la phase principale de construction de l’édifice volcanique de l’île de Mayotte. Une couverture sédimentaire de 2.2–2.5 km d’épaisseur est présente entre cette couche volcanique et le toit de la croûte. On y observe de nombreux sills en forme de soucoupe ainsi que des zones à faciès de remontées de fluides, dessinant un système d’alimentation magmatique complexe sous la principale couche volcanique. L’extrémité la plus profonde de cette couche volcanique se place en dessous de l’horizon sismique de l’Oligocène supérieur et indique que le volcanisme de l’île de Mayotte a probablement commencé vers 26.5 Ma, plus tôt que ce qui était supposé auparavant.

While there is an increasing prevalence of dieting in the overall population, weight loss (WL) practices could be a risk factor for weight gain (WG) in normal-weight (NW) individuals. The aim of the present work was to systematically review all the studies implicating diet restriction and body weight (BW) evolution in NW people. The literature search was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021281442) and was performed in three databases from April 2021 to June 2022 for articles involving healthy NW adults. From a total of 1487 records initially identified, eighteen were selected in the systematic review. Of the eight dieting interventional studies, only one found a higher BW after weight recovery, but 75 % of them highlighted metabolic adaptations in response to WL favouring weight regain and persisting during/after BW recovery. Eight of the ten observational studies showed a relationship between dieting and major later WG, while the meta-analysis of observational studies results indicated that ‘dieters’ have a higher BW than ‘non-dieters’. However, considering the high methodological heterogeneity and the publication bias of the studies, this result should be taken with caution. Moreover, the term ‘diet’ was poorly described, and we observed a large heterogeneity of the methods used to assess dieting status. Present results suggest that dieting could be a major risk factor for WG in the long term in NW individuals. There is, however, a real need for prospective randomised controlled studies, specifically assessing the relationship between WL induced by diet and subsequent weight in this population.

International audience

International audience; Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are increasingly used in our daily life. Among these technologies, LoRa is widely used for low power IoT data collection in wide areas. LoRa typically operates in sub-GHz bands which are region-specific, and thus has limited worldwide applications. The version of LoRa developed for the 2.4 GHz ISM band has spurred recent interest in the scientific community, as it enables the use of worldwide frequency channels. However, it requires the coexistence with numerous concurrent technologies within this 2.4 GHz band, and an evolution of the MAC and networking protocols for utilizing LoRaWAN connectivity. In this paper, we make the first experimental comparison between LoRa sub-GHz and LoRa 2.4 GHz in both indoor and outdoor scenarios. We show that LoRa 2.4 GHz can have a communication range of more than 2 km outdoor, and it can achieve a packet delivery rate of at least 0.98 for a distance of up to 39 meters indoor with the presence of obstacles. We also make an extensive discussion on the researches challenges that need to be addressed in order to fully take advantage of this new technology.

International audience; Metallic bismuth and Bi-oxyfluoride nanoparticles (NPs) are successfully synthesized by non-reactive and reactive sputtering of a Bi target onto 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoro-methylsulfonyl)imide ([BMIM][TFSI]) ionic liquid (IL). Non-reactive sputtering is realized in pure Ar plasma, where isotropic, well crystallized and dispersed Bi NPs of 3-7 nm are obtained. The diameter and the size distribution of these NPs do not significantly vary with the power, gas pressure, and sputtering time; but these sputtering parameters seem to influence the NPs concentration. Then, the introduction of O2 and CF4 gases in addition to Ar enables the reaction of radicals from plasma with Bi clusters at the liquid top surface to form Bi-oxyfluoride NPs of 3-12 nm in diameter with a photocatalytic activity. Hence, the reactive sputtering onto an IL is an efficient, original and promising method for synthesizing Bi-based compound NPs. Finally, we propose a mechanism based on reactions of species from plasma at the IL surface to explain the formation of Bi-compounds by reactive sputtering.

