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2,275 results on '"Università degli Studi di Pavia"'

1. Non Primary HCMV Infection: Natural History and Immune Response

Author: Università degli Studi di Pavia, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, Fondazione Regionale per la Ricerca Biomedica (FRRB) - Regione Lombardia, and Daniele Lilleri, Principal investigator
Published: 2024

2. Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Food Supplement in Reducing Hair Loss in Male Subjects

Author: Complife Italia S.r.l and Università degli Studi di Pavia
Published: 2021

3. 5/ Turismo, disabilità, inclusione: le colonie estive dell’Istituto dei Ciechi di Milano nel secondo Novecento

Author: Luciano Maffi è dottore di ricerca in storia moderna e contemporanea. Attualmente è assegnista di ricerca di storia economica presso l’Università degli studi di Genova e insegna storia del turismo presso l’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. I suoi studi riguardano la storia del turismo, soprattutto in relazione ai cambiamenti infrastrutturali ed economici dell’Ottocento e del Novecento. Si occupa inoltre di sistemi di assistenza, di sistemi creditizi e finanziari e di produzione alimentare nella storia moderna e contemporanea. and Martino Lorenzo Fagnani è dottorando in storia moderna e contemporanea presso l’Università degli studi di Pavia e si è laureato in cultura e storia del sistema editoriale presso l’Università degli studi di Milano. Nell’ambito della ricerca, attualmente studia temi di storia della scienza nel Settecento e nell’Ottocento. I suoi studi abbracciano anche la storia culturale e la storia del turismo nel corso dell’Ottocento.
Subjects: turism, disability, summer camps, Italy, Institute for the Blind in Milan, turismo, disabilità, colonie estive, Italia, Istituto dei Ciechi di Milano, History (General), D1-2009, Modern history, 1453-, D204-475
Abstract: The article has the purpose to analyze the role of disability and its inclusion in the history of the tourism in Italy in the twentieth-century. Departing from the Italian law regarding the disabled people and their inclusion in the contemporary Italian society, and continue considering the typologies of tourism, that in last century, allowed the people with disability to have safe and confortable travel condition. The focus of the article is a case study: the summer camps for children and young guests of the Istituto dei Ciechi in Milan, with particular attention to the period of great changes from the mid-fifties to the mid-seventies. Through unpublished documents, we analyze the organization and the leasure time activities of young people at the sea and mountain.
Published: 2018

4. Safety and Efficacy of an Infant Formula Supplemented With Galacto-oligosaccharides, Beta-palmitate and Acidified Milk

Author: Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo di Pavia, Centro di Immunità e Nutrizione - Università degli Studi di Pavia (Prof.ssa Annamaria Castellazzi), and Advanced Analytical Technologies
Published: 2015

5. Role of the thermal treatment on the microstructure of YAGG nanopowders prepared by urea glass route

Author: Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Università degli studi di Pavia, Armetta, Francesco, Gaboardi, Mattia, Plaisier, Jasper, Saladino, Maria Luisa, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Università degli studi di Pavia, Armetta, Francesco, Gaboardi, Mattia, Plaisier, Jasper, and Saladino, Maria Luisa
Abstract: Yttrium aluminium gallium garnet (YAGG, Y3Al2Ga3O12) doped with rare-earth ions has drawn large attention owing to its optical properties with applications ranging from persistent luminescent phosphors to nanothermometers. Herein, three different YAGG materials were synthesized via the urea glass route followed by thermal treatment, relatively undoped; doped with Ce3+, Cr3+, and Nd3+; and doped with Ce3+, Cr3+, and Yb3+. The garnet formation was studied in situ upon thermal treatment from 300 to 1000 °C using synchrotron powder diffraction. Our results show that with this method, the onset of formation of the garnet is about 860 °C, with comparable cell parameters for both undoped and doped YAGG. A possible growth mechanism of YAGG is therefore discussed on the basis of observed microstructural parameters such as occupancy, microstrain, and crystallite size.
Published: 2023

6. RECENSIONE: Simona COLARIZI, Marco GERVASONI, La tela di Penelope. Storia della Seconda Repubblica. 1989-2011, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2012, 275 pp.

Author: Andrea POZZETTA ha conseguito la laurea specialistica in Storia dell’Europa Moderna e Contemporanea nel 2012 presso l’Università degli studi di Pavia con una tesi sulla biografia politica del dirigente comunista Luigi Longo in una prospettiva internazionalistica. Ha seguito un Master in Editoria presso il Collegio S. Caterina da Siena – Università degli studi di Pavia ed è attualmente collaboratore presso la casa editrice Giunti.
Subjects: History (General), D1-2009, Modern history, 1453-, D204-475
Published: 2013

7. Conjectures sur l’incipit des 'Lettres portugaises'

Author: Vittorio Fortunati and Università degli Studi di Pavia
Subjects: Cultural Studies, Literature, History, Literature and Literary Theory, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, First line, Philosophy, Matter of fact, language.human_language, Vocative case, Feeling, State (polity), language, Portuguese, business, media_common
Abstract: The Lettres Portugaises (1669) have always been at the heart of many debates, especially concerning the first line of the text: “Considere, mon amour”. Many critics state that the vocative “mon amour” refers to the male receiver of the letters, whereas others believe that the female writer is addressing her personified feeling. Currently, the problem remains unsolved, because there are valid arguments in support of both positions, even if none of them is entirely convincing. The article claims that the text could actually be incorrect and that the term “mon amour” could be replaced by “mon cœur”. If we make this replacement, all the contradictions that characterize the other interpretations seem resolved. Moreover, the presence of “cœur” in the first line would be more coherent with how the word is used in the rest of the text. The article seeks therefore to explain how the current version of the first line has come about: probably an error occurred, due to a printer’s distraction or it could be the free translation of a Portuguese text beginning with “Meu coracao”. As a matter of fact, the Lettres Portugaises were published as if they had been translated from authentic correspondence, even if their origin was quickly called into question: the debate over the first line is therefore linked to the intricate discussion about the genesis of the text and the article suggests a possible solution.
Published: 2021

8. Stakeholders’ Perspective on Groundwater Management in Four Water-Stressed Mediterranean Areas: Priorities and Challenges

Author: European Commission, Università degli studi di Pavia, Guardiola Albert, Carolina [0000-0001-9352-7618], Ezquerro Martín, Pablo [0000-0001-8667-5030], Boni, Roberta, Teatini, Pietro, Zoccarato, Claudia, Guardiola Albert, Carolina, Ezquerro Martín, Pablo, Bru, Guadalupe, Tomás, Roberto, Valdes-Abellan, Javier, Pla, Concepción, Navarro Hernández, María I., Elçi, Alpar, Çaylak, Boris, Ören, Ali Hakam, Shatanawi, Khaldoun, Mohammad, Alsharifa Hind, Hajar, Husam Abu, Letterio, Tommaso, Genovesi, Roberto, Hreisha, Hazem, Al-Mimi, Qamar, Meisina, Claudia, European Commission, Università degli studi di Pavia, Guardiola Albert, Carolina [0000-0001-9352-7618], Ezquerro Martín, Pablo [0000-0001-8667-5030], Boni, Roberta, Teatini, Pietro, Zoccarato, Claudia, Guardiola Albert, Carolina, Ezquerro Martín, Pablo, Bru, Guadalupe, Tomás, Roberto, Valdes-Abellan, Javier, Pla, Concepción, Navarro Hernández, María I., Elçi, Alpar, Çaylak, Boris, Ören, Ali Hakam, Shatanawi, Khaldoun, Mohammad, Alsharifa Hind, Hajar, Husam Abu, Letterio, Tommaso, Genovesi, Roberto, Hreisha, Hazem, Al-Mimi, Qamar, and Meisina, Claudia
Abstract: [EN] Recent studies highlight the fragility of the Mediterranean basin against climate stresses and the difficulties of managing the sustainable development of groundwater resources. In this work, the main issues related to groundwater management have been identified from the stakeholder’s perspective in the following four representative water-stressed Mediterranean areas: the coastal aquifer of Comacchio (Italy), the Alto Guadalentín aquifer (Spain), the alluvial aquifer of the Gediz River basin (Turkey), and the Azraq aquifer (Azraq Wetland Reserve, Jordan). This has been achieved by designing a methodology to involve and engage a representative set of stakeholders, including a questionnaire to learn their point of view concerning the current management of aquifer systems and their experience with the already available tools for groundwater resource management, such as monitoring networks and numerical models. The outcome of the survey has allowed us to identify both particular and common challenges among the four study sites and among the various groups of stakeholders. This information provides valuable insights to improve the transfer of scientific knowledge from the research centers to the authorities managing the groundwater resources and it will help to plan more effective research activities on aquifer management. The proposed methodology could be applied in other aquifers facing similar problems.
Published: 2022

9. Adaptive low and high-order hybridized methods for unsteady incompressible flow simulations

Author: Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports de Barcelona, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Huerta, Antonio, Auricchio, Ferdinando, Giacomini, Matteo, Karkoulias, Alexandros, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports de Barcelona, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Huerta, Antonio, Auricchio, Ferdinando, Giacomini, Matteo, and Karkoulias, Alexandros
Abstract: Tesi en modalitat de cotutela: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya i Università degli Studi di Pavia, Simulations of incompressible flows are performed on a daily basis to solve problems of practical and industrial interest in several fields of engineering, including automotive, aeronautical, mechanical and biomedical applications. Although finite volume (FV) methods are still the preferred choice by the industry due to their efficiency and robustness, sensitivity to mesh quality and limited accuracy represent two main bottlenecks of these approaches. This is especially critical in the context of transient phenomena, in which FV methods show excessive numerical diffusion. In this context, there has been a growing interest towards high-order discretisation strategies in last decades. In this PhD thesis, a high-order adaptive hybidisable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method is proposed for the approximation of steady and unsteady laminar incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Voigt notation for symmetric second-order tensors is exploited to devise an HDG method for the Cauchy formulation of the momentum equation with optimal convergence properties, even when low-order polynomial degrees of approximation are considered. In addition, a postprocessing strategy accounting for rigid translational and rotational modes is proposed to construct an element-by-element superconvergent velocity field. The discrepancy between the computed and postprocessed velocities is utilised to define a local error indicator to drive degree adaptivity procedures and accurately capture localised features of the flow. The resulting HDG solver is thus extended to the case of transient problems via high-order time integration schemes, namely the explicit singly diagonal implicit Runge-Kutta (ESDIRK) schemes. In this context, the embedded explicit step is exploited to define an inexpensive estimate of the temporal error to devise an efficient timestep control strategy. Finally, in order to efficiently solve the global problem arising from the HDG discretisation, a preconditioned iterative solver is, Simulaciones de flujo incompresible se emplean a diario para resolver problemas de interés práctico e industrial en varios campos de la ingeniería, p.ej. en aplicaciones automovilísticas, aeronáuticas, mecánicas y biomédicas. Aunque los métodos de volúmenes finitos (FV) siguen siendo la opción preferida por la industria debido a su eficiencia y robustez, la sensibilidad a la calidad de la malla y la baja precisión representan dos limitaciones importantes para estas técnicas. Estas limitaciones son todavía más críticas en el contexto de simulaciones de fenómenos transitorios, donde los FV están penalizados por su excesiva difusión numérica. En este contexto, las estrategias de discretización de alto orden han ganado una popularidad creciente en las últimas décadas para problemas transitorios dónde se necesitan soluciones precisas. Esta tesis propone un método de Galerkin discontinuo híbrido (HDG), de alto orden y adaptativo para la aproximación de las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes incomprensible laminar, en el caso estacionario y transitorio en el entorno de aplicaciones ingenieriles. Para ello, la notación de Voigt para tensores simétricos de segundo orden (habituales en mecánica de los medios continuos) permite introducir un método HDG para la formulación de Cauchy de la ecuación de momento. La novedad de este resultado reside en la convergencia óptima alcanzada por el método, incluso para aproximaciones de orden polinómico bajo. Además, se desarrolla una estrategia de post-proceso local para construir elemento a elemento un campo de velocidad súper-convergente, tomando en cuenta los modos rígidos de traslación y rotación. La discrepancia entre el campo de velocidad calculado y el súper-convergente, obtenido a través del post-proceso, permite definir un indicador del error local. De esta forma, se desarrolla una estrategia para realizar adecuar elemento a elemento el grado de la aproximación polinómica y así mejorar la precisión adaptándose a las características loca, Postprint (published version)
Published: 2020

