Search

Your search keyword '"Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]"' showing total 143 results
Start Over Author "Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]"
143 results on '"Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]"'

1. Data driven uncertainty quantification in macroscopic traffic flow models

Author

Würth, Alexandra, Binois, Mickael, Goatin, Paola, Göttlich, Simone, Analysis and Control of Unsteady Models for Engineering Sciences (ACUMES), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Department of mathematics [Mannheim], School of Business Informatics and Mathematics [Mannheim], Universität Mannheim-Universität Mannheim, ANR-19-P3IA-0002,3IA@cote d'azur,3IA Côte d'Azur(2019), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]-Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Goatin, Paola, and 3IA Côte d'Azur - - 3IA@cote d'azur2019 - ANR-19-P3IA-0002 - P3IA - VALID

Subjects
[MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Bayesian calibration, [MATH.MATH-OC] Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Macroscopic traffic flow models, loop detector traffic data, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], parameter estimation, [MATH.MATH-ST] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], optimization, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Godunov scheme
Abstract

International audience; We propose a Bayesian approach for parameter uncertainty quantification in macroscopic traffic flow models from cross-sectional data. A bias term is introduced and modeled as a Gaussian process to account for the traffic flow models limitations. We validate the results comparing the error metrics of both first and second order models, showing that second order models globally perform better in reconstructing traffic quantities of interest.

Published
2022

2. Capacity drop and traffic control for a second order traffic model

Author

Paola Goatin, Oliver Kolb, Simone Göttlich, Department of mathematics [Mannheim], School of Business Informatics and Mathematics [Mannheim], Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]-Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Analysis and Control of Unsteady Models for Engineering Sciences (ACUMES), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Universität Mannheim-Universität Mannheim, Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Mathematical optimization, Computer science, Traffic model, 01 natural sciences, Traffic flow, numerical simulations, optimal control, Microscopic traffic flow model, Control theory, 0502 economics and business, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], on-ramp coupling, 0101 mathematics, 050210 logistics & transportation, Applied Mathematics, 05 social sciences, General Engineering, Godunov's scheme, First order, Optimal control, Computer Science Applications, 010101 applied mathematics, Drop (telecommunication), Outflow, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], second order model
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we illustrate how second order traffic flow models, in our case the Aw-Rascle equations, can be used to reproduce empirical observations such as the capacity drop at merges and solve related optimal control problems. To this aim, we propose a model for on-ramp junctions and derive suitable coupling conditions. These are associated to the first order Godunov scheme to numerically study the well-known capacity drop effect, where the outflow of the system is significantly below the expected maximum. Control issues such as speed and ramp meter control are also addressed in a first discretize-then optimize framework.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Pareto-optimal coupling conditions for the Aw-Rascle-Zhang traffic flow model at junctions

Author

Guillaume Costeseque, Oliver Kolb, Paola Goatin, Simone Göttlich, Department of mathematics [Mannheim], School of Business Informatics and Mathematics [Mannheim], Universität Mannheim-Universität Mannheim, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Analysis and Control of Unsteady Models for Engineering Sciences (ACUMES), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]-Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Well-posed problem, 90B20, 35L65, 01 natural sciences, Traffic flow, symbols.namesake, Microscopic traffic flow model, 35L65, FOS: Mathematics, Applied mathematics, junction, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, 0101 mathematics, Riemann solver, junction AMS Classification 90B20, Mathematics, Conservation law, Applied Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, Numerical Analysis (math.NA), Hyperbolic systems, 010101 applied mathematics, Pareto optimal, coupling conditions, symbols, second order model, Lagrangian, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract

International audience; This article deals with macroscopic traffic flow models on a road network. More precisely, we consider coupling conditions at junctions for the Aw-Rascle-Zhang second order model consisting of a hyperbolic system of two conservation laws. These coupling conditions conserve both the number of vehicles and the mixing of Lagrangian attributes of traffic through the junction. The proposed Riemann solver is based on assignment coefficients, multi-objective optimization of fluxes and priority parameters. We prove that this Riemann solver is well posed in the case of special junctions, including 1-to-2 diverge and 2-to-1 merge.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Fiscal and individual rates of return to university education with and without graduation

Author

Holger Stichnoth, Friedhelm Pfeiffer, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], University of Mannheim, Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs/J.J3.J31 - Wage Level and Structure • Wage Differentials, German, 0502 economics and business, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Economics, University education, 050207 economics, Graduation, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I2 - Education and Research Institutions/I.I2.I28 - Government Policy, Rate of return, 050208 finance, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H23 - Externalities • Redistributive Effects • Environmental Taxes and Subsidies, 05 social sciences, Internal rate of return, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Internal, language.human_language, Taxation, Dropouts, language, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Demographic economics
Abstract

International audience; Based on a detailed model of the German tax-benefit system, this paper simulates private and fiscal returns to education for college graduates and college dropouts.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Prognostic Value of SYNTAX Score in Patients With Infarct-Related Cardiogenic Shock

Author

Michel Zeitouni, Pavel Overtchouk, Olivier Barthelemy, Georg Fuernau, Steffen Desch, G. Montalescot, Holger Thiele, Benoit Lattuca, Ibrahim Akin, Georges Hage, Uwe Zeymer, Paul Guedeney, Suzanne de Waha-Thiele, Stéphanie Rouanet, Marie Hauguel-Moreau, Marcus Sandri, Mathieu Kerneis, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], and University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Logistic regression, Culprit, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Renal replacement therapy, business.industry, Cardiogenic shock, cardiogenic shock, percutaneous coronary intervention, Percutaneous coronary intervention, medicine.disease, humanities, SYNTAX score, Cardiac surgery, Shock (circulatory), Conventional PCI, Cardiology, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

International audience; Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the prognostic value of the SYNTAX (SYNergy between PCI with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery) scores in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for multivessel coronary disease with infarct-related cardiogenic shock (CS).Background: The prognostic value of the SYNTAX score in this high-risk setting remains unclear.Methods: The CULPRIT-SHOCK (Culprit Lesion Only PCI versus Multivessel PCI in Cardiogenic Shock) trial was an international, open-label trial, where patients presenting with infarct-related CS and multivessel disease were randomized to a culprit-lesion-only or an immediate multivessel PCI strategy. Baseline SYNTAX score was assessed by a central core laboratory and categorized as low SYNTAX score (SS ≤22), intermediate SYNTAX score (2232). Adjudicated endpoints of interest were the 30-day risk of death or renal replacement therapy (RRT) and 1-year death. Associations between baseline SYNTAX score and outcomes were assessed using multivariate logistic regression.Results: Pre-PCI SYNTAX score was available in 624 patients, of whom 263 (42.1%), 207 (33.2%) and 154 (24.7%) presented with low, intermediate and high SYNTAX score, respectively. A stepwise increase in the incidence of adverse events was observed from low to intermediate and high SYNTAX score for the 30-day risk of death or RRT and the 1-year risk of death (p < 0.001, for all). After multiple adjustments, intermediate and high SYNTAX score remained strongly associated with 30-day risk of death or renal replacement therapy and 1-year risk of all-cause death. There was no significant interaction between SYNTAX score and the coronary revascularization strategy for any outcomes.Conclusions: In patients presenting with multivessel disease and infarct-related CS, the SYNTAX score was strongly associated with 30-day death or RRT and 1-year mortality.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Crowdworking in France and Germany

Author

Belletti, Chiara, Erdsiek, Daniel, Laitenberger, Ulrich, Tubaro, Paola, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Télécom ParisTech, Economie Gestion (ECOGE), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], TAckling the Underspecified (TAU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leibniz-Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW), HUSH- The HUman Supply cHain behind smart technologies, ANR-19-CE10-0012,HUSH,La chaîne d'approvisionnement humaine derrière les technologies intelligentes(2019), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation de Telecom Paris (I3 SES), Télécom ParisTech-Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom ParisTech-Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Mannheim, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Telearbeit, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, ddc:330, Frankreich, Digitale Plattform, Personalmanagement, Arbeitsbedingungen, Deutschland, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Arbeitsgestaltung
Abstract

Crowd work refers to the practice of assigning tasks and projects undertaken for payment to online contributors via digital platforms. We use data from a recent survey among companies in Germany and France to explore the economic relevance and potential barriers of this phenomenon from the demand side. In particular, companies from the information economy and the manufacturing industry have been surveyed in Germany and companies from the manufacturing, construction, and services and trade industries were surveyed in France. Specifically, we provide evidence on the share of companies using crowd work and investigate what incentivises or hinders companies' decisions to hire online contributors on digital platforms. Despite some differences between both countries, we identify trends for Germany and France.

Published
2021

7. A necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of the derivative martingale in a branching L\'evy process

Author

Bastien Mallein, Quan Shi, Laboratoire Analyse, Géométrie et Applications (LAGA), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], SNSF Grant P2ZHP2 171955, and ANR-16-CE93-0003,MALIN,Marches aléatoires en interaction(2016)

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Mathematics::Probability, 60G44, 60G51, 60J80, 60F20, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

A continuous-time particle system on the real line satisfying the branching property and an exponential integrability condition is called a branching L\'evy process, and its law is characterized by a triplet $(\sigma^2,a,\Lambda)$. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of the derivative martingale of such a process to a non-trivial limit in terms of $(\sigma^2,a,\Lambda)$. This extends previously known results on branching Brownian motions and branching random walks. To obtain this result, we rely on the spinal decomposition and establish a novel zero-one law on the perpetual integrals of centred L\'evy processes conditioned to stay positive., Comment: 28 pages. To appear in Bernoulli

Published
2021

8. Decoding China’s COVID‐19 ‘virus exceptionalism’: Community‐based digital contact tracing in Wuhan

Author

Yihan Wang, Philipp Boeing, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Métis Lab EM Normandie, and École de Management de Normandie (EM Normandie)

Subjects
Strategy and Management, Big data, Context (language use), 050905 science studies, Management of Technology and Innovation, Political science, 0502 economics and business, ddc:650, Business and International Management, China, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Open innovation, Government, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Public relations, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, General Business, Management and Accounting, Research Papers, Exceptionalism, Key (cryptography), [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, 0509 other social sciences, business, 050203 business & management, Contact tracing, Research Paper
Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, comprehensive, accurate, and timely digital contact tracing serves as a decisive measure in curbing viral transmission. Such a strategy integrates corporate innovation, government decision-making, citizen participation, and community coordination with big data analytics. This article explores how key stakeholders in an open innovation ecosystem interact within the digital context to overcome challenges to public health and socio-economic welfare imposed by the pandemic. To enhance the digital contact tracing effectiveness, communities are deployed to moderate the interactions between government, enterprises and citizens. As an example, we study the community-based digital contact tracing in Wuhan, a representative case of China’s ‘virus exceptionalism’ in COVID-19 mitigation. We discuss the effectiveness of this strategy and raise critical ethical concerns regarding decision-making in R&D management.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. The Anticompetitive Effect of Minority Share Acquisitions: Evidence from the Introduction of National Leniency Programs

Author

Sven Heim, Kai Hüschelrath, Ulrich Laitenberger, Yossi Spiegel, Centre d'économie industrielle i3 (CERNA i3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], University of Applied Sciences Schmalkalden, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Economie Gestion (ECOGE), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Télécom ParisTech, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Laitenberger, Ulrich

Subjects
[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

We address the growing concern that minority shareholding (MS) in rival firms may lessen competition, using the introduction of national leniency programs (LPs) as a shock that destabilizes collusive agreements. Based on data from 63 countries, we find a large and significant immediate increase in domestic horizontal MS acquisitions once an LP is introduced but only in countries where the LP is deemed to be effective. There is no effect on non-horizontal or cross-border MS acquisitions. Our findings suggest that firms may use MS acquisitions to either stabilize collusive agreements or soften competition in the event that collusion breaks down. (JEL G34, K21, L12, L41)

Published
2020

10. The relation between $k$-circularity and circularity of codes

Author

Fimmel, Elena, Michel, Christian, Pirot, François, Sereni, Jean-Sébastien, Starman, Martin, Strüngmann, Lutz, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Knowledge representation, reasonning (ORPAILLEUR), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)

Subjects
genetic code, Circular code, code evolution, k-circular code, [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM]
Abstract

International audience; A code $X$ is $k$-circular if any concatenation of at most $k$ words from $X$, when read on a circle, admits exactly one partition into words from $X$. It is circular if it is $k$-circular for every integer $k$. While it is not a priori clear from the definition, there exists, for every pair ($n$,ℓ), an integer $k$ such that every $k$-circular ℓ-letter code over an alphabet of cardinality n is circular, and we determine the least such integer $k$ for all values of $n$ and ℓ. The $k$-circular codes may represent an important evolutionary step between the circular codes, such as the comma-free codes, and the genetic code.; Un code $X$ est $k$-circulaire si toute concaténation d'au plus $k$ mots de $X$, lue de façon circulaire, admet une et une seule partition en mots appartenant à $X$. Il est circulaire s'il est $k$-circulaire pour tout entier $k$. Bien que ce ne soit pas a priori clair à partir de la définition, il existe, pour toute paire ($n$,ℓ), un entier $k$ tel que tout code $k$-circulaire de mots à ℓ lettres sur un alphabet de taille $n$ est circulaire, et nous déterminons la plus petite valeur d'un tel entier $k$ pour toutes les paires ($n$,ℓ). Les codes $k$-circulaires représentent peut-être une importante étape d'évolution entre les codes circulaires, comme les codes comma-free, et le code génétique.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Caveolin-1 regulates the ASMase/ceramide-mediated radiation response of endothelial cells in the context of tumor–stroma interactions

Author

Julia Ketteler, Daniela Leonetti, Hala Estephan, Verena Jendrossek, Diana Klein, Patrick Maier, Alina Wittka, Victoria Veas Roy, Henning Reis, Carsten Herskind, François Paris, Bernardo, Elizabeth, University of Duisburg-Essen, Endothelium Radiobiology and Targeting (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 14), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, This work was supported by grants of the DFG (GRK1739/1, GRK1739/2) and the BMBF (02NUK047D)., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cancer microenvironment, Male, Cancer Research, Ceramide, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Immunology, Caveolin 1, Medizin, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Apoptosis, Cell Communication, Ceramides, Radiation Tolerance, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Hsp27, Cell Line, Tumor, LNCaP, medicine, Tumor Microenvironment, Humans, lcsh:QH573-671, Protein kinase A, Protein kinase B, biology, Chemistry, lcsh:Cytology, Endothelial Cells, Prostatic Neoplasms, Cell Biology, Translational research, Cancer therapeutic resistance, 030104 developmental biology, Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer cell, PC-3 Cells, Cancer research, biology.protein, Acid sphingomyelinase, Stromal Cells, medicine.drug, Signal Transduction
Abstract

The integral membrane protein caveolin-1 (CAV1) plays a central role in radioresistance-mediating tumor–stroma interactions of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Among the tumor–stroma, endothelial cells (EC) evolved as critical determinants of the radiation response. CAV1 deficiency in angiogenic EC was already shown to account for increased apoptosis rates of irradiated EC. This study explores the potential impact of differential CAV1 levels in EC on the acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase)/ceramide pathway as a key player in the regulation of EC apoptosis upon irradiation and cancer cell radioresistance. Enhanced apoptosis sensitivity of CAV1-deficient EC was associated with increased ASMase activity, ceramide generation, formation of large lipid platforms, and finally an altered p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27)/AKT (protein kinase B, PKB) signaling. CAV1-deficient EC increased the growth delay of LNCaP and PC3 PCa cells upon radiation treatment in direct 3D spheroid co-cultures. Exogenous C6 and C16 ceramide treatment in parallel increased the growth delay of PCa spheroids and induced PCa cell apoptosis. Analysis of the respective ceramide species in PCa cells with increased CAV1 levels like those typically found in radio-resistant advanced prostate tumors further revealed an upregulation of unsaturated C24:1 ceramide that might scavenge the effects of EC-derived apoptosis-inducing C16 ceramide. Higher ASMase as well as ceramide levels could be confirmed by immunohistochemistry in human advanced prostate cancer specimen bearing characteristic CAV1 tumor–stroma alterations. Conclusively, CAV1 critically regulates the generation of ceramide-dependent (re-)organization of the plasma membrane that in turn affects the radiation response of EC and adjacent PCa cells. Understanding the CAV1-dependent crosstalk between tumor cells and the host-derived tumor microvasculature and its impact on radiosensitivity may allow to define a rational strategy for overcoming tumor radiation resistance improving clinical outcomes by targeting CAV1.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Merging anomalous data usage in wireless mobile telecommunications: Business analytics with a strategy-focused data-driven approach for sustainability