Background: Scientific evidence and public health reports keep highlighting the continuous and alarming worldwide progression of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents. The present paper summarizes findings from the 2022 French Report Card (RC) on physical activity for children and youth and compares them to the 2016, 2018, and 2020 RCs. Methods: The 2022 edition of the French RC follows the standardized methodology established by the Active Healthy Kids Global Matrix. Ten physical activity indicators have been evaluated and graded based on the best available evidence coming from national surveys, peer-reviewed literature, government and nongovernment reports, and online information. The evaluation was also performed in children and adolescents with disabilities. Indicators were graded from A (high level of evidence) to F (very low level of evidence) or INC for incomplete. Results: The evaluated indicators received the following grades: overall physical activity: D−; organized sport participation and physical activity: C; active play: F; active transportation: C; sedentary behaviors: D−; family and peers: D; physical fitness: C; school: C−; community and the built environment: F; government: B. Conclusions: While this 2022 French RC shows progression for 7 out of the 10 indicators considered, it also underlines the continuous need for actions at the local, regional, and national levels to develop better surveillance systems and favor a long-term improvement of youth movement behaviors.

International audience; Highly efficient procedures were developed for greener synthesis of sequence-defined peptoid oligomers. The optimised chain elongation procedure is carried out in water-based media in a unique N to C direction, and comprises a convenient one-pot two-step deprotection/coupling sequence for the installation of each new peptoid residue. The process is so efficient that the only work-up procedure required after each intermediate coupling step is aqueous extraction. In stark contrast to the traditional procedures, the only solvents apart from water used during the synthesis and workup processes are EtOH, MeOH or EtOAc. Furthermore, there is no requirement for specialised water-soluble protecting groups or inclusion of additives apart from the reagents in the reaction media.

International audience; Manufacturing systems are socio-technical systems, with explicit interactions between humans and technologies in shared workspaces. These shared workspaces could also be called hybrid collaborative manufacturing systems, which involve workers as well as technological equipment and combine the benefits of human workers and new Industry 4.0 technologies, such systems are particularly useful in a context requiring flexibility and adaptability. Furthermore, the new Industry 5.0 approach has the objective to shift toward more human-centric and resilient manufacturing systems. The key problems to solve in the design of collaborative manufacturing systems are the combinatorial assembly line balancing problem and the equipment selection problem. An efficient and sustainable line requires a cost-effective choice of equipment while improving the ergonomics and the safety of workers. Both decisions of balancing workload and the assignment of equipment impact the ergonomics of a collaborative system and present conflicting criteria. To this end, we propose a multi-objective approach, the objectives are the optimisation of the investment costs and the ergonomics with a fatigue and recovery criterion. We propose to linearise the fatigue and recovery to formulate a new Mixed Integer Linear Programming formulation. We developed an exact multi-objective solving algorithm based on the ϵ-constraint to obtain the trade-off between these objectives. We conducted numerical experiments with different instances from the literature with promising results for instances with up to 45 operations. Finally, we discuss insightful managerial conclusions and future research perspectives.

We present an interdisciplinary investigation of the links between the macro and microphysical properties of rain, the biochemical composition of rain, meteorological parameters, and their impacts on the phytoplankton dynamics of a mountain lake. In order to document this interdisciplinary scientific question, Lake Aydat in the French Massif Central mountains was fitted with a set of high-resolution atmospheric radars, a disdrometer, and a precipitation collector in 2020. In parallel, the lake was monitored via sensors and water sampling. To illustrate the potential of this novel experimental setup, we present a case study of a rain event that occurred in September 2020 and during which, three contrasting sub-periods were identified based on the type of rain (convective or stratiform). Using our high-temporal resolution monitoring, we show that the origin of the air mass mainly influences the chemical composition of the rain, which depends on the rain type. In contrast, the photosynthetic cell concentration in the rain is mainly influenced by meteorological variables, predominantly below-cloud scavenging. The very low concentrations of photosynthetic cells found in rain events cannot directly impact the lake's phytoplankton abundance. In contrast, the rain rate directly impacted the lake's thermal stratification during the convective event. The response of the phytoplankton depends on the genus and, interestingly, three cyanobacteria, Microcystis, Coelomoron, and Merismopedia, showed a systematic response to rain events with a sudden decrease in abundance at the lake surface immediately after rain events. In contrast, the abundance of green algae (Elakatothrix), picocyanobacteria (Synechocystis and Synechococcus), and diatoms (Asterionella and Melosira) gradually increased following the rain events, but with a lower intensity compared to the cyanobacteria species. These different phytoplankton responses to the same rainfall event could play a key role in phytoplankton dynamics in the temperate zone. Our results highlight the importance of high-frequency and time resolution monitoring of both atmosphere and lake to better understand the adaptive strategies of cyanobacteria following rain events.