10. Transient and intermediate carbocations in ruthenium tetroxide oxidation of saturated rings

Author: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Gobierno de Aragón, European Commission, University of Texas at San Antonio, Università degli Studi di Catania, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pedrón, Manuel, Legnani, Laura, Chiacchio, Maria A., Caramella, Pierluigi, Tejero, Tomás, Merino, Pedro, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Gobierno de Aragón, European Commission, University of Texas at San Antonio, Università degli Studi di Catania, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pedrón, Manuel, Legnani, Laura, Chiacchio, Maria A., Caramella, Pierluigi, Tejero, Tomás, and Merino, Pedro
Abstract: The ruthenium tetroxide-mediated oxidation of cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene and N-substituted pyrrolidines has been studied computationally by DFT and topological (analysis of the electron localization function, ELF) methods. In agreement with experimental observations and previous DFT calculations, the rate-limiting step of the reaction takes place through a highly asynchronous (3 + 2) concerted cycloaddition through a single transition structure (one kinetic step). The ELF analysis identifies the reaction as a typical one-step-two-stages process and corroborates the existence of a transient carbocation. In the case of pyrrolidines, the carbocation is completely stabilized as an energy minimum in the form of an iminium ion and the reaction takes place in two steps.
Published: 2019

11. New Upper Carboniferous palynofloras from Southern Pyrenees (NE Spain): Implications for palynological zonation of Western Europe

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Xunta de Galicia, Università degli studi di Pavia, López-Gómez, José, Arche, Alfredo, Juncal, Manuel, Lloret, Joan, Díez, J. B., Ronchi, Ausonio, de la Horra, R., Barrenechea, J. F., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Xunta de Galicia, Università degli studi di Pavia, López-Gómez, José, Arche, Alfredo, Juncal, Manuel, Lloret, Joan, Díez, J. B., Ronchi, Ausonio, de la Horra, R., and Barrenechea, J. F.
Abstract: In the western European basins, the paleoflora of late Pennsylvanian-early Permian transition is still a matter of discussion in terms of its age determination and biostratigraphic ranges. This study represents a review of the Upper Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphy of the Central and Eastern Pyrenees from continental successions with interbedded volcanic-volcaniclastic rocks, coupling new palynological data and known palynological assemblages to calibrate them with recent SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages dates obtained in previous works. In this light, the first continental unit overlying the Variscan basement bears a Gzhelian palynological association, which fits perfectly with the isotopic SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of the associated pyroclastic rocks (304.6 ± 1.5 Ma and 300.4 ± 1.4 Ma). In order to provide a solid base to characterize the Carboniferous-Permian microflora evolution in the western Tethys sub-basins, we have compared radiometrically dated palynological assemblages of the Euramerican Province such as Spain, southern France, the Alps and Sardinia (Italy). The new biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic information presented here confirms the validity of the classical Carboniferous Palynological Zonation of Western Europe.
Published: 2019

12. Is It Worth the Risk? Food Deprivation Effects on Tadpole Anti-Predatory Responses

Author: Università degli studi di Pavia, Gazzola, A., Balestrieri, Alessandro, Martín Rueda, José, Pellitteri-Rosa, D., Università degli studi di Pavia, Gazzola, A., Balestrieri, Alessandro, Martín Rueda, José, and Pellitteri-Rosa, D.
Abstract: Predation risk affects foraging behavior and, particularly, the amount of time devoted to the search for food. When exposed to predation risk, food deprived animals should be risk prone and relax behavioral defenses to a wider extent than well fed individuals. To test for this prediction, we used a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment, manipulating both the energetic state (fed vs. fasted) and exposure to an attack-released cue (injured vs. uninjured conspecifics) of common water frog tadpoles (Pelophylax kl. esculentus). Contrary to expectations, food deprivation significantly lowered the activity level of predator-exposed tadpoles. As in this experiment no food resource was added to test containers, energy conserving behavior might have both delayed starvation and lowered the probability of encountering the potential predator. To test for the effect of food availability on behavioral responses, we performed a second experiment, using the same protocol and procedures, except for adding food to all test containers. All tadpoles showed similar levels of activity, while fed tadpoles exposed to alarm cues tended to swim farther from the cage containing the stimulus than in the first experiment. As many anuran larvae can feed on dead conspecifics, prey-borne cues may have been interpreted as the potential presence of both a food source and a predator, fed tadpoles possibly being more confident than fasted tadpoles in their ability to escape predation in case an actual attack occurs.
Published: 2018

13. Syn-tectonic sedimentary evolution of the continental late Palaeozoic-early Mesozoic Erill Castell-Estac Basin and its significance in the development of the central Pyrenees Basin

Author: Università degli studi di Pavia, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Lloret, Joan, Ronchi, Ausonio, López-Gómez, José, Gretter, Nicola, Horra, Raúl de la, Barrenechea, J. F., Arche, Alfredo, Università degli studi di Pavia, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Lloret, Joan, Ronchi, Ausonio, López-Gómez, José, Gretter, Nicola, Horra, Raúl de la, Barrenechea, J. F., and Arche, Alfredo
Abstract: The break-up of Pangea remains one of the most interesting moments in the Earth's history. In the Pyrenees this geological moment is represented by continental successions, giving rise to a magnificent example of the creation of new basins and their sedimentary fill. In this work we present a study based on stratigraphy, sedimentology and synsedimentary tectonics data; on this basis, we define for the first time the different tectono-stratigraphic phases that occurred in the evolution of the incipient continental basin of the Erill Castell-Estac Basin (Southern Pyrenees, NE Spain). Traditionally, four lithostratigraphic units have been defined in the area and grouped into tectono-stratigraphic units, but we propose three sedimentary cycles characterized by fining upward trends and separated by angular unconformities. The first sedimentary cycle (late Carboniferous-early Permian) is strongly related to intense volcanic activity and is characterized by isolated sub-basins. In the upper part of this cycle, fluvial and lacustrine deposits were deposited in a volcanic and transtensive tectonic context. In the second sedimentary cycle (early-middle Permian), the connection between the sub-basins started in a transtensive tectonic context. The main deposits in this cycle are lacustrine and fluvial, relative to playa-lake environments with a minor volcanic influence. Finally, the third sedimentary cycle (Early-Middle Triassic) is represented by meandering fluvial deposits with scarce lacustrine environments and no volcanic influence. The syn-depositional tectonic context is extensional, at the top of this last cycle the first Mesozoic marine incursions are preserved. Detailed description of the evolution of the Erill Castell-Estac Basin provides a new example of the sedimentary filling of strike-slip basins and is a key point to further considerations of the still unknown role of the Carboniferous to Triassic Pyrenean basins in Pangea break-up.
Published: 2018

14. Revealing carbocations in highly asynchronous concerted reactions: The ene-type reaction between dithiocarboxylic acids and alkenes

Author: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Gobierno de Aragón, Università degli Studi di Catania, Università degli studi di Pavia, Chiacchio, Maria A., Legnani, Laura, Caramella, Pierluigi, Tejero, Tomás, Merino, Pedro, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Gobierno de Aragón, Università degli Studi di Catania, Università degli studi di Pavia, Chiacchio, Maria A., Legnani, Laura, Caramella, Pierluigi, Tejero, Tomás, and Merino, Pedro
Abstract: The ene-type reaction between (dithio)carboxylic acids and alkenes has been studied computationally by DFT and topological (analysis of the electron localization function, ELF) methods. The reaction proceeds under kinetic control and the observed differences in regioselectivity are well-explained by the relative stability of the different transition structures. In agreement with experimental observations, electron-rich alkenes lead to Markownikoff adducts while electron-poor alkenes lead to Michael adducts. In all cases the reaction proceeds through an only transition structure (one kinetic step) although a different synchronicity was observed depending on the alkene electronics. The ELF analysis of the reactions corroborates the existence of a transient carbocation (hidden intermediate) in the reactions with electron-rich alkenes. On the other hand, electron-poor alkenes proceed through a more synchronous concerted mechanism. It can be predicted that with electron-rich alkenes bearing highly donating the transient carbocations might be captured by a nucleophile.
Published: 2018

15. A multitarget approach to drug discovery inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis PyrG and PanK

Author: European Commission, Università degli studi di Pavia, Ministry of Education (Slovak Republic), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Chiarelli, Laurent R., De Jesús Lopez Ribeiro, Ana L, Pasca, María R., European Commission, Università degli studi di Pavia, Ministry of Education (Slovak Republic), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Chiarelli, Laurent R., De Jesús Lopez Ribeiro, Ana L, and Pasca, María R.
Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of the infectious disease tuberculosis, kills approximately 1.5 million people annually, while the spread of multidrug-resistant strains is of great global concern. Thus, continuous efforts to identify new antitubercular drugs as well as novel targets are crucial. Recently, two prodrugs activated by the monooxygenase EthA, 7947882 and 7904688, which target the CTP synthetase PyrG, were identified and characterized. In this work, microbiological, biochemical, and in silico methodologies were used to demonstrate that both prodrugs possess a second target, the pantothenate kinase PanK. This enzyme is involved in coenzyme A biosynthesis, an essential pathway for M. tuberculosis growth. Moreover, compound 11426026, the active metabolite of 7947882, was demonstrated to directly inhibit PanK, as well. In an independent screen of a compound library against PyrG, two additional inhibitors were also found to be active against PanK. In conclusion, these direct PyrG and PanK inhibitors can be considered as leads for multitarget antitubercular drugs and these two enzymes could be employed as a >double-tool> in order to find additional hit compounds.
Published: 2018

16. Restored topography of the Po Plain‐Northern Adriatic region during the Messinian base‐level drop—Implications for the physiography and compartmentalization of the palaeo‐Mediterranean basin

Author: Università degli studi di Pavia, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), García-Castellanos, Daniel [0000-0001-8454-8572], Amadori, Chiara, García-Castellanos, Daniel, Toscani, G., Sternai, P., Fantoni, R., Ghielmi, Manlio, Di Giulio, Andrea, Università degli studi di Pavia, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), García-Castellanos, Daniel [0000-0001-8454-8572], Amadori, Chiara, García-Castellanos, Daniel, Toscani, G., Sternai, P., Fantoni, R., Ghielmi, Manlio, and Di Giulio, Andrea
Abstract: The Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) involved the progressive isolation of the Mediterranean Sea from the Atlantic between 5.97 and 5.33 Ma, and a sea-level fall whose timing, modalities, and magnitude remain actively debated. At that time, the central Mediterranean was undergoing strong tectonic activity due to the rollback of the Adria slab and eastward migration of the Apenninic belt. The combined effects of the post-evaporitic MSC sea-level drop and morphostructural changes (due to the Intra-Messinian phase) resulted in a regional unconformity, which shows erosive markers and conformable relationships with the Messinian and Mio–Pliocene boundary in the Po Plain and Northern Adriatic Foreland. Here, we produce a palaeotopographic reconstruction of the Po Plain-Northern Adriatic region (PPNA) during the Messinian peak desiccation event based on such regional unconformity. We mapped this surface through wells and 2D seismic data form Eni's private dataset. The unconformity shows V-shaped incisions matching the present-day southern Alpine valleys and filled with Messinian post-evaporitic and Pliocene deposits, suggesting that the modern drainage network is at least of late Messinian age. The Messinian unconformity has been restored to its original state through flexural-backstripping numerical modelling. The resulting landscape suggests a maximum sea-level drop of 800–900 m during the MSC peak, and is consistent with stratigraphic and sedimentologic data provided by previous works. The modelled shoreline separates the subaerially eroded land from an elongated basin composed by two ca. 400 and 1,000 m deep depocentres during the maximum sea-level drop. These results suggest that the Mediterranean was split in at least three sub-basins subject to independent base levels, fresh-water budgets, and flexural responses during the maximum lowstand. © 2018 The Authors. Basin Research © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers and Internati
Published: 2018