Author

Yi Ting Chen, Yi-Bing Lin, Edward W. Sun, National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), School of Business Informatics and Mathematics [Mannheim], and Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]

Subjects
050210 logistics & transportation, Decision support system, 021103 operations research, Information Systems and Management, General Computer Science, business.industry, Computer science, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Management Science and Operations Research, Business value, Data science, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Data-driven, Strategic design, Business analytics, Analytics, Modeling and Simulation, 0502 economics and business, Sustainability, Wireless, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Mobile telephony, business
Abstract

Mobile internet usage has exploded with the mass popularity of smartphones that offer more convenient and efficient ways of doing anything from watching movies, playing games, and streaming music. Understanding the patterns of data usage is thus essential for strategy-focused data-driven business analytics. However, data usage has several unique stylized facts (such as high dimensionality, heteroscedasticity, and sparsity) due to a great variety of user behaviour. To manage these facts, we propose a novel density-based subspace clustering approach (i.e., a three-stage iterative optimization procedure) for intelligent segmentation of consumer data usage/demand. We discuss the characteristics of the proposed method and illustrate its performance in both simulation with synthetic data and business analytics with real data. In a field experiment of wireless mobile telecommunications for data-driven strategic design and managerial implementation, we show that our method is adequate for business analytics and plausible for sustainability in search of business value.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Toward model-driven sustainability evaluation

Author

Jean-Michel Bruel, Lucy Bastin, Christoph Becker, Benoit Combemale, Stefanie Betz, Ruzanna Chitchyan, Eugene Syriani, Gunter Mussbacher, Richard F. Paige, Sonja Klingert, Nelly Bencomo, Colin C. Venters, Jörg Kienzle, Norbert Seyff, Betty H. C. Cheng, Birgit Penzenstadler, University of Zurich, Kienzle, Jörg, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Diversity-centric Software Engineering (DiverSe), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL (IRISA-D4), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Smart Modeling for softw@re Research and Technology (IRIT-SM@RT), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Aston University [Birmingham], Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), University of Toronto, Hochschule Furtwangen University [Furtwangen] (HFU), Computing Department [Lancaster], Lancaster University, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Department of Computing and Software (McMaster University), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], California State University [Long Beach] (CSULB ), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Département d'Informatique et de Recherche Opérationnelle [Montreal] (DIRO), Université de Montréal (UdeM), University of Huddersfield, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Universität Mannheim

Subjects
Process management, General Computer Science, 10009 Department of Informatics, 05 social sciences, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems, Sustainability, 13. Climate action, model-driven engineering, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Sustainable design, Business, 1700 General Computer Science, 0509 other social sciences, Model-driven architecture, model-driven evaluation, 050904 information & library sciences, computer, computer.programming_language
Abstract

International audience; Sustainability has emerged as a concern of central relevance. As a wicked problem, it poses challenges to business-as-usual in many areas, including that of modeling. This article addresses a question at the intersection of model-driven engineering and sustainability research: "How can we better support sustainability by bringing together model-driven engineering, data, visualization and self-adaptive systems, to facilitate engagement, exploration, and understanding of the effects that individual and organizational choices have on sustainability?" We explore this question via an idealized vision of an evaluation environment that facilitates integration and mapping of models from multiple diverse sources, visual exploration, and evaluation of what-if scenarios, for stakeholders with divergent perspectives. The article identifies research challenges to be addressed to enable decision making to support sustainability and provides a map of sustainability modeling issues across disciplines.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Anticompetitive Vertical Merger Waves

Author

Nicolas Schutz, Jerome Pouyet, Johan Hombert, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), Théorie économique, modélisation et applications (THEMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), ESSEC Business School, Essec Business School, and Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]

Subjects
Upstream (petroleum industry), Marginal cost, Economics and Econometrics, Engineering, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], business.industry, 05 social sciences, Monetary economics, Price discrimination, General Business, Management and Accounting, Vertical integration, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Upstream and downstream (DNA), Economy, Accounting, 0502 economics and business, Bertrand competition, Foreclosure, 050207 economics, Market share, business, 050205 econometrics
Abstract

We develop a model of vertical merger waves leading to input foreclosure. When all upstream firms become vertically integrated, the input price can increase substantially above marginal cost despite Bertrand competition in the input market. Input foreclosure is easiest to sustain when upstream market shares are the most asymmetric (monopoly-like equilibria) or the most symmetric (collusive-like equilibria). In addition, these equilibria are more likely when (i) mergers generate strong synergies; (ii) price discrimination in the input market is not allowed; (iii) contracts are public; whereas (iv) the impact of upstream and downstream industry concentration is ambiguous.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Well-posedness of a non-local model for material flow on conveyor belts

Author

Simone Göttlich, Jennifer Kötz, Paola Goatin, Elena Rossi, Analysis and Control of Unsteady Models for Engineering Sciences (ACUMES), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science [Mannheim], Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Universität Mannheim, Rossi, E, Kötz, J, Goatin, P, and Göttlich, S

Subjects
Discretization, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, Roe scheme, 01 natural sciences, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Lax-Friedrichs scheme, Convergence (routing), FOS: Mathematics, Applied mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Uniqueness, 0101 mathematics, material flow, Mathematics, Material flow, Numerical Analysis, non-local conservation laws, Non-local conservation laws, Applied Mathematics, Function (mathematics), 010101 applied mathematics, Roe solver, Computational Mathematics, Discontinuity (linguistics), non-local conservation law, Modeling and Simulation, Focus (optics), Analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract

MSC: 35L65, 65M12; International audience; In this paper, we focus on finite volume approximation schemes to solve a non-local material flow model in two space dimensions. Based on the numerical discretisation with dimensional splitting, we prove the convergence of the approximate solutions, where the main difficulty arises in the treatment of the discontinuity occurring in the flux function. In particular, we compare a Roe-type scheme to the well-established Lax-Friedrichs method and provide a numerical study highlighting the benefits of the Roe discretisation. Besides, we also prove the L1-Lipschitz continuous dependence on the initial datum, ensuring the uniqueness of the solution.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Overcoming the Ivory Tower: A Meta Model for Staged Maturity Models

Author

Susanne Strahringer, Katja Bley, Hendrik Schön, Marié Hattingh, Machdel Matthee, Hanlie Smuts, Ilias Pappas, Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Matti Mäntymäki, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), School of Business Informatics and Mathematics [Mannheim], Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], TC 6, and WG 6.11

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Syntax (programming languages), Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Conceptual modeling, 010501 environmental sciences, Semantics, 01 natural sciences, Data science, Maturity (finance), Article, Metamodeling, Maturity model development, Meta model, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Phenomenon, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Ivory tower, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Interpretability, Strategic development
Abstract

Part 4: Business Processes; International audience; When it comes to the economic and strategic development of companies, maturity models are regarded as silver bullets. However, the existing discrepancy between the large amount of existing, differently developed models and their rare application remains astonishing. We focus on this phenomenon by analyzing the models’ interpretability and possible structural and conceptual inconsistencies. By analyzing existing, staged maturity models, we develop a meta model for staged maturity models so different maturity models may share common semantics and syntax. Our meta model can therefore contribute to the conceptual rigor of existing and future maturity models in all domains and can be decisive for the success or failure of a maturity measurement in a company.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. A non-local traffic flow model for 1-to-1 junctions

Author

Oliver Kolb, Felisia Angela Chiarello, Paola Goatin, Simone Göttlich, Jan Friedrich, Chiarello, Felisia Angela, 3IA Côte d'Azur - - 3IA@cote d'azur2019 - ANR-19-P3IA-0002 - P3IA - VALID, Analysis and Control of Unsteady Models for Engineering Sciences (ACUMES), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], This work was financially supported by the project 'Non-local conservation laws for engineeringapplications' co-funded by DAAD (Project-ID 57445223) and the PHC Procope (Projectno.42503RM)., ANR-19-P3IA-0002,3IA@cote d'azur,3IA Côte d'Azur(2019), and Universität Mannheim

Subjects
Non-local scalar conservation laws, Upwind scheme, [MATH] Mathematics [math], Type (model theory), 01 natural sciences, Macroscopic traffic flow models on networks, [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], Applied mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], 0101 mathematics, [MATH]Mathematics [math], [MATH.MATH-AP] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [MATH.MATH-MP] Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], macroscopic traffic flow models on networks, Mathematics, Conservation law, Sequence, AMS: 35L65, 65M12, 90B20, Applied Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, [MATH.MATH-NA] Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], Non local, 010101 applied mathematics, upwind scheme, Velocity function, Maximum density, Traffic flow modeling, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], Macroscopic traffic flow models on networks AMS subject classifications: 35L65
Abstract

We present a model for a class of non-local conservation laws arising in traffic flow modelling at road junctions. Instead of a single velocity function for the whole road, we consider two different road segments, which may differ for their speed law and number of lanes (hence their maximal vehicle density). We use an upwind type numerical scheme to construct a sequence of approximate solutions, and we provide uniformL∞and total variation estimates. In particular, the solutions of the proposed model stay positive and below the maximum density of each road segment. Using a Lax–Wendroff type argument and the doubling of variables technique, we prove the well-posedness of the proposed model. Finally, some numerical simulations are provided and compared with the corresponding (discontinuous) local model.

Published
2020

18. Micro-Macro limit of a non-local generalized Aw-Rascle type model

Author

Chiarello, Felisia Angela, Friedrich, Jan, Goatin, Paola, Simone Göttlich, Analysis and Control of Unsteady Models for Engineering Sciences (ACUMES), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), University of Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LJAD, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), University of Mannheim, ANR-19-P3IA-0002,3IA@cote d'azur,3IA Côte d'Azur(2019), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Universität Mannheim

Subjects
traffic flow, non-local conservation laws, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], second-order models, micro-macro limits
Abstract

International audience; We introduce a Follow-the-Leader approximation of a non-local generalized Aw-Rascle-Zhang (GARZ) model for traffic flow. We prove the convergence to weak solutions of the corresponding macroscopic equations deriving $L ∞$ and BV estimates. We also provide numerical simulations illustrating the micro-macro convergence and we investigate numerically the non-local to local limit for both the microscopic and macroscopic models.

Published
2020

19. Mehr Transparenz bei Suchergebnissen auf Onlineplattformen nützt den Verbrauchern

Author

Hunold, Matthias, Kesler, Reinhold, Laitenberger, Ulrich, Universität Siegen [Siegen], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Télécom ParisTech, Economie Gestion (ECOGE), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Centre for european economic research (ZEW)

Subjects
ddc:330, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract

Die Anordnung von Suchergebnissen auf Internetplattformen beeinflusst maßgeblich, welche Güter gekauft und welche Dienstleistungen gebucht werden. Allerdings ist nicht jede Positionierung und Empfehlung bei großen Internetplattformen im Interesse der Nutzer/innen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Sichtbarkeit eines Zimmerangebots auf einem Buchungsportal niedriger ist, wenn das Hotel auf einem konkurrierenden Buchungsportal oder der eigenen Website das Zimmer günstiger anbietet. Wenn Buchungsportale die Reihung ihrer empfohlenen Suchergebnisse von Preisen auf anderen Kanälen abhängig machen, dann mag das zwar ihre Gewinne maximieren, steht aber nicht unbedingt in Einklang mit dem Interesse von Kunden, die davon ausgehen,dass die "Empfehlungen" die für sie besten Angebote sind. Diese Praxis birgt zudem Risiken: Ein Portal, das die Anordnung seiner Suchergebnisse davon abhängig macht, wie die Hotels auf anderen Portalen Preise setzen, beeinflusst die Preisgestaltung von Hotels über alle Vertriebskanäle hinweg. Wenn Hotels sich durch ein solches Verhalten gezwungen sehen, ähnliche Preise auf allen Vertriebskanälen zu setzen, wirkt das Verhalten der Portale bis zu einem gewissen Grad wie ein Ersatz für Preisparitätsklauseln. Mit diesen hatten Buchungsportale Hotels in der Vergangenheit vorgeschrieben, stets gleiche Preise auf den Vertriebskanälen zu setzen. Da dies den Wettbewerb zwischen den Buchungsportalen behindern kann, sind sie von Wettbewerbsbehörden und Gesetzgebern in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern verboten worden. Weiterhin kann ein solches Verhalten der Portale dazu führen, dass die Suchergebnisse nicht in Übereinstimmung mit dem Kundeninteresse angeordnet werden, was zu einer niedrigen Suchqualität für die Nutzer/innen führt. The way search results are listed on Internet platforms has a decisive influence on which goods are purchased and which services are booked. However, not every position and recommendation on these platforms is necessarily in the interest of the users. Our results show that a room offer is less visible on a booking portal if the hotel offers the same room cheaper on a competing booking portal or its own website. By making their recommended search results dependent on prices listed on other channels, booking portals may maximise their profits. However, this is not necessarily in the interest of their customers, who assume that the "recommended" search results represent the best offers for them. This strategy also entails certain risks. A portal that lists its results according to how hotels set prices on other portals influences the price-setting strategy of hotels across all sales channels. If such a behaviour forces hotels to set similar prices on all sales channels, this can to a certain extent be regarded as a substitute for price parity clauses. In the past, booking portals used these clauses to force hotels to always set the same prices on all distribution channels. As this can hinder competition between booking portals, these clauses have been banned by competition authorities and lawmakers in several European countries. Furthermore, such behaviour by portals may lead to search results that are not in line with consumer interests, which reduces the search quality for users.

