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Gastrointestinal parasitism is one of the factors that discourages farmers from raising small ruminants in cultivated pastures. To validate a soil treatment strategy to control the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), castor cake (CC) was used as a fertilizer on a pasture where sheep grazed on guinea grass under continuous stocking. On day zero, the pasture was divided into three paddocks, contaminated by GIN and treated, respectively, with CC divided into two applications (2CC1/2), CC in a single application (CC1) and organic compost in a single application (control). On day 21, eight GIN-free sheep were placed in each paddock. On day 58, significant differences (P

The Saanen goat breed has been widely explored in breeding programmes; however, there are few reports about the breed?s genetic and molecular composition. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the proteomic profile of spermatozoa from Saanen breeding goats. Five breeding animals with proven fertility were selected, the spermatozoa were collected, and the protein was extracted. Subsequently, the proteins were separated and analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry; the proteins were then identified with the SwissProt database. A total of 31 proteins involved in reproduction were identified, including binding proteins on spermatozoa for fusion with the egg, acrosomal membrane proteins, metabolic enzymes, heat shock proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and spermatozoa motility proteins. The characterization of such proteins clarifies the molecular mechanisms of spermatogenesis and the modifications that ensure the success of fertilization. Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-12T18:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2019Evaluationof.pdf: 2203394 bytes, checksum: 1d14683dd976b406b9912ed5cbf836cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The nematicidal effect of different organic materials was evaluated in order to develop a non-chemical alternative soil treatment for control of the free-living stages of small ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes. The selected organic materials were residues from the juice industry of acerola, cashew, grape, guava, papaya and pineapple, as well as castor residue from the biodiesel industry. LC90 results showed that pineapple residue was the most efficient inhibitor of larval development, followed by castor, grape, cashew, acerola, guava and papaya. Castor residue was also a good source of nitrogen and was used in a greenhouse experiment to prevent larval development in contaminated goat faeces that was deposited in pots containing the grasses Brachiaria brizantha (var. Paiaguás) or Megathyrsus maximus x M. infestum (var. Massai). Castor residue caused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction (85.04%) in Paiaguás grass contamination (L3.dry mass-1) and a reduction of 17.35% in Massai grass contamination (P > 0.05), with an increase in the biomass production of Massai (251.43%, P < 0.05) and Paiaguás (109.19%, P > 0.05) grasses. This strategy, called Econemat?, with good results in vitro shows to be promising on pasture increasing phytomass production. [Atividade de resíduos de culturas contra os estágios de vida livre de nematoides de pequenos ruminantes]. Resumo: O efeito nematicida de diferentes materiais orgânicos foi avaliado, com o objetivo de desenvolver um tratamento alternativo não químico do solo para o controle dos estágios de vida livre de nematoides gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes. Os materiais orgânicos selecionados foram resíduos da indústria de suco de acerola, caju, uva, goiaba, mamão e abacaxi, além do resíduo de mamona da indústria de biodiesel. Os resultados da LC90 mostraram que o resíduo de abacaxi foi o mais eficiente inibidor do desenvolvimento larval, seguido pela mamona, uva, caju, acerola, goiaba e mamão. O resíduo de mamona também se mostrou uma boa fonte de nitrogênio, sendo usado em experimento em casa de vegetação para prevenir o desenvolvimento larval em fezes contaminadas, depositadas em vasos, contendo as gramíneas Brachiaria brizantha (var. Paiaguás) ou Megathyrsus maximus x M. infestum (var. Massai). O resíduo de mamona reduziu (85,04%) significativamente (P < 0,05) a contaminação no capim-Paiaguás (L3.dry massa-1), 17,35% no capim Massai (P> 0,05), e aumentou a produção de biomassa das gramíneas Massai (251,43%, P 0,05). Essa estratégia, chamada Econemat?, com bons resultados in vitro, mostra-se promissora nas pastagens aumentando a produção de fitomassa. Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-14T00:45:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cnpc2019Crop.pdf: 1056240 bytes, checksum: aacb3a6f8bdf872c12869b6d74e57672 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Precise normalization with reference genes is necessary, in order to obtain reliable relative expression data in response to gastrointestinal nematode infection. By using sheep from temperate regions as models, three reference genes, viz., ribosomal protein LO (RPLO), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA), were investigated in the abomasum, abomasal lymph nodes and small intestine of Brazilian Somalis sheep, either resistant or susceptible to gastrointestinal nematodes infections. Real time PCR was carried out by using SYBR Green I dye, and gene stability was tested by geNorm. RPLO was an ideal reference gene, since its expression was constant across treatments, presented lower variation, and was ranked as the most stable in abomasum and lymph node tissues. On the other hand, SDHA was the most stable in the small intestine followed by RPLO and GAPDH. These findings demonstrate the importance of correctly choosing reference genes prior to relative quantification. In addition, we determined that reference genes used in sheep from temperate regions, when properly tested, can be applied in animals from tropical regions such as the Brazilian Somalis sheep. Short communication.