17. Introducing topology to assess the synchronicity of organic reactions. Dual reactivity of oximes with alkenes as a case study

Author: Università degli studi di Pavia, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Gobierno de Aragón, Università degli Studi di Catania, Merino, Pedro [0000-0002-2202-3460], Chiacchio, Maria A. [0000-0002-3352-5511], Legnani, Laura [0000-0002-3236-0364], Delso, J. Ignacio [0000-0001-8355-2289], Tejero, Tomás [0000-0003-3433-6701], Merino, Pedro, Chiacchio, Maria A., Legnani, Laura, Delso, J. Ignacio, Tejero, Tomás, Università degli studi di Pavia, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Gobierno de Aragón, Università degli Studi di Catania, Merino, Pedro [0000-0002-2202-3460], Chiacchio, Maria A. [0000-0002-3352-5511], Legnani, Laura [0000-0002-3236-0364], Delso, J. Ignacio [0000-0001-8355-2289], Tejero, Tomás [0000-0003-3433-6701], Merino, Pedro, Chiacchio, Maria A., Legnani, Laura, Delso, J. Ignacio, and Tejero, Tomás
Abstract: The synchronicity of organic reactions not always can be determined by only the analysis of transition structures. We present a case study that illustrates that topological analyses provide information regarding synchronicity that, often, is not reflected in the geometry of transition structures. We have chosen the competitive reactions of oximes with alkenes, (3 + 2) dipolar cycloaddition and ene-like reaction, which have been computationally studied to determine the parameters favoring each process. The competition between the two reactions is particularly evidenced in alkenyl oximes leading to intramolecular processes. Up to 26 examples of intramolecular reactions have been calculated and the results predicted the favored process.
Published: 2017

18. EL “NOCTURNO” DE MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO: ESTUDIO DE UN BORRADOR INÉDITO

Author: María Martínez Deyros; Università degli Studi di Pavia. Italia and María Martínez Deyros; Università degli Studi di Pavia. Italia
Abstract: El “Nocturno” se convirtió en los últimos años del siglo XIX en un motivo literario tan recurrente en la poesía modernista, que ha llegado a ser considerado por algunos estudiosos como un subgénero lírico propio de la literatura del Fin de Siglo. Si bien es verdad que los primeros poetas españoles en publicar sus nocturnos fueron Villaespesa (1899) y Juan Ramón Jiménez (1900), el hallazgo de un borrador hasta ahora inédito de Miguel de Unamuno nos revela cómo el catedrático de Salamanca, antes de 1899, vendría trabajando en la composición de un poema con el revelador título de “Nocturno”, inscribiéndose de esta forma dentro de la moda imperante en esos años. Gracias a la metodología de la crítica genética se comprobará cómo don Miguel recrea a partir del ambiente nocturnal su peculiar concepción de la intrahistoria.
Published: 2017

19. Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East

Author: Irish Research Council, Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences, European Research Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Scottish Government, Scottish Funding Council, German Research Foundation, Wenner-Gren Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), European Commission, Leverhulme Trust, Università degli studi di Pavia, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, National Geographic Society, Irene Levi Sala Care Archaeological Foundation, Israel Science Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lazaridis, Iosif, Comas, David, Reich, David, Irish Research Council, Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences, European Research Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Scottish Government, Scottish Funding Council, German Research Foundation, Wenner-Gren Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), European Commission, Leverhulme Trust, Università degli studi di Pavia, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, National Geographic Society, Irene Levi Sala Care Archaeological Foundation, Israel Science Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lazaridis, Iosif, Comas, David, and Reich, David
Abstract: We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ~12,000 and 1,400 bc, from Natufian hunter–gatherers to Bronze Age farmers. We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a ‘Basal Eurasian’ lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages before their separation from each other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter–gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter–gatherers of Europe to greatly reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those of Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia.
Published: 2016

20. Accessibilità e fruibilità del patrimonio architettonico: occasioni per una sostenibilità 'sociale' del recupero

Author: Greco, Alessandro and Università Degli Studi Di Pavia
Subjects: ICAR10 - Architettura tecnica, accessibility, usability for all, deleting architectural and sensorial barriers, participating design, exploitation of architectural heritage
Abstract: Il tema dell’accessibilità e della fruibilità del patrimonio storico – architettonico sta assumendo sempre più rilevanza nel contesto nazionale, e in quello europeo più in generale, anche per le importanti funzioni che normalmente vengono inserite in contenitori edilizi dall’elevato valore culturale e documentale, collocati spesso nel centro storico delle città oppure in aree di elevato pregio ambientale.Il contributo propone riflessioni di carattere generale sull’importanza “sociale” dell’accessibilità al patrimonio edilizio storico e offre spunti per un approccio alla progettazione dell’accessibilità secondo un metodo consapevole della complessità del tema, partecipato e multidisciplinare. Il testo si completa con l’illustrazione di due ricerche applicate (una alla scala urbana e una alla scala edilizia) sviluppate secondo tale metodo., The topic of accessibility and usability of the historical-architectural heritage is becoming increasingly important at a national and European level, also for the important functions that are normally inserted in buildings with high cultural and documentary value, often located in the historical centre of the towns or in areas of high environmental value.This writing proposes general reflections on the "social" importance of the accessibility to the historic building heritage and offers suggestions for an approach to the design of accessibility according to a method aware of the complexity of the subject, participated and multidisciplinary. The text is completed with the report of two applied researches (one to the urban scale and one to the construction scale) developed according to this method., IN_BO. Ricerche e progetti per il territorio, la città e l'architettura; Vol. 3, n. 5 (2012) - CONSERVAZIONE vs INNOVAZIONE, a cura di Riccardo Gulli; 179 - 202
Published: 2012
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21. Contenuto vs. contenitore? Criteri predittivi di impatto e soglie di resilienza nella prospettiva del recupero sostenibile

Author: Morandotti, Marco and Università Degli Studi Di Pavia
Subjects: sustainable refurbishment, predictive impact criteria, valorisation, ICAR10 - Architettura tecnica, recupero sostenibile, criteri di impatto, valorizzazione
Abstract: Uno dei terreni sul quale si gioca la prospettiva del recupero sostenibile del patrimonio costruito è oggi costituito dalla valorizzazione del patrimonio stesso. Né un approccio intransigentemente refrattario alle istanze di riuso del bene, né quello opposto, orientato al contrario al suo sfruttamento economico, a carico di una troppo gravosa compressione delle stesse esigenze di conservazione, appaiono di fatto perseguibili in una prospettiva di medio periodo. A partire dagli esiti di una ricerca recentemente conclusa, si intende affrontare la questione con una prospettiva organica, in una logica “life cycle oriented”., One of most relevant playground of the debate concerning the sustainable refurbishment of cultural heritage is focused on its valorisation. Neither a conservative approach, unavailable for every kind of heritage re-use, neither the opposite, devoted to its intensive economical exploitation, seem to be sustainable in a mid-term perspective. Moving on a recently ended research, the paper aims to stress the topic in a holistic “life cycle oriented” approach., IN_BO. Ricerche e progetti per il territorio, la città e l'architettura; Vol. 3, n. 5 (2012) - CONSERVAZIONE vs INNOVAZIONE, a cura di Riccardo Gulli; 161 - 178
Published: 2012
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22. Priorità e obiettivi per la valutazione e gestione del rischio per la salute umana e la qualità ambientale da esposizione a Interferenti Endocrini

Author: Prof. Luciano CAGLIOTI, Professore Ordinario di Chimica Organica, Università di Roma \\'La Sapienza\\' - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), con l'incarico di coordinatore, Dott. Gianvincenzo BARBA, Ricercatore di III livello II^ fascia presso l'Istituto di Scienza dell'Alimentazione del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Prof. Francesco Maria CANCELLOTTI, Direttore Scientifico Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lazio e Toscana, Dott.ssa Anna Maria COLACCI, Responsabile Cancerogenesi ambientale ARPA Emilia Romagna, Dott. Ivano GIACOMELLI, Segretario Nazionale Associazione Codici, Prof. Giuseppe LATINI, Direttore Unità Operativa di Neonatologia dell'Ospedale Perrino di Brindisi, Dott.ssa Catherine LECLERCQ, Ricercatore di ruolo presso l'Unità di Nutrizione Umana dell'Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), Responsabile del \\'Gruppo di ricerca sull'esposizione al rischio alimentare\\', Prof.ssa Alberta MANDICH, Ricercatore confermato presso il Dipartimento di Biologia dell'Università di Genova, Prof. Alberto MANTOVANI, Dirigente di ricerca del Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare e Salute Pubblica Veterinaria dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Prof. Luigi MANZO, Professore Ordinario di Tossicologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pavia, IRCCS, Fondazione Maugeri, Dott. Fabrizio OLEARI, Direttore Generale Ministero della Salute, Segretariato Nazionale della Valutazione del Rischio della Catena Alimentare, Prof.ssa Antonella OLIVIERI, Primo Ricercatore presso il Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Neuroscienze dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma Dott. Elena ORBAN, Direttore dell'Unità di Tecnologie Alimentari e dell'Area di Studio Prodotti Ittici, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), Dott. Stefano PAOLUCCI, Direttore Unità Operativa \\'F\\' Fondazione S. Lucia, IRCCS, and Dott. Carlo ZAGHI, Dirigente Divisione VII, Valutazione del Rischio Ambientale di Prodotti Chimici, Direzione Generale per la Salvaguardia Ambientale, Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare.
Published: 2009

23. Accessibility and usability of the architectural heritage: chances for a “social” sustainability of the building restoration

Author: Greco, Alessandro; Università degli Studi di Pavia and Greco, Alessandro; Università degli Studi di Pavia
Abstract: The topic of accessibility and usability of the historical-architectural heritage is becoming increasingly important at a national and European level, also for the important functions that are normally inserted in buildings with high cultural and documentary value, often located in the historical centre of the towns or in areas of high environmental value.This writing proposes general reflections on the "social" importance of the accessibility to the historic building heritage and offers suggestions for an approach to the design of accessibility according to a method aware of the complexity of the subject, participated and multidisciplinary. The text is completed with the report of two applied researches (one to the urban scale and one to the construction scale) developed according to this method.
Published: 2012

24. L’Infinito e il piacere del «contrasto»

Author: Università degli Studi di Pavia, Sarteschi, Selene, Università degli Studi di Pavia, and Sarteschi, Selene
Abstract: Nell’idillio L’infinito Giacomo Leopardi crea una lirica che, formalmente e contenutisticamente, costituisce il viaggio testuale parallelo a quello fantastico-immaginativo compiuto dal protagonista alla ricerca del piacere. Il poeta appaga la propria tensione al piacere non solo raccontando un’esperienza razionale e sensoriale nei suoi vari passaggi, ma mettendo in pratica la sua tecnica poetica, per comunicare al lettore il diletto della «vera poesia » attraverso il correlato piacere del contrasto, pressoché continuo, fra finito e indefinito al livello fonico, lessicale, sintattico, semantico., In the idyll «L’infinito» Giacomo Leopardi creates a poem which in its form and content constitutes a textual journey which runs parallel to the fantastic and imaginative one made by the author while looking for pleasure. The poet appeases his own striving for pleasure not only by presenting a rational and sensual experience in its various steps, but also applying his poetical technique in order to convey to the reader the delight of «pure poetry» through the parallel pleasure caused by an almost constant contrast between «finiteness» and «infinity», a contrast shown at the phonic, lexical, syntactic and semantic levels.
Published: 2010