Published
2019

20. The impact of state aid on the survival and financial viability of aided firms

Author

Maurizio Strazzeri, Kai Hüschelrath, Philipp Schmidt-Dengler, Sven Heim, Centre d'économie industrielle i3 (CERNA i3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), and Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]

Subjects
Counterfactual thinking, Finance, Economics and Econometrics, business.industry, Restructuring, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Hazard ratio, Public policy, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, State (polity), 8. Economic growth, 0502 economics and business, Economics, media_common.cataloged_instance, European commission, 050207 economics, European union, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050203 business & management, Survival analysis, 050205 econometrics, media_common
Abstract

We estimate the causal impact of restructuring aid granted by the European Commission between 2003 and 2012 on the survival and financial viability of aided firms. Using a comprehensive dataset we find that restructuring aid increases a firm’s average survival time by 8 to 15 years and decreases the hazard rate by 58 to 68 percent, depending on the definition of firm survival. Further analysis finds strong support that, in the longer run, aid receiving firms have a significantly higher probability to improve their financial viability than the counterfactual group.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Adverse outcome pathways: opportunities, limitations and open questions

Author

Alberto Mantovani, Tanja Waldmann, Bob van de Water, Cristina Cadenas, Hennicke Kamp, Thomas Braunbeck, Annemarie H. Meijer, Mathieu Vinken, Sylvia Escher, Domenico Gadaleta, Patricio Godoy, Anna Forsby, Stefan Schildknecht, Chris T. Evelo, Stefan Höhme, Rosemarie Marchan, Gerhard F. Ecker, Harry Vrieling, Susanne Hougaard Bennekou, Ciarán Fisher, Alice Limonciel, Enrico Mombelli, Rabea Graepel, Marcel Leist, Ahmed Ghallab, Michael Schwarz, Joost B. Beltman, Jens M. Kelm, Albert Braeuning, Olivier Taboureau, Bart van der Burg, Andrea Terron, Ferran Sanz, Frédéric Y. Bois, Steven Dooley, Dinant Kroese, Jan G. Hengstler, Paul Jennings, Egon Willighagen, Barbara Zdrazil, Barry Hardy, Erik H.J. Danen, Bjørn E. V. Koch, David A. Fluri, Christoph van Thriel, Dirk Drasdo, Ben van Ravenzwaay, Iain Gardner, Franz Oesch, Reham Hassan, Raymond Reif, Marvin Martens, Thomas Hartung, University of Konstanz, Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology [Qena], Faculty of Veterinary Medicine [Qena], South Valley University [Qena]-South Valley University [Qena], Universiteit Leiden, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors [Dortmund] (IFADO), Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), The Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), BASF [Ludwigshafen], SimCYP Ltd, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung - Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications (MAMBA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Leipzig, Medical University Graz, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), InSphero [Schlieren], University of Vienna [Vienna], Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), BioDetection Systems, Universität Mannheim, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Douglas Connect GmbH, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (Fraunhofer ITEM), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Carl Zeiss SMT AG, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Faculty of Biology, Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), BASF, DRC/VIVA/METO, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology andToxicology [Tübingen], Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics [Leipzig] (IZBI), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine [ ?-2019] (UGA UFRM [ ?-2019]), Molecular Hepatology - Alcohol Associated Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty of Mannheim-University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, BigCat - Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Research Group, UMR-S973, MTi, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Mario Negri Institute, Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Johannes Gutenberg - University of Mainz (JGU), Centre for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT EU), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona], European Food Safety Authority = Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), IT University of Copenhagen, Molecular and Computational Toxicology, AIMMS, Bioinformatica, RS: NUTRIM - R1 - Obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular health, RS: NUTRIM - R4 - Gene-environment interaction, Promovendi NTM, RS: FHML MaCSBio, Publica, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Connexin Signalling Research Group, Liver Connexin and Pannexin Research Group, and Experimental in vitro toxicology and dermato-cosmetology

Subjects
CCl4, 0301 basic medicine, Proof of non-toxicity, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, CCl, RAPID - Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Biomedical Innovation, Signal transduction, Ecotoxicology, Toxicology, NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS, Prioritization of compounds, Life, Adverse Outcome Pathway, ACTIVATED STELLATE CELLS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Risk assessment, TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR, Event (computing), EVIDENCE-BASED TOXICOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS, General Medicine, Toxicokinetics, Multiple hit events Proof of non-toxicity, Evidence-based toxicology, Identification (information), Paracetamol, Risk analysis (engineering), Vinyl acetate, RISK-ASSESSMENT, Systems biology, Construct (philosophy), Healthy Living, Human, Quality Control, READ-ACROSS, Vinyl Compounds, Plasticity, Liver fibrosis, Nanotechnology, Harmonization, Multiple hit events, Biology, History, 21st Century, Risk Assessment, Binning of events, Adverse outcome, 03 medical and health sciences, Adverse outcome pathway, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, ddc:570, Tumor promotion, Journal Article, Animals, Humans, Vinyl acetate Tumor promotion, Regulatory toxicology, Set (psychology), Epidemiological data, Adverse Outcome Pathways, Interspecies extrapolation, 030111 toxicology, SYSTEMS TOXICOLOGY, Nonhuman, Toxicity assay, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Multi-scale integration, Metabolism, 030104 developmental biology, DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY, Computational toxicology, ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences, Pathway unidirectionality
Abstract

Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are a recent toxicological construct that connects, in a formalized, transparent and quality-controlled way, mechanistic information to apical endpoints for regulatory purposes. AOP links a molecular initiating event (MIE) to the adverse outcome (AO) via key events (KE), in a way specified by key event relationships (KER). Although this approach to formalize mechanistic toxicological information only started in 2010, over 200 AOPs have already been established. At this stage, new requirements arise, such as the need for harmonization and re-assessment, for continuous updating, as well as for alerting about pitfalls, misuses and limits of applicability. In this review, the history of the AOP concept and its most prominent strengths are discussed, including the advantages of a formalized approach, the systematic collection of weight of evidence, the linkage of mechanisms to apical end points, the examination of the plausibility of epidemiological data, the identification of critical knowledge gaps and the design of mechanistic test methods. To prepare the ground for a broadened and appropriate use of AOPs, some widespread misconceptions are explained. Moreover, potential weaknesses and shortcomings of the current AOP rule set are addressed (1) to facilitate the discussion on its further evolution and (2) to better define appropriate vs. less suitable application areas. Exemplary toxicological studies are presented to discuss the linearity assumptions of AOP, the management of event modifiers and compensatory mechanisms, and whether a separation of toxicodynamics from toxicokinetics including metabolism is possible in the framework of pathway plasticity. Suggestions on how to compromise between different needs of AOP stakeholders have been added. A clear definition of open questions and limitations is provided to encourage further progress in the field. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. CMC-core: A basic schema for encoding corpora of computer-mediated communication in TEI

Author

Beißwenger, Michael, Lüngen, Harald, Herzberg, Laura, Wigham, Ciara R., Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS), Leibniz Association, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Langage (LRL), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Wigham, Ciara R., and Universität Mannheim

Subjects
[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

23. Fronde 2.0. Les députés français sur Twitter

Author

Charles Louis-Sidois, Florence Ecormier-nocca, Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (CEE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CEE), and Sciences Po Institutional Repository, Spire

Subjects
individualisation des députés, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Sociology and Political Science, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, 05 social sciences, Twitter, [INFO.INFO-TT] Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, discipline de parti, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, 0506 political science, [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, [SHS.STAT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, 0502 economics and business, Political Science and International Relations, 050602 political science & public administration, 050207 economics, [SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

Nous proposons dans cet article de revisiter l’étude de la dissidence parlementaire en confrontant les méthodes et données « classiques » - analyse statistique des votes législatifs à l’Assemblée durant la XIVe législature (2012-2017) - à des méthodes issues du machine learning et appliquées aux tweets de campagne des députés et de leur parti de mars à juin 2017. Nous trouvons d’une part que les résultats obtenus par les deux méthodes sont globalement cohérents, ce qui confirme la pertinence de l’utilisation de Twitter comme baromètre de la vie politique. D’autre part, nous montrons que les méthodes telles que le classifieur bayésien naïf et l’algorithme de machine à vecteurs de support (SVM) permettent de prédire les restructurations partisanes qui ont eu lieu durant la campagne électorale. Ces tendances n’étant pas détectables statistiquement avec les outils classiques, nous concluons que les méthodes de machine learning appliquées à Twitter peuvent contribuer significativement à la compréhension des phénomènes partisans.

Published
2019

24. Mixed circular codes

Author

Fimmel, Elena, Michel, Christian, Pirot, François, Sereni, Jean-Sébastien, Strüngmann, Lutz, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Knowledge representation, reasonning (ORPAILLEUR), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Radboud university [Nijmegen], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Mixed circular codes, Graph properties, Tetranucleotide circular codes, [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], Trinucleotide circular codes, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Dinucleotide circular codes
Abstract

International audience; By an extensive statistical analysis in genes of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, plasmids and viruses, a maximal C3-self-complementary trinucleotide circular code has been found to have the highest average occurrence in the reading frame of the ribosome during translation. Circular codes may play an important role in maintaining the correct reading frame. On the other hand, as several evolutionary theories propose primeval codes based on dinucleotides, trinucleotides and tetranucleotides, mixed circular codes are investigated.By using a graph-theoretical approach of circular codes recently developed, we study mixed circular codes, which are the union of a dinucleotide circular code, a trinucleotide circular code and a tetranucleotide circular code. Maximal mixed circular codes of (di,tri)-nucleotides, (tri,tetra)-nucleotides and (di,tri,tetra)-nucleotides are constructed, respectively. In particular, we show that any maximal dinucleotide circular code of size 6 can be embedded into a maximal mixed (di,tri)-nucleotide circular code such that its trinucleotide component is a maximal C3-comma-free code. The growth function of self-complementary mixed circular codes of dinucleotides and trinucleotides is given. Self-complementary mixed circular codes could have been involved in primitive genetic processes.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Anselm Doering-Manteuffel, Konturen von Ordnung

Author

Angster, Julia, Conze, Eckart, and Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]

Subjects
[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

26. From aggregate betting data to individual risk preferences

Author

Pierre-André Chiappori, François Salanié, Amit Gandhi, Bernard Salanié, Department of Economics, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Class (computer programming), education.field_of_study, Identification, business.industry, Economics, attitudes towards risk, 05 social sciences, Population, Aggregate (data warehouse), Distribution (economics), Individual risk, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Weighting, revealed preferences, Identification (information), 0502 economics and business, Econometrics, education, business, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Expected utility hypothesis, 050205 econometrics
Abstract

We show that even in the absence of data on individual decisions, the distribution of individual attitudes towards risk can be identified from the aggregate conditions that characterize equilibrium on markets for risky assets. Taking parimutuel horse races as a textbook model of contingent markets, we allow for heterogeneous bettors with very general risk preferences, including non-expected utility. Under a standard single-crossing condition on preferences, we identify the distribution of preferences among the population of bettors and we derive testable implications. We estimate the model on data from U.S. races. Specifications based on expected utility fit the data very poorly. Our results stress the crucial importance of nonlinear probability weighting. They also suggest that several dimensions of heterogeneity may be at work.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. A Role-Based Capability Modeling Approach for Adaptive Information Systems

Author

Susanne Strahringer, Jelena Zdravkovic, Janis Stirna, Hendrik Schön, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Stockholm University, School of Business Informatics and Mathematics [Mannheim], Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Jaap Gordijn, Wided Guédria, Henderik A. Proper, TC 8, and WG 8.1

Subjects
Structure (mathematical logic), Flexibility (engineering), Business requirements, Relation (database), Modeling language, business.industry, Computer science, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, 05 social sciences, Context, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Roles, Capability modeling, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Information system, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Software system, Software engineering, business, 050203 business & management
Abstract

Part 2: Modeling and Ontologies; International audience; Most modeling approaches lack in their ability to cover a full-fledged view of a software system’s business requirements, goals, and capabilities and to specify aspects of flexibility and variability. The modeling language Capability Driven Development (CDD) allows modeling capabilities and their relation to the execution context. However, its context-dependency lacks the possibility to define dynamic structural information that may be part of the context: persons, their roles, and the impact of objects that are involved in a particular execution occurrence. To solve this issue, we extended the CDD method with the BROS modeling approach, a role-based structural modeling language that allows the definition of context-dependent and dynamic structure of an information system. In this paper, we propose the integrated combination of the two modeling approaches by extending the CDD meta-model with necessary concepts from BROS. This combination allows for technical development of the information system (BROS) by starting with capability modeling using CDD. We demonstrate the combined meta-model in an example based on a real-world use case. With it, we show the benefits of modeling detailed business requirements regarding context comprising environment- and object-related information.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Clonal Hematopoiesis with Oncogenic Potential (CHOP): Separation from CHIP and Roads to AML

Author

Peter, Valent, Wolfgang, Kern, Gregor, Hoermann, Jelena D, Milosevic Feenstra, Karl, Sotlar, Michael, Pfeilstöcker, Ulrich, Germing, Wolfgang R, Sperr, Andreas, Reiter, Dominik, Wolf, Michel, Arock, Torsten, Haferlach, Hans-Peter, Horny, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Service d'Hématologie clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)

Subjects
Carcinogenesis, neoplastic stem cells, premalignant states, clonal evolution, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Oncogenes, Review, Hematopoiesis, lcsh:Chemistry, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Mutation, Humans, cancer, Precancerous Conditions, lcsh:QH301-705.5
Abstract

International audience; The development of leukemia is a step-wise process that is associated with molecular diversification and clonal selection of neoplastic stem cells. Depending on the number and combinations of lesions, one or more sub-clones expand/s after a variable latency period. Initial stages may develop early in life or later in adulthood and include premalignant (indolent) stages and the malignant phase, defined by an acute leukemia. We recently proposed a cancer model in which the earliest somatic lesions are often age-related early mutations detectable in apparently healthy individuals and where additional oncogenic mutations will lead to the development of an overt neoplasm that is usually a preleukemic condition such as a myelodysplastic syndrome. These neoplasms may or may not transform to overt acute leukemia over time. Thus, depending on the type and number of somatic mutations, clonal hematopoiesis (CH) can be divided into CH with indeterminate potential (CHIP) and CH with oncogenic potential (CHOP). Whereas CHIP mutations per se usually create the molecular background of a neoplastic process, CHOP mutations are disease-related or even disease-specific lesions that trigger differentiation and/or proliferation of neoplastic cells. Over time, the acquisition of additional oncogenic events converts preleukemic neoplasms into secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). In the present article, recent developments in the field are discussed with a focus on CHOP mutations that lead to distinct myeloid neoplasms, their role in disease evolution, and the impact of additional lesions that can drive a preleukemic neoplasm into sAML.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Assessment of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: practical guidelines

Author

Nicola De Stefano, Olga Ciccarelli, Massimo Filippi, Frederik Barkhof, Achim Gass, Mike P. Wattjes, Catherine Lubetzki, Jeroen J. G. Geurts, Tarek A. Yousry, Friedemann Paul, Brian G. Weinshenker, Maria A. Rocca, Brenda Banwell, Anthony Traboulsee, Daniel S. Reich, Paolo Preziosa, Ahmed T. Toosy, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Perelman School of Medicine, VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), University College of London [London] (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin] (MDC), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), University of British Columbia (UBC), Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mayo Clinic [Rochester], Filippi, Massimo, Preziosa, Paolo, Banwell, Brenda L, Barkhof, Frederik, Ciccarelli, Olga, De Stefano, Nicola, Geurts, Jeroen J G, Paul, Friedemann, Reich, Daniel S, Toosy, Ahmed T, Traboulsee, Anthony, Wattjes, Mike P, Yousry, Tarek A, Gass, Achim, Lubetzki, Catherine, Weinshenker, Brian G, and Rocca, Maria A

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Neuroimaging, Review Article, multiple sclerosis, lesions, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Diagnosis, Differential, lesion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diagnosis, medicine, Humans, magnetic resonance imaging, guidelines, Medical diagnosis, Susac Syndrome, diagnostic criteria, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multiple Sclerosis, Practice Guidelines as Topic, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders, Differential, Biomarker (medicine), [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), Radiology, business, guideline, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Red flags
Abstract

MRI has improved the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis, but inappropriate image interpretation has contributed to misdiagnosis. Filippi et al. provide a practical guide to the proper recognition of multiple sclerosis lesions, including a thorough description and illustration of typical MRI features, as well as a discussion of red flags suggestive of alternative diagnoses., MRI has improved the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis, but inappropriate image interpretation and application of MRI diagnostic criteria contribute to misdiagnosis. Some diseases, now recognized as conditions distinct from multiple sclerosis, may satisfy the MRI criteria for multiple sclerosis (e.g. neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, Susac syndrome), thus making the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis more challenging, especially if biomarker testing (such as serum anti-AQP4 antibodies) is not informative. Improvements in MRI technology contribute and promise to better define the typical features of multiple sclerosis lesions (e.g. juxtacortical and periventricular location, cortical involvement). Greater understanding of some key aspects of multiple sclerosis pathobiology has allowed the identification of characteristics more specific to multiple sclerosis (e.g. central vein sign, subpial demyelination and lesional rims), which are not included in the current multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria. In this review, we provide the clinicians and researchers with a practical guide to enhance the proper recognition of multiple sclerosis lesions, including a thorough definition and illustration of typical MRI features, as well as a discussion of red flags suggestive of alternative diagnoses. We also discuss the possible place of emerging qualitative features of lesions which may become important in the near future.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. From less promising to green? Technological opportunities and their role in (green) ICT innovation