International audience; Current Max-SAT solvers are able to efficiently compute the optimal value of an input instance but they do not provide any certificate of its validity. In this paper, we present a tool, called MS-Builder, which generates certificates for the Max-SAT problem in the particular form of a sequence of equivalence-preserving transformations. To generate a certificate, MS-Builder iteratively calls a SAT oracle to get a SAT resolution refutation which is handled and adapted into a sound refutation for Max-SAT. In particular, we prove that the size of the computed Max-SAT refutation is linear with respect to the size of the initial refutation if it is semi-read-once, tree-like regular, tree-like or semi-tree-like. Additionally, we propose an extendable tool, called MS-Checker, able to verify the validity of any Max-SAT certificate using Max-SAT inference rules. Both tools are evaluated on the unweighted and weighted benchmark instances of the 2020 Max-SAT Evaluation.

International audience; In this work, we study theoretically and numerically the equations of Stokes and Navier-Stokes under power law slip boundary condition. We establish existence of a unique solution by using the monotone operators theory for the Stokes equations whereas for the Navier-Stokes equations, we construct the solution by means of Galerkin's approximation combined with some compactness results. Next, we formulate and analyze the finite element approximations associated to these problems. We derive optimal and sub-optimal a priori error estimate for both problems depending how the monotonicity is used. Iterative schemes for solving the nonlinear problems are formulated and convergence is studied. Numerical experiments presented confirm the theoretical findings.

International audience; The steady expansion of the number of wireless devices and the ubiquity of the networks give rise to various interesting challenges for the future sixth generation (6G) of wireless communication systems. Particularly, the operators have to handle massive connectivity among Machine Type Devices (MTDs) and increasing demand for eMMB through limited spectrum resources. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has been spotlighted as an emerging technology to meet the above-mentioned challenges. In this paper, we consider a densely deployed network in which users are divided into NOMA coalitions. Firstly, we model the power allocation problem as a differential game. Then, we extend the formulated game using a Mean Field Game (MFG) theoretic framework by considering the effect of the collective behavior of devices. Furthermore, we derive a distributed power control algorithm that enables the users to appropriately regulate their transmit power according to brief information received from the BS. Indeed, the analysis of the proposed approach is governed by the two fundamental Hamilton- Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) and Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) equations. Numerical results are presented to analyze the equilibrium behaviors of the proposed power control algorithm and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the formulated MFG compared to existing works in the literature.

International audience; In the process of EU integration, toward the Eurozone (EA) accession, we try to understand, how changes in exchange rate regimes, attributed to the switch through the ERM-II and to the EA accession, influence the dynamic between inflation and unemployment, that is, swings on the Phillips curve coefficient. We look at a panel of EA countries, before and after their EA entry, over the last twenty years, using a recent work from McLeay and Tenreyro (2020), to clarify the impact of losing the monetary autonomy. Accession to the Eurozone leads to a non-significant inflation/unemployment relationship. We link this result to the fact that the small economies of the Eurozone do not have sufficient weight to influence the single monetary policy. This is corroborated by the fact that within the Eurozone, what we call the “economic leaders” maintain a significant trade-off between inflation and unemployment.

International audience; In order to improve the quality of ripe mangoes by managing cultural practices and storage conditions a modeling approach was used. An existing metabolic model was updated to take specificities of mango fruit sugar metabolism, fruit respiration and transpiration into account and coupled with existing models of fruit growth in dry and fresh matter, predicted based on carbon- and water-related eco-physiological and biophysical processes, respectively (Léchaudel et al., 2015, 2017). The virtual fruit model was used to investigate the effect of cultural practices and storage conditions on several fruit characteristics that can be of interest for mango processing or fruit consumption. They included fruit fresh mass and composition of the pulp in terms of dry matter content, soluble sugars, and starch concentrations. Then, the virtual mango model was used to generate numerous simulations by combining different levels of preharvest (fruit load, irrigation, position of the fruit in the tree, harvest date) and postharvest (temperature and hygrometry) factors. Among this large number of combinations, the scenarios that produce mangoes with advantageous quality criteria, such as fruit fresh mass, dry matter content and sweetness of pulp, or number of pulp slices for drying, were selected and discussed. These scenarios could then be tested and discussed with mango industry stakeholders to assess their acceptability in a process of improving fruit quality through pre- and postharvest practices.