25. The Internet based cooperation tools: From the OPAC to cross-domain search systems

Author: Weston, Paul Gabriele; Università degli Studi di Pavia and Weston, Paul Gabriele; Università degli Studi di Pavia
Abstract: Publisher: ClioPress. Editoria digitale per la didattica e la ricerca storica. Pages: 54, [21] p. di tav. Language: Italian. NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-22045 Abstract: Such terms as “metadata”, “web strategies”, “interoperability” are commonly used whenever the perspectives of cultural heritage memories on the web are investigated. The risk that well-established methods of preserving and publishing the output of intellectual and artistic activities could hinder data exchange procedures as well as making the creation of multidisciplinary discovery systems required for carrying out reasearch – even in the humanities – is under assessment. The earliest projects adopted the same electronic format and cataloguing rules shared among classes of items of quite a different nature. Far from being the ideal solution, it has fuelled an animated world-wide debate. Nonetheless, thanks to this strategy North American institutions have created in just over a decade those massive digital archives which are the backbone of American Memory. In the meanwhile research on interoperability was carried out with the purpose of creating cross-domain linking devices and more powerful search tools. The latter should be the basis of networks aimed at fittingly supporting reaserch in the fields of historical and bibliographic studies. Indice Prefazione Lo sviluppo del catalogo elettronico La crisi del catalogo informatizzato La crescita dei cataloghi Il catalogo FRBR L’integrazione tra strumenti di ricerca omogenei L’integrazione tra sistemi eterogenei Considerazioni conclusive Bibliografia, Editore: ClioPress. Editoria digitale per la didattica e la ricerca storica. Pagine: 54, [21] p. di tav. Lingua: Italiano. Abstract: Termini quali "metadati", "strategie di rete" e "interoperabilità" vengono utilizzati con crescente frequenza ogni volta che ci si interroga sulle prospettive della memoria delle istituzioni culturali nell'epoca del web e dell'editoria elettronica. In particolare, preoccupa il fatto che i consolidati criteri di conservazione e di documentazione del prodotto dell'attività intellettuale e artistica dell'umanità possano ostacolare lo scambio dei dati e rendere particolarmente difficoltosa la realizzazione di sistemi informativi multidisciplinari, sempre più indispensabili alla ricerca, non solo di ambito umanistico. Le prime realizzazioni sono andate nella direzione di un unico formato elettronico e di normative catalografiche sostanzialmente affini per descrivere classi di materiali fra loro eterogenee. La soluzione non è, ovviamente, la più convincente ed ha sollevato un po' ovunque grandi perplessità. Tuttavia, essa ha consentito alle istituzioni nordamericane di realizzare, nell'arco di poco più di un decennio, quegli archivi digitali che costituiscono la struttura portante di American Memory. Tutt'altro sviluppo hanno avuto, nel frattempo, le ricerche sull'interoperabilità, fondata sulla convinzione che la soluzione vada ricercata piuttosto nella realizzazione di strutture di collegamento fra gli archivi elettronici e nel potenziamento dei dispositivi di interrogazione. Proprio su tali presupposti si basa la realizzazione di quelle reti documentarie che ambiscono a fornire un supporto significativo alla ricerca storica e alla bibliografia. Indice Prefazione Lo sviluppo del catalogo elettronico La crisi del catalogo informatizzato La crescita dei cataloghi Il catalogo FRBR L’integrazione tra strumenti di ricerca omogenei L’integrazione tra sistemi eterogenei Considerazioni conclusive Bibliografia &nbsp, Editore: ClioPress. Editoria digitale per la didattica e la ricerca storica. Pagine: 54, [21] p. di tav. Lingua: Italiano. NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:unina-22045 Abstract: Termini quali "metadati", "strategie di rete" e "interoperabilità" vengono utilizzati con crescente frequenza ogni volta che ci si interroga sulle prospettive della memoria delle istituzioni culturali nell'epoca del web e dell'editoria elettronica. In particolare, preoccupa il fatto che i consolidati criteri di conservazione e di documentazione del prodotto dell'attività intellettuale e artistica dell'umanità possano ostacolare lo scambio dei dati e rendere particolarmente difficoltosa la realizzazione di sistemi informativi multidisciplinari, sempre più indispensabili alla ricerca, non solo di ambito umanistico. Le prime realizzazioni sono andate nella direzione di un unico formato elettronico e di normative catalografiche sostanzialmente affini per descrivere classi di materiali fra loro eterogenee. La soluzione non è, ovviamente, la più convincente ed ha sollevato un po' ovunque grandi perplessità. Tuttavia, essa ha consentito alle istituzioni nordamericane di realizzare, nell'arco di poco più di un decennio, quegli archivi digitali che costituiscono la struttura portante di American Memory. Tutt'altro sviluppo hanno avuto, nel frattempo, le ricerche sull'interoperabilità, fondata sulla convinzione che la soluzione vada ricercata piuttosto nella realizzazione di strutture di collegamento fra gli archivi elettronici e nel potenziamento dei dispositivi di interrogazione. Proprio su tali presupposti si basa la realizzazione di quelle reti documentarie che ambiscono a fornire un supporto significativo alla ricerca storica e alla bibliografia. Indice Prefazione Lo sviluppo del catalogo elettronico La crisi del catalogo informatizzato La crescita dei cataloghi Il catalogo FRBR L’integrazione tra strumenti di ricerca omogenei L’integrazione tra sistemi eterogenei Consi
Published: 2003

26. Design of high-performance band-pass sigma-delta modulator with concurrent error detection

Author: Dipt. di Elettronica, Pavia Univ., Italy (DIPT. DI ELETTRONICA) ; Università degli studi di Pavia, Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (CNM) ; Centro Nacional de Microelectronica, DELET—UFRGS (DELET—UFRGS) ; DELET—UFRGS, Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for integrated systems Architecture (TIMA) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Francesconi, F., Liberali, V., Lubaszewski, M., Mir, S., Dipt. di Elettronica, Pavia Univ., Italy (DIPT. DI ELETTRONICA) ; Università degli studi di Pavia, Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (CNM) ; Centro Nacional de Microelectronica, DELET—UFRGS (DELET—UFRGS) ; DELET—UFRGS, Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for integrated systems Architecture (TIMA) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Francesconi, F., Liberali, V., Lubaszewski, M., and Mir, S.
Abstract: This paper presents the design of a band-pass sigma-delta modulator to be used in digital radio systems. The proposed circuit exploits the advantages provided by sigma-delta technique and by fully differential architecture. Band-pass sigma-delta conversion requires a very simple digital demodulation circuit. Oversampling and noise-shaping techniques provide a way to realize A/D converters with medium/high resolution without requiring high-precision analog components. Moreover, the proposed implementation minimizes the analog circuitry and its fully differential architecture allows on-chip integration of a self-checker for concurrent detection of faults.

27. Meta-research studies should improve and evaluate their own data sharing practices

Author: Ioana A. Cristea, Florian Naudet, Laura Caquelin, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Università degli Studi di Pavia, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: Information Dissemination, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Reproducibility of Results, Secondary data, meta-research, Reporting guidelines, Data sharing, Meta-analysis, Metaresearch, Open Science, Reproducibility, Humans, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: International audience; Data sharing is gradually becoming a requirement across all fields of science, owing to its key benefits in verifying the reproducibility of findings and reusing existent data for new purposes. Although meta-research studies are complex, time-consuming and hinge on the availability of data produced and curated by others, there has been little focus on how they make their own data available. This is in stark contrast with the heightened attention data sharing has received in clinical research. Yet, as secondary data users par excellence, meta-researchers are ethically bound to both improving and evaluating data sharing practices, as well as correctly sharing their own data. We contrast particularities of data sharing in meta-research and clinical research, such as benefits, barriers, inadequate and potentially pervasive sharing practices. We conclude with an array of concrete and tailored recommendations for improvement.
Published: 2022

28. Enhancement of Penetration of Millimeter Waves by Field Focusing Applied to Breast Cancer Detection

Author: I. Iliopoulos, Marco Pasian, Ronan Sauleau, Maxim Zhadobov, Simona Di Meo, Mauro Ettorre, Luca Perregrini, Patrick Potier, Philippe Pouliguen, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Délégation générale de l'armement (DGA), Ministère de la Défense, University of Pavia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, French Region of Brittany Ministry of Higher Education and Research, Rennes Mtropole and Conseil Dpartemental 35, European Union European Regional Development Fund, Direction Genrale de lArmement, Italian Association for Cancer Research and the European Institute of Oncology, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Diagnostic Imaging, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Acoustics, Electromagnetic power, Radial Line Slot Arrays, Physics::Medical Physics, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Breast Neoplasms, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 02 engineering and technology, Lossy compression, Breast cancer, Breast Cancer, medicine, Humans, Breast, Physics, Phantoms, Imaging, Millimeter Waves, Penetration (firestop), Experimental validation, medicine.disease, 020601 biomedical engineering, Convex optimization, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph], Female, Millimeter, Near-Field Optimization, Electromagnetic Phenomena, Microwave Imaging
Abstract: International audience; Objective - The potentialities of improving the penetration of millimeter waves for breast cancer imaging are here explored. Methods - A field focusing technique based on a convex optimization method is proposed, capable of increasing the field level inside a breast-emulating stratification. Results - The theoretical results are numerically validated via the design and simulation of two circularly polarized antennas. The experimental validation of the designed antennas, using tissue-mimicking phantoms, is provided, being in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Conclusion - The possibility of focusing, within a lossy medium, the electromagnetic power at millimeter-wave frequencies is demonstrated. Significance - Field focusing can be a key for using millimeter waves for breast cancer detection.
Published: 2021

29. Comparing governments’ efficiency at supplying income redistribution

Author: Fabio Padovano, Francesco Scervini, Gilberto Turati, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt), Padovano, F., Scervini, F., Turati, G., Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), and Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Sociology and Political Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Supply side, Politics, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation, 0502 economics and business, 050602 political science & public administration, Settore SECS-P/03 - SCIENZA DELLE FINANZE, Political and economic institutions, 050207 economics, Empirical evidence, Rent-seeking, media_common, Demand side, Public economics, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, Institutional economics, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty/I.I3.I38 - Government Policy • Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs, Ex ante and ex post Gini coefficients, Redistribution (cultural anthropology), [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H1 - Structure and Scope of Government/H.H1.H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government, 0506 political science, Philosophy, Ex ante and ex post Gini coefficient, Redistribution, 8. Economic growth, Political and economic institution, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies/H.H5.H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs, Redistribution of income and wealth, Law
Abstract: International audience; We examine whether and to what extent political institutions explain different performances in income redistribution across countries. After reviewing the available data sources, the measures of income redistribution and the traditional demand side explanations of redistribution, we focus our analysis on supply side factors, like political and economic institutions, rent seeking processes and the resources and instruments available for redistribution. We provide robust empirical evidence on the association between these different factors and the observed degree of redistribution. Our analysis supports the view that-for a given demand of redistribution-political and economic institutions contribute to explain differences across countries in the observed degree of redistribution.
Published: 2020

30. Shedding X-ray Light on the Role of Magnesium in the Activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Salicylate Synthase (MbtI) for Drug Design

Author: Arianna Gelain, Fiorella Meneghetti, Josè Camilla Sammartino, Giulio Poli, Elena Pini, Stefania Villa, Laurent R. Chiarelli, Marco Bellinzoni, Giovanni Stelitano, Alessio Porta, Giangiacomo Beretta, Tiziano Tuccinardi, M. Mori, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Università degli Studi di Pavia, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Microbiologie structurale - Structural Microbiology (Microb. Struc. (UMR_3528 / U-Pasteur_5)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), This work was funded by University of Milan (Linea B) and the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR): Dipartimenti di Eccellenza Program (2018–2022) - Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia. Partial support was also provided by institutional grants from Institut Pasteur and CNRS., Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Models, Molecular, Siderophore, MESH: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Protein Conformation, MESH: Drug Design, Crystallography, X-Ray, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Protein Conformation, MESH: Structure-Activity Relationship, Models, MESH: Magnesium, Drug Discovery, Magnesium, Ternary complex, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Crystallography, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], biology, ATP synthase, 3. Good health, Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, MESH: Models, Molecular, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Lyases, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Cofactor, Article, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Structure-Activity Relationship, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Structure–activity relationship, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Rational design, Molecular, MESH: Crystallography, X-Ray, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Lyases, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Enzyme, chemistry, Drug Design, X-Ray, biology.protein, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Abstract: International audience; The Mg2+-dependent Mycobacterium tuberculosis salicylate synthase (MbtI) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of siderophores. Because iron is essential for the survival and pathogenicity of the microorganism, this protein constitutes an attractive target for antitubercular therapy, also considering the absence of homologous enzymes in mammals. An extension of the structure-activity relationships of our furan-based candidates allowed us to disclose the most potent competitive inhibitor known to date (10, Ki = 4 μM), which also proved effective on mycobacterial cultures. By structural studies, we characterized its unexpected Mg2+-independent binding mode. We also investigated the role of the Mg2+ cofactor in catalysis, analyzing the first crystal structure of the MbtI-Mg2+-salicylate ternary complex. Overall, these results pave the way for the development of novel antituberculars through the rational design of improved MbtI inhibitors.
Published: 2020