Author

Patrick Schulte, Sascha Rexhäuser, Grazia Cecere, Département Droit, Economie et Finances (DEFI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Ecole de Management (TEM)-Institut Mines-Télécom Business School (IMT-BS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Réseaux Innovation Territoires et Mondialisation (RITM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire en Innovation, Technologies, Economie et Management (EA 7363) (LITEM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut Mines-Télécom Business School (IMT-BS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], LITEM-IMO, Département Droit, Economie et Finances (IMT-BS - DEFI), Télécom Ecole de Management (TEM)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom Business School (IMT-BS), and Universität Mannheim

Subjects
Economic growth, Engineering, L63, Green innovation, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D2 - Production and Organizations/D.D2.D22 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis, Technical change, Information and communication technology (ICT), Green computing, Green ICT, Management of Technology and Innovation, 0502 economics and business, ddc:330, dynamic countdata model, 050207 economics, Innovation, Technological opportunities, Industrial organization, O31, 050208 finance, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Firm-level patent data, European patent office, Q55, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing/L.L6.L63 - Microelectronics • Computers • Communications Equipment, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, innovation, Information and Communications Technology, Dynamic count data model, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, green ICT, Business, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O3 - Innovation • Research and Development • Technological Change • Intellectual Property Rights/O.O3.O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives, information and communication technology (ICT), Construct (philosophy), JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q55 - Technological Innovation, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, 050203 business & management, firm-level patent data, D22, Panel data
Abstract

CNRS 3, FNEGE 4, HCERES B; International audience; This article aims to shed light on the role of technological opportunities for green innovation by studying the case of Green ICT innovation. We test whether firms active in low-opportunity technological areas are less likely to be innovative and whether they are more likely to change their direction of technical change. To do so, we construct a firm-level panel data set for the years 1992–2009 combining patent data from the European Patent Office with firm-level data from the German Innovation Panel (Mannheim Innovation Panel). The results are based on dynamic count data estimation models applying General Methods of Moments estimators. Our results support our hypotheses: firms active in low-opportunity technological areas are less innovative but are more likely to switch from pure ICT innovation to Green ICT innovation.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Political favouritism and social conflict: a case study of the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) in Pakistan

Author

Muhammad Waqas, André Torre, Department of Economics, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech

Subjects
Economic growth, Public Administration, Sociology and Political Science, 050204 development studies, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 05 social sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, 1. No poverty, Interpersonal communication, protection sociale, pauvreté, Urban Studies, Identification (information), Politics, Income Support, Political science, 0502 economics and business, conflits, Social conflict, Pakistan, 050207 economics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Publié en ligne le 14 juin 2019; Although the efficiency of social-protection programmes depends on their coverage and the accurate targeting of those in need, the identification of beneficiaries can result from interpersonal relationships and political favouritism. This paper explores the impact of political favouritism on the identification of beneficiaries of Pakistan’s Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) in Sargodha district of Punjab in Pakistan. A comparison of beneficiaries identified by parliamentary representatives with those identified by a Poverty Score Card survey method reveals that the former were not the poorest and did not satisfy the stated selection criteria, while the existence of these two methods was a cause of conflict whose probability increased with the degree of political favouritism, lack of education and rural–urban disparities, but decreased with increases in the level of income.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Hotel Rankings of Online Travel Agents, Channel Pricing and Consumer Protection

Author

Matthias Hunold, Reinhold Kesler, Ulrich Laitenberger, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Télécom ParisTech, Economie Gestion (ECOGE), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and University of Zurich

Subjects
1403 Business and International Management, online travel agents, L42, media_common.quotation_subject, Distribution (economics), Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Price discrimination, Microeconomics, 10004 Department of Business Administration, ranking, 0502 economics and business, ddc:330, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Quality (business), free-riding, search bias, 050207 economics, [QFIN.TR]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Trading and Market Microstructure [q-fin.TR], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 050208 finance, business.industry, 330 Wirtschaft, 05 social sciences, Consumer protection, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 330 Economics, consumer protection, Free riding, D40, Ranking, L81, Position (finance), [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Business, hotel booking, 1406 Marketing, Communication channel
Abstract

We investigate whether online travel agents (OTAs) assign hotels worse positions in their search results if these set lower hotel prices at other OTAs or on their own websites. We formally characterize how an OTA can use such a strategy to reduce price differentiation across distribution channels. Our empirical analysis shows that the position of a hotel in the search results of OTAs is better when the prices charged by the hotel on other channels are higher. This is consistent with the hypothesis that OTAs alter their search results to discipline hotels for aggressive prices on com-peting channels, thereby reducing the search quality for consumers.