Aim: To propose a new multimodal imaging agent targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. Materials & methods: A new generation of hybrid contrast agents, based on gadolinium fluoride nanoparticles grafted with a pentameric luminescent-conjugated polythiophene, was designed, extensively characterized and evaluated in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease through MRI, two-photon microscopy and synchrotron x-ray phase-contrast imaging. Results & conclusion: Two different grafting densities of luminescent-conjugated polythiophene were achieved while preserving colloidal stability and fluorescent properties, and without affecting biodistribution. In vivo brain uptake was dependent on the blood–brain barrier status. Nevertheless, multimodal imaging showed successful Aβ targeting in both transgenic mice and Aβ fibril-injected rats.

International audience

International audience; We uncover a connection between two seemingly unrelated notions: lettericity, from structural graph theory, and geometric griddability, from the world of permutation patterns. Both of these notions capture important structural properties of their respective classes of objects. We prove that these notions are equivalent in the sense that a permutation class is geometrically griddable if and only if the corresponding class of inversion graphs has bounded lettericity.

Purpose: To determine sex-related differences in oxygen consumption () recovery after high-intensity exercise during childhood and adolescence. Methods: Forty-two boys and 35 girls (10–17 y) performed a 60-second all-out test on a rowing ergometer. Postexercise recovery was analyzed from (1) the recovery time constant obtained from a biexponential model (τ1) and (2) excess postexercise oxygen consumption calculated over a period of 8 minutes (EPOC8) and until τ1 was reached (EPOCτ1). Multiplicative allometric modeling was used to assess the concurrent effects of body mass or lean body mass, and age on EPOC8 and EPOCτ1. Results: EPOC8 increased significantly more in boys from the age of 14 years. However, the sex difference was no longer significant when EPOC8 was analyzed using an allometric model including body mass + age or lean body mass + age. In addition, despite a greater increase in EPOCτ1 in boys from the age of 14 years, τ1 was not significantly different between sexes whatever age. Conclusion: While age and lean body mass accounted for the sex-related differences of EPOC during childhood and adolescence, no significant effect of age and sex was observed on the recovery time constant after high-intensity exercise.

International audience

Purpose To evaluate the time required to complete a cataract training program for first-year ophthalmology residents using the EyeSi simulator. In addition, evaluate whether the simulator improves virtual performance of cataract surgery during the program. Methods We prospectively included first-year ophthalmology residents who had no experience of cataract surgery. The EyeSi simulator was used, and residents were able to follow the cataract training program, including course A (the easiest) through to course D (the hardest). In course B and above, a “cataract challenge” is proposed to the trainee every hour of simulation. Results A total of 24 participants were included in the study. During the study period, the mean (SD) total time spent on the surgical simulator was 815.6 (174.7) minutes. All the participants completed courses A and B within a mean (SD) of 366.7 (108.0) minutes. A total of 22 residents (91.7%) residents completed course C, and 5 (20.8%) course D. The mean (SD) best score on cataract challenge was 445.6/500 (40.2; range: 330–493) and was obtained in a mean (SD) 7.6 (2.6) attempts. All the residents obtained a score ≥ 60%. The best score in cataract challenge was not correlated to the time spent to achieve courses A and B (r = -0.37, p = 0.0726). Conclusions The time required to complete a basic cataract training program is possible during the first-year residency. The scores obtained in the cataract challenge also increased during the training program and should lead to better surgery skills in these young ophthalmologists.