31. The EHA Research Roadmap

Author: Jaffredo, Thierry, Balduini, Alessandra, Bigas, Anna, Bernardi, Rosa, Bonnet, Dominique, Canque, Bruno, Charbord, Pierre, Cumano, Anna, Delwel, Ruud, Durand, Charles, Fibbe, Willem, Forrester, Lesley, De Franceschi, Lucia, Ghevaert, Cedric, Gjertsen, Bjørn, Gottgens, Berthold, Graf, Thomas, Heidenreich, Olaf, Hermine, Olivier, Higgs, Douglas, Kleanthous, Marina, Klump, Hannes, Kouskoff, Valerie, Krause, Daniela, Lacaud, George, Celso, Cristina Lo, Martens, Joost H.A., Méndez-Ferrer, Simón, Menendez, Pablo, Oostendorp, Robert, Philipsen, Sjaak, Porse, Bo, Raaijmakers, Marc, Robin, Catherine, Stunnenberg, Henk, Theilgaard-Mönch, Kim, Touw, Ivo, Vainchenker, William, Corrons, Joan-Lluis Vives, Yvernogeau, Laurent, Schuringa, Jan Jacob, Celso, Cristina, Martens, Joost, Schuringa, Jan, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement [IBPS] (LBD), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], The Francis Crick Institute [London], Immunologie humaine, physiopathologie & immunothérapie (HIPI (UMR_S_976 / U976)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis - Hématologie Immunologie Oncologie (Département de recherche de l’UFR de médecine, ex- Institut Universitaire Hématologie-IUH) (IRSL), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Lymphopoïèse (Lymphopoïèse (UMR_1223 / U1223 / U-Pasteur_4)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden, University of Edinburgh, Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen (UiB), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology [Utrecht, Netherlands], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), John Radcliffe Hospital [Oxford University Hospital], Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Essen [Universität Duisburg-Essen] (Uniklinik Essen), University of Manchester [Manchester], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Imperial College London, Radboud University [Nijmegen], NHSBT, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Hubrecht Institute [Utrecht, Netherlands], University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Dynamique moléculaire de la transformation hématopoïétique (Dynamo), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique (LIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement [Paris] (LBD), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Ghevaert, Cedric [0000-0002-9251-0934], Gottgens, Berthold [0000-0001-6302-5705], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL)
Subjects: Medizin, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Bioinformatics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, SINGLE-CELL, REVEALS, Medicine, Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, DAMAGE, 0303 health sciences, VASCULAR NICHE, business.industry, ORIGIN, Normal hematopoiesis, Hematology, 3. Good health, ddc, MODEL, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Perspective, RC633-647.5, business, COMMITMENT, STEM-CELLS
Abstract: International audience; In 2016, the European Hematology Association (EHA) published the EHA Roadmap for European Hematology Research1 aiming to highlight achievements in the diagnostics and treatment of blood disorders, and to better inform European policy makers and other stakeholders about the urgent clinical and scientific needs and priorities in the field of hematology. Each section was coordinated by 1–2 section editors who were leading international experts in the field. In the 5 years that have followed, advances in the field of hematology have been plentiful. As such, EHA is pleased to present an updated Research Roadmap, now including 11 sections, each of which will be published separately. The updated EHA Research Roadmap identifies the most urgent priorities in hematology research and clinical science, therefore supporting a more informed, focused, and ideally a more funded future for European hematology research. The 11 EHA Research Roadmap sections include Normal Hematopoiesis; Malignant Lymphoid Diseases; Malignant Myeloid Diseases; Anemias and Related Diseases; Platelet Disorders; Blood Coagulation and Hemostatic Disorders; Transfusion Medicine; Infections in Hematology; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; CAR-T and Other Cell-based Immune Therapies; and Gene Therapy.
Published: 2021

32. Astrocytic VMAT2 in the developing prefrontal cortex is required for normal grooming behavior in mice

Author: Bianca Maria Bondiolotti, P. Bezzi, Nicole Déglon, Alicia Molinero Perez, Luca Pucci, Corrado Calì, Francesco Petrelli, Jean-Pierre Mothet, Tamara Zehnder, Glenn Dallérac, Lorenzo Magrassi, Bruno Giros, Fulvio Magara, Linda D. Simmler, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), University of Rome la Sapienza, Departement of internal medicine and laboratory of gene expression, Dallérac, Glenn, Lausanne University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Università degli Studi di Pavia, and University of Geneva [Switzerland]
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Striatum, AMPA receptor, Biology, Vesicular monoamine transporter 2, Phenotype, behavioral disciplines and activities, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, nervous system, Dopamine, Obsessive compulsive, medicine, biology.protein, NMDA receptor, Prefrontal cortex, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, psychological phenomena and processes, 030304 developmental biology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Astrocytes control synaptic activity by modulating peri-synaptic concentrations of ion and neurotransmitters including dopamine and, as such, can be critically involved in the modulation of some aspect of mammalian behavior. Here we report that genetic mouse model with a reduced medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dopamine levels, arising from astrocyte-specific conditional deletion of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2; aVMTA2cKO mice) shows excessive grooming and anxiety-like behaviour. The VMAT2cKO mice also develop a synaptic pathology, expressed through increased relative AMPA vs. NMDA receptor currents in synapses of the dorsal striatum receiving inputs from the mPFC. Importantly, behavioural and synaptic phenotypes are prevented by reexpression of mPFC VMAT2, showing that the deficits are driven by mPFC astrocytes. By analysing human tissue samples, we found that VMAT2 is expressed in human mPFC astrocytes, corroborating the potential translational relevance of our observations in mice. Our study shows that impairments of the astrocytic-control of dopamine in the mPFC has a profound impact on circuit function and behaviours, which resemble symptoms of anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
Published: 2021

33. Régularisation faible par un bruit de Lévy dégénéré et applications

Author: Marino, Lorenzo, Dipartimento di Matematica 'Felice Casorati' Department of Mathematics [Univ Pavia] (UNIPV), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d'Evry (LaMME), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-ENSIIE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Università degli studi di Milano - Bicocca, Stéphane Menozzi, Enrico Priola, Dipartimento di Matematica - Università di Pavia, and Università degli Studi di Pavia
Subjects: Processus de Lévy, Équations dégénérées de Kolmogorov, EDOs mal posées, Ill posed ODEs, Méthodes de la parametrix, Parametrix methods, Kolmogorov degenerate equations, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [MATH.MATH-GM]Mathematics [math]/General Mathematics [math.GM], Lévy processes, Estimées de Schauder pour opérateurs intégro-Différentiels, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Solutions faibles via régularisations, Weak solutions through noise regularization, Schauder estimates for integro-Differential operators
Abstract: After a general introduction about the regularization by noise phenomenon in the degenerate setting, the first part of this thesis focuses at establishing the Schauder estimates, a useful analytical tool to prove also the well-posedness of stochastic differential equations (SDEs), for two different classes of Kolmogorov equations under a weak Hörmander-like condition, whose coefficients lie in suitable anisotropic Hölder spaces with multi-indices of regularity. The first class considers a nonlinear system controlled by a symmetric stable operator acting only on some components. Our method of proof relies on a perturbative approach based on forward parametrix expansions through Duhamel-type formulas. Due to the low regularizing properties given by the degenerate setting, we also exploit some controls on Besov norms, in order to deal with the non-linear perturbation. As an extension of the first one, we also present Schauder estimates associated with a degenerate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator driven by a larger class of stable-like operators, like the relativistic or the Lamperti stable one. The proof of this result relies instead on a precise analysis of the behaviour of the associated Markov semigroup between anisotropic Hölder spaces and some interpolation techniques.Exploiting a backward parametrix approach, the second part of this thesis aims at establishing the well-posedness in a weak sense of a degenerate chain of SDEs driven by the same class of stable-like processes, under the assumptions of the minimal Hölder regularity on the coefficients. As a by-product of our method, we also present Krylov-type estimates of independent interest for the associated canonical process. Finally, we emphasize through suitable counter-examples that there exists indeed an (almost) sharp threshold on the regularity exponents ensuring the weak well-posedness for the SDE.In connection with some mechanical applications for kinetic dynamics with friction, we conclude by investigating the stability of second-order perturbations for degenerate Kolmogorov operators in Lp and Hölder norms.; Après une introduction générale sur le phénomène de régularisation par le bruit dans le cadre dégénéré, la première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'obtention d'estimées de Schauder, un outil analytique utile pour établir le caractère bien posé des équations différentielles stochastiques (EDS), pour deux différents classes d'équations de Kolmogorov sous une condition de type Hörmander faible, dont les coefficients appartiennent à des espaces de Holder anisotropes appropriés avec des multi-indices de régularité. La première classe considère un système non linéaire dirigé par un opérateur stable symétrique agissant uniquement sur certaines composantes. Notre méthode de preuve repose sur une approche perturbative basée sur des développements parametrix progressifs par des formules de type Duhamel. En raison des faibles propriétés de régularisation données par le cadre dégénéré, nous exploitons également certains contrôles sur les normes de Besov, afin de traiter la perturbation non-linéaire.Dans le prolongement de la première, nous présentons également les estimées de Schauder pour un opérateur dégénéré d'Ornstein-Uhlenbeck associé à une classe plus large d'opérateurs de type stable, comme l'opérateur stable relativiste ou de Lamperti. La preuve de ce résultat repose plutôt sur une analyse précise du comportement du semi-groupe de Markov correspondante entre les espaces de Hölder anisotropes et quelques techniques d'interpolation.En exploitant une approche parametrix rétrograde, la deuxième partie de cette thèse cherche à établir le caractère bien-posé au sens faible d'une chaîne dégénérée de EDS dirigées par la même classe de processus de type stable, sous des hypothèses de régularité de Hölder minimale sur les coefficients. Comme corollaire de notre méthode, nous présentons également des estimations de type Krylov d'intérêt indépendant pour le processus canonique sous-jacent. Enfin, nous soulignons à travers des contre-exemples appropriés qu'il existe bien un seuil (presque) optimal sur les exposants de régularité assurant le caractère faiblement bien posé pour l'EDS.En lien avec quelques applications mécaniques pour des dynamiques cinétique avec frottement, nous concluons en étudiant la stabilité des perturbations du second ordre pour des opérateurs de Kolmogorov dégénérés en normes Lp et Hölder.
Published: 2021

34. Poisson process and sharp constants in Lp and Schauder estimates for a class of degenerate Kolmogorov operators

Author: Marino, L., Menozzi, S., Priola, E., Dipartimento di Matematica - Università di Pavia, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d'Evry (LaMME), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-ENSIIE-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Research University Higher School of Economics [Moscow] (HSE), Dipartimento di Matematica 'Felice Casorati' Department of Mathematics [Univ Pavia] (UNIPV), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), and Vysšaja škola èkonomiki = National Research University Higher School of Economics [Moscow] (HSE)
Subjects: Schauder estimates, multidimensional parabolic equations, General Mathematics, Probability (math.PR), Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs, Poisson process. MSC: Primary: 35K10, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 35K15, Degenerate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], L p and Sobolev-space estimates, Mathematics - Probability, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: We consider a possibly degenerate Kolmogorov-Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator of the form L = Tr(BD 2) + Az, D , where A, B are N x N matrices, z $\in$ R N , N $\ge$ 1, which satisfy the Kalman condition which is equivalent to the hypoellipticity condition. We prove the following stability result: the Schauder and Sobolev estimates associated with the corresponding parabolic Cauchy problem remain valid, with the same constant, for the parabolic Cauchy problem associated with a second order perturbation of L, namely for L + Tr(S(t)D 2) where S(t) is a non-negative N x N matrix depending continuously on t $\ge$ 0. Our approach relies on the perturbative technique based on the Poisson process introduced in [15].
Published: 2021