Published
2019

33. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013

Author

Yong Zhao, Hadi Danawi, Bach Xuan Tran, Gene Bukhman, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Taavi Tillmann, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Yongmei Li, Jerry Puthenpurakal Abraham, Sudan Prasad Neupane, Jack Caravanos, Ben Schöttker, Rafael Lozano, Damian G Hoy, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Sergey Soshnikov, Yukito Shinohara, Randall V. Martin, Michael Brainin, Fernando Perez-Ruiz, Yingfeng Zheng, Santosh Mishra, Julio Cesar Montañez Hernandez, Michael Phillips, Belinda J. Gabbe, Hebe N. Gouda, Ziad A. Memish, Rupert R A Bourne, Guoqing Hu, Emmanuel A. Ameh, Abigail McLain, Michelle L. Bell, Christopher Margono, Marissa Iannarone, Wilkister N. Moturi, Donald H. Silberberg, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Nataliya Foigt, Anand Dayama, Yanping Wang, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Monica S. Vavilala, Katherine B Gibney, David Tanne, Sidibe S Kany Roseline, Marcella Montico, Abhishek Singh, Sarah Derrett, Alireza Esteghamati, Seok Jun Yoon, Corine Karema, Rakhi Dandona, David M. Pereira, Kazem Rahimi, Gitanjali M. Singh, Vivekanand Jha, John Hornberger, Anne M. Riederer, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Andrea Pedroza, Lily Alexander, Fiona M. Blyth, Tommi Vasankari, Kyle J Foreman, Rana J. Asghar, Tilahun Nigatu Haregu, Yousef Khader, Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Lydia S. Atkins, Simerjot K. Jassal, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Peter Scarborough, Hans W. Hoek, E. Ray Dorsey, Muluken Dessalegn, David C. Schwebel, Gavin Shaddick, Thomas D. Fleming, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Christopher C. Mapoma, Jost B. Jonas, Erin C Mullany, Gene F. Kwan, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Roberto Tchio Talongwa, Tolesa Bekele, Jed D. Blore, Gunn Marit Aasvang, Philimon Gona, Miguel Angel Alegretti, Babak Eshrati, Mitsuru Mukaigawara, Richard F. Gillum, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Ubai Alsharif, Richard C. Franklin, Felix Masiye, Richard T. Burnett, Sanjay Krishnaswami, Martin McKee, John J Huang, Lucía Cuevas-Nasu, Wagner Marcenes, Walid Ammar, Knud Juel, Joseph R. Zunt, Martha M Téllez Rojo, Mamta Swaroop, Noela M Prasad, Azmeraw T. Amare, Tim Driscoll, Michael Kravchenko, Heresh Amini, Amir Sapkota, Theo Vos, Charlotte Watts, Dennis Odai Laryea, D. Alex Quistberg, Justin Beardsley, Cheng Huang, Adnan M. Durrani, Sarah V Thackway, Rita Van Dingenen, Manami Inoue, Martha Híjar, Honglei Chen, Amany H. Refaat, Yichong Li, Vineet K. Chadha, Wenzhi Wang, Louisa Degenhardt, Kingsley N. Ukwaja, Nayu Ikeda, James D. Wilkinson, Linh N Bui, Maria Hagströmer, Gonghuan Yang, Ann Kristin Knudsen, David J. Margolis, Soewarta Kosen, Hans Kromhout, Atsushi Goto, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Thomas N. Williams, Michael Soljak, Yun Jin Kim, Hideaki Toyoshima, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Borja del Pozo-Cruz, Soufiane Boufous, Ivy Shiue, Anders Larsson, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, John Powles, Yara A. Halasa, Robin Room, Ratilal Lalloo, Carolina Batis Ruvalcaba, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Elisabete Weiderpass, Jürgen Rehm, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Alicia Aleman, Zacharie Tsala Dimbuene, Elena Alvarez, Rachelle Buchbinder, Randah R. Hamadeh, Bryan Hubbell, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Farhad Islami, Costas A. Christophi, Heidi Stöckl, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Nigel Bruce, Edward J Mills, Samuel A L Perry, Taavi Lai, Baffour Awuah, Mete Saylan, Karen J. Courville, Arindam Basu, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Teresita González de Cosío, Naohiro Yonemoto, Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni, Muluken Azage Yenesew, Atte Meretoja, Michael Brauer, Cyrus Cooper, Giorgia Giussani, Valentina S. Arsic Arsenijevic, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov, André Karch, Leilei Duan, Matthew M Coates, Omid Ameli, Gelin Xu, Matthias Endres, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Mohamed Hsairi, Palwasha Anwari, Mazin J. Al Khabouri, Dariush Mozaffarian, Juan R. Sanabria, Pablo M. Lavados, Sumeet S. Chugh, Johan Ärnlöv, Ivo Rakovac, Maurice Giroud, Haidong Kan, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed Ginawi, José Luis Texcalac-Sangrador, Luigi Naldi, Erica Leigh Slepak, Deena Alasfoor, James E. Saunders, Richard Matzopoulos, Talal Bakfalouni, Stein Emil Vollset, Andrea Werdecker, Lennert J. Veerman, Lorenzo Monasta, Henrica A. F. M. Jansen, Reyna A Gutiérrez, Brittany Wurtz, Luz Maria Sanchez, Lijing L. Yan, M. Patrice Lindsay, Michele Meltzer, Sanjay Basu, Steven van de Vijver, Alaa Badawi, Thomas Claßen, Young-Ho Khang, Brett M. Kissela, Jun Zhu, In-Hwan Oh, Fiona J Charlson, Maria Cecilia Bahit, Dinorah González-Castell, Rosario Cárdenas, Dan Poenaru, Sayed Saidul Alam, Mitchell T. Wallin, Harish Chander Gugnani, James Leigh, Ferrán Catalá-López, Lidia Morawska, Jim van Os, Stephanie J. London, Kaire Innos, Isabelle Romieu, Fiorella Cavalleri, Adrian Davis, Hwee Pin Phua, Chakib Nejjari, Héctor Gómez Dantés, Boris I. Pavlin, Karen Sliwa, Lynne Gaffikin, Constance D. Pond, Michael F. MacIntyre, Blake Thomson, Norberto Perico, Ronny Westerman, Samantha M. Colquhoun, Michael H. Criqui, Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos, Wubegzier Mekonnen, Bulat Idrisov, Ana Basto-Abreu, Andrew G. M. Bulloch, Jasvinder A. Singh, Vinod K. Paul, Emin Murat Tuzcu, Svetlana Popova, Hmwe H Kyu, Richard L. Guerrant, Mohammed I. Albittar, Srikanth Mangalam, Steven E. Lipshultz, Lela Sturua, Semaw Ferede Abera, Eduardo Bernabé, George D. Thurston, Bruno F. Sunguya, Tiffany Ku, Alejandra G. Contreras, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Charles Atkinson, Ashkan Afshin, Heidi J. Larson, Abdullatif Husseini, Jose C. Adsuar, Reza Assadi, Ademola Lukman Adelekan, Joshua A. Salomon, Yousef M. Elshrek, Gokalp Kadri Yentur, Devina Nand, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Graça Maria Ferreira De Lima, Maheswar Satpathy, Fotis Topouzis, Traolach S. Brugha, Hywel C Williams, Coen H. Van Gool, Andrew H. Kemp, Awoke Misganaw, Amado D Quezada, Norito Kawakami, Bert Brunekreef, Peter Burney, Tati S. Warouw, Jongmin Lee, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Marcel Tanner, Solveig A. Cunningham, Benjamin O. Anderson, Tariku Jibat Beyene, Lars Barregard, Xia Wan, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Bernadette Thomas, Lilia S Pedraza, Massimo Cirillo, Alina Rodriguez, Ricky Leung, Farshad Pourmalek, K. Srinath Reddy, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Ulrich O Mueller, Neeraj Bedi, Al Artaman, Lucia Hernandez, Itamar S. Santos, C. Arden Pope, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Carlo Irwin A. Panelo, Selen Begüm Uzun, Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris, Anwar Rafay, Daniel Dicker, Melvin Barrientos Marzan, Sajjad Ur Rahman, Mohammed O. Basulaiman, Edgar P. Simard, Mohammad T Mashal, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Shiwei Liu, Don C. Des Jarlais, Bo Norrving, Salvador Villalpando, Miia Kivipelto, Yang Liu, Carolina Maria Teixeira, Catalina Medina, Sudha Jayaraman, Josep Maria Haro, Diego De Leo, Angel J Paternina Caicedo, Abigail C. McKay, Eric L. Ding, Mukesh Dherani, Ljiljana Pejin Stokic, Vinay Nangia, Sukanta Saha, Juan Liang, Elisabeth Cardis, Zourkaleini Younoussi, José R Nogueira, Braden Te Ao, Vasco Manuel Pedro Machado, Lionel Racapé, Ting Wu Chuang, Shahab Khatibzadeh, E Filipa de Castro, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Ulises Trujillo, Alan D. Lopez, Soraya Seedat, Lope H Barrero, Linhong Wang, Daniel Pope, Alexandra Brazinova, Faris Lami, Valentina Colistro, G Anil Kumar, Derek F J Fay, Haidong Wang, Hwashin H. Shin, Raimundas Lunevicius, Suzanne Polinder, Dietrich Plass, David Rojas-Rueda, Stephen S Lim, Tania G Sánchez-Pimienta, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Yuantao Hao, Jung-Chen Chang, Corina Benjet, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Luciano A. Sposato, Stan Biryukov, Kunihiro Matsushita, Beth E. Ebel, Cleusa P. Ferri, Soumya Swaminathan, K. Ryan Wessells, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Leslie T. Cooper, David O. Carpenter, Nancy Lopez, Bryan L. Sykes, Sandra Nolte, Murray B. Stein, Paul N. Jensen, Fabiola Mejía-Rodríguez, Xiaonong Zou, Bradford D. Gessner, Dhruv S. Kazi, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Alejandra Jáuregui, Pouria Heydarpour, Megan Bohensky, Harvey Whiteford, Berrak Bora Basara, Zhengming Chen, Gregory R. Wagner, Paul I. Dargan, Hermann Brenner, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, John Nelson Opio, Scott Weichenthal, Deborah Salvo, Jun She, Tea Lallukka, Carolyn C. Gotay, Stephen G. Waller, Christian Kieling, Shivanthi Balalla, Valery L. Feigin, Qing Lan, Matias Trillini, Adam D M Briggs, Sungroul Kim, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Renata Micha, Sergey Petrovich Ermakov, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Paul S. F. Yip, Grant Nguyen, Ralph L. Sacco, Biju Abraham, Ken Takahashi, Jixiang Ma, Peter A. Meaney, Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Kimberly Cooperrider, M Rifat Kose, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khalifa, Rasmus Havmoeller, Alize J. Ferrari, Kebede Deribe, Nadim E. Karam, George A. Mensah, Bongani M. Mayosi, Konrad Pesudovs, Joanna Moschandreas, Ziad Nahas, James Damsere-Derry, Nsanzimana Sabin, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez, Ying Jiang, Andre Pascal Kengne, Peter Allebeck, Jonas Minet Kinge, Shankuan Zhu, Guy B. Marks, Daniel C Casey, Marco A Avila, Anna Roca, Lalit Dandona, Ami R. Moore, Adansi A. Amankwaa, David Gunnell, Andre Keren, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Nhung T Nguyen, Anthony D. Woolf, Mayuree Rao, Peter J. Allen, Christina Papachristou, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Ravi Kumar Balu, Marie Ng, Marcello Tonelli, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Maigeng Zhou, Emmanuela Gakidou, Mohammed K. Ali, Amanda W Pain, Dan J. Stein, Kawkab Shishani, Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé, Howard J. Hoffman, James Scott, Nadine Steckling, Samia Alhabib, Deborah Jarvis, Kara Estep, Arsène Kouablan Adou, Ricardo Orozco, Holly Hagan, K. C. Astha, Reza Malekzadeh, Klara Dokova, Aliya Naheed, Ernst J. Kuipers, Valeria Caso, Derrick A Bennett, Andrea B. Feigl, Uche S. Uchendu, Holly E. Erskine, Shireen Sindi, Arjun Lakshmana Balaji, Francesco Saverio Violante, Monika Sawhney, Alejandra Cantoral, Ketevan Goginashvili, Raghib Ali, Fan Jiang, Robert G. Weintraub, Homie Razavi, Myriam Tobollik, Howard Hu, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Irma Khonelidze, Patricia M. Riccio, Eun-Kee Park, Julio Cesar Campuzano, Ibrahim Abubakar, Jürgen C Schmidt, Konstantinos Stroumpoulis, Aref A. Bin Abdulhak, Graeme J. Hankey, Natan M. Bornstein, Mouhanad Hammami, Lee Richardson, Rintaro Mori, Alanur Çavlin, Ruth W Kimokoti, Samir Soneji, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, John Q. Wong, Joseph Frostad, Tom Achoki, Rahman Shiri, Ashish Bhalla, Kurt Straif, Simon I. Hay, Scott B. Patten, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Awoke Misganaw Temesgen, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Ryan M Barber, Rosana E. Norman, JianLi Wang, Siyi Shangguan, Luke Nyakarahuka, Kovin Naidoo, Charles D. H. Parry, Mercedes Colomar, H. Ross Anderson, Carlos Magis-Rodriguez, Joan M. Nolla, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Karen Devries, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman, Denis Nash, Marape Marape, Rajiv Chowdhury, Dima M. Qato, Luca Ronfani, Nobhojit Roy, Daniel Kim, Yuichiro Yano, Luke D. Knibbs, Margaret Robinson, Hilda L Harb, Rogelio Pérez-Padilla, Janet L Leasher, Jonathan L. Wright, Peter Brooks, Cristiana Abbafati, Belinda K Lloyd, Victor Aboyans, Nikhil Tandon, Charles R. Newton, Simón Barquera, Ted R. Miller, Kinnari S. Murthy, Habib Benzian, Glen Mola, Paulo A. Lotufo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang, Alexander Kraemer, Solomon Meseret Woldeyohannes, Saman Fahimi, Lesley Rushton, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Logan Sandar, Bruce Neal, Teresa Shamah Levy, Karen M. Tabb, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Christopher J L Murray, Ramesh Sahathevan, Aaron Cohen, Chanda Kulkarni, Van C. Lansingh, François Alla, Tasara T. Mazorodze, Murugesan Raju, Saeid Shahraz, Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, Rajeev Gupta, Neil Pearce, Mustafa Z. Younis, Veena S. Kulkarni, Francisco A García-Guerra, Amanda G. Thrift, Stefan Ma, Samaya Ismayilova, Evariste Gasana, Amitava Banerjee, Aslam Pervaiz, Emilie Agardh, Abraham D. Flaxman, Farshad Farzadfar, Peter W. Gething, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Boris Bikbov, Wanqing Chen, Saad B. Omer, Ruben Castro, Neeraj Bhala, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Hilton Lam, Urbano Fra Paleo, Lidia Sanchez-Riera, Alicia Elena Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Kristen Delwiche, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Max Petzold, Yuri Y Varakin, Guilherme Borges, Guohong Jiang, Francis Guillemin, Kyle R. Heuton, Yohannes Kinfu, Victoria F Bachman, Joseph A Wagner, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Leonardo Trasande, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Josef Coresh, Chuanhua Yu, Kenji Shibuya, Berrin Serdar, Laetitia Huiart, Xiaofeng Liang, Jean de Dieu Ngirabega, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Natalie Stephens, Francis Apolinary Mhimbira, Jefferson Traebert, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Kjetil Søreide, Samath D Dharmaratne, Robert P. Dellavalle, George Mugambage Ruhago, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Joannie Lortet-Tieulent, Dipan Bose, Tania C Aburto, Saleem M Rana, Miriam Levi, Mohammad Taghi Hedayati, Rodolfo S Pagcatipunan, Ron T. Gansevoort, H. D. Hosgood, Michael Burch, Mohsen Naghavi, Vegard Skirbekk, Ayfer Pekericli, Walter Mendoza, Pengpeng Ye, Gabrielle deVeber, Ali H. Mokdad, David M. Broday, Koranteng Adofo, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Shifalika Goenka, Carrie Beth Peterson, Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg, Edson Serván-Mori, Anil Kaul, Foad Abd-Allah, Marek Majdan, Rahul Gupta, Giancarlo Logroscino, Kardiyoloji, Peterson, Carrie B., Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), London South Bank University, Metropolitan Police Service, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] (LMU), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Insight Centre for Data Analytics [Galway] (INSIGHT), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidemiologie Clinique/essais Cliniques Nancy, Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Karolinska Institute, karolinska institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Regional Genetic Service, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (LIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computer Science Department [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Samsung Research &Development Institute India - Bangalore (Groupe Samsung) (SRI-B), Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] (STFC), Science & Technologie Facilities Council, Multimedia Research Center (MRC), University of Alberta, Division of Biostatistics (Biostat - MINNEAPOLIS), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, University of Southampton, Imperial College London, Neurology Department, Ichilov Medical Center, Interactions, transferts, ruptures artistiques et culturels - EA 6301 (InTRu), Université de Tours, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Risk Assessment Sciences Institute, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute [UK], CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), STAR laboratory, Stanford University [Stanford], Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore (NUS), Centre de Robotique (CAOR), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Swansea University, Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Neuro Rehab Services LLP [New Delhi], Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC), Univ. Politec. de Catalunya, King‘s College London, Dept. Mat. Engn. De Ma, Sao Carlos, Fed. Univ. Sao Carlos UFSCar, RESPEC (RESPEC), RESPEC, Advanced Laboratories on Embedded Systems [Roma] (ALES), Department of Biology [Miami], University of Miami [Coral Gables], Health Care, Minister Of Labour-Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs, Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, University of Oxford [Oxford], College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia, Laboratory of Neurologic Diseases, Mario Negri Institute, Milan, Department of Civil Engineering [Hamirpur], National Institute of Technology [Hamirpur], GEMMA — Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (Ariana, Tunisie) (INRAP), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University-Shahid Beheshti University, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Tehran, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Public Health Division, Sociétés, Acteurs, Gouvernement en Europe (SAGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, George Washington University (GW), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Washington State University (WSU), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, School of Computer Science - China University of Geosciences (China University of Geosciences (East Area)), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Fachbereich Physik [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Div Cyclotron & Radiopharmaceut Sci (DRDO, INMAS), Univ New Delhi, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews [Scotland], University of Cape Town, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Daejeon] (Chungnam National University), Lawrence University, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tata Research Development and Design Center (TRDDC), TCS Innovation Labs, University of Helsinki, Google Inc [Mountain View], Research at Google, Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI), Servicio de Neurologia (SANTIAGO - Neurologie), Universidad del Desarrollo, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (CAD Laboratory), The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Università degli studi di Bari, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Centre d'études et de recherche en informatique et communications (CEDRIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] (Heudiasyc), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Information and Electrical Engineering [Beijing] (CIEE), China Agricultural University (CAU), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble [2013-2019] (ESPE Grenoble [2013-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Mathematics, University of Iowa [Iowa City], College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Saudi Ministry of Health, Institut national des recherches agricoles du Bénin, Centre de Recherches agricoles du Sud, Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Unit of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of Virginia, University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo', Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Department of Chemistry, Scientific Computing Research Unit, Department of dermatology, Milano University-Azienda Ospedaleria Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University [New York], The Georges Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, Department of epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Département Optique (OPT), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona], Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Department of Neurology Lunds University Hospital Lund, Unit of Functional Bionanomaterials, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department - Case Western Reserve University, Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], World Health Organization, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Nordic School of Public Health, The James Hutton Institute, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Public Health, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Center for TeleInFrastruktur (CTIF), Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Physikalisches Institut [Freiburg], Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 (STL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Dept.of Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Istituto Mario Negri Bergamo, Centro Ricerche e Trapianti Villa Camozzi, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho [São José do Rio Preto] (UNESP), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production (LGI2P), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut geològic de Catalunya (IGC), Institut Geològic de Catalunya-IGC, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Symantec, University of Oviedo, European Microsoft Innovation Center (EMIC), Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Technion - Israel Institute of Technology [Haifa], Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences (LMPG), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (LPMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Departments of Applied Physics [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Center for Mathematical Modeling (CMM), Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] (UEOH), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [New Delhi], Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GlaxoSmithKline, Imperial College London-Clinical Imaging Center, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Nanoscience Institute (NEST), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory Of Immune Cell Biology (LICB), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Human Genetics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Laboratorio Nacional de Computação Cientifica [Rio de Janeiro] (LNCC / MCT), Occupational Health Unit, Bologna University Hospital-Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), NICTA [Eveleigh], National ICT Australia [Sydney] (NICTA), Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University [Lund], University of Calgary, BioWare Corp, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques (IHPST), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Division [London], Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London]-King‘s College London, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physiology, Augusta University - Medical College of Georgia, University System of Georgia (USG)-University System of Georgia (USG), Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases-King‘s College London, Electronic Navigation Research Institute (ENRI), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Department of Computer Science [KAIST] (CS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Centre for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab, Siemens Corporate Research, Siemens AG [Munich], University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Hort Crops N Chi, Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOLTECH-ANJOU (MOLTECH-ANJOU), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH)-Universidad del Desarrollo, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble (ESPE Grenoble), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), King‘s College London-Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, Sichuan University, Universitat de Barcelona, Interne Geneeskunde, Medische Sociologie, MUMC+: MA Psychiatrie (3), MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Bretagne-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides ( LPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive ( LAPSCO ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches ( UR ETGR ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Hong Kong Baptist University ( HKBU ), Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] ( LMU ), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale ( NET ), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Insight Centre for Data Analytics (National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG)) ( INSIGHT ), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation ( APEMAC ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), University of Oslo ( UiO ) -University of Oslo ( UiO ), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas ( CEAZA ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux ( LIM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), Samsung Research &Development Institute India - Bangalore (Groupe Samsung) ( SRI-B ), Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] ( STFC ), Multimedia Research Center ( MRC ), University of Alberta [Edmonton], Division of Biostatistics ( Biostat - MINNEAPOLIS ), University of Minnesota [Minneapolis], University of Southampton [Southampton], Interactions, transferts, ruptures artistiques et culturels - EA 6301 ( InTRu ), Institut Jacques Monod ( IJM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University Medical Center Utrecht, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative ( BFA ), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute, Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires ( VIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), National University of Singapore ( NUS ), Centre de Robotique ( CAOR ), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University ( PSL ), Department of Signal Theory and Communications ( TSC ), RESPEC ( RESPEC ), Advanced Laboratories on Embedded Systems [Roma] ( ALES ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] ( UPC ), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique ( INRAP ), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (INRAP-Tunisie), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) ( FEMTO-ST ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques ( ENSMM ) -Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ), Tehran University, Sociétés, Acteurs, Gouvernement en Europe ( SAGE ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - AMU - IRD ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Washington State University ( WSU ), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon ( Phys-ENS ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ( ISCR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy ( CRAN ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Freie Universität Berlin [Berlin], Div Cyclotron & Radiopharmaceut Sci ( DRDO, INMAS ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Tata Research Development and Design Center ( TRDDC ), Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou [Angers] ( MOLTECH ANJOU ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Helsinki [Helsinki], Swedish Defense Research Agency ( FOI ), Servicio de Neurologia ( SANTIAGO - Neurologie ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ) -Universidad del Desarrollo, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp., East Hanover NJ 07936, USA, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering ( CAD Laboratory ), National Institutes of Health ( NIH ), Centre d'étude et de recherche en informatique et communications ( CEDRIC ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise ( ENSIIE ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] ( Heudiasyc ), Université de Technologie de Compiègne ( UTC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), College of Information and Electrical Engineering [Beijing] ( CIEE ), China Agricultural University ( CAU ), Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL ), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne ( CES ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Paris School of Economics ( PSE ), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble ( ESPE Grenoble ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), American University of Beirut [Beyrouth], The University of Sydney [Sydney], Département Optique ( OPT ), Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes ( L2S ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology ( CREAL ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Center for TeleInFrastruktur ( CTIF ), Aalborg University [Denmark] ( AAU ), Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 ( STL ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Indian Institute of Technology Madras ( IIT Madras ), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita ( UNESP ), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production ( LGI2P ), IMT - Mines Alès Ecole Mines - Télécom ( IMT - MINES ALES ), Institut geològic de Catalunya ( IGC ), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons ( LPGP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Politecnico di Milano [Milan], European Microsoft Innovation Center ( EMIC ), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences ( LMPG ), Université Le Havre Normandie ( ULH ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires ( LPMA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire ( IGBMC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Center for Mathematical Modeling ( CMM ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ( LSHTM ), University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] ( UEOH ), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi ( IIT Delhi ), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre ( IRPHE ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] ( UFPE ), Nanoscience Institute ( NEST ), Laboratory Of Immune Cell Biology ( LICB ), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability ( IES ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), Bonn Universität [Bonn], Laboratorio Nacional de Computação Cientifica [Rio de Janeiro] ( LNCC / MCT ), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] ( KTH ), National ICT Australia [Sydney] ( NICTA ), Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques ( IHPST ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia ( CHOP ), Univeristy of Pennsylvania Medical School, Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique ( GeM ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Medical College of Georgia, Electronic Navigation Research Institute ( ENRI ), Department of Computer Science [KAIST] ( CS ), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ( KAIST ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), University of Massachusetts [Boston] ( UMass Boston ), Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Alexander, Lily, Anderson, H. Ro, Bachman, Victoria F, Biryukov, Stan, Brauer, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Casey, Daniel, Coates, Matthew M, Cohen, Aaron, Delwiche, Kristen, Estep, Kara, Frostad, Joseph J, Kc, Astha, Kyu, Hmwe H, Moradi Lakeh, Maziar, Ng, Marie, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Thomas, Bernadette A, Wagner, Joseph, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Abbafati, Cristiana, Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu, Abd Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F, Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Biju, Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu Rmeileh, Niveen M. E, Aburto, Tania C, Achoki, Tom, Adelekan, Ademola, Adofo, Koranteng, Adou, Arsène K, Adsuar, José C, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E, Al Khabouri, Mazin J, Al Lami, Faris H, Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alegretti, Miguel A, Aleman, Alicia V, Alemu, Zewdie A, Alfonso Cristancho, Rafael, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Mohammed K, Alla, Françoi, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Peter J, Alsharif, Ubai, Alvarez, Elena, Alvis Guzman, Nelson, Amankwaa, Adansi A, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ameh, Emmanuel A, Ameli, Omid, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anderson, Benjamin O, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Cunningham, Solveig Argeseanu, Arnlöv, Johan, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asghar, Rana J, Assadi, Reza, Atkins, Lydia S, Atkinson, Charle, Avila, Marco A, Awuah, Baffour, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C, Bakfalouni, Talal, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Balalla, Shivanthi, Balu, Ravi Kumar, Banerjee, Amitava, Barber, Ryan M, Barker Collo, Suzanne L, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lar, Barrero, Lope H, Barrientos Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basto Abreu, Ana C, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Basulaiman, Mohammed O, Ruvalcaba, Carolina Bati, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L, Benjet, Corina, Bennett, Derrick A, Benzian, Habib, Bernabé, Eduardo, Beyene, Tariku J, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bikbov, Bori, Abdulhak, Aref A. Bin, Blore, Jed D, Blyth, Fiona M, Bohensky, Megan A, Başara, Berrak Bora, Borges, Guilherme, Bornstein, Natan M, Bose, Dipan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J, Brenner, Hermann, Briggs, Adam D. M, Broday, David M, Brooks, Peter M, Bruce, Nigel G, Brugha, Traolach S, Brunekreef, Bert, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bui, Linh N, Bukhman, Gene, Bulloch, Andrew G, Burch, Michael, Burney, Peter G. J, Campos Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano, Julio C, Cantoral, Alejandra J, Caravanos, Jack, Cárdenas, Rosario, Cardis, Elisabeth, Carpenter, David O, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben E, Catalá López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Çavlin, Alanur, Chadha, Vineet K, Chang, Jung Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Honglei, Chen, Wanqing, Chen, Zhengming, Chiang, Peggy P, Chimed Ochir, Odgerel, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christophi, Costas A, Chuang, Ting Wu, Chugh, Sumeet S, Cirillo, Massimo, Claßen, Thomas Kd, Colistro, Valentina, Colomar, Mercede, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Contreras, Alejandra G, Cooper, Cyru, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Cooper, Leslie T, Coresh, Josef, Courville, Karen J, Criqui, Michael H, Cuevas Nasu, Lucia, Damsere Derry, Jame, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Davis, Adrian, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Dayama, Anand, de Castro, E. Filipa, De la Cruz Góngora, Vanessa, De Leo, Diego, de Lima, Graça, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C. De, Dessalegn, Muluken, Deveber, Gabrielle A, Devries, Karen M, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dherani, Mukesh K, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E. Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Durrani, Adnan M, Ebel, Beth E, Ellenbogen, Richard G, Elshrek, Yousef M, Endres, Matthia, Ermakov, Sergey P, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Derek F. J, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad, Ferrari, Alize J, Ferri, Cleusa P, Flaxman, Abraham D, Fleming, Thomas D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Paleo, Urbano Fra, Franklin, Richard C, Gabbe, Belinda, Gaffikin, Lynne, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gankpé, Fortuné G, Gansevoort, Ron T, García Guerra, Francisco A, Gasana, Evariste, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gessner, Bradford D, Gething, Pete, Gibney, Katherine B, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim A. M, Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Goginashvili, Ketevan, Dantes, Hector Gomez, Gona, Philimon, de Cosio, Teresita Gonzalez, González Castell, Dinorah, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Guerrant, Richard L, Gugnani, Harish C, Guillemin, Franci, Gunnell, David, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Hafezi Nejad, Nima, Hagan, Holly, Hagstromer, Maria, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Haregu, Tilahun Nigatu, Haro, Josep Maria, Havmoeller, Rasmu, Hay, Simon I, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Heredia Pi, Ileana B, Hernandez, Lucia, Heuton, Kyle R, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hijar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hornberger, John C, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Howard, Huang, Cheng, Huang, John J, Hubbell, Bryan J, Huiart, Laetitia, Husseini, Abdullatif, Iannarone, Marissa L, Iburg, Kim M, Idrisov, Bulat T, Ikeda, Nayu, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Ismayilova, Samaya, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jansen, Henrica A, Jarvis, Deborah L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Jauregui, Alejandra, Jayaraman, Sudha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Fan, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jonas, Jost B, Juel, Knud, Kan, Haidong, Roseline, Sidibe S. Kany, Karam, Nadim E, Karch, André, Karema, Corine K, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S, Kemp, Andrew H, Kengne, Andre P, Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef S, Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan, Khan, Ejaz A, Khang, Young Ho, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Khonelidze, Irma, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yunjin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kinge, Jonas M, Kissela, Brett M, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kose, M. Rifat, Kosen, Soewarta, Kraemer, Alexander, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Kromhout, Han, Ku, Tiffany, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Lai, Taavi, Balaji, Arjun Lakshmana, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larson, Heidi J, Larsson, Ander, Laryea, Dennis O, Lavados, Pablo M, Lawrynowicz, Alicia E, Leasher, Janet L, Lee, Jong Tae, Leigh, Jame, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lindsay, M. Patrice, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Logroscino, Giancarlo, London, Stephanie J, Lopez, Nancy, Lortet Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Ma, Jixiang, Ma, Stefan, Machado, Vasco M. P, Macintyre, Michael F, Magis Rodriguez, Carlo, Mahdi, Abbas A, Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mangalam, Srikanth, Mapoma, Christopher C, Marape, Marape, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David J, Margono, Christopher, Marks, Guy B, Martin, Randall V, Marzan, Melvin B, Mashal, Mohammad T, Masiye, Felix, Mason Jones, Amanda J, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mazorodze, Tasara T, Mckay, Abigail C, Mckee, Martin, Mclain, Abigail, Meaney, Peter A, Medina, Catalina, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mejia Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Wubegzier, Melaku, Yohannes A, Meltzer, Michele, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Santosh, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan A, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen L, Monasta, Lorenzo, Hernandez, Julio C. Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Moore, Ami R, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Moschandreas, Joanna, Moturi, Wilkister N, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mukaigawara, Mitsuru, Mullany, Erin C, Murthy, Kinnari S, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nahas, Ziad, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Narayan, Km Venkat, Nash, Deni, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Neupane, Sudan P, Newton, Charles R, Ngalesoni, Frida N, de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Nhung T, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J, Nisar, Muhammad I, Nogueira, José R, Nolla, Joan M, Nolte, Sandra, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Rosana E, Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Oh, In Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olusanya, Bolajoko O, Omer, Saad B, Opio, John Nelson, Orozco, Ricardo, Pagcatipunan, Rodolfo S, Pain, Amanda W, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Panelo, Carlo Irwin A, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun Kee, Parry, Charles D, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B, Paul, Vinod K, Pavlin, Boris I, Pearce, Neil, Pedraza, Lilia S, Pedroza, Andrea, Stokic, Ljiljana Pejin, Pekericli, Ayfer, Pereira, David M, Perez Padilla, Rogelio, Perez Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Perry, Samuel A. L, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie B, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Phua, Hwee Pin, Plass, Dietrich, Poenaru, Dan, Polanczyk, Guilherme V, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D, Pope, C. Arden, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Pourmalek, Farshad, Powles, John, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M, Qato, Dima M, Quezada, Amado D, Quistberg, D. Alex A, Racapé, Lionel, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Raju, Murugesan, Rakovac, Ivo, Rana, Saleem M, Rao, Mayuree, Razavi, Homie, Reddy, K. Srinath, Refaat, Amany H, Rehm, Jürgen, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Riccio, Patricia M, Richardson, Lee, Riederer, Anne, Robinson, Margaret, Roca, Anna, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas Rueda, David, Romieu, Isabelle, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George M, Rushton, Lesley, Sabin, Nsanzimana, Sacco, Ralph L, Saha, Sukanta, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvo, Deborah, Sampson, Uchechukwu K, Sanabria, Juan R, Sanchez, Luz Maria, Sánchez Pimienta, Tania G, Sanchez Riera, Lidia, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S, Sapkota, Amir, Satpathy, Maheswar, Saunders, James E, Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete I, Scarborough, Peter, Schmidt, Jürgen C, Schneider, Ione J. C, Schöttker, Ben, Schwebel, David C, Scott, James G, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serdar, Berrin, Servan Mori, Edson E, Shaddick, Gavin, Shahraz, Saeid, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Shangguan, Siyi, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Hwashin H, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga D, Silberberg, Donald H, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Stephens, Natalie, Stöckl, Heidi, Straif, Kurt, Stroumpoulis, Konstantino, Sturua, Lela, Sunguya, Bruno F, Swaminathan, Soumya, Swaroop, Mamta, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabb, Karen M, Takahashi, Ken, Talongwa, Roberto T, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tanner, Marcel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Te Ao, Braden J, Teixeira, Carolina M, Téllez Rojo, Martha M, Terkawi, Abdullah S, Texcalac Sangrador, José Lui, Thackway, Sarah V, Thomson, Blake, Thorne Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobollik, Myriam, Tonelli, Marcello, Topouzis, Foti, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Toyoshima, Hideaki, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach X, Trasande, Leonardo, Trillini, Matia, Trujillo, Ulise, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadi, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Uzun, Selen B, van de Vijver, Steven, Van Dingenen, Rita, van Gool, Coen H, van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y, Vasankari, Tommi J, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria N, Vavilala, Monica S, Veerman, Lennert J, Velasquez Melendez, Gustavo, Venketasubramanian, N, Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Villalpando, Salvador, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Waller, Stephen G, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wan, Xia, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Jianli, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Wenzhi, Wang, Yanping, Warouw, Tati S, Watts, Charlotte H, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Werdecker, Andrea, Wessells, K. Ryan, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Williams, Hywel C, Williams, Thomas N, Woldeyohannes, Solomon M, Wolfe, Charles D. A, Wong, John Q, Woolf, Anthony D, Wright, Jonathan L, Wurtz, Brittany, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L, Yang, Gonghuan, Yano, Yuichiro, Ye, Pengpeng, Yenesew, Muluken, Yentür, Gökalp K, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younoussi, Zourkaleini, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa E, Zhao, Yong, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zhu, Shankuan, Zou, Xiaonong, Zunt, Joseph R, Lopez, Alan D, Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J., Cell biology, Epidemiology, Neurosciences, Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Public Health, General practice, Bachman, Victoria F., Coates, Matthew M., Frostad, Joseph J., Astha, K.C., Kyu, Hmwe H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Thomas, Bernadette A., Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Ayse, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F., Puthenpurakal Abraham, Jerry, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E., Aburto, Tania C., Adou, Arsène K., Adsuar, José C., Agardh, Emilie E., Al Khabouri, Mazin J., Al Lami, Faris H., Albittar, Mohammed I., Alegretti, Miguel A., Aleman, Alicia V., Alemu, Zewdie A., Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael, Ali, Mohammed K., Allen, Peter J., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amankwaa, Adansi A., Amare, Azmeraw T., Ameh, Emmanuel A., Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Argeseanu Cunningham, Solveig, Arsic Arsenijevic, Valentina S., Asghar, Rana J., Atkins, Lydia S., Avila, Marco A., Bahit, Maria C., Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barrero, Lope H., Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basto-Abreu, Ana C., Basulaiman, Mohammed O., Batis Ruvalcaba, Carolina, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Beyene, Tariku J., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Blore, Jed D., Blyth, Fiona M., Bohensky, Megan A., Bora Başara, Berrak, Bornstein, Natan M., Bourne, Rupert R., Breitborde, Nicholas J., Briggs, Adam D.M., Broday, David M., Brooks, Peter M., Bruce, Nigel G., Brugha, Traolach S., Bui, Linh N., Bulloch, Andrew G., Burney, Peter G.J., Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Campuzano, Julio C., Cantoral, Alejandra J., Carpenter, David O., Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben E., Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chadha, Vineet K., Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Chiang, Peggy P., Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Christophi, Costas A., Chuang, Ting-Wu, Chugh, Sumeet S., Claßen, Thomas K.D., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Contreras, Alejandra G., Cooper, Leslie T., Courville, Karen J., Criqui, Michael H., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Damsere-Derry, Jame, Dargan, Paul I., Davitoiu, Dragos V., De Castro, E. Filipa, De La Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, De Lima, Graça, Del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Des Jarlais, Don C., Deveber, Gabrielle A., Devries, Karen M., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dherani, Mukesh K., Ding, Eric L., Driscoll, Tim R., Durrani, Adnan M., Ebel, Beth E., Ellenbogen, Richard G., Elshrek, Yousef M., Ermakov, Sergey P., Erskine, Holly E., Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fay, Derek F.J., Feigin, Valery L., Feigl, Andrea B., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferri, Cleusa P., Flaxman, Abraham D., Fleming, Thomas D., Foreman, Kyle J., Fra Paleo, Urbano, Franklin, Richard C., Gankpé, Fortuné G., Gansevoort, Ron T., García-Guerra, Francisco A., Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim A.M., Gomez Dantes, Hector, Gonzalez De Cosio, Teresita, González-Castell, Dinorah, Gotay, Carolyn C., Gouda, Hebe N., Guerrant, Richard L., Gugnani, Harish C., Gutiérrez, Reyna A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah R., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Hay, Simon I., Hedayati, Mohammad T., Heredia-Pi, Ileana B., Heuton, Kyle R., Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Hornberger, John C., Hosgood, H., Hoy, Damian G., Huang, John J., Hubbell, Bryan J., Iannarone, Marissa L., Iburg, Kim M., Idrisov, Bulat T., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jansen, Henrica A., Jarvis, Deborah L., Jassal, Simerjot K., Jensen, Paul N., Jonas, Jost B., Kany Roseline, Sidibe S., Karam, Nadim E., Karema, Corine K., Kazi, Dhruv S., Kemp, Andrew H., Kengne, Andre P., Khader, Yousef S., Ali Hassan Khalifa, Shams Eldin, Khan, Ejaz A., Khang, Young-Ho, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinge, Jonas M., Kissela, Brett M., Knibbs, Luke D., Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulkarni, Veena S., Kwan, Gene F., Lakshmana Balaji, Arjun, Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Heidi J., Laryea, Dennis O., Lavados, Pablo M., Lawrynowicz, Alicia E., Leasher, Janet L., Lee, Jong-Tae, Lim, Stephen S., Lipshultz, Steven E., Lloyd, Belinda K., London, Stephanie J., Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A., Machado, Vasco M.P., Macintyre, Michael F., Magis-Rodriguez, Carlo, Mahdi, Abbas A., Mapoma, Christopher C., Margolis, David J., Marks, Guy B., Martin, Randall V., Marzan, Melvin B., Mashal, Mohammad T., Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Mayosi, Bongani M., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Mckay, Abigail C., Meaney, Peter A., Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Melaku, Yohannes A., Memish, Ziad A., Mensah, George A., Apolinary Mhimbira, Franci, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah, Mohammad, Karzan A., Mokdad, Ali H., Mola, Glen L., Montañez Hernandez, Julio C., Moore, Ami R., Moturi, Wilkister N., Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin C., Murthy, Kinnari S., Naidoo, Kovin S., Narayan, K.M. Venkat, Neupane, Sudan P., Newton, Charles R., Ngalesoni, Frida N., Ngirabega, Jean De Dieu, Nguyen, Nhung T., Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Nisar, Muhammad I., Nogueira, José R., Nolla, Joan M., Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Oh, In-Hwan, Olusanya, Bolajoko O., Omer, Saad B., Pagcatipunan, Rodolfo S., Pain, Amanda W., Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Panelo, Carlo Irwin A., Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Paternina Caicedo, Angel J., Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pavlin, Boris I., Pedraza, Lilia S., Pejin Stokic, Ljiljana, Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perry, Samuel A.L., Phillips, Michael R., Polanczyk, Guilherme V., Pond, Constance D., Prasad, Noela M., Qato, Dima M., Quezada, Amado D., Quistberg, D. Alex A., Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Ur Rahman, Sajjad, Rana, Saleem M., Refaat, Amany H., Ribeiro, Antonio L., Riccio, Patricia M., Rojas-Rueda, David, Ruhago, George M., Sacco, Ralph L., Salomon, Joshua A., Sampson, Uchechukwu K., Sanabria, Juan R., Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sanchez-Riera, Lidia, Santos, Itamar S., Saunders, James E., Saylan, Mete I., Schmidt, Jürgen C., Schneider, Ione J.C., Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shin, Hwashin H., Sigfusdottir, Inga D., Silberberg, Donald H., Simard, Edgar P., Singh, Gitanjali M., Singh, Jasvinder A., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stapelberg, Nicolas J.C., Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Sunguya, Bruno F., Sykes, Bryan L., Tabb, Karen M., Talongwa, Roberto T., Te Ao, Braden J., Teixeira, Carolina M., Téllez Rojo, Martha M., Terkawi, Abdullah S., Texcalac-Sangrador, José Lui, Thackway, Sarah V., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Towbin, Jeffrey A., Tran, Bach X., Tsala Dimbuene, Zacharie, Uchendu, Uche S., Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Uzun, Selen B., Van De Vijver, Steven, Van Gool, Coen H., Van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi J., Vasconcelos, Ana Maria N., Vavilala, Monica S., Veerman, Lennert J., Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, Francesco S., Victorovich Vlassov, Vasiliy, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wallin, Mitchell T., Warouw, Tati S., Watts, Charlotte H., Weintraub, Robert G., Whiteford, Harvey A., Wilkinson, James D., Williams, Hywel C., Williams, Thomas N., Woldeyohannes, Solomon M., Wolfe, Charles D.A., Wong, John Q., Woolf, Anthony D., Wright, Jonathan L., Yan, Lijing L., Yentür, Gökalp K., Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zaki, Maysaa E., Zunt, Joseph R., Lopez, Alan D., and Temesgen, A.M.