International audience; This paper describes an innovative method, and related equipment, developed by the authors to monitor non-invasively historic panel paintings under museum display conditions. This method permits in-depth knowledge about such artworks, allowing us to understand their reactions to climatic variations, and pro- vides objective data on which conservation decisions can be confidently based, since the data are directly obtained from the individual artwork. Since 2004, following the invitation from the Louvre Museum and the C2RMF (National Centre for Research and Restoration of French Museums), the wooden panel on which Leonardo da Vinci painted his Mona Lisa has been studied by an international research team of wood technologists and engineers, including researchers from French and Italian universities and related scientific institutions (Montpellier, Clermont Auvergne, Poitiers, Florence), to understand its mechanical, hygroscopic and shape characteristics and behaviour, to evaluate its present state, and to provide sug- gestions for optimizing its conservation conditions. Non-invasive methods and equipment were therefore devised and implemented to measure (during the annual opening day of its display case) and automat- ically monitor (during the time the display case remains closed) both the deformations that the panel undergoes (mainly produced by the inevitable small climatic fluctuations within the case) and the con- straining forces acting on the panel itself. The method and the related equipment, improved over the years, are based on miniature load cells and displacement transducers, whose outputs are automatically logged at desired time intervals, typically ranging between 30 min for monitoring during the whole year, and a few seconds for manual measurements, calibrations, and other selected events; the stored data can be downloaded both through a cable connection and wirelessly, by means of a specially developed con- nection apparatus. The panel is confined in a climate-controlled display case, which typically is opened only for a few hours once a year. Additionally, close restrictions must be respected, including absolute non-invasiveness, non-interference with the enjoyment of the artwork by the public, and compliance with strict procedures for safe and secure conservation. The implementation of this method has provided significant information about the actual behaviour of the panel during the whole year. Comparing several annual force-deformation curves, their good linearity suggests that no unacceptable stress or deformation has taken place in it, showing that the climatic conditions (air temperature and relative humidity) main- tained in the display case can be considered favourable to the conservation of the artwork. Moreover, based on the collected data, reliable Finite Element Method (FEM) models are being developed and cali- brated, with the aim of describing the mechanical behaviour of the panel and virtually evaluating the risk of damage (including the propagation of an ancient crack) deriving from external conditions or actions to which it would be unthinkable to submit the original historic artwork.

International audience; On 2 December, 2021 we recorded a sequence of drumbeat seismic events at Sangay volcano. This sequence lasted several hours and resulted in two explosive emissions whose eruptive columns reached 9 km above crater. Unexpectedly, these explosions did not produce any ash fallout in the inhabited areas around the volcano. This drumbeat sequence was produced after a series of morphological changes, including the opening of two new vents (W and N) and a landslide. These occurred during an enhanced period of ground deformation and degassing. Further analysis of satellite images allowed us to determine that this sequence was associated with the widening of the recently open vent to the north of the main crater and the extrusion of a new lava flow. Timely communication of this event to the authorities and the population was ensured by the IG-EPN by following internal protocols. The corresponding short reports reached more than 300,000 people. RESUMEN El 2 de diciembre de 2021, registramos una secuencia de eventos sísmicos tipo drumbeat en el volcán Sangay. Esta secuencia duró varias horas y dio lugar a dos emisiones explosivas cuyas columnas eruptivas alcanzaron 9 km sobre el nivel del cráter. Inesperadamente, estas explosiones no produjeron caída de ceniza en las poblaciones aledañas al volcán. Esta secuencia de drumbeat se produjo después de una serie de cambios morfológicos que incluyen la apertura de dos nuevos cráteres (W y N) y un deslizamiento. Éstos ocurrieron durante un período de mayor deformación y desgasificación. El posterior análisis de imágenes satelitales permitió determinar que esta secuencia estuvo asociada al ensanchamiento del cráter recientemente abierto al norte del cráter principal y a la extrusión de un nuevo flujo de lava. El IG-EPN se encargó de comunicar oportunamente este evento a las autoridades y a la población siguiendo los protocolos internos. Los correspondientes informes llegaron a más de 300.000 personas.