35. An open science pathway for drug marketing authorization-Registered drug approval

Author: Ioana A. Cristea, Erick H. Turner, Rémy Boussageon, Maximilian Siebert, Florian Naudet, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Health Research Alliance, PLOS, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Università degli Studi di Pavia
Subjects: Drug marketing, Open science, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, Authorization, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Drug approval, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical emergency, business, health care economics and organizations
Abstract: International audience; Florian Naudet and co-authors propose a pathway involving registered criteria for evaluation and approval of new drugs.
Published: 2021

36. Suppression of Parasitic Nonlinear Processes in Spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing with Linearly Uncoupled Resonators

Author: Francesco Garrisi, Marco Liscidini, Houssein El Dirani, John E. Sipe, Erwine Pargon, Camille Petit-Etienne, Davide Grassani, Laurene Youssef, Daniele Bajoni, Matteo Galli, Federico Andrea Sabattoli, Corrado Sciancalepore, L. Zatti, Dipartimento di Fisica = Department of Physics [Univ Pavia] (UNIPV), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Laboratoire des technologies de la microélectronique (LTM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Toronto, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Dipartimento di Fisica [Pavia], and Università degli Studi di Pavia
Subjects: Physics, Photon, General Physics and Astronomy, Ring (chemistry), 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Noise (electronics), 010309 optics, Nonlinear system, Resonator, Four-wave mixing, Orders of magnitude (time), 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 010306 general physics, Mixing (physics)
Abstract: International audience; We report an enhancement of over 10 4 in the signal-to-noise ratio characterizing the generation of identical photon pairs in a ring resonator system. Parasitic noise, associated with single pump spontaneous four-wave mixing, is essentially eliminated by employing a novel system design involving two resonators that are linearly uncoupled but nonlinearly coupled. This opens the way to a new class of integrated devices exploiting the unique properties of identical photon pairs in the same optical mode.
Published: 2021

37. Author Correction: Improved reference genome of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus

Author: Pascal Miesen, Rebecca Halbach, Omar S. Akbari, Philippos Aris Papathanos, Elisa Pischedda, Ronald P. van Rij, Flavia Krsticevic, Françoise Thibaud-Nissen, Atashi Sharma, Arang Rhie, Luciano V. Cosme, Michele Marconcini, Zhijian Tu, Anna-Bella Failloux, Jeffrey R. Powell, Maria V. Sharakhova, James K. Biedler, Jacob E. Crawford, Reem A. Masri, Sergey Koren, D. A. Karagodin, Igor Antoshechkin, Jeremy Jenrette, Stephanie Gamez, Adam M. Phillippy, Umberto Palatini, Adalgisa Caccone, Mariangela Bonizzoni, J. Spencer Johnston, Patrick Masterson, Jay Ghurye, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Yale University [New Haven], National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Texas A&M University [College Station], Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Nijmegen, the Netherlands], Verily Life Sciences Inc, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Tomsk State University [Tomsk], Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and University of California (UC)
Subjects: Aedes albopictus, QH301-705.5, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Computational biology, Mosquito Vectors, Biology, QH426-470, Chromosomes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genome Size, Aedes, Genetics, Animals, RNA, Small Interfering, Biology (General), Author Correction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Genome, Immunity, Chromosome Mapping, biology.organism_classification, Human genetics, 3. Good health, Insect Vectors, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Vector (epidemiology), [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Transcriptome, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Arboviruses, Reference genome
Abstract: The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is globally expanding and has become the main vector for human arboviruses in Europe. With limited antiviral drugs and vaccines available, vector control is the primary approach to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. A reliable and accurate DNA sequence of the Ae. albopictus genome is essential to develop new approaches that involve genetic manipulation of mosquitoes.We use long-read sequencing methods and modern scaffolding techniques (PacBio, 10X, and Hi-C) to produce AalbF2, a dramatically improved assembly of the Ae. albopictus genome. AalbF2 reveals widespread viral insertions, novel microRNAs and piRNA clusters, the sex-determining locus, and new immunity genes, and enables genome-wide studies of geographically diverse Ae. albopictus populations and analyses of the developmental and stage-dependent network of expression data. Additionally, we build the first physical map for this species with 75% of the assembled genome anchored to the chromosomes.The AalbF2 genome assembly represents the most up-to-date collective knowledge of the Ae. albopictus genome. These resources represent a foundation to improve understanding of the adaptation potential and the epidemiological relevance of this species and foster the development of innovative control measures.
Published: 2021

38. Weak well-posedness for degenerate SDEs driven by Lévy processes

Author: Marino, L., Menozzi, S., Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d'Evry (LaMME), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-ENSIIE-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Laboratory of Stochastic Analysis and its Applications [Moscow], Vysšaja škola èkonomiki = National Research University Higher School of Economics [Moscow] (HSE), Università degli Studi di Pavia, and National Research University Higher School of Economics [Moscow] (HSE)
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, degenerate Lévy driven SDEs, 34F05, Probability (math.PR), 35R09, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Well-posedness of martingale problem, Mathematics - Probability, Peano counterexample. MSC: Primary: 60H10, Secondary: 35K65, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: In this article, we study the effects of the propagation of a non-degenerate L\'evy noise through a chain of deterministic differential equations whose coefficients are H\"older continuous and satisfy a weak H\"ormander-like condition. In particular, we assume some non-degeneracy with respect to the components which transmit the noise. Moreover, we characterize, for some specific dynamics, through suitable counterexamples , the almost sharp regularity exponents that ensure the weak well-posedness for the associated SDE. As a by-product of our approach, we also derive some Krylov-type estimates for the density of the weak solutions of the considered SDE., Comment: 69 pages. From the previous version, we corrected some typos and added some useful remarks
Published: 2021

39. Gene Composition as a Potential Barrier to Large Recombinations in the Bacterial Pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae

Author: Claudio Bandi, Xiaoli Cao, Davide Sassera, Ana Cristina Gales, Sion C. Bayliss, Stefano Pongolini, Sylvain Brisse, Ryoichi Saito, Stefano Gaiarsa, Francesco Comandatore, Edward J. Feil, Erika Scaltriti, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Università degli Studi di Pavia, University of Bath [Bath], Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo [Pavia], Università di Pavia, Nanjing Medical University, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Tokyo Medical and Dental University [Japan] (TMDU), Biodiversité et Epidémiologie des Bactéries pathogènes - Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Work supported by the Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi Foundation., Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Lineage (evolution), Population, MESH: Klebsiella pneumoniae, large recombination, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, MESH: Genome, Bacterial, Genome, Gene flow, chemistry.chemical_compound, 03 medical and health sciences, clonal group 258, Genotype, Genetics, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, education, Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Recombination, Genetic, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Clone Cells, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Clone Cells, Klebsiella Infections, MESH: Klebsiella Infections, chemistry, MESH: Recombination, Genetic, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, DNA, Recombination, Genome, Bacterial, Research Article
Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens world-wide, being responsible for frequent hospital outbreaks and causing sepsis and multi-organ infections with a high mortality rate and frequent hospital outbreaks. The most prevalent and widely disseminated lineage of K. pneumoniae is clonal group 258 (CG258), which includes the highly resistant “high-risk” genotypes ST258 and ST11. Recent studies revealed that very large recombination events have occurred during the recent emergence of Kp lineages. A striking example is provided by ST258, which has undergone a recombination event that replaced over 1 Mb of the genome with DNA from an unrelated Kp donor. Although several examples of this phenomenon have been documented in Kp and other bacterial species, the significance of these very large recombination events for the emergence of either hyper-virulent or resistant clones remains unclear. Here we present an analysis of 834 Kp genomes that provides data on the frequency of these very large recombination events (defined as those involving >100Kb), their distribution within the genome, and the dynamics of gene flow within the Kp population. We note that very large recombination events occur frequently, and in multiple lineages, and that the majority of recombinational exchanges are clustered within two overlapping genomic regions, which result to be involved by recombination events with different frequencies. Our results also indicate that certain non-CG258 lineages are more likely to act as donors to CG258 recipients than others. Furthermore, comparison of gene content in CG258 and non-CG258 strains agrees with this pattern, suggesting that the success of a large recombination depends on gene composition in the exchanged genomic portion.Author SummaryKlebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, a major cause of deadly infections and outbreaks in hospitals worldwide. This bacterium is able to exchange large genomic portions (up to a fourth of the entire genome) within a single recombination event. Indeed, the most epidemiologically important Kp clone, is actually a hybrid which emerged after a > 1Mb recombination event. In this work, we investigated how recombinations affected the evolution of the most studied Kp Clonal Group, CG258. We found that large recombinations occurred frequently during Kp evolution, and occurred preferentially in a well-delimited genomic region. Furthermore, we found that four epidemiologically important clones emerged after large recombinations. We identified the donors of several large recombinations: despite many Kp lineages acted as donors during CG258 evolution, two of them have been involved more frequently. We hypothesize that the observed pattern of donors-recipients in recombinations, and the presence of a large recombinogenic region in Kp genome, could be related to gene composition. Indeed, genomic analyses showed a pattern compatible with this hypothesis, suggesting that gene content can represent a main factor in the success of a large recombination.
Published: 2019

40. Genome-wide analysis of Corsican population reveals a close affinity with Northern and Central Italy

Author: Luísa Pereira, Alena Kushniarevich, Julie Di Cristofaro, Erwan Pennarun, Mait Metspalu, Stéphane Mazières, Erika Tamm, Jacques Chiaroni, Francesco Montinaro, Alessandro Raveane, Ornella Semino, Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tartu, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
Subjects: Population Dynamics, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Population, Genome wide analysis, lcsh:Medicine, Mediterranean Basin, Genome, White People, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Africa, Northern, Gene Frequency, Italy / ethnology, Genetic variation, Humans, Selection, Genetic, education, lcsh:Science, European Continental Ancestry Group / genetics, Whole Genome Sequencing / methods, Allele frequency, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Whole Genome Sequencing, 030305 genetics & heredity, Haplotype, lcsh:R, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Publisher Correction, language.human_language, Genetics, Population, Geography, Italy, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, language, France / ethnology, lcsh:Q, France, European Continental Ancestry Group / ethnology, Genetic isolate, Corsican, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Despite being the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean basin, the genetic variation of Corsica has not been explored as exhaustively as Sardinia, which is situated only 11 km South. However, it is likely that the populations of the two islands shared, at least in part, similar demographic histories. Moreover, the relative small size of the Corsica may have caused genetic isolation, which, in turn, might be relevant under medical and translational perspectives. Here we analysed genome wide data of 16 Corsicans, and integrated with newly (33 individuals) and previously generated samples from West Eurasia and North Africa. Allele frequency, haplotype-based, and ancient genome analyses suggest that although Sardinia and Corsica may have witnessed similar isolation and migration events, the latter is genetically closer to populations from continental Europe, such as Northern and Central Italians. We thank all volunteers who donated their DNA samples. We would like to thank Bayazit Yunusbayev for helpful discussions, Viljo Soo for his help in genotyping and Tuuli Reisberg for assistance in data management. Computational analyses were performed at the High Performance Computing Center of the University of Tartu. This research was supported by institutional research funding IUT (IUT24-1) of the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (ET, EP); the Estonian Research Council grants PUT (PRG243) (EP, MM) and PUT (PUT1339) (AK); the European Union through the European Regional Development Funds with projects No. 2014-2020.4.01.16-0030 (MM, FM) and No. 2014-2020.4.01.15-0012 (MM); the European Union through Horizon 2020 grant no. 810645 (MM); the University of Pavia strategic theme “Towards a governance model for international migration: an interdisciplinary and diachronic perspective” (MIGRAT-IN-G) (OS); the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR): Dipartimenti di Eccellenza Program (2018–2022), Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia (AR and OS).
Published: 2019