Subjects
Male, Fine particulate matter, Nutrition and Disease, MESH : Sanitation, Health Behavior, Diseases, MESH: Metabolic Diseases, MESH: Global Health, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Risk Assessment, Global Health, MESH : Nutritional Status, MESH: Occupational Exposure, 0302 clinical medicine, Unsafe Sex, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Voeding en Ziekte, Medicine, Air-pollution, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH : Risk Assessment, Sanitation, Wasting, 2. Zero hunger, Factors de risc en les malalties, Medicine (all), [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, MESH : Occupational Diseases, MESH: Nutritional Status, All-cause mortality, MESH : Risk Factors, humanities, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Nutritional Status, Occupational Diseases, Occupational Exposure, Risk Assessment, Tobacco smoking, 3. Good health, Nutritional Statu, MESH : Occupational Exposure, MESH : Metabolic Diseases, Cohort, medicine.symptom, Risk assessment, Blood-pressure, Human, MESH: Occupational Diseases, Risk factors in diseases, Coronary-heart-disease, MESH : Male, MESH: Health Behavior, MESH: Environmental Exposure, Population health, Body-mass index, 03 medical and health sciences, Household cooking, Cardiovascular-disease, Environmental health, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Life Science, MESH: Sanitation, Risk factor, MESH : Health Behavior, VLAG, GBD2013, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Risk Factor, Global Burden of Disease Study, 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks, Long-term exposure, MESH : Humans, CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, MESH: Male, Metabolic Disease, Occupational Disease, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, MALE BRITISH DOCTORS, Years of potential life lost, Relative risk, Malalties, MESH : Global Health, OUTDOOR AIR-POLLUTION, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH : Environmental Exposure, MESH: Female
Abstract