International audience; This study aims to analyze the influence of the fibrils oscillations and connections on the effective hygro-elastic behavior of the wood cell wall. For that, two different models of microstructure describing the cell wall are introduced: the model 1S, for which the fibrils are allowed to oscillate in one direction like a sine curve, and the model 2S, for which the fibrils oscillate in two directions as a helix. The effective hygro-elastic behavior of the cell wall associated with each of the two models is computed by numerical periodic homogenization. Then, we analyze the effects of the fibers oscillations on the effective behavior by making vary some parameters such as the shape ratio of the unit cell, the fibrils volume fraction, or the elastic contrast between the matrix and the fibrils. It is shown that the fibrils oscillations have a significant effect on some effective moduli of the cell wall, such as the effective shear moduli G ̃12 (for both model 1S and 2S) and G ̃13 , G ̃23 (for model 2S only).

International audience; Organic–inorganic hybrid materials were prepared by intercalation of iron 5,10,15,20 tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin complex into layered double hydroxides (ZnCr-FeTSPP LDH) and layered simple hydroxides (Zn-FeTSPP LSH) by coprecipitation. They have been characterized by ancillary techniques to compare their structural characteristics, their morphology and their ability to form films on conductive substrates in view of preparing modified electrodes for CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2ERR). The electrochemical behavior of intercalated FeTSPP was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) showing the role of the nature and pH of aqueous electrolyte solutions on the FeIII/II signal. Evaluation of the CO2ERR of ZnCr-FeTSPP modified electrode was investigated by CV and preparative scale CO2 electrolysis in 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution. Whereas FeTSPP in the same electrolyte solution exhibits 18% of CO2 conversion to CO, once intercalated into ZnCr-LDH, there is no CO formation, only H2 (FY = 75%). Using the ZnCr-NO3 modified electrode, without porphyrin, the same FY of H2 was obtained. The study illustrates the problematic and the complexity of an attractive approach for the development of innovative hybrid catalysts for heterogeneous CO2ERR.

The statistical trajectory matching (STM) method was applied successfully to derive coarse grain (CG) models for bulk properties of homopolymers. The extension of the methodology for building CG models for statistical copolymer systems is much more challenging. We present here the strategy for developing CG models for styrene–butadiene–rubber, and we compare the quality of the resulting CG force fields on the structure and thermodynamics at different chemical compositions. The CG models are used through the use of a genuine mesoscopic method called the dissipative particle dynamics method and compared to high-resolution molecular dynamics simulations. We conclude that the STM method is able to produce coarse-grained potentials that are transferable in composition by using only a few reference systems. Additionally, this methodology can be applied on any copolymer system.

International audience; At odds with the large literature devoted to the fiscal discipline effects of fiscal rules, only few contributions investigate their impact on public spending. Using a large sample of 185 countries, estimations based on the entropy balancing method reveal the following causal effects: fiscal rules significantly reduce total public spending and public consumption, leave public investment mostly unaffected, and increase the public investment-to-public consumption ratio. Moreover, the type of fiscal rule and countries' level of economic development influence the way fiscal rules affect public spending. Lastly, fiscal rules' features seem to be a major driving force of the way governments change public spending-and, notably, total spending and public investment-in response to the adoption of fiscal rules. Consequently, the public investment decline during recent times should mostly be attributable to other things but fiscal rules (which sometimes even raise public investment); and increased attention should be given to the various fiscal rules' features, which may enforce or, on the contrary, weaken their fiscal discipline performances.

International audience; Data points on Riemannian manifolds are fundamental objects in many applications and fields. Representations include shapes from biology and medical imaging, directions and rotations from robots. This paper addresses the problem of nonparametric regression on shapes when only few observations are available. In particular, we consider the problem of classifying unobserved 3D open parametrized curves using a continuous stochastic process to overcome the discrete nature of observations. The proposed method has a practical objective, characterizing populations of cochlear curves. The numerical solution is geometrically simpler, extensible and can be generalized for other applications. We illustrate and discuss the successful behavior of the proposed approach with various and multiple experimental results.

International audience; Background: Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a promising new technology for disrupting de-novo calcified coronary lesions (DNL) before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We assessed 12-month outcomes of IVL in patients undergoing PCI for DNL or intra stent restenosis (ISR) lesions related to device underexpansion.Methods: Prospective analysis of patients in the multicentre all-comers French Shock Initiative IVL registry. The primary safety endpoints in this analysis were in-hospital and 12-month major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: cardiac death, myocardial infarction or target vessel revascularization). The primary effectiveness endpoint was procedural success, defined as