41. Exponential convergence towards consensus for non-symmetric linear first-order systems in finite and infinite dimensions

Author: Laurent Boudin, Francesco Salvarani, Emmanuel Trélat, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Pôle Universitaire Léonard de Vinci (PULV), Dipartimento di matematica F. Casorati, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Control And GEometry (CaGE ), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR-14-ACHN-0030,Kimega,Modélisation cinétique de jeux à champs moyen(2014), ANR-20-CE40-0009,TRECOS,Nouvelles directions en contrôle et stabilisation: Contraintes et termes non-locaux(2020), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Università degli Studi di Pavia, and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Computer Science::Multiagent Systems, Computational Mathematics, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Computer Science::Systems and Control, Applied Mathematics, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: International audience; We consider finite and infinite-dimensional first-order consensus systems with timeconstant interaction coefficients. For symmetric coefficients, convergence to consensus is classically established by proving, for instance, that the usual variance is an exponentially decreasing Lyapunov function. We investigate here the convergence to consensus in the non-symmetric case: we identify a positive weight which allows to define a weighted mean corresponding to the consensus, and obtain exponential convergence towards consensus. Moreover, we compute the sharp exponential decay rate.
Published: 2021

42. The Future of Sensitivity Analysis: An Essential Discipline for Systems Modelling and Policy Making

Author: Takuya Iwanaga, Saman Razavi, Hoshin V. Gupta, Clémentine Prieur, Joseph H. A. Guillaume, Elmar Plischke, Xifu Sun, John D. Jakeman, Anthony Jakeman, Holger R. Maier, Bertrand Iooss, Stefan Smith, Vincent Chabridon, Samuele Lo Piano, Nasim Hosseini, Masoud Asadzadeh, Qingyun Duan, R. Sheikholeslami, William E. Becker, Emanuele Borgonovo, Arnald Puy, Stefano Tarantola, Andrea Saltelli, Sergei Kucherenko, Giovanni Rabitti, Nicola Melillo, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University (ANU), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UOC), Méthodes d'Analyse Stochastique des Codes et Traitements Numériques (GdR MASCOT-NUM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathematics and computing applied to oceanic and atmospheric flows (AIRSEA), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Performance, Risque Industriel, Surveillance pour la Maintenance et l’Exploitation (EDF R&D PRISME), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Bocconi University [Milan, Italy], Clausthal University of Technology (TU Clausthal), University of Reading (UOR), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Sandia National Laboratories [Albuquerque] (SNL), Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation, University of Arizona, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering [Pavia], University of Pavia, Department of Actuarial Mathematics and Statistics [Edinburgh], Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), Hohai University, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Princeton], Princeton University, University of Bergen (UiB), Imperial College London, University of Adelaide, Chercheur indépendant, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), University of Oxford, University of South Australia [Adelaide], School of Environment and Sustainability, Department of Decision Sciences, Bocconi University, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Università degli Studi di Pavia, COLLEGE OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES HOHAI UNIVERSITY NANJING CHN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Environmental Change Institute, Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, and School of Civil Environmental and Mining Engineering [Adelaide]
Subjects: Warrant, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Management science, Ecological Modeling, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Systems modeling, 01 natural sciences, Structuring, 020801 environmental engineering, Variety (cybernetics), Multidisciplinary approach, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Uncertainty quantification, Software, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Sensitivity analysis (SA) is en route to becoming an integral part of mathematical modeling. The tremendous potential benefits of SA are, however, yet to be fully realized, both for advancing mechanistic and data-driven modeling of human and natural systems, and in support of decision making. In this perspective paper, a multidisciplinary group of researchers and practitioners revisit the current status of SA, and outline research challenges in regard to both theoretical frameworks and their applications to solve real-world problems. Six areas are discussed that warrant further attention, including (1) structuring and standardizing SA as a discipline, (2) realizing the untapped potential of SA for systems modeling, (3) addressing the computational burden of SA, (4) progressing SA in the context of machine learning, (5) clarifying the relationship and role of SA to uncertainty quantification, and (6) evolving the use of SA in support of decision making. An outlook for the future of SA is provided that underlines how SA must underpin a wide variety of activities to better serve science and society.
Published: 2021

43. Differential Expression of Interferon-Alpha Protein Provides Clues to Tissue Specificity Across Type I Interferonopathies

Author: Alice Hadchouel, Odile Boespflug-Tanguy, Eric Jeziorski, Thomas Blauwblomme, Buthaina Al Adba, Alice Lepelley, Isabelle Desguerre, Gillian I. Rice, Edwin Carter, Véronique Hentgen, Christine Bodemer, Lorenzo Lodi, Sandrine Passemard, Yanick J. Crow, Marie Hully, Fanny Mochel, Camille Ducrocq, Magalie Barth, Jay Shetty, Brigitte Bader-Meunier, Isabelle Melki, Florence Renaldo, Vincent Bondet, Miguel Hie, Marie Pouletty, Russell C. Dale, Romain Lévy, Pierre Ellul, Simona Orcesi, Bénédicte Neven, Cécile Dumaine, Luis Seabra, Darragh Duffy, Fabienne Dulieu, Marie-Louise Frémond, Stéphane Blanche, Rainer Seidl, Maria José Martin-Niclos, Pierre Quartier, Laboratory of neurogenetics and neuroinflammation (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria A. Meyer [Firenze, Italy], AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Immunologie Translationnelle - Translational Immunology lab, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), University of Manchester [Manchester], University of Edinburgh, Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar], MitoVasc - Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurochirurgie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Service de dermatologie [CHU Necker], The University of Sydney, Service de neurologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice Lenval (CHU-Lenval), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department [AP- HP Hôpital Robert Debré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Immunologie - Immunopathologie - Immunothérapie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (I3), CHU Charles Foix [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Pneumologie Allergologie [CHU Necker], Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Département Pédiatrie [CHRU Montpellier], Pôle Femme Mère Enfant [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondazione 'Istituto Neurologico Nazionale C. Mondino', Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Royal Hospital for Sick Children [Edinburgh], Y.J.C. acknowledges the European Research Council (GA309449 and 786142-E-T1IFNs) and a state subsidy managed by the National Research Agency (France) under the ‘Investments for the Future’ programme bearing the reference ANR-10-IAHU-01. The project was supported by MSDAVENIR (Devo-Decode Project). Y.J.C. and D.D. acknowledge the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant CE17001002)., ANR-10-IAHU-0001,Imagine,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine(2010), European Project: 309449,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111109,T1-IFN(2013), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Centre National de Référence du Lupus Systémique, Syndrome des Anticorps Anti-phospholipides et Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], Service de Médecine Interne 2, maladies auto-immunes et systémiques [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Institut E3M [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut E3M [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), UF Neurométabolique Bioclinique et Génétique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut E3M [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Immunology, Central nervous system, Alpha interferon, Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, cerebrospinal fluid, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Medical microbiology, Downregulation and upregulation, systemic lupus erythematosus, Interferon, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Child, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Infant, Interferon-alpha, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Hydrocephalus, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, Organ Specificity, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Interferon Type I, Mutation, Aicardi–Goutières syndrome, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, Disease Susceptibility, STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy, business, 030215 immunology, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Whilst upregulation of type I interferon (IFN) signaling is common across the type I interferonopathies (T1Is), central nervous system (CNS) involvement varies between these disorders, the basis of which remains unclear. We collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from patients with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI), presumed monogenic T1Is (pT1I), childhood systemic lupus erythematosus with neuropsychiatric features (nSLE), non-IFN-related autoinflammation (AI) and non-inflammatory hydrocephalus (as controls). We measured IFN-alpha protein using digital ELISA. Eighty-two and 63 measurements were recorded respectively in CSF and serum of 42 patients and 6 controls. In an intergroup comparison (taking one sample per individual), median CSF IFN-alpha levels were elevated in AGS, SAVI, pT1I, and nSLE compared to AI and controls, with levels highest in AGS compared to all other groups. In AGS, CSF IFN-alpha concentrations were higher than in paired serum samples. In contrast, serum IFN was consistently higher compared to CSF levels in SAVI, pT1I, and nSLE. Whilst IFN-alpha is present in the CSF and serum of all IFN-related diseases studied here, our data suggest the primary sites of IFN production in the monogenic T1I AGS and SAVI are, respectively, the CNS and the periphery. These results inform the diagnosis of, and future therapeutic approaches to, monogenic and multifactorial T1Is.
Published: 2021

44. The seed germination spectrum of alpine plants: a global meta‐analysis

Author: Filip Vandelook, Lohengrin A. Cavieres, Peter Poschlod, Arne Saatkamp, Efisio Mattana, Adrienne B. Nicotra, Angelino Carta, Sergey Rosbakh, Susanna Venn, Haiyan Bu, Eduardo Fernández-Pascual, Kun Liu, Andrea Mondoni, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Verónica F. Briceño, Lydia K. Guja, Karen D. Sommerville, Annisa Satyanti, Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Drought stress, Physiology, seed germination, Germination, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, alternating temperature, 03 medical and health sciences, ALTITUDE, cold stratification, HABITAT, TEMPERATURE, Overwintering, alpine, embryo endosperm ratio, light germination, seed dormancy, seed mass, Plant Dormancy, Plants, Temperature, Seeds, Science & Technology, CLIMATE-CHANGE, DORMANCY, COLD-STRATIFICATION, SPECIES RICHNESS, Plant Sciences, R-PACKAGE, Seed dormancy, Tropics, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 030104 developmental biology, Stratification (seeds), Habitat, Agronomy, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, PHACELIA-SECUNDA HYDROPHYLLACEAE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, TRAITS, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Assumptions about the germination ecology of alpine plants are presently based on individual species and local studies. A current challenge is to synthesise, at the global level, the alpine seed ecological spectrum. We performed a meta-analysis of primary data from laboratory experiments conducted across four continents (excluding the tropics) and 661 species, to estimate the influence of six environmental cues on germination proportion, mean germination time and germination synchrony; accounting for seed morphology (mass, embryo : seed ratio) and phylogeny. Most alpine plants show physiological seed dormancy, a strong need for cold stratification, warm-cued germination and positive germination responses to light and alternating temperatures. Species restricted to the alpine belt have a higher preference for warm temperatures and a stronger response to cold stratification than species whose distribution extends also below the treeline. Seed mass, embryo size and phylogeny have strong constraining effects on germination responses to the environment. Globally, overwintering and warm temperatures are key drivers of germination in alpine habitats. The interplay between germination physiology and seed morphological traits further reflects pressures to avoid frost or drought stress. Our results indicate the convergence, at the global level, of the seed germination patterns of alpine species. ispartof: NEW PHYTOLOGIST vol:229 issue:6 pages:3573-3586 ispartof: location:England status: published
Published: 2021

45. Quality assurance for the use of computational methods in dosimetry: activities of EURADOS Working Group 6 'Computational Dosimetry