Summary Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian metaregression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8–58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1–43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5−89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. Interpretation Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the fi rst of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantifi cation, particularly of modifi able risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the fi rst level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular fi ltration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian metaregression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8–58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1–43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5−89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. Interpretation Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Evaluation of best price clauses in online hotel bookings

Author

Reinhold Kesler, Frank Schlütter, Matthias Hunold, Ulrich Laitenberger, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Télécom ParisTech, Economie Gestion (ECOGE), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Zurich, Hunold, Matthias, École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, 1410 Industrial Relations, business.industry, Strategy and Management, 05 social sciences, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), 2002 Economics and Econometrics, 2001 Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 330 Economics, 10004 Department of Business Administration, Vertical restraints, 2202 Aerospace Engineering, 0502 economics and business, Industrial relations, 1408 Strategy and Management, 050211 marketing, 050207 economics, 2209 Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Telecommunications, business, Publication, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Communication channel
Abstract

We analyze the best price clauses (BPCs) of online travel agents (OTAs) using meta-search price data of nearly 30,000 hotels in different countries. We find that BPCs influence the pricing and availability of hotel rooms across online sales channels. In particular, hotels publish their offers more often at Booking.com when the OTA does not use the narrow BPC, and also tend to promote the direct online channel more actively. Moreover, the abolition of Booking.com’s narrow BPC is associated with the direct channel of chain hotels having the strictly lowest price more often.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Flexibility in the market for international carbon credits and price dynamics difference with European allowances

Author

Claire Gavard, Djamel Kirat, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [UMR7322] (LEO), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [FRE2014] (LEO), Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans (LEO), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity, 020209 energy, Risk premium, European Allowances International Credits, Emissions Trading, Power Sector, Time Series Analysis, 02 engineering and technology, Monetary economics, Power sector, 7. Clean energy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Microeconomics, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, jel:Q48, media_common.cataloged_instance, Time series, 050207 economics, European union, Carbon credit, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Price elasticity of demand, Cointegration, 05 social sciences, Carbon offset, jel:C32, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, jel:C58, General Energy, 13. Climate action, jel:Q54, Carbon market, Greenhouse gas, 8. Economic growth, jel:Q58, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Emissions trading, European allowances International credits Emissions trading Power sector Structural breaks Time series analysis, Volatility (finance)
Abstract

International audience; The Paris Agreement establishes a mechanism which allows a Party to benefit from greenhouse gas emissions reductions conducted in a host Party to fulfil its nationally determined contribution. In this context, the objective of this paper is to improve the understanding of carbon offset price dynamics in comparison with regular carbon market allowances. We combine a cointegration approach with risk premium considerations to compare the price dynamics of European Union Allowances (EUA) and Certified Emission Reductions (CER) in the second phase of the European carbon market. By taking account of breaks identified in the series, we find that, while the EUA and CER returns present comparable dynamics mainly driven by fuel switching, the long-term relationships between the price of these two types of permits and their drivers differ significantly. Whereas the price of EUA is well explained by a demand effect, the impact of energy prices on the CER price suggests the existence of a supply-side effect for credits. We find that the price elasticity of allowances with regard to the coal and gas prices is negative in time periods of low economic activity and positive during the remaining time. We explain the former with the fact that the market is not tight and the latter with the effect of the economic activity on the price of commodities and energy.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Voting and Contributing While the Group is Watching

Author

Henry, Emeric, Louis-Sidois, Charles, Département d'économie (Sciences Po) (ECON), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), CEPR, and Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]

Subjects
JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior, Image concern, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H4 - Publicly Provided Goods/H.H4.H41 - Public Goods, Voting, Public good, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D2 - Production and Organizations/D.D2.D23 - Organizational Behavior • Transaction Costs • Property Rights, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D71 - Social Choice • Clubs • Committees • Associations, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract

Members of groups and organizations often have to decide on rules that regulate their contributions to common tasks. They typically differ in their propensity to contribute and often care about the image they project: in particular, they want to be perceived by other group members as being high contributors. In such environments we study, from both a positive and normative perspective, the interaction between the way members vote on rules and their subsequent contribution decisions. We show how endogenous norms can emerge. We study in particular the role played by the visibility of individual actions, votes or contributions. While making votes visible always increases welfare in our setting, making contributions public can be welfare decreasing as it makes some rules more likely to be rejected.

Published
2018

37. Tobii or not Tobii? Assessing the validity of eye tracking data: Challenges and solutions

Author

Vincent, Coralie, Soroli, Efstathia, Engemann, Helen, Hendriks, Henriëtte, Hickmann, Maya, Structures Formelles du Langage (SFL), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Lumières (UPL), Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 (STL), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Mannheim, Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Daniel Barratt, Raymond Bertram, Marcus Nyström, Langacross 2, ANR-10-FRAL-0008,Langacross_2,Structure de l'énoncé en contexte : langage et cognition au cours de l'acquisition - perspective translinguistique(2010), and Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]

Subjects
Motion events, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Data quality, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Cross-linguistic variation, Eye-tracking, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Eye tracking (ET) methods become more and more popular in psycholinguistic research because they offer the possibility to record visual processing in real time, allowing for the study of the relation between cognition and language, two systems often considered independent (Pinker, 1994). In order to evaluate the impact of specific language properties on on-line visual processing we coupled a production task with an ET paradigm. 473 native speakers of two typologically different languages (234 English and 239 French) within three age groups (142 7-year-old children, 155 10-year-old children, and 176 adults) were tested in a production task involving 36 dynamic motion scenes (videos), that first had to be visually explored and then verbally described (e.g. “a man running up a hill”). With respect to the ET data, which is the main focus of the present paper, and in order to properly compare the gaze patterns of the groups, a thorough validity check (pre-processing and quality assessment) was necessary. Indeed, validity is an issue that is almost never addressed in psycholinguistic research, even though an increasing number of researchers report it as one of the main sources of methodological bias (Holmqvist et al., 2011). Apart from the fact that a recording may include segments that are irrelevant for the analysis (e.g., eye-blinks, off-screen fixations), it has been found that low quality data may misleadingly point to group differences in gaze behavior, for instance between adults and children (Wass et al., 2014). More specifically, low precision due to incorrect gaze detection may “flatten out” the gaze distribution across different areas of interest (AOI) or across groups, while low robustness (i.e. resulting from missing or fragmented data) can make visit durations seem shorter than they actually are, and thus bias interpretation of results. The present paper compares results obtained with a turnkey solution (namely Tobii Studio) to results obtained with in-house developed algorithms that: (a) carefully discard irrelevant parts of the recording; (b) exclude gaze initiation latencies; (c) detect and compensate for spatial inaccuracies of the ET data. The findings show that turnkey solutions may be only relevant for some designs (i.e. more appropriate for static/picture material). However, design-adapted validity checks (pre-processing the recordings and quality assessment) as well as target-related compensations of inaccuracies, as proposed in this paper, are crucial and should be common practice for researchers who wish to compare gaze patterns or to evaluate group differences objectively. Challenges related to typical ET measures, such as gaze proportions to different dynamic AOI and visit durations are also discussed as they seem to be sensitive and subject to change due to validity-related factors.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Bile Microinfarcts in Cholestasis Are Initiated by Rupture of the Apical Hepatocyte Membrane and Cause Shunting of Bile to Sinusoidal Blood

Author

Aya A. Abbas, Alan F. Hofmann, Reham Hassan, Ute Hofmann, Selahaddin Sezgin, Peter L.M. Jansen, Patricio Godoy, Nachiket Vartak, Frank Lammert, Steven Dooley, Jan G. Hengstler, Dirk Drasdo, Kai Markus Schneider, Christian Trautwein, Yasser A. Ahmed, Michael Spiteller, Raymond Reif, Lars Kuepfer, Verena Keitel, Georgia Guenther, Ahmed Ghallab, A Zaza, Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology [Qena], Faculty of Veterinary Medicine [Qena], South Valley University [Qena]-South Valley University [Qena], Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology [Stuttgart], Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors [Dortmund] (IFADO), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), South Valley University [Qena], Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Computational Systems Biology [Leverkusen], Bayer Technology Services [Leverkusen], Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Saarland University [Saarbrücken], Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications (MAMBA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Maastricht University [Maastricht], RS: FSE MaCSBio, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, RS: FHML MaCSBio, RS: FPN MaCSBio, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf [Düsseldorf], Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Universität Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen - University Hospital Aachen [Aachen, Germany] (UKA), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Necrosis, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, mice, injury, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bone canaliculus, digestive system, Nephropathy, Bile Acids and Salts, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cholestasis, INFLAMMATION, medicine, Animals, Mice, Knockout, Kidney, Hepatology, cholemic nephropathy, RAT HEPATOCYTES, Chemistry, Bile Canaliculi, Optical Imaging, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, ACIDS, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, TRANSPORT, 3. Good health, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biliary tract, Hepatocyte, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Hepatocytes, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.symptom, Immunostaining
Abstract

International audience; Bile duct ligation (BDL) is an experimental procedure that mimics obstructive cholestatic disease. One of the early consequences of BDL in rodents is the appearance of so-called bile infarcts that correspond to Charcot-Gombault necrosis in human cholestasis. The mechanisms causing bile infarcts and their pathophysiological relevance are unclear. Therefore, intravital two photon-based imaging of BDL mice was performed with fluorescent bile salts (BS) and non-BS organic anion analogues. Key findings were followed up by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging, clinical chemistry, immunostaining, and gene expression analyses. In the acute phase, 1-3 days after BDL, BS concentrations in bile increased and single-cell bile microinfarcts occurred in dispersed hepatocytes throughout the liver caused by the rupture of the apical hepatocyte membrane. This rupture occurred after loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, followed by entry of bile, cell death, and a "domino effect" of further death events of neighboring hepatocytes. Bile infarcts provided a trans-epithelial shunt between bile canaliculi and sinusoids by which bile constituents leaked into blood. In the chronic phase, ≥21 days after BDL, uptake of BS tracers at the sinusoidal hepatocyte membrane was reduced. This contributes to elevated concentrations of BS in blood and decreased concentrations in the biliary tract. Conclusion: Bile microinfarcts occur in the acute phase after BDL in a limited number of dispersed hepatocytes followed by larger infarcts involving neighboring hepatocytes, and they allow leakage of bile from the BS-overloaded biliary tract into blood, thereby protecting the liver from BS toxicity; in the chronic phase after BDL, reduced sinusoidal BS uptake is a dominant protective factor, and the kidney contributes to the elimination of BS until cholemic nephropathy sets in. (Hepatology 2019;69:666-683). SEE EDITORIAL ON PAGE 473 R ecently, the concept of an ascending patho-physiology of cholestatic liver disease has been proposed, whereby lesions start in large or small bile ducts followed by the involvement of upstream structures, such as the bile canalicular network and liver parenchyma. (1) Our knowledge of the responses of the biliary tree to cholestasis stems mainly from studies in rodents after bile duct ligation

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Electricity market integration and the impact of unilateral policy reforms

Author

Kai Hüschelrath, Sven Heim, Michael Waterson, Luigi Grossi, Centre d'économie industrielle i3 (CERNA i3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), and Universität Mannheim [Mannheim]

Subjects
Market integration, HD, Economics and Econometrics, 020209 energy, Context (language use), Harmonization, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Energy policy, Nuclear Phase-out, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Government Policy, Electricity market, 050207 economics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Public economics, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Electricity Markets, International Trade, International economics, Renewables, Nuclear power, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Renewable energy, Market Integration, 13. Climate action, Electricity, business
Abstract

The harmonization and integration of separate national energy markets to an interconnected internal European market is a top priority of the European Commission. However, as energy policy largely remains subject to national sovereignty, a higher degree of integration can cause unilateral national policies to harm interconnected markets. We investigate the impact of two distinct national reforms in Germany – the phase-out of nuclear power plants after the Fukushima incident and the expansion of renewables promoted by fixed feed-in tariffs and unlimited priority feed-in – on neighbouring countries. We find that the phase-out triggered price increases of up to 19 percent in neighbouring countries whilst the renewable energy support schemes caused a price decrease of up to 0.17 percent for each percent of additional generation from German renewables. We also apply a novel approach to estimate the degree of market integration and find large differences between neighbouring countries in a range from 14 percent to 99 percent. Our findings point up the need for increased efforts to harmonize national energy policies, but also the need to consider the impact of unilateral environmental measures on other countries` supplies in the context of a partially integrated and partly unilateral system.