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological parameters and the biomass flow and structural characteristics of BRS Massai and BRS Tamani grasses under different irrigation conditions. The rating of gas exchange, biomass flow and structural characteristics were performed in dry periods and dry/rainy season, under the water supply of 30; 60; 90 and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement 4x2 (water supply and grass). The experiment was conducted in pots with capacity for 7.5 dm³, using as substrate layer of 0-0.2 m soil. There was no effect (P < 0.05) between the gas exchange in the dry period, having the largest growing parameters of irrigation schemes. In the transition period of dry/rainy, we observed a reversal behavior in relation to the dry period, showing a rapid recovery of grasses under the minor water supply. It was observed quadratic behavior to concentrations of CO2 in the leaf mesophilic (Ci) with maximum point to the BRS Massai grass and minimum point to the BRS Tamani grass, where the major and minor Ci were 119 and 48 ppm in the water supply of 107 and 35% of ETo, respectively. In relation to the biomass flow, the BRS Tamani grass presented greater stem elongation rate and leaf senescence rate in relation to BRS Massai in both periods assessed. In the dry period, we observed a higher biomass production of green leaf blades in the BRS Tamani grass, while in the transition dry/rainy season, the results for this variable were similar, and at the same time that observed higher accumulation of green culm biomass to the BRS Tamani grass, which certainly affected its structure. It is concluded that the application of a minimum daily water supply of 30% of ETo allows the maintenance of BRS Massai and BRS Tamani grasses without incurring the death of tillers and reduction of regrowth vigor, whereas the water supply of 90% of ETo favors the morphophysiological characteristics, especially of BRS Tamani grass. [Morfofisiologia de gramíneas tropicais sob diferentes regimes hídricos em duas estações de crescimento: II. capins BRS Massai e BRS Tamani]. Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos, as características morfogênicas e estruturais dos capins BRS Massai e BRS Tamani sob diferentes condições hídricas. As avaliações de trocas gasosas, do fluxo de biomassa e das características estruturais foram realizadas nos períodos seco e de transição seca/ águas, sob os regimes de lâminas de irrigação de 30; 60; 90 e 120% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4x2 (lâminas de irrigação e gramíneas). O experimento foi conduzido em vasos com capacidade para 7,5 dm³, utilizando como substrato a camada de 0-0,2 m do solo. Houve efeito (P < 0,05) entre as trocas gasosas no período seco, onde os crescentes regimes de irrigação proporcionaram melhores resultados. No período de transição seco/chuvoso observou-se uma inversão de comportamento em relação ao período seco, evidenciando rápida recuperação das gramíneas sob os menores tratamentos de irrigação. Observou-se comportamento quadrático para variável concentrações de CO2 no mesófilo foliar (Ci), com ponto de máximo para o capim massai e de mínimo para o capim-tamani, onde as maiores e menores Ci de 119 e 48 ppm nas lâminas de irrigação de 107 e 35% da ETo, respectivamente. No tocante ao fluxo de biomassa, o capim-tamani apresentou maior taxa de alongamento das hastes e de senescência foliar em relação a cultivar BRS Massai em ambos os períodos avaliados. No período seco, observou-se maior produção de biomassa de lâminas foliares verde no capim-tamani, enquanto que no período de transição seca/águas, os resultados para esta variável foram semelhantes, ao mesmo tempo em que se observa maior acúmulo de biomassa de colmo verde no capim-tamani, o que afetou sua estrutura. Conclui-se que a aplicação de uma lâmina mínima diária de 30% da ETo possibilita a manutenção das gramíneas BRS Massai e BRS Tamani sem incorrer em morte de perfilhos e redução do vigor de rebrotação, ao passo que a lâmina de 90% da ETo favorece as características morfofisiológicas, em especial do capim-tamani. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-04T12:04:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2021-Art-13.pdf: 486559 bytes, checksum: 929bf3fb3ded6ca0719c3d55c68c130d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a destoxificação da torta de mamona bruta (TMB), por meio de dois produtos alcalinos em diferentes concentrações, e seus efeitos sobre a composição química, a degradabilidade in situ da MS e o fracionamento de proteínas. Utilizou-se o hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] e o hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) em duas concentrações (60 e 90 gramas), diluídos em quatro quantidades de água (1.000; 1.500; 2.000 e 2.500mL de água por quilo de TMB). Observou-se que, das diferentes concentrações utilizadas, somente a utilização de 90 e 60 gramas de Ca(OH)2 e NaOH, respectivamente, conseguiu destoxificar 100% da TMB, ambas diluídas em 2.000mL de água. Por outro lado, ao avaliar o tempo mínimo de contato dos reagentes com a TMB para uma máxima destoxificação, observou-se que três horas de contato é o tempo necessário para os reagentes diminuírem em 100% as proteínas citotóxicas, além de não deixar atividade hemaglutinante nesse material. A destoxificação com o NaOH proporcionou maior degradação das proteínas solúveis e da matéria seca, favorecendo a disponibilização do nitrogênio não proteico, estando sua aplicação em escala industrial na dependência de estudos sobre viabilidade operacional e econômica. [Detoxification and nutritional profile of the detoxified castor by different alkaline solutions]. This study aimed to evaluate the detoxification of crude castor (DCC) through two alkaline products in different concentrations and their effects on the chemical composition, in situ degradability of DM and the fractionation of proteins. We used the calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in two concentrations (60 and 90 grams) diluted in 4 quantities of water (1,000; 1,500; 2,000 and 2,500ml of water per kilo of DCC). It was observed that in the different concentrations used, only the use of 90 and 60 grams of Ca(OH)2 and NaOH, respectively managed to detoxify 100% of the DCC, both diluted in 2,000ml of water. On the other hand, when assessing the minimum time of contact of the reagents with the DCC for maximum detoxification, it was observed that with three hours of contact is the time required for the reagents decrease in 100% of the cytotoxic proteins, in addition to not leave haemagglutinating activity in this material. The detoxification with NaOH provided greater degradation of soluble proteins and degradation of dry matter, favoring the provision of non-protein nitrogen, while its application on an industrial scale is in the dependence of studies on operational feasibility and cost. Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-10T09:18:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2020-Art-36.pdf: 484354 bytes, checksum: ff85d91c436668a2290266c91150e9f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of savanna thinning and enrichment with grasses to maintain local biodiversity and intensify biomass production in an area of Caatinga. The study was carried out in a Caatinga area thinned into savanna and an unmanipulated area during the rainy and rainy-dry transition seasons of 2016. The herbaceous biomass production, diversity, and equability of the thinned and unmanipulated areas were evaluated by calculating values of the Shannon-Weaver (H') and Pielou (J') indices. The establishment of massai and buffel grasses in the savanna-thinned area was also evaluated. The area thinned into savanna produced more native herbaceous forage biomass in both the rainy (1,940.55 kg ha-1) and rainy-dry transition seasons (1,918.55 kg ha-1) than that in the unmanipulated area in the same periods (78.42 and 37.40 kg ha-1, respectively), without compromising biodiversity, as the Shannon-Weaver and Pielou indices for the savanna-thinned area (H' = 1.48 and J' = 0.62, respectively) and for the unmanipulated area (H' = 1.29 and J' = 0.72) were comparable. The frequency of species with a known forage value in the area thinned into savanna was still able to increase by 141% in the rainy season and 1,700% in the rainy-dry transition season. Massai grass became better-established in the savanna-thinned area that buffel grass, where it produced up to 3 t of dry matter ha-1. The thinning and enrichment treatments promoted an increase in the biodiversity of the area, and moreover contributed to increases in forage biomass in the Caatinga. [O manejo da pastagem natural incrementa a biomassa herbácea nativa e exótica e a biodiversidade na Caatinga no Brasil]. Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o raleamento em savana e o enriquecimento com gramíneas em uma área de Caatinga mantendo a biodiversidade local e intensificando a produção de biomassa. Os estudos foram conduzidos numa Caatinga raleada em savana e numa área não manipulada no período chuvoso que foi dividido em duas épocas em 2016. Avaliaram-se a produção de biomassa herbácea, a diversidade e a equabilidade pelos índices de Shannon - Weaver (H') e de Pielou (J') das áreas raleada em savana e não manipulada. Foi ainda avaliado o estabelecimento dos capins massai e búffel na área raleada em savana. A área raleada em savana produziu mais biomassa de forragem herbácea nativa tanto na época das águas (1.940,55 kg ha-1) quanto na época de transição águas-seca (1.918,55 kg ha-1) do que a área não manipulada nas mesmas épocas (78,42 e 37,40 kg ha-1, respectivamente), sem comprometer à biodiversidade, conforme os índices de Shannon-Weaver (H' = 1,48) e Pielou (J' = 0,62) para a área raleada em savana e H' (1,29) e J' (0,72), para a área não manipulada. A área raleada em savana foi ainda capaz de aumentar em 141% na época das águas e 1.700% na época de transição águas-seca, a frequência de espécies de conhecido valor forrageiro. O capim-massai apresentou melhor estabelecimento do que o capim-búffel, na área raleada em savana produzindo até 3 t de MS ha-1. O raleamento e o enriquecimento promovem um aumento da biodiversidade da área, além de contribuir para o incremento de biomassa de forragem. Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-26T00:47:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cnpc2019Management.pdf: 2200302 bytes, checksum: 9acb401145267b6e0927099dc715dd86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological parameters, the productive characteristics, structural and chemical composition of Urochloa Brizantha cultivars BRS and BRS Piatã submitted to two deferment periods and three using times. The experimental design was randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme 2 x 2 x 3, being two grass cultivars (Paiaguás grass and Piatã grass), two deferment periods (rainy season and dryrainy transition) and three sealing times (40, 80 and 120 days). It was observed that, in the rainy season, the grasses had higher leaf transpiration rate when used for 40 days of deferment (1.66 ?mol m2/s). During the rainy season, the Stomatal conductance was detected only in the grasses used with shorter seal, with an average of 0.07 ?mol m2/s. In contrast, in the period of transition, the concentration decreased to 0.02 ?mol m2/s. In a general way, the BRS Paiaguás presented lower content of NDF. The shorter cycle provided greater biomass production of total forage during the period of rain, approximately 2.78 times more than the same pasture grass deferred during the transition period. Generally, the periods of deferment and moments of use cause effects on structural characteristics of pasture, being that the period of deferment of the transition period and used for 40 and 80 days may be a strategy for keeping animals in critical periods. [Trocas gasosas, características produtivas e composição química de gramíneas tropicais diferidas II: cultivares BRS Paiaguás e BRS Piatã]. Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos, as características produtivas, estruturais e composição química da Urochloa Brizantha cultivares BRS Paiaguás e BRS Piatã submetidos a dois períodos de diferimento e três momentos de utilização. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, sendo duas cultivares de gramíneas (capim-paiaguás e capim- piatã), dois períodos de diferimento (período chuvoso e transição chuvoso-seco) e três tempos de vedação (40, 80 e 120 dias). Observou-se que, dentro do período chuvoso, as gramíneas tiveram maior taxa de transpiração foliar quando utilizadas aos 40 dias de diferimento (1,66 ?mol m2/s). Neste mesmo período, a condutância estomática foi detectada somente nas gramíneas utilizadas com menor tempo de vedação, apresentando média de 0,07 ?mol m2/s. Em contrapartida, no período de transição, a concentração diminuiu para 0,02 ?mol m2/s. De forma geral, a cultivar BRS Paiaguás apresentou menor teor de FDN. O menor tempo de vedação proporcionou maior produção de biomassa de forragem total durante o período da chuva, cerca de 2,78 vezes mais forragem que o mesmo pasto diferido durante o período de transição. De modo geral, ambos os períodos de diferimento e tempos de vedação causam efeitos nas características estruturais da pastagem, sendo que o diferimento no período de transição por um tempo de 40 e 80 dias pode ser uma estratégia para manutenção dos animais em períodos críticos. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-04T13:00:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2021-Art-14.pdf: 3695715 bytes, checksum: e481a0e3e91429f0dc8226bfd723a237 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Increasing milk production in countries such as Brazil, India and Pakistan implies the generation of dairy by-products such as nutrient-rich bovine whey which, if used in feeding small ruminants would reduce environmental waste and add value to this by-product. Twenty entire male kids weighing an average 17 kg and 5 months age were used. The diet control was composed by Aruana hay, milled whole maize, pelleted soybean and limestone. Bovine cheese whey at 1.5; 3.0 and 4.5% (DM basis) was added to experimental diets. Variables measured included intake, nutrient apparent digestibility, energy balance, and nitrogen balance. Regression equations and Pearson correlations (P ? 0.05) were determined. The 3% diet resulted in greater ether extract (EE) (g/kg0.75) and digestible EE (P ? 0.05) concentrations compared to 0% whey. The consumption of cellulose (g/kg0.75) was greater (P ? 0.05) for kids on the 3.0% diet compared to 0 or 1.5%. Nutrient apparent digestibility was not affected (P > 0.05) by the inclusion of whey. Kids on the 4.5% diet excreted more (P - 0.05) fecal N than those fed no whey; these also retained less N (P ? 0.05) compared to animals fed 3.0% or less whey in their diet. All diets resulted in positive energy and nitrogen balances. Bovine whey can be included in male kid diets up to 4.5% of diet without negatively affecting consumption or apparent digestibility of those diets. [Consumo, digestibilidade aparente e balanço de nutrientes de dietas com soro de leite bovino para caprinos]. Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-20T09:11:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2020-Art-37.pdf: 281645 bytes, checksum: ad968c3f9f1b6c4e886a861f400129ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Background: Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) is a disease that causes productive losses in dairy goat flocks due to the reduction in milk production, followed by lesions in joints and mammary glands. An early diagnosis is essential, considering that there is frequent occurrence of asymptomatic animals. Hence, this study aimed to perform a comparison of immunological and molecular based diagnostic tests, represented by Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID), Western Blot (WB) and nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR). In addition, the mammary glands (MG) of dairy goats were clinically evaluated. Materials, Methods & Results: Blood collection and clinical examination were performed in 1191 dairy goats of 12 farms located in Northeastern and Southeastern regions of Brazil. Serological (AGID, WB) and molecular (nPCR) test results were compared and the data, along with MG alterations, were analyzed using Epi-info 7 and WinEpiscope 2.0. Seroprevalence in AGID test was 41.14% (490/1191). In WB, 51.47% (613/1191) of animals were seropositive and nPCR detected 69.44% (827/1191) positive animals. Hence, WB was more sensitive (P < 0.001) than AGID. However, nPCR detected more positive animals than AGID (P < 0.001) and WB (P < 0.001). The analysis of mammary glands revealed that 105 out of 1096 nanny goats presented alterations, of which 101 presented altered consistency, 16 presented elevated temperatures and 60 had enlarged retromammary lymph nodes. There was significant statistic difference (P < 0.05) only when comparing the results of serological tests with MG alterations. Discussion: In general, AGID technique is most frequently used when screening flocks for the disease due to the practicality and low cost this test presents. However, the results demonstrated that AGID detected the lowest number of positive animals. This low sensitivity that the test presented may be attributed to its antigen-antibody interaction mechanism, considering that agar gel precipitation requires multiple interactions. In addition, WB was more effective than AGID in detecting antibodies. On the other hand, nPCR was important for the detection of infected animals that serological tests failed to detect. The intermittence of immunological response observed in the serological tests may be explained by the variation of antibodies levels that may occur during life. Likewise, viral compartmentalization would justify the intermittent detection of proviral DNA. Hence, the results can be influenced by the viral intermittence, test sensitivity, late seroconversion and statistic values that can be calculated (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive level and kappa). Crossing the results of the diagnostic tests with the different mammary gland alterations, it was shown that there was a statistically significant difference (P

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do zinco ou do propilenoglicol sobre o desempenho e nas características da carcaça e da carne de ovinos sob pastejo em pastagem nativa da Caatinga. Utilizaram-se 24 ovinos, mestiços Santa Inês, machos, não castrados, peso inicial de 19,3±2,52kg, com quatro meses de idade, oito repetições por tratamento, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Os tratamentos foram: sem aditivo, controle (CT), adição de sulfato de zinco (ZnSO4.7H2O) (Zn) para fornecimento de 300mg de Zn dia-1 via sal mineral, e propilenoglicol (PG), 2,5mL kgPC0,75-1 animal-1 dia-1 misturado no concentrado. Os animais foram suplementados com concentrado constituído de milho (54,0%), farelo de soja (45,1%) e calcário (0,911%) em 0,7% do PC médio de cada tratamento. O ensaio foi conduzido durante quatro meses (março a junho/2014). Avaliaram-se o desempenho e, após o abate dos animais, as características de carcaça e os componentes não carcaça, os parâmetros físico-químicos e organolépticos na carne. O Zn e o propilenoglicol não afetaram o desempenho e os parâmetros da carcaça em termos absoluto e relativo, bem como os pesos dos cortes e seus rendimentos (P>0,05). Não houve efeito dos aditivos nas características organolépticas e nos aspectos físico-químicos da carne (P>0,05), exceto cinzas (P0.05). The additives did not affect the organoleptic characteristics and physical-chemical aspects of the meat (P>0.05), except, ash (P

This study aimed to characterize a commercial lamb finishing system using animals of undefined breed from production to slaughter by analyzing performance, carcass traits, yield of commercial cuts, and the quality and meat acceptance of different slaughter groups, as to evaluate whether this system provides the market with a standardized product. The lots were not homogeneous for yield of commercial cuts and performance and morphometric traits evaluated in vivo. The groups were heterogeneous to 75% of the 13 carcass traits evaluated, among them, hot and cold carcass weights, hot and cold carcass yields, carcass grade finishing and biological yield. There was also no uniformity for the proportion of non-carcass components, morphometry of carcass, visual appraisals, and loin traits. On the other hand, homogeneity was achieved in physico-chemical and sensory traits, except for hardness and proportion of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. We conclude that the commercial finishing system with the use of undefined crossbred lambs does not produce carcass and cuts standardized to the market. Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-20T00:37:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2018Docarcasses.pdf: 433706 bytes, checksum: 04be5fc791f1ef6a07559fef7b3989f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-19

Background: Contagious agalactia is an infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae (M. agalactiae) that occurs in small ruminants leading to productive and economic losses. Due to the similarity of clinical signs presented in Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE), which is a viral disease, a differential diagnosis is important. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of anti-Mycoplasma agalactiae antibodies in dairy goat flocks in Ceará State and possible correlation with CAE. Materials, Methods & Results: The research was performed in four mesoregions in Ceará State (Metropolitan Region of FortalezaMRF; Northeast Ceará - NeC; North Ceará - NC; Sertões in Ceará - SC), from which 16 productions located in 10 cities with the highest representativeness for goat milk production within the State or mesoregion were sampled. A total of 417 females and 69 males (486 animals) of breeds with dairy production aptitude, pure or crossbreed, maintained in semi-intensive or intensive systems, were tested. Blood serum was obtained by venipuncture of the jugular vein with vacuum pressure syringe followed by centrifugation at 1,500 g for 10min. Antibodies against the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) were detected with micro technique of agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and Western Blot (WB). The anti-Mycoplasma agalactiae antibodies were detected with commercial kit of enzymatic immunoassay (IDEXX Laboratories). Seroprevalence of M. agalactiae in dairy goat flocks in Ceará State was 0.62% (3/486). From the total of 16 visited productions, 18.75% (3/16) had seropositive animals for M. agalactiae located in MRF, NC and SC mesoregions. CAE was diagnosed in 56.25% (9/16) of productions with AGID and in 81.25% (13/16) with WB. In addition, 5.2% (25/486) of animals were seropositive for CAE with AGID and 16.6% (80/486) with WB. Animals that reacted positive for M. agalactiae were all females of pure breed with milk production aptitude in distinct mesoregions submitted to intensive rearing system. None of these animals was positive in neither test (AGID or WB) for CAE. Therefore, no correlation of results obtained in diagnosis of M. agalactiae by ELISA and CAEV by AGID or WB (P < 0.05) was identified. However, two out of three productions that were positive for M. agalactiae presented positive results for CAEV with frequencies of 10% and 20%. Discussion: Seroprevalence of M. agalactiae in Ceará State was low in comparison with other Brazilian states and even other countries. However, the presence of the pathogen in more than one mesoregion indicates that the disease occurs in different locations within the State. Therefore, flocks in Ceará are susceptible to the infection, which may be favored by uncontrolled commerce that occurs with deficient surveillance, associated with the importation of animals to improve flock genetic quality. The presence of the pathogen in dairy goats may contribute to significant losses in the local production. On the other hand, CAE was diagnosed in nearly all productions proving the dissemination of this lentivirus infection among dairy goat flocks in Ceará State. Although an association between these diseases was not identified, the presence of a retrovirus in the organism may favor co-infection with another micro-organism, promoting the deficiency in the immune system of the host. In conclusion, M. agalactiae is present in different mesoregions of the Ceará State and control measures should be adopted in short term to prevent pathogen dissemination and, consequently reduce economic and productive losses in the local dairy goat production. No correlation was identified between the prevalence of infection by CAEV and M. agalactiae in this study. [Mycoplasma agalactiae in dairy goat flocks bred in Ceará State of Ceará in association with Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus]. Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-27T00:42:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2018Mycoplasma.pdf: 384799 bytes, checksum: 41ca4219fc4691d2ffc562158295282c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 [ALICE ANDRIOLI PINHEIRO].

[Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Chlamydophila abortus Infection in Goats of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil]. Abstract: Background: Chlamydophilosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydophila abortus, responsible for reproductive damage in small ruminants, and economic losses to animal production. In addition, it is classified as a zoonosis once it presents symptoms similar to numerous bacterial and viral infections of the reproductive system, making clinical diagnosis difficult. The objective of this work was to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-C. abortus antibodies in goats and to identify the risk factors for the disease in two mesoregions of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Material, Methods & Results: This research was carried out in two mesoregions of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (Central Potiguar - CP and West Potiguar - WP) located in the Northeast of Brazil. These mesoregions together represent 83% of the regional herd. A total of 54 properties were studied. Those are distributed in seven municipalities: Afonso Bezerra, Angicos, Lages and Pedro Avelino, in the CP mesoregion; and Apodi, Caraúbas, and Mossoró, in the OP mesoregion. We used 540 animals from herds characterized as non-defined breed (NDB) and native breed, regardless of their productive functions, being frequent the consortium of caprine and ovine species. Blood samples were collected through jugular venipuncture by vacuum system with 5 mL tubes without anticoagulant. After collection, the tubes were centrifuged at 1500 g for 15 min. Detection of anti-Chlamydophila sp. antibodies was performed by the Complement Fixation Test. In parallel with the collection, a questionnaire was applied addressing general property and producer characteristics. Seroprevalence of chlamydophilosis in the CP mesoregion was 3.04% (7/230) for the animals and 26.1% (6/23) for the properties, whereas, in the WP mesoregion, the values were 4.2% (13/310) and 35.5% (11/31), respectively. In the final logistic regression model, no variable analyzed was considered to be associated with a higher probability of C. abortus positive properties. There was no significant difference (P = 0.76) in the infection among the studied mesoregions. All the seven municipalities evaluated, had at least one positive property. No serology was found with titers greater than 1:32. The results of the suspects with titers of 1:16 were 3.9% (9/230) in the CP and 3.5% (11/310) in the WP mesoregion. None of the 82 breeding animals tested were C. abortus reagent, but three were suspected. The highest prevalence for the infection was seen in the matrices with 5.6% (18/321), followed by young females with 2.9% (1/35), young males with 1.2% (1/82) and breeding animals with 0% (0/82). Discussion: The seroprevalence to Chlamydophila abortus found in the state of Rio Grande do Norte was lower than that found in most Brazilian states, and even in other countries. The presence of properties with positive animals displays a risk of dissemination of the disease in the region. In addition, the presence of suspect animals may indicate a much larger number of positive animals. The existence of false-negative animals in the herd can lead to difficulties in controlling and eradicating this disease. Although none of the breeding animals were reagent to C. abortus in the CF test, the possibility of venereal transmission should not be discarded. As some animals remained suspects, it may indicate an initial infection phase and seroconversion process, possibly characterizing future transmitters of the bacterium via semen. However, even though seroprevalence was numerically low, this disease should be a cause for concern due to its severity and spread capacity among herds, and especially because it is a zoonosis. We conclude that chlamydophilosis is present in goat breeding in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and female animals are more susceptible to Chlamydophila abortus infection Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-18T00:40:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2018Soroprevalenciaefatores.pdf: 413176 bytes, checksum: 9db4c5149c00fead464a461ec1faca2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-17 [ALICE ANDRIOLI PINHEIRO].

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-26T19:21:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-31T13:04:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352015000300732.pdf: 501363 bytes, checksum: ce209bef83967a8902a082c5163a1eaa (MD5) Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FUNCAP) O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar quatro grupos genéticos de ovinos: Santa Inês (SI), Somalis Brasileira (SB), Morada Nova (MN) e 1/2 Dorper - 1/2 Morada Nova (F1) quanto às características de crescimento e de infecção parasitária. Trinta e três cordeiros machos, de mesma idade, nascidos de parto simples e submetidos às mesmas condições de manejo pré-desmame foram utilizados no experimento. Após o desmame, os animais foram alojados em piquetes de capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, em um sistema rotativo de pastejo sob um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Os resultados mostraram que, ao longo do experimento, o desempenho ponderal dos quatro grupos genéticos foi negativamente afetado pela infecção por endoparasitas, mas o efeito de genótipo foi significativo para ganho de peso médio diário, e os grupos SI e F1 apresentaram melhores médias. O efeito do genótipo, tempo e interação genótipo x tempo foi significativo para o peso e o escore corporal. Os cordeiros da raça SB apresentaram maiores escores corporais ao longo do experimento, apesar do menor ganho de peso quando comparados aos dos grupos SI e F1. Houve efeito significativo do tempo e da interação genótipo x tempo para o hematócrito e para o grau FAMACHA©. Somente efeito do tempo foi verificado para as características OPG e proteína plasmática total. Os cordeiros da raça Morada Nova, ao contrário dos demais grupos, mantiveram o grau FAMACHA© inferior a 3 e hematócrito inferior a 23%, mesmo com tendência de maior OPG, principalmente na fase inicial, indicando uma possível maior capacidade de adaptação à infecção por endoparasitas. The aim of this study was to compare the following four genetic groups of hair sheep: Santa Inês (SI), Morada Nova (MN), Brazilian Somali (BS), and the F1 1/2Dorper x 1/2Morada Nova crossbreed on traits related to growth and parasitic infection. Thirty-three male lambs of the same age and of simple birth, under the same pre-weaning management conditions were used in the experiment. After weaning the animals were housed in a completely randomized design in paddocks made of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. Along the course of the research, the performance of the four groups of sheep was observed to be negatively affected by gastrointestinal parasites, but there was a genotype effect to the average daily weight gain (ADWG), where the SI and F1 genotypes presented higher values. The effects of genotype, time and genotype x time interaction were significant in weight and corporal score (CS) measurements. The BS lambs had the highest CS values throughout the experiment despite not presenting greater weight gain when compared to the SI and F1 breeds. There were also significant effects of time and genotype x time interaction for packed cell volume (PCV) and FAMACHA© score (FAM) and only the time effect was significant in the total number of eggs per gram (EPG) and total plasma protein (TPP). The MN lambs showed higher PCV values and unlike the other groups, presented a FAMACHA© score below 3 and PCV above 23% even having a higher EPG tendency, especially in the initial phase, indicating a possible higher resilience to infection caused by gastrointestinal parasites. Universidade Estadual Paulista Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú Universidade Estadual Paulista

Resumo: Neste estudo, 67 ejaculados foram avaliados, antes e depois da técnica de swim-up, em relação à qualidade seminal e à presença do CAEV. Das 67 amostras testadas por PCRn, antes do swim-up, 47 (70,15%) foram positivas para o DNA pró-viral. No entanto, quatro amostras adicionais foram positivas ao RT-nested PCR após o swim-up, o que permite dizer que, pelo menos, 76,12% (51/67) delas estavam infectadas antes da lavagem. Todavia, em 23,88% (16/67) das amostras não foi detectada a presença do CAEV. Após a aplicação da técnica de swim-up, constatou-se, pela PCRn e RT-nested PCR, que houve uma redução significativa (X²= 9,078; p

This study aimed to evaluate the morphophysiological characteristics of irrigated Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon subjected to doses of an organic compost from waste generated by production and slaughter of small ruminants. The experiment was carried out in a grassland, during four growth cycles of 60 days. The area is located in the Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos unit, in Sobral - CE, Brazil. Abstract: Treatments consisted of organic compost doses (0, 13.3, 26.6, 39.9, 53.2 and 79.8 Mg ha-1) plus a mineral fertilization (nitrogen and potassium) at doses equivalent to 720 and 900 kg ha-1 year-1, respectively. The experimental design was arranged in completely randomized blocks, totaling four blocks with seven treatments each, in a split plot scheme with repeated readings over time. The plots corresponded to seven doses of an organic compost and an additional treatment (mineral fertilizer), and subplots to four growth cycles. The variables analyzed were total herbage biomass (THB), canopy height (CH), tiller population density (TPD) and water use efficiency for green leaf biomass production (WUEGLB) and green stem biomass (WUEGSB). In the first cycle, TPD decreased linearly with increasing doses of the compost, with 47 tillers m2 at the dose of 79.8 Mg ha-1, while THB and WUEGLB variables behaved quadratically, with a maximum point of 23.53 Mg DM ha-1 cycle-1, and 16.33 kg DM mm-1 for the doses of 66.52 and 62.94 Mg ha-1 of the organic compost. We concluded plant structural characteristics and water use efficiency were responsive to applications of the organic compost, and we recommend the dose of 67.7 Mg ha-1. [Características estruturais do capim-elefante adubado com composto orgânico proveniente da produção e do abate de pequenos ruminantes]. Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar as características estruturais do Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon, irrigado e submetido a doses de composto orgânico proveniente de resíduos da produção e do abate da ovinocaprinocultura. O experimento foi realizado em capineira de capim-elefante, durante quatro ciclos de 60 dias cada, em Sobral, Estado do Ceará. Os tratamentos foram as doses do composto orgânico (0; 13,3; 26,6; 39,9; 53,2; 79,8 Mg ha-1) e um tratamento mineral (nitrogênio e potássio), equivalente a 720 e 900 kg ha-1 ano-1. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos completos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com leituras repetidas no tempo, onde as parcelas constituíram as doses do composto e os ciclos de crescimento da gramínea, as subparcelas. As variáveis analisadas foram: biomassa total de forragem total (BTF), altura do dossel (ALT), densidade populacional de perfilhos (DPP) e eficiência de uso da água para produção de lâmina (EUALV) e de colmo (EUACV). No primeiro ciclo, a DPP apresentou resposta linear decrescente com o incremento das doses do composto ministrado, com valor de DPP estimada em 47 perfilhos m2 na dose de 79,8 Mg ha-1. As variáveis BFT e EUALV comportaram-se de maneira quadrática, com ponto de máximo de 23,53 Mg de MS ha-1 ciclo1 e 16,33 kg de MS mm-1 nas doses de 66,52 e 62,94 Mg ha-1 do composto orgânico, respectivamente. Conclui-se que as características estruturais e a eficiência de uso da água do capim-elefante foram responsivas ao uso do composto orgânico, sendo recomendado a aplicação de 67,7 Mg ha-1. Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-16T23:31:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cnpc2017Structural.pdf: 1116615 bytes, checksum: f111275ea3117a34cf036f5c3052dabe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-16

[Evaluation of Solvent Toxicity of Plant Extract with Antiviral Action in Refrigerated Goat Semen]. Background: Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus have been detected in sperm of breeding goats causing economic losses. In order to control the virus, researches aiming to identify natural extracts with potential antiviral effects are performed. However, aqueous or ethanolic extracts must be diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is a substance with unknown effects in sperm quality when present in diluting media. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate sperm viability of refrigerated caprine semen diluted in media containing DMSO. This was performed to provide data that aid in researches involving the use of this component with natural extracts that may inactivate the caprine lentivirus in sperm. Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Seminal Technology in Embrapa Goats and Sheep in the city of Sobral, Brazil. Sperm viability was assessed in caprine semen refrigerated in two dilution media with crescent concentrations of DMSO. Sperm samples of five goats seronegative for the caprine lentivirus were pooled and diluted in minimal essential medium (MEM) enriched with glucose at 0.01 M added of crescent concentrations of DMSO (0%, 1.5%, 1.75%, 2.0%, 2.25% and 2.5%). The same breeders provided the pool of sperm to test Tris added 2.5% of egg yolk and the same concentrations of DMSO previously mentioned. Treatments were refrigerated at 7°C and evaluated up until four h after DMSO addition. Individual progressive motility (MIP), sperm vigor (V), percentage of spermatozoa reactive to hypoosmotic test (HO) and morphologically normal (NOR) were evaluated. IPM, vigor and NOR remained within normal standards for the caprine species in all treatments test. Percentage results of spermatozoa reactive to hypoosmotic was higher in Tris yolk with values ranging between 34.66% to 46.33%. Sperm vigor was positively correlated (r = 0.85) with IPM in the MEM diluted pool of sperm. In Tris yolk, vigor and hypoosmotic test correlated moderately (r = 0.63, r = 0.54, respectively) with IPM. Tris yolk medium added DMSO presented the highest percentage of reactivity to hypoosmotic test in all treatments when compared to MEM added DMSO. Discussion: The fact that DMSO is easily homogenized in water, ethylic alcohol and most organic solvents favors its use in diluting natural extracts. These components are a possible source of products that inactivate caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in sperm, which is the key to promoting the safe use of genetic material of infected breeders, in addition to commercial use of germplasm. In this study, there was no interference of DMSO in the analyzed parameters when added in a maximum concentration of 2.5% to MEM and Tris yolk, which is in accordance with standard values for goats. In addition, Tris yolk may promote greater protection to the membrane of sperm cells, which was demonstrated by hypoosmotic test. This medium could be ideal to be used in new methodologies that incorporate DMSO. In conclusion, DMSO added to dilution media Tris yolk and MEM did not interfere with the quality of refrigerated caprine sperm, which maintained viability. These results indicate that this substance did not present harmful effects to the genetic material, promoting the use as solvent of extracts from plant compounds with potential anti-viral effect. The information in this study may aid new research performed in this area. Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-24T00:13:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2017Avaliacaodatoxicidade.pdf: 871218 bytes, checksum: 550cd83a809dce0b578c932c43ccdc49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-22 [ALICE ANDRIOLI PINHEIRO].

Bioactive molecules of plant species are promising alternatives for the chemical control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. Extracts of native and exotic seed species from Brazil's semi-arid region were tested in vitro in an egg hatch assay and the bioactivity of their proteins was investigated. Each seed species was subjected to three extractions with three types of solvents. All the seeds showed ovicidal activity, which varied according to the solvents. Higher ovicidal activity was found in the molecule fractions of low molecular weight (0.05, Bonferroni test). Hemagglutinating activity was detected in the fractions of C. spectabilis and M. oleifera fractions, hemolysin activity in the A. lebbeck and M. oleifera fractions, serine protease inhibitory activity in the A. lebbeck, I. asarifolia, J. curcas, M. oleifera and R. communis fractions, cysteine protease inhibitor activity in the M. oleifera fraction, and no protein activity in the L. ferrea fraction. The results of this work reveal new plant species with a potential for use in controlling nematode parasites in goats, thus opening a new field of research involving plant protein molecules with ovicidal properties. [Lectina, hemolisina e inibidores de protease em frações de sementes com atividade ovicida contra Haemonchus contortus]. Resumo: Moléculas bioativas de espécies vegetais são alternativas promissoras ao controle químico dos nematoides gastrintestinais em ruminantes. Extratos de sementes de espécies nativas e exóticas do Semiárido Brasileiro foram testados in vitro em ensaio de eclosão de ovos e investigada a natureza proteica da bioatividade. Três extrações com três solventes foram feitas para cada semente estudada. Todas as sementes apresentaram atividade ovicida, variando com o solvente utilizado. Maior taxa de inibição da eclosão concentrou-se nas frações de moléculas de baixa massa molecular (0,05, teste de Bonferroni). Observou-se atividade hemaglutinante nas frações de C. spectabilis e M. oleifera, de hemolisina em A. lebbeck e M. oleifera, de atividade inibidora de protease da serina em A. lebbeck, I. asarifolia, J. curcas, M. oleifera e R. communis, de atividade inibidora de protease da cisteína em M. oleifera e nenhuma atividade proteica na fração de L. ferrea. Os resultados revelaram novas espécies botânicas com potencial de controle de nematoides em caprinos e um novo campo de pesquisa, o estudo de moléculas de origem proteica com atividade ovicida.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-30T18:18:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352014000200014.pdf: 1430988 bytes, checksum: ab5146a04db176f51f6cb1cef5ee68aa (MD5) A artrite-encefalite caprina (CAE) é diagnosticada rotineiramente pela técnica de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA), que é considerada pouco sensível. Objetivou-se com este estudo padronizar testes de Elisa-i e Western Blot (WB) para diagnóstico precoce de anticorpos em caprinos contra CAEV e comparar os resultados obtidos nesses testes com a prova de IDGA. Para a padronização dos testes Elisa-i e WB, utilizaram-se diferentes concentrações e diluições de antígeno, soros e conjugado. No Elisa-i, adotaram-se microplacas rígidas com 96 poços, sendo a combinação de concentração de 0,5µg/poço de antígeno e diluições de 1:100 de soro e 1:1500 de conjugado a que apresentou melhor resultado. No WB foram utilizadas membranas de nitrocelulose, definindo-se as diluições de 1:50 de soro e 1:15000 de conjugado. Para avaliar o desempenho das técnicas, 222 amostras de soro caprino foram testadas e os dados obtidos foram comparados com o IDGA. A sensibilidade e a especificidade do Elisa-i/IDGA, WB/IDGA e WB/Elisa-i foram de 70% e 91%, 100% e 72,6%, 84,6% e 76,5%, concomitantemente. O índice Kappa desses testes foi de 0,35, 0,2 e 0,36, respectivamente. As técnicas de Elisa-i e WB apresentaram-se mais sensíveis que a IDGA, podendo ser utilizadas como ferramentas para o diagnóstico precoce da CAE. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is routinely diagnosed with the Agarose Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) technique, which is considered to have low sensitivity. The objective of this study was to standardize testing i-Elisa and Western Blot for early detection of antibodies against CAEV in goats and compare the results obtained in these tests with proof of AGID. For standardization of i-Elisa and WB, different concentrations and dilutions of antigen, sera and conjugate were used. In the i-Elisa, rigid microplate with 96 wells was adopted, and the combination that showed the best result was a concentration of 0.5µg/ well of antigen and dilutions of the serum of 1:100 and conjugate of 1:1500. In the WB nitrocellulose membranes were used, and the dilutions of the serum were defined at 1:50 and conjugate at 1:15000. To evaluate the performance of the techniques, 222 goat serum samples were tested and the data were compared with the AGID. The sensitivity and specificity of Elisa-i/IDGA, WB/AGID and WB/Elisa-i were 70% and 91%, 100% and 72.6%, 84.6% and 76.5%, concomitantly. The Kappa index of these tests was 0.35, 0.2 and 0.36, respectively. The i-Elisa and WB techniques were more sensitive than the AGID and can be used as tools for early diagnosis of CAE. Universidade Estadual do Ceará Faculdade de Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú Universidade Federal da Bahia Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Ceará Universidade Estadual Paulista

Resumo: Com o crescimento da indústria sucroalcooleira, buscam-se alternativas de uso dos resíduos gerados por ela. Os pequenos ruminantes de raças naturalizadas do Nordeste brasileiro mostram-se como grupos potenciais para que seja utilizado o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BCA) nas dietas. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se determinar a degradabilidade ruminal in situ da matéria seca (MS) e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do BCA e os parâmetros ruminais em caprinos Moxotó e ovinos Morada Nova, fistulados no rúmen. Contidos em sacos de náilon, 3g de BCA foram incubados no rúmen nos tempos seis, 24 e 96 horas, determinando-se o conteúdo de MS e FDN nos resíduos obtidos. Nos tempos zero, seis e 12 horas após a primeira refeição, mediram-se no líquido ruminal pH e nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) ruminal. O CMS não diferiu entre caprinos e ovinos. O potencial de máxima degradação da MS foi semelhante entre espécies, e da FDN foi superior em caprinos. Ovinos apresentaram maiores tempo de colonização, taxa de degradação e degradabilidade efetiva da MS e FDN. O pH não diferiu entre as espécies. Observou-se maior concentração de N-NH3 ruminal em caprinos, no tempo zero. Diante da maior velocidade de degradação da MS do BCA pelos ovinos, essa espécie se mostra detentora de uma microbiota ruminal com crescimento mais eficiente sobre o BCA. [In situ degradability of sugarcane bagasse for naturalized small ruminant breeds from the northeastern Brazil]. Abstract: With the increase of the sugar and alcohol industries, alternative uses for residue are sought, and the small ruminants from the naturalized breeds of northeastern Brazil are potential groups to make use of the sugarcane bagasse (SCB) in their diets. In this context, the objective was to determine the in situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of SCB and ruminal parameters in Moxotó goats and Morada Nova sheep rumen fistulated. Three grams of SCB were placed in naylon bags and incubated in the rumen at 6, 24 and 96 hours, and the residues analyzed for DM and NDF. Rumen fluid was collected at zero, 6 and 12 hours after the first meal and pH and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) were determined. DMI did not differ between goats and sheep. The maximum degradation potential of DM was similar between species and the A of NDF was higher in goats. Sheep had higher colonization time, rate of degradation and effective degradability of DM and NDF. The pH did not differ between species. The highest concentration of ruminal N-NH3 in goats was at time zero. Given the higher rate of degradation of bagasse dry matter by sheep, this specie shows a more efficient rumen microbial growth on SCB.

Biomass flow characteristics and forage accumulation were evaluated in Bermudagrass (Tifton 85) pasture managed under intermittent stocking with different management strategies. The management levels utilized were conventional (10 cm residual height and unfertilized), light (20 cm residual height and unfertilized), moderate (20 cm residual height with fertilization of 300 kg N/ha.year) and intensive (10 cm residual height with fertilization of 600 kg N/ha.year). A randomized design was used with repeated measurements over time, in two periods of the year, with four replicates. There was significant effect of management × period of the year on the leaf elongation rate (LER). The management levels under fertilization (0.59 and 0.60 cm/tiller.day for the intensive and moderate management, respectively) and the rainy season (0.49 cm/tiller.day) showed the greatest stem elongation rate. Leaf senescence rate (LSR) before and after and total LSR were modified by the management × period of the year interaction. The intensive management, with 0.38 leaves/tiller.day, as well as the dry period, with 0.27 leaves/tiller.day, showed higher leaf appearance rate. The lowest phyllochron was observed in intensive management and dry periods, as well as an interaction with the management of the same periods of the year. There was management × period of year interaction effect on leaf lifespan; the highest value was found under conventional management and dry period. Both production and forage accumulation rates were higher in the intensive and moderate management levels and dry season, and there was interaction of the intensive management system with the seasons. Managing pastures under moderate and intensive rotational stocking, which occurred mainly in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, maximizes the flow of tissues and consequently production and accumulation of forage.

Two peroxidase (POX) forms, named PdPI and PdPII, were partially purified from the Pithecellobium dulce aril, using ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion exchange chromatography. Zymography of the proteins obtained after precipitation in the range of 60-90% ammonium sulfate (F6090 fraction) showed two bands with peroxidase activity. In DE-52 cellulose column, the peroxidase activity was detected in unadsorbed peak (PdPI) and adsorbed peak eluted with 0.2 mol L-1 NaCl (PdPII) suggesting that PdPI (~114 KDa) and PdPII (~77 KDa) are basic and acidic proteins, respectively, being PdPI stable at 80 ºC. This is the first report of partial purification of POX from P. dulce aril, indicating that this species may be a new source of enzymes for use in biosensors and other biotechnological applications. [Purificação Parcial e Estabilidade Térmica de Duas Peroxidases Extraídas de Arilos de Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth]. Resumo: Duas formas de peroxidase (POX), denominadas PdPI e PdPII, foram parcialmente purificadas de arilos de Pithecellobium dulce, utilizando precipitação com sulfato de amônio e cromatografia de troca iônica. O zimograma das proteínas obtidas após precipitação com sulfato de amônio na faixa de 60 a 90% de saturação (fração F6090), mostrou duas bandas com atividade peroxidásica. Na coluna de celulose DE-52, a atividade peroxidásica foi detectada nos picos não adsorvido (PdPI) e adsorvido (PdPII) eluído com NaCl 0,2 mol L-1, sugerindo que a PdPI (~114 KDa) e a PdPII (~77 KDa) são proteínas básicas e ácidas, respectivamente, sendo a PdPI estável a 80 ºC. Este é o primeiro relato de purificação parcial de POX obtida de arilos de P. dulce, indicando que esta espécie pode ser uma nova fonte de enzimas para utilização em biossensores e outras aplicações biotecnológicas. Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-01T01:06:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2016Partial.pdf: 469527 bytes, checksum: e7d9a190bf3237ba3389645657885494 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-30 [HEVILA OLIVEIRA SALLES FIGUEIREDO].

Resumo: Objetivou-se determinar as perdas econômicas decorrentes da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina, em parâmetros físico-químicos e de CCS do leite de cabras mestiças, criadas sob as condições ambientais do semiárido Cearense. A avaliação foi conduzida na Fazenda Experimental ? Santa Rita, pertencente à Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, em Sobral, CE. Foram utilizadas 40 cabras ½ Anglo-Nubiana x ½ Saanen. A produção leiteira foi verificada através de pesagens diárias durante 210 dias, e neste período, os parâmetros físico-químicos e de CCS foram mensurados a cada 28 dias. Foram calculadas as receitas com a venda de leite dos diferentes grupos, considerando-se a diferenciação de preço por qualidade. Observou-se que a CAE acarreta perdas econômicas significativas na receita da produção leiteira de cabras mestiças criadas nas condições ambientais do semiárido Cearense. Em virtude da pequena margem de lucro na produção de leite de cabra, estas perdas podem comprometer a rentabilidade da atividade. [Economic Losses Resulting from the Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis in the Production of Fat and Milk Total Solids]. Abstract: The objective was to determine the economic losses in production of milk?s fat and total solids due to the CAE in goat crossbred dairy herd under semiarid environmental conditions of Ceara state. The evaluation was conducted at the Experimental Farm - Santa Rita, which belongs to Embrapa Goats and Sheep, in Sobral, CE. Used 40 ½ Anglo-Nubian x ½ Saanen goats. Milk production was measured by daily weighing during the period of 210 days. Was calculated the revenue from the sale of milk quality for the different groups, considering the price differentiation for quality. It was noted that the CAE causes significant economic losses in revenue from milk production of crossbred goats raised in semiarid environmental conditions of Ceara. As a very small profit margin in the production of goat milk, these losses can compromise the productivity of the activity for the raisers. Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-21T08:02:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 APPerdaseconomicas.pdf: 241806 bytes, checksum: effaac58a918de8e2c7287ce8eb517ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-20

Abstrract: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the transmission of caprine lentivirus to sheep using different experimental groups. The first one (colostrum group) was formed by nine lambs receiving colostrum from goats positive for small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). The second group (milk group) was established by nine lambs that received milk of these goats. Third was a control group, consisting of lambs that suckled colostrum and milk of negative mothers. Another experimental group (contact group) was formed by eight adult sheep, confined with two naturally infected goats. The groups were monitored by immunoblotting (IB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). All lambs that suckled colostrum and milk of infected goats and six sheep of the contact group had positive results in the nPCR, although seroconversion was detected only in three of the exposed animals, with no clinical lentiviruses manifestation, in 720 days of observation. There was a close relationship between viral sequences obtained from infected animals and the prototype CAEV-Cork. Thus, it was concluded that SRLV can be transmitted from goats to sheep, however, the degree of adaptation of the virus strain to the host species probably interferes with the infection persistence and seroconversion rate.

Resumo: Os Lentivírus de Pequenos Ruminantes (LVPR) pertencem à família Retroviridae e causam enfermidades crônicas e progressivas, conhecidas como artrite-encefalite caprina em caprinos e maedi-visna em ovinos. As células da linhagem monocítico fagocitária são os principais alvos do vírus no organismo animal, que não consegue desenvolver resposta imune curativa. Baseando-se no fato de que a membrana nictitante (MN) sofre naturalmente infecção, no organismo do animal, por estes vírus, objetivou-se avaliar se essas são passiveis para o cultivo e se possuem bom crescimento em cultura, visando à produção de antígeno de lentivírus caprino (LVC) para técnica de imunodiagnóstico. Sendo assim, realizou-se explant de células de MN de um animal negativo para LVPR. Essas células foram sub-cultivadas por tripsinização e então inoculadas com a cepa padrão CAEV Cork. Os sobrenadantes foram coletados, clarificados por centrifugação a 3.300g e concentrados em sistema AMICON®. Após realizou-se o teste de Imunodifusão em Gel de Agarose (IDGA) do antígeno produzido. As células de MN demonstraram bom crescimento em cultura, foram permissíveis ao LVC e com isso pôde-se produzir antígeno, o qual apresentou uma evidente linha de precipitação no teste. [Caprine nictitating membrane cell culture for production of small ruminants lentivirus antigen.]. Abstract: Small Ruminants lentivirus (SRLV) belong to the Retroviridae family and is the etiologic agent of caprine arthritis encephalitis in goats and maedi-visna in sheep. Cells of the monocytic-phagocytic lineage are the main viral targets and infected hosts cannot develop a curative immune response. We evaluated whether nictitating membrane (NM) cells can be cultivated in vitro and also whether it is a feasible system for SRLV antigen production for immunodiagnosis purposes. MN cells were collected from a SRLV negative animal and cultivated in minimal essential media supplemented with bovine fetal serum. Subcultures were inoculated with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) Cork strain, the supernatant was collected, clarified by centrifugation (3.400 g for 20 minutes), concentrated using the AMICON® system. Samples were subjected to agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests. MN cells presented satisfactory performance, were amenable to several subcultivation.

[Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Blood from Buck Naturally Infected with Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis in Semiarid Region of Brazil]. Background: Studies have attempted to understand the importance of metalloproteinase (MMPs) in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by lentiviruses, being the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) the most investigated. Despite advances in studies with MMPs in others diseases, research correlating the presence and activity of gelatinases in animals affected by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), a lentiviruses, are incipient and there is a need for research aiming to understand the dynamic of these enzymes in animals infected and its relation to pathological condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and activity of the MMPs in blood serum of chronically infected bucks by CAEV. Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was constituted by two groups (n = 5 each group). The first one was composed of five naturally infected bucks (4-5 years) and second group constituted of five seronegative bucks (3-4 years) for CAE. Serology was performed using the Western Blotting (WB) and confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). These bucks belong to the experimental flock at Embrapa Goats and Sheep and the seropositive bucks were confirmed for CAE in the first two years. Blood samples were collected by puncturing the jugular vein from animals and evaluated by zymography (SDS-PAGE) using gelatin as substratum. Clinical examination was performed by evaluating the temperature (T), cardiac frequency (FC), respiratory frequency (FR) and clinical articular index (IAC). The IAC was calculated by measuring the circumference of carpal joint and metacarpal bone height (difference between greater extent carpal and metacarpal lesser extent). In infected and control groups were found molecular mass bands of 66 kDa (MMP-2), 72 kDa (pro-MMP-2), 86 kDa (MMP-9) and 92 kDa (pro-MMP-9). The correlation analysis between respiratory frequency (RF), cardiac frequency (CF) and temperature (T°C), with MMPs activity (pro-MMP-2 and MMP-2), showed a negative and not significant correlation for RF (r = -0.1285) and T (r = -0.2588) and positive for CF (r = 0.01038), but not significant. Using the gel densitometry analysis it was observed higher activity (P < 0.05) of the pro-MMP-2 and MMP-2 in seropositive group. Discussion: The caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is a multisystem infectious disease that causes production losses when present in flocks, especially the occurrence of arthritis. The higher activity of the MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in infected group to CAE suggests a role of these proteases in the chronic inflammatory process in goats. It can be explained by the fact that matrix metalloproteinases are regarded to be the key role molecules in inflammation and are involved in pathophysiological remodeling of the vascular wall. The variable presence of active and latent forms of MMP-9 in our study combined to an increased in the seropositive group activity corroborates the findings of other studies. In this study, only one seropositive animal demonstrated apparent arthritis although showed similar MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activity to others in the seropositive group, leads us to suggest that all the seropositive animals were stricken with an inflammatory process. Although there was statistical difference between the groups regarding to MMPs activity, this was not reflected on clinical symptoms in chronically infecetd animals, requiring further studies on this subject.

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar cultivares de milheto em função de níveis de lâminas de irrigação, cultivado em solo degradado coletado em Irauçuba-CE. O trabalho foi conduzido em pleno sol, em vasos com 12,5 dm3 de solo, que apresentava baixa fertilidade. As cultivares utilizadas foram ADR500, BRS1501, BRS1502, BRS1503 e IPABulk-1, com quatro níveis de irrigação: 100, 80, 60 e 40% em função da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), que foi mensurado por tanque classe ´A´. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, com três repetições. Até o 34° dia após a germinação das plantas, a quantidade de água aplicada foi equivalente a 100% da ETc, e depois iniciou-se a implementação dos vários níveis de irrigação, as plantas foram avaliadas 14 dias após a aplicação das lâminas, cujas variáveis mensuradas foram massa de matéria seca, teor de clorofila e eficiência no uso da água, ainda procedeu-se o cálculo do coeficiente de sensibilidade ao déficit hídrico (KY). As variáveis massa seca de raiz, caule e total, e eficiência no uso da água apresentaram decréscimos com a diminuição da quantidade de água aplicada. Os valores de KY foram inferiores a um (1,0) para as cultivares ADR500, BRS1501, BRS1503 e IPABulk1 para lâmina de 80% da evapotranspiração da cultura. As cultivares BRS1503 e IPA-Bulk1 apresentaram maiores valores para massa seca total e eficiência no uso da água. [Production, chlorophyll and water use efficiency in millet grown in area with soil degraded]. Abstract: The objective was to study millet cultivars due to irrigation levels, in degraded soil of Irauçuba, State of Ceará. The study was conducted in full sun, in pots with soil 12.5 dm3, which had low fertility. The cultivars used ADR500, BRS1501, BRS1502, BRS1503 and IPABulk-1, with four irrigation levels: 100, 80, 60 and 40% depending on the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), which was measured by a tank class 'A '. Therefore, the design was completely randomized in a factorial design with three replications. Until the 34th day after germination of plants the amount of water applied was equivalent to 100% of ETc, and after work began on the implementation of the various levels of irrigation, the plants were conducted for over 14 days, whose mass variables dry matter, content of chlorophyll and efficiency in water use were measured, still proceeded to calculate the sensitivity coefficients to water deficit (KY). The mass variables of dry root, stem and total efficiency of water use showed decreases with decreasing amount of water applied. The KY values were less than 1 for cultivars ADR500, BRS1501, BRS1503 and IPABulk1 to slide 80% of the crop evapotranspiration. The BRS1503 and IPA-Bulk1 cultivars showed higher values for total dry matter and efficiency in water use.

Resumo: Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo e características quantitativas e qualitativas de carcaça e dos não-componentes de carcaça de cordeiros SPRD (Sem Padrão Racial Definido) cruzados com as raças Santa Inês (SI) e Somalis Brasileira (SB) terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 16 cordeiros desmamados, machos, não castrados, com peso inicial 19,7±2,0kg e três meses de idade. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com blocos representados pelo peso inicial de cada grupo genético (½ SPRD x ½ SI e ½ SPRD x ½ SB), com oito animais por grupo. Os ovinos ½ SPRD x ½ SI apresentaram maior ganho de peso diário e total, comprimento e perímetro de pernil, comprimento interno da carcaça, peso e rendimento do corte serrote, peso e rendimento dos não-componentes da carcaça (pulmão e traqueia, fígado, rins, cabeça e patas). Os cordeiros ½ SPRD x ½ SB apresentaram maiores valores para escore de condição corporal inicial e final, espessura de gordura subcutânea, grau de acabamento, pH inicial e final. Assim, cordeiros mestiços ½ SPRD x ½ SI constituem uma alternativa promissora para o estabelecimento de sistemas produtivos mais eficientes, considerando a superioridade em ganho de peso e as características da carcaça relacionadas às medidas morfométricas, ao corte cárneo serrote e aos não-componentes da carcaça em relação aos animais ½ SPRD x ½ SB. No entanto, os cordeiros os cordeiros ½ SPRD x ½ SB apresentam superioridade quanto aos aspectos conservação da carcaça e nos casos de mercados com preferência por carcaça com maior teor de gordura. [Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs SPRD crossbreed with Santa Inês and Somalis Brasileira feedlot finished]. Abstract: We evaluated the growth performance and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of crossbred lambs meat (½ undefined breed - SPRD x ½ Santa Inês - SI and ½ SPRD x ½ Somalis Brasileira - SB) finished in feedlot. We used 16 lambs weaned males, intact, with an initial weight of 19.7 ± 2.0 kg and about three months old. We adopted the design of randomized blocks, with blocks represented by the initial weight ranges for each genetic group evaluated (½ SPRD x ½ SI and ½ SPRD x ½ SB), with eight replicates in each group. Sheep ½ SPRD x ½ SI had higher average daily weight gain, total weight gain, length and head ham, carcass internal length, weight and yield of the hindquarter, weights and performance of noncarcass components (lung and trachea, liver, kidney, head and feet). ½ SPRD x ½ SB showed higher values for body condition scores initial and final fat thickness, degree of finish, initial pH and final. In this study, crossbred ½ SPRD x ½ SI lambs is a promising alternative to obtaining of production systems more efficient considering the superiority of weight gain and carcass characteristics related to morphometric measurements, cut meat diet hacksaw and noncarcass components in the ½ SPRD x ½ SB animals. However, SPRD ½ x ½ SB lambs feature superiority as the conservation aspects of carcass and in the case of markets with preference for carcass with higher fat content. Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T09:28:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2014Desempenho.pdf: 162094 bytes, checksum: a78fae52a7f59d519d008d2653f4e885 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-19

Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a ocorrência da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em cabritos de Quixadá, Ceará, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 400 cabritos, com idade entre três e 360 dias, de ambos os sexos, com e sem padrão racial definido, procedentes de 25 estabelecimentos rurais distribuídos em três circuitos. As fezes foram cadastradas de acordo com o aspecto e cor, distribuídas em tubos tipo "eppendorf®" e congeladas in natura a -20°C, até o momento das extrações de DNA genômico do parasito com auxílio de kit comercial. Para amplificação de fragmentos da subunidade 18S do RNA ribossômico (rRNA) foi utilizada a "Nested"-PCR. A ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp em cabritos de Quixadá foi de 7,50% (30/400). A frequência no período seco e no chuvoso foi de 9,55% (19/199) e 5,47% (11/201), respectivamente (?2=2,39 e P>0,05). Amostras positivas foram identificadas em 64,00% (16/25) das propriedades estudadas e dessas amostras 50,00% (15/30) e 70,00% (21/30) tinham as fezes com aspecto e cor normais, respectivamente, sugerindo que cabritos assintomáticos estão eliminando oocistos. Não foi observada positividade para Cryptosporidium spp. em animais com 301 a 360 dias, demonstrando que animais mais velhos apresentam menos possibilidade de se infectarem com o parasito. [Occurrence of infection by Cryptosporidium spp. in goat kids (Capra hircus)]. Abstract: The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of infection by Cryptosporidium spp. in goat kids from Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil. The study included 400 goat kids of both sexes, 3 to 360 days old, with or without defined breed, originating from 25 farms distributed in three circuits. Feces were registered in accordance with the appearance and color, distributed into tubes Eppendorf tubes and frozen in natura at-20°C until the moment of extraction of genomic DNA from the parasite with the aid of a commercial kit. For amplification of fragments of the 18S subunit of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was used to Nested PCR. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in goats kids of the Quixadá was 7.50% (30/400). The frequency in the dry period and rainy was 9.55% (19/199) and 5.47% (11/201) respectively (2=2.39 and P>0.05). Positive samples were identified in 64.00% (16/25) of the studied farms, and from these samples 50.00% (15/30) and 70.00% (21/30) had feces with normal appearance and color respectively, suggesting that the asymptomatic goats were eliminating oocysts. No positivity for Cryptosporidium spp. was observed in 301 to 360-day-old goats, demonstrating that older animals have less chance to become infected with the parasite.

Resumo: O uso de compostos orgânicos é alternativa interessante como destino de subprodutos, sendo que para resíduos da pecuária, como a carcaça e restos de abatedouro, em que a geração de fertilizante orgânico permite a ciclagem de nutrientes, assim, objetivou-se a avaliar os efeitos do uso do composto orgânico proveniente de resíduos da produção e abate de caprinos e ovinos no crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes de mudas de gliricídia. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, com cinco doses de composto orgânico oriundo de resíduos da produção e abate de pequenos ruminantes adicionado no substrato em diferentes proporções (0, 10, 20 30 e 40%). Os tratamentos com cinco repetições foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três mudas por parcelas. As avaliações foram procedidas 90 dias após germinação das sementes, quando foram avaliados os parâmetros biométricos, biomassa relação massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz, índice de qualidade de Dickson, acúmulo de nutrientes nas mudas e taxa de recuperação. Todos os parâmetros biométricos e de biomassa foram afetados significativamente, com exceção da altura. A ordem decrescente de macro e micronutrientes acumulados em mudas de gliricídia foi de N>K>Ca>Mg>S>P e Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu, respectivamente. A taxa média de recuperação de nutrientes em mudas de gliricídia foram de 13,9; 3,8;18,4; 4,9; 5,8; 13,3; 1,6; 1,3; 82,5; 2,8 e 0,1% para N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn, respectivamente. Com base nesses resultados recomenda-se a utilização do composto orgânico na produção de mudas de gliricídia na dose de 22%. [Seedling production and nutrient accumulation in gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) fertilized with organic compound from the leftover of the production and slaughter of goats and sheep]. Abstract: The use of organic compound (OC) is a worthwhile alternative to deal with livestock waste such as the leftover from slaughterhouse. Such alternative generates organic fertilizer that promotes, among other benefits, the cycle of nutrients. This study therefore investigated the effects of OC from the leftover of the production and slaughter of goats and sheep on the growth and nutrient accumulation of gliricídia seedlings. The treatments consisted of five ratios of OC (0, 20, 30, 40%) mixed with a standard substrate used in all treatments. The experimental units were organized in a complete randomized block design with five replication and three seedling per plot grown under a controlled environment of a greenhouse. Biometric parameters (plant height, root length, stem diameter, number of branches, and number of nodes) and biomass production (ratio of dry weight of shoot and dry weight of roots) were collected after 90 days, which enables Dickson quality index (DQI) to be calculated. Nutrient accumulation and recovery by the seedlings were also verified. The results were significant for all evaluated biometric and biomass variables except plant height. The descending order of macro and micronutrients accumulated in roots, stems, and leaves were N>K>Ca>Mg>S>P and Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu, respectively. The average recovery rate for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn was 13,9; 3,8;18,4; 4,9; 5,8; 13,3; 1,6; 1,3; 82,5; 2,8 e 0,1%, respectively. Based on these findings, we suggest the use of the OC in the substrate of gliricídia seedling at the rate of 22. Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-15T07:58:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2015Producaoeacumulo.pdf: 956978 bytes, checksum: 51555df9837a7e4673158adc908abcbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-14

Resumo: Quando o homem começou a domesticar os animais e colocá-los em cativeiro, sua principal preocupação restringia-se a como impedi-los de escapar e como poderiam ser mantidos vivos e saudáveis. Mais tarde, começaram a se preocupar com a produção, sobretudo de leite e carne, o que exigia aumentar o número de crias. Durante esses tempos, os distúrbios advindos do estresse eram problemas, apenas, na medida em que eles afetavam a saúde e o desempenho do animal. O conceito de estresse só foi desenvolvido ao longo de várias décadas, por volta da metade do século 20, dando origem ao modelo atual em foco. Este sugere que a homeostase, ou seja, estabilidade por meio de mudanças, as quais acarretam alterações no metabolismo do corpo, ajuda o animal a antecipar novos desafios e, assim, responder a eles, contribuindo, dessa forma, para uma melhor adaptação ao seu ambiente. O estresse é responsável por alterações no metabolismo e, em consequência, no funcionamento dos diferentes sistemas, entre eles o reprodutivo. Estudos sobre o estresse nos animais domésticos, em especial bovinos, ovinos e suínos, são abundantes, pois eles representam grande parte da alimentação consumida no globo terrestre. Em caprinos, no entanto, esses estudos ainda são escassos, provavelmente, em virtude de sua pouca expressão no mercado global de carne e leite. Esta revisão visa mostrar os tipos de estresse mais estudados no caprino macho e sua interferência na função reprodutiva. [Stress on male goat reproduction]. Abstract: When man began to keep animals in captivity, his main concern was restricted to prevent them from escaping, and how they could be kept alive and healthy. Later they began to be concern about the production, focusing on producing more milk and meat and, therefore, increase the number of offspring. During these times, the disturbances arising from stress were problems only if they affect the health and animals performance. The concept of stress has only been developed over several decades, by the mid-20th century, giving rise to the current model in focus, in which suggests that homeostasis, which means stability through change, causing changes in the functioning of the body, help the animal to anticipate new challenges and thus respond to them, thus contributing to a better adaptation to their environment. The stress is responsible for alterations in body metabolism and, therefore, the function of the different systems, including among them the reproduction. Studies on stress in domestic animals, especially cattle, sheep and pigs are plentiful, as they represent most of the food consumed on the globe. In goats, however, these studies are still scarce, probably because of its low expression in the global market of meat and milk. This review aims to show the types of stress most studied in male goats and their interference on reproductive function.

Resumo: A Artrite Encefalite Caprina (CAE) é uma enfermidade infectocontagiosa causada por um vírus pertencente ao gênero lentivírus, denominado de vírus da Artrite Encefalite Caprina (CAEV). O CAEV é encontrado em vários tecidos, como o nervoso, o pulmonar, o da glândula mamária e do trato genital masculino e feminino. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho identificar a presença do CAEV, pelas técnicas de diagnóstico moleculares, em ovócitos e fluido uterino, visando avaliar a possibilidade de transmissão do CAEV pela reprodução. Foram selecionadas 13 cabras comprovadamente infectadas, as quais foram submetidas à eutanásia para coleta do aparelho reprodutor, aspiração do fluido uterino e dissecção dos ovários para coleta de ovócitos. Para identificação do CAEV nas amostras coletadas, na forma de provírus e na forma livre, foram realizadas as técnicas de PCRn e RT-PCRn, respectivamente. Observaram-se que 53,8% dos ovócitos foram positivos à técnica de RT-PCRn, enquanto apenas 9,1% foram positivos à PCRn. A técnica de RT-PCRn também identificou o vírus no fluido uterino de 46,1% das fêmeas testadas. Embora as 13 cabras em experimento fossem portadoras do CAEV, 30,8% apresentaram resultados negativos na PCRn e RT-PCRn em todas as amostras analisadas (ovócito e fluido uterino). Conclui-se que a PCRn e a RT-PCRn podem ser utilizadas no diagnóstico da CAE tendo os ovócitos e o fluido uterino como materiais de análise, e que a presença do CAEV nestes materiais aponta para o risco da transmissão do CAEV através das tecnologias reprodutivas aplicadas às fêmeas. [Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus is detected in oocytes and uterine fluid by nested PCR and nested RT-PCR]. Abstract: Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is an infectious disease caused by the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), belonging to the lentivirus genus. The presence of the virus has been observed in the nervous system, respiratory tract and mammary gland, and also in the male and female genital tract. The objective of this study is to identify the virus in oocyte and uterine fluid of infected goats by molecular diagnostic techniques, in order to assess the possibility of CAEV transmission with reproduction. Thirteen infected goats were selected and submitted to euthanasia for the collection of the reproductive system, aspiration of the uterine fluid and dissection of ovaries for oocyte collection. In order to identify the CAEV in the collected material, in the protovirus and free forms, it was submitted to the nRT-PCR and nPCR techniques, respectively. As a result, it was observed that 53.8% of oocytes were positive to nRT-PCR, while only 9.1% were positive to nPCR. The nRT-PCR also identified the virus in the uterine fluid of 46.1% of the tested females. Even though the 13 goats had CAEV, 30.8% presented negative results in nPCR and nRTPCR in all of the analyzed samples (oocyte and uterine fluid). This work concludes that nRT-PCR and nPCR can be used in the diagnosis of CAE for the analysis with oocytes and uterine fluid, and that the presence of CAEV in these materials points out to the risk of CAEV transmission through reproductive technologies used in females.

Investigou-se o comportamento das proteínas totais e de suas frações (albumina, globulina e gamaglobulina) durante 22 dias pós-parto, em fêmeas das raças Moxotó e Saanen, e de suas crias que receberam colostro termizado. As proteínas totais no colostro e no soro das cabras Moxotó e Saanen não apresentaram diferença (P>0,05) (6,65±3,06; 6,