Author: Carles Domingo, Valentin Blideanu, Hans Rabus, Lara Struelens, Jose-Maria Gomez-Ros, Giorgio Baiocco, Paolo Ferrari, Maria Zankl, Richard Tanner, Barbara Caccia, Jonathan Eakins, Christelle Huet, Hrvoje Brkić, Tomas Vrba, Carmen Villagrasa, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [Berlin] (PTB), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LDRI, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Public Health England [Didcot], Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), Laboratoire de dosimétrie des rayonnements ionisants (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LDRI), Service de dosimétrie (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SDOS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), and Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)
Subjects: numerical phantom, Computer science, Best practice, Monte Carlo method, anthropomorphic phantom, computational benchmark, neutron spectrum, quality assurance, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Radiation Dosage, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, computational methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Computational methods, dosimetry, ionizing radiation, Benchmark (surveying), experimental benchmark, Dosimetry, European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS), Computational Methods, Ionizing Radiation, Quality Assurance, Radiometry, Waste Management and Disposal, Monte Carlo, Neutrons, Scope (project management), business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Particle transport, General Medicine, simulation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Cross-Sectional Studies, metrology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, radioactivity, Systems engineering, radiation effects, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph], Radiation protection, business, Monte Carlo Method, Quality assurance, Knowledge transfer, radiation protection
Abstract: Working Group (WG) 6 ‘Computational Dosimetry’ of the European Radiation Dosimetry Group promotes good practice in the application of computational methods for radiation dosimetry in radiation protection and the medical use of ionising radiation. Its cross-sectional activities within the association cover a large range of current topics in radiation dosimetry, including more fundamental studies of radiation effects in complex systems. In addition, WG 6 also performs scientific research and development as well as knowledge transfer activities, such as training courses. Monte Carlo techniques, including the use of anthropomorphic and other numerical phantoms based on voxelised geometrical models, play a strong part in the activities pursued in WG 6. However, other aspects and techniques, such as neutron spectra unfolding, have an important role as well. A number of intercomparison exercises have been carried out in the past to provide information on the accuracy with which computational methods are applied and whether best practice is being followed. Within the exercises that are still ongoing, the focus has changed towards assessing the uncertainty that can be achieved with these computational methods. Furthermore, the future strategy of WG 6 also includes an extension of the scope toward experimental benchmark activities and evaluation of cross-sections and algorithms, with the vision of establishing a gold standard for Monte Carlo methods used in medical and radiobiological applications.
Published: 2021

46. Correction: A survey of biomedical journals to detect editorial bias and nepotistic behavior

Author: Scanff, Alexandre, Naudet, Florian, Cristea, Ioana A., Moher, David, Bishop, Dorothy V. M., Locher, Clara, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], University of Oxford, Jonchère, Laurent, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli Studi di Pavia, and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: Research Facilities, Distribution Curves, Biomedical Research, Medical Journals, QH301-705.5, Science Policy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Libraries, Conflicts of Interest, Research and Analysis Methods, Information Centers, Bias, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biology (General), Research Integrity, Scientific Publishing, Behavior, National Library of Medicine (U.S.), Correction, Research Assessment, Probability Theory, United States, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Bibliometrics, Physical Sciences, Citation Analysis, Meta-Research Article, Periodicals as Topic, Medical Humanities, Mathematics, Editorial Policies, Statistical Distributions
Abstract: Alongside the growing concerns regarding predatory journal growth, other questionable editorial practices have gained visibility recently. Among them, we explored the usefulness of the Percentage of Papers by the Most Prolific author (PPMP) and the Gini index (level of inequality in the distribution of authorship among authors) as tools to identify journals that may show favoritism in accepting articles by specific authors. We examined whether the PPMP, complemented by the Gini index, could be useful for identifying cases of potential editorial bias, using all articles in a sample of 5,468 biomedical journals indexed in the National Library of Medicine. For articles published between 2015 and 2019, the median PPMP was 2.9%, and 5% of journal exhibited a PPMP of 10.6% or more. Among the journals with the highest PPMP or Gini index values, where a few authors were responsible for a disproportionate number of publications, a random sample was manually examined, revealing that the most prolific author was part of the editorial board in 60 cases (61%). The papers by the most prolific authors were more likely to be accepted for publication within 3 weeks of their submission. Results of analysis on a subset of articles, excluding nonresearch articles, were consistent with those of the principal analysis. In most journals, publications are distributed across a large number of authors. Our results reveal a subset of journals where a few authors, often members of the editorial board, were responsible for a disproportionate number of publications. To enhance trust in their practices, journals need to be transparent about their editorial and peer review practices., Alongside the growing concerns regarding predatory journal growth, other questionable editorial practices have gained visibility recently. This study explores the relationship between hyper-prolific authors and a journal’s editorial team, finding a subset of journals where a few authors, often members of the editorial board, were responsible for a disproportionate number of publications.
Published: 2021

47. The interferon landscape along the respiratory tract impacts the severity of COVID-19

Author: Riccardo Colombo, Ivan Zanoni, Andreas Wack, Achille Broggi, Nicola Clementi, Tommaso Fossali, Laura Marongiu, Elena Tagliabue, Andrea Bottazzi, Fabio A. Facchini, Sofia Sisti, Janet Chou, Roberto Spreafico, Roberto Ferrarese, Elena Criscuolo, Vanessa Frangipane, Jaclyn M. Long, Federica Meloni, Nicasio Mancini, Sara Bozzini, Stefania Crotta, Benedetta Sposito, Massimo Clementi, Enju Liu, Antonio E. Pontiroli, Laura Pandolfi, Alessandro Ambrosi, Laura Saracino, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), The Francis Crick Institute [London], Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR), Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences - University of california LA, Division of Gastroenterology [Boston, MA, USA], Harvard University-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center [Boston] (BIDMC), Dipartimento di Informatica, Matematica, Elettronica e Trasporti [Reggio Calabria] (DIMET), Universita Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria [Reggio Calabria], Luigi sacco hospital - Division of Anesthesiology and intensive Care, IRCCS Multimedica, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Division of Respiratory Diseases (IRCCS), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV)-San Matteo' Hospital, IRCCS laboratory of medical microbiology and virology Milan, Harvard University [Cambridge]-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center [Boston] (BIDMC), DUMENIL, Anita, Sposito, B, Broggi, A, Pandolfi, L, Crotta, S, Clementi, N, Ferrarese, R, Sisti, S, Criscuolo, E, Spreafico, R, Long, J, Ambrosi, A, Liu, E, Frangipane, V, Saracino, L, Bozzini, S, Marongiu, L, Facchini, F, Bottazzi, A, Fossali, T, Colombo, R, Clementi, M, Tagliabue, E, Chou, J, Pontiroli, A, Meloni, F, Wack, A, Mancini, N, Zanoni, I, Sposito, Benedetta, Broggi, Achille, Pandolfi, Laura, Crotta, Stefania, Clementi, Nicola, Ferrarese, Roberto, Sisti, Sofia, Criscuolo, Elena, Spreafico, Roberto, Long, Jaclyn M., Ambrosi, Alessandro, Liu, Enju, Frangipane, Vanessa, Saracino, Laura, Bozzini, Sara, Marongiu, Laura, Facchini, Fabio A., Bottazzi, Andrea, Fossali, Tommaso, Colombo, Riccardo, Clementi, Massimo, Tagliabue, Elena, Chou, Janet, Pontiroli, Antonio E., Meloni, Federica, Wack, Andrea, Mancini, Nicasio, and Zanoni, Ivan
Subjects: Model organisms, Aging, dendritic cell, pattern recognition receptor, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Respiratory System, Immunology, Type I IFN, Infectious Disease, Biology, Severity of Illness Index, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, lung, Interferon, Type III IFN, Severity of illness, Leukocytes, medicine, Humans, Respiratory system, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Regulation of gene expression, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Human Biology & Physiology, Lung, SARS-CoV-2, epithelial cell, FOS: Clinical medicine, Age Factors, Pattern recognition receptor, COVID-19, Epithelial Cells, interferon, Viral Load, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Type I IFN, Type III IFN, airways, dendritic cell, epithelial cell, interferon, lung, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, airways, airway, Interferons, Viral load, Respiratory tract, medicine.drug
Abstract: Severe COVID-19 is characterized by overproduction of immune mediators, but the role of interferons (IFNs) of the type I (IFN-I) or type III (IFN-III) families remains debated. We scrutinized the production of IFNs along the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients and found that high levels of IFN-III, and to a lesser extent IFN-I, characterize the upper airways of patients with high viral burden but reduced disease risk or severity. Production of specific IFN-III, but not IFN-I, members, denotes patients with a mild pathology and efficiently drives the transcription of genes that protect against SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, compared to subjects with other infectious or non-infectious lung pathologies, IFNs are over-represented in the lower airways of patients with severe COVID-19 that exhibit gene pathways associated with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation. Our data demonstrate a dynamic production of IFNs in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and show IFNs play opposing roles at distinct anatomical sites., An in-depth analysis of interferons in COVID-19 reveals differences in their roles based on anatomical location, viral load, age and disease severity. In the upper respiratory tract, high levels of IFN-III are protective and result in mild disease in spite of higher SARS-CoV-2 viral burden while the lower airways of patients with severe COVID-19 demonstrate elevated IFN-I and III, cell death and a reduction in interferon stimulated genes.
Published: 2021
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48. Restoring the Bacloville trial: efficacy and harms

Author: Ioana A. Cristea, Alain Braillon, Florian Naudet, Joel Lexchin, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), York University [Toronto], Jonchère, Laurent, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Università degli Studi di Pavia
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, bias, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, baclofen, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, ethics, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Psychiatry and Mental health, Baclofen, chemistry, Alcohol, conflict of interests, randomized controlled trial, Physical therapy, business
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

49. Preserving equipoise and performing randomized trials for COVID-19 social distancing interventions

Author: John P. A. Ioannidis, Ioana A. Cristea, Florian Naudet, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University-Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, METRICS is supported by a grant from the Laura andJohn Arnold Foundation. The work of JPAI is supported by an unrestrictedgift from Sue and Bob O’Donnell., Jonchère, Laurent, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Research design, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pneumonia, Viral, Applied psychology, Randomisation, randomised-controlled trials, research design and methods, statistics, Psychological intervention, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Special Article, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Credibility, Design choice, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pandemics, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Therapeutic Equipoise, SARS-CoV-2, Social distance, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, 3. Good health, Coronavirus, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Intervention (law), Psychiatry and Mental health, Psychological Distance, Research Design, Social Conditions, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Observational study, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Coronavirus Infections, Psychology
Abstract: In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a large number of non-pharmaceutical measures that pertain to the wider group of social distancing interventions (e.g. public gathering bans, closures of schools, workplaces and all but essential business, mandatory stay-at-home policies, travel restrictions, border closures and others) have been deployed. Their urgent deployment was defended with modelling and observational data of spurious credibility. There is major debate on whether these measures are effective and there is also uncertainty about the magnitude of the harms that these measures might induce. Given that there is equipoise for how, when and if specific social distancing interventions for COVID-19 should be applied and removed/modified during reopening, we argue that informative randomised-controlled trials are needed. Only a few such randomised trials have already been conducted, but the ones done to-date demonstrate that a randomised trials agenda is feasible. We discuss here issues of study design choice, selection of comparators (intervention and controls), choice of outcomes and additional considerations for the conduct of such trials. We also discuss and refute common counter-arguments against the conduct of such trials.
Published: 2020

50. Schauder estimates for degenerate L\'evy Ornstein-Ulhenbeck operators

Author: Marino, Lorenzo, Dipartimento di Matematica 'Felice Casorati' Department of Mathematics [Univ Pavia] (UNIPV), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d'Evry (LaMME), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-ENSIIE-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dipartimento di Matematica - Università di Pavia, and Università degli Studi di Pavia
Subjects: Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Mathematics::Probability, Primary: 35J70, 35K65, 35R09, 35B45, Secondary: 60H30, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP]
Abstract: We establish global Schauder estimates for integro-partial differential equations (IPDE) driven by a possibly degenerate L\'evy Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator, both in the elliptic and parabolic setting, using some suitable anisotropic H\"older spaces. The class of operators we consider is composed by a linear drift plus a L\'evy operator that is comparable, in a suitable sense, with a possibly truncated stable operator. It includes for example, the relativistic, the tempered, the layered or the Lamperti stable operators. Our method does not assume neither the symmetry of the L\'evy operator nor the invariance for dilations of the linear part of the operator. Thanks to our estimates, we prove in addition the well-posedness of the considered IPDE in suitable functional spaces. In the final section, we extend some of these results to more general operators involving non-linear, space-time dependent drifts., Comment: 30 pages
Published: 2020

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