Published
2018

40. SPARQL Query Containment under Schema

Author

Jérôme Euzenat, Nabil Layaïda, Pierre Genevès, Melisachew Wudage Chekol, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Evolution de la connaissance (MOEX ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Types and Reasoning for the Web (TYREX), ANR-16-CE25-0010,CLEAR,Compilation de langages intermédiaires en exécutables efficaces pour le big data(2016), Evolution de la connaissance ( MOEX ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble ( LIG ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Types and Reasoning for the Web ( TYREX ), ANR : CLEAR,ANR Project CLEAR (ANR-16-CE25-0010), and Universität Mannheim

Subjects
Theoretical computer science, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, [ INFO.INFO-WB ] Computer Science [cs]/Web, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Query optimization, 01 natural sciences, Description logic, Artificial Intelligence, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, SPARQL, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web, Modal logic, InformationSystems_DATABASEMANAGEMENT, computer.file_format, Decidability, Schema (genetic algorithms), [ INFO.INFO-DB ] Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Transition system, Automata theory, computer, Information Systems
Abstract

Query containment is defined as the problem of determining if the result of a query is included in the result of another query for any dataset. It has major applications in query optimization and knowledge base verification. To date, testing query containment has been performed using different techniques: containment mapping, canonical databases, automata theory techniques and through a reduction to the validity problem in logic. Here, we use the latter technique to test containment of SPARQL queries using an expressive modal logic called $$\mu $$ -calculus. For that purpose, we define an RDF graph encoding as a transition system which preserves its characteristics. In addition, queries and schema axioms are encoded as $$\mu $$ -calculus formulae. Thereby, query containment can be reduced to testing validity in the logic. We identify various fragments of SPARQL and description logic schema languages for which containment is decidable. Additionally, we provide theoretically and experimentally proven procedures to check containment of these decidable fragments. Finally, we propose a benchmark for containment solvers which is used to test and compare the current state-of-the-art containment solvers.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. An Interoperable Notification Service for Pervasive Computing

Author

Martin Pfannemueller, Philippe Lalanda, Felix Maximilian Roth, Christian Becker, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Environnements et outils pour le Génie Logiciel Industriel (ADELE), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
020203 distributed computing, Service (systems architecture), Ubiquitous computing, Scope (project management), Event (computing), Computer science, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Interoperability, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], computer.software_genre, Computer security, Electronic mail, Data modeling, [INFO.INFO-IU]Computer Science [cs]/Ubiquitous Computing, Middleware (distributed applications), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, computer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Communication between devices is the foundation for pervasive computing. Generally, only devices running on the same middleware platform can communicate with each other. This problem is tackled by interoperability solutions for pervasive computing systems. However, proposed solutions neglect interoperability for event notifications, so far. Thus, in this work, we propose an interoperable notification service enabling cross-platform notifications. Our approach translates between notification scope types and integrates also platforms that do not offer notifications. The proof of concept implementation shows that using our notification service, different middleware platforms with and without support for notifications can notify and subscribe to each other.

Published
2018

42. Rent sharing to control noncartel supply in the German cement market

Author

Joseph E. Harrington, Kai Hüschelrath, Ulrich Laitenberger, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Télécom ParisTech, Economie Gestion (ECOGE), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Invoice, 060106 history of social sciences, Strategy and Management, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Economic rent, Cartel, 06 humanities and the arts, Monetary economics, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, General Business, Management and Accounting, Eastern european, Intermediary, Order (exchange), Management of Technology and Innovation, 0502 economics and business, Collusion, 0601 history and archaeology, Business, 050207 economics, Database transaction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract

A challenge for many cartels is avoiding a destabilizing increase in non-cartel supply in response to having raised price. In the case of the German cement cartel that operated over 1991-2002, the primary source of non-cartel supply was imports from Eastern European cement manufacturers. Industry sources have claimed that the cartel sought to control imports by sharing rents with intermediaries in order to discourage them from sourcing foreign supply. Specifically, cartel members would allow an intermediary to issue the invoice for a transaction and charge a fee even though the output went directly from the cartel member’s plant to the customer. We investigate this claim by first developing a theory of collusive pricing that takes account of the option of bribing intermediaries. The theory predicts that the cement cartel members are more likely to share rents with an intermediary when the nearest Eastern European plant is closer and there is more Eastern European capacity outside of the control of the cartel. Estimating a logit model that predicts when a cartel member sells through an intermediary, the empirical analysis supports both predictions.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Settlements and Appeals in the European Commission’s Cartel Cases: An Empirical Assessment

Author

Kai Hüschelrath, Ulrich Laitenberger, Michael Hellwig, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Télécom ParisTech, Economie Gestion (ECOGE), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
Estimation, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Economics and Econometrics, Strategy and Management, 05 social sciences, Appeal, Cartel, 16. Peace & justice, 0506 political science, Empirical assessment, Management of Technology and Innovation, Human settlement, 0502 economics and business, 050602 political science & public administration, media_common.cataloged_instance, European commission, Business, 050207 economics, European union, Settlement (litigation), [QFIN.TR]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Trading and Market Microstructure [q-fin.TR], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Law and economics
Abstract

The introduction of the European Union (EU) Settlement Procedure in 2008 aimed at promoting the procedural efficiency of cartel investigations by the European Commission (EC). We use a data set consisting of 579 firms groups convicted by the EC for cartelization from 2000 to 2015 to investigate the impact of the settlement procedure on the probability to file an appeal. Based on the estimation of a model of the firm’s decision to appeal in the presettlement era, we subsequently run out-of-sample predictions to estimate the number of hypothetical appeals cases in the settlement era absent the settlement procedure. Our findings of a settlement-induced reduction in the number of appeals of up to 55 percent allow the conclusion that the introduction of the settlement procedure generated substantial additional benefits to society beyond its undisputed key contribution of a faster and more efficient handling of cartel investigations by the EC.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. A novel transforming growth factor beta-induced long noncoding RNA promotes an inflammatory microenvironment in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Author

Merdrignac, Aude, Angenard, Gaëlle, Allain, Coralie, Petitjean, Kilian, Bergeat, Damien, Bellaud, Pascale, Fautrel, Allain, Turlin, Bruno, Clément, Bruno, Dooley, Steven, Sulpice, Laurent, Boudjema, Karim, Coulouarn, Cédric, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, DO373/13‐1, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Institut National Du Cancer, Association Française pour l'Etude du Foie, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Rennes 1, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Universität Mannheim

Subjects
tgf-beta, diagnosis, pathogenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], expression, circular rna, Original Article, Original Articles, progression, migration, invasion, management
Abstract

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a deadly liver primary cancer associated with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic opportunities. Active transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling is a hallmark of the iCCA microenvironment. However, the impact of TGFβ on the transcriptome of iCCA tumor cells has been poorly investigated. Here, we have identified a specific TGFβ signature of genes commonly deregulated in iCCA cell lines, namely HuCCT1 and Huh28. Novel coding and noncoding TGFβ targets were identified, including a TGFβ‐induced long noncoding RNA (TLINC), formerly known as cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15). TLINC is a general target induced by TGFβ in hepatic and nonhepatic cell types. In iCCA cell lines, the expression of a long and short TLINC isoform was associated with an epithelial or mesenchymal phenotype, respectively. Both isoforms were detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The long isoform of TLINC was associated with a migratory phenotype in iCCA cell lines and with the induction of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 8, both in vitro and in resected human iCCA. TLINC was also identified as a tumor marker expressed in both epithelial and stroma cells. In nontumor livers, TLINC was only expressed in specific portal areas with signs of ductular reaction and inflammation. Finally, we provide experimental evidence of circular isoforms of TLINC, both in iCCA cells treated with TGFβ and in resected human iCCA. Conclusion: We identify a novel TGFβ‐induced long noncoding RNA up‐regulated in human iCCA and associated with an inflammatory microenvironment. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:254‐269)

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Managing Competition on a Two-Sided Platform

Author

Belleflamme, Paul, Peitz, Martin, Lai Tong, Charles, Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Economics and MaCCI, University of Mannheim, Center for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), CEPR, Center for Economic Studies and Ifo for Economic Research (CESifo), CESifo Group Munich, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], and UCL - SSH/LIDAM/CORE - Center for operations research and econometrics

Subjects
intermediation, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance/L.L1.L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets, ACL-1, TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design/D.D4.D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection, pricing, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY, platform competition, imperfect competition, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L8 - Industry Studies: Services/L.L8.L86 - Information and Internet Services • Computer Software, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, network effects, two-sided markets
Abstract

International audience; On many two-sided platforms, users on one side not only care about user participation and usage levels on the other side, but they also care about participation and usage of fellow users on the same side. Most prominent is the degree of seller competition on a platform catering to buyers and sellers. In this paper, we address how seller competition affects platform pricing, product variety, and the number of platforms that carry trade.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Proximal operator of quotient functions with application to a feasibility problem in query optimization

Author

Martin Montag, Gabriele Steidl, Audrey Repetti, Guido Moerkotte, Database Research Group [Mannheim], Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], University of Kaiserslautern [Kaiserslautern], Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge (LIGM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Bézout-ESIEE Paris-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), and Publica

Subjects
Discrete mathematics, Shrinkage function, Applied Mathematics, Regular polygon, Of the form, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, 02 engineering and technology, First order, Query optimization, 01 natural sciences, Combinatorics, Computational Mathematics, Norm (mathematics), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], 0101 mathematics, Reciprocal, Quotient, Mathematics
Abstract

International audience; In this paper we determine the proximity functions of the sum and the maximum of componentwise (reciprocal) quotients of positive vectors. For the sum of quotients, denoted by $Q_1$, the proximity function is just a componentwise shrinkage function which we call q-shrinkage. This is similar to the proximity function of the ℓ1-norm which is given by componentwise soft shrinkage. For the maximum of quotients $Q_∞$, the proximal function can be computed by first order primal dual methods involving epigraphical projections. The proximity functions of $Q_ν$ , $ν = 1,∞$ are applied to solve convex problems of the form $argmin_x Q _ν ( Ax/b )$ subject to $x ≥ 0$, $1^\top x ≤ 1$. Such problems are of interest in selectivity estimation for cost-based query optimizers in database management systems.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. La taille des classes influence-t-elle la réussite scolaire ?

Author

Bouguen, Adrien, Grenet, Julien, Gurgand, Marc, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Institut des politiques publiques (IPP), Paris School of Economics (PSE), Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Taille des classes, Class size effects
Abstract

International audience; This policy brief presents the results of the most methodologically robust studies that estimate the impact of a reduction in class size on the student achievement and longerrun outcomes. Contrary to an idea that persisted for a long time, the effects are high, if they are compared with those of other educational policies conducted on a large scale and assessed rigorously. The absolute cost of such a policy justifies targeting it on the most disadvantaged pupils, but the investment is profitable whenever the salary gain for two years spent in a half-size class is greater than 1%. However many unknown quantities remain, in particular about how reduction in class size links up with teaching practices.; Cette note présente les résultats des recherches les plus robustes méthodologiquement, qui estiment l’impact d’une réduction de la taille des classes sur les performances scolaires des élèves et sur leur destin à plus long terme. Contrairement à une idée qui a longtemps perduré, ces effetssont élevés, si on les compare à d’autres politiques scolaires menées à grande échelle et rigoureusement évaluées. Le coût absolu du doublement des classes de CP et de CE1 justifie de cibler cette politique sur les élèves les moins favorisés, mais l’investissement est rentable dès qu’il existe des effets in fine sur la situation professionnelle des bénéficiaires aussi petits que 1 %. Il reste cependant beaucoup d’inconnues, notamment sur l’articulation entre la réduction de la taille des classes et les pratiques pédagogiques.

Published
2017

48. Fronde 2.0 et réelection

Author

Ecormier-Nocca, Florence, Louis-Sidois, Charles, Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (CEE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], and Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CEE)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, machine learning, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, réseaux sociaux, dicipline partisane, élections législatives, campagne électorale, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier les logiques de la dissidence des députés vis-à-vis de leur parti, à partir des tweets de campagnes des députés candidats à leur propre succession aux élections législatives de 2017, dans un contexte de brouillage des étiquettes partisanes. Nous proposons d’utiliser des méthodes d’apprentissage supervisée issues du machine learning pour pallier aux limites des analyses de la discipline partisane habituellement appréhendée à partir des votes nominaux. Nous exploiterons les données issues des comptes Twitter des candidats aux élections législatives françaises de 2017 afin de répondre à deux questions. D’une part, qui sont les candidats qui se démarquent de leur parti sur les réseaux sociaux ? Les logiques de démarcation sont-elles semblables à celles de la dissidence dans l’Assemblée nationale ? Nous analyserons à la fois les déterminants biographiques et les facteurs stratégiques qui peuvent expliquer la dissidence des candidats. D’autre part, quel est l’impact de l’indépendance des candidats sur leurs résultats électoraux ? Nous tenterons de déterminer si les candidats qui s’affranchissent de la ligne officielle du parti parviennent à séduire davantage d’électeurs.

Published
2017

49. Blunted ventral striatal responses to anticipated rewards foreshadow problematic drug use in novelty-seeking adolescents

Author

Uli Bromberg, Christian Büchel, Gunter Schumann, Patricia J. Conrod, Brian Knutson, Marie Laure Paillère-Martinot, Herta Flor, Karl Mann, Luise Poustka, Hugh Garavan, Andreas Heinz, Marcella Rietschel, Bernd Ittermann, Penny A. Gowland, Michael N. Smolka, Arun L.W. Bokde, Henrik Walter, Juergen Gallinat, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Zdenka Pausova, Jean-Luc Martinot, Jan Peters, Tobias Banaschewski, Tomáš Paus, Trevor W. Robbins, Frauke Nees, Papadopoulos, Dimitri [0000-0002-1242-8990], Smolka, Michael N [0000-0001-5398-5569], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Intelligent Autonomous Systems (IAS), Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy [Mannheim], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Trinity College Dublin, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, University of Vermont [Burlington], Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Neuroimagerie en psychiatrie (U1000), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry [Mannhein], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Göttingen Zentrum Geowissenschaften, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], IMAGEN received research funding from the European Community’s Sixth FrameworkProgramme (LSHM-CT-2007-037286). C.B. is supported by the DFG (SFB 936), the ERC(ERC-2010-AdG_20100407) and BMBF (AERIAL), Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine. Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt - Technical University of Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Universität Mannheim, Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Savelli, Bruno

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Adolescent, Substance-Related Disorders, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, Prefrontal Cortex, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit, Predictive markers, Brain mapping, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reward, Mesencephalon, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Prefrontal cortex, Brain Mapping, Motivation, Multidisciplinary, Ventral striatum, Novelty seeking, Conscientiousness, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, Anticipation, Psychological, Anticipation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Substance abuse, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Risk factors, Impulsive Behavior, Ventral Striatum, Exploratory Behavior, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Novelty-seeking tendencies in adolescents may promote innovation as well as problematic impulsive behaviour, including drug abuse. Previous research has not clarified whether neural hyper- or hypo-responsiveness to anticipated rewards promotes vulnerability in these individuals. Here we use a longitudinal design to track 144 novelty-seeking adolescents at age 14 and 16 to determine whether neural activity in response to anticipated rewards predicts problematic drug use. We find that diminished BOLD activity in mesolimbic (ventral striatal and midbrain) and prefrontal cortical (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) regions during reward anticipation at age 14 predicts problematic drug use at age 16. Lower psychometric conscientiousness and steeper discounting of future rewards at age 14 also predicts problematic drug use at age 16, but the neural responses independently predict more variance than psychometric measures. Together, these findings suggest that diminished neural responses to anticipated rewards in novelty-seeking adolescents may increase vulnerability to future problematic drug use., This article has been published in a revised form in Nature Communications [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14140]. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. © Nature Communications

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. The settlement procedure in the European Commission’s cartel cases: an early evaluation

Author

Kai Hüschelrath, Ulrich Laitenberger, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) (Centre for European Economic Research (Mannheim, Germany)), Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Télécom ParisTech, Economie Gestion (ECOGE), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Economy, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, Cartel, European commission, Business, 050207 economics, 16. Peace & justice, Settlement (litigation), [QFIN.TR]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Trading and Market Microstructure [q-fin.TR], Law, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050205 econometrics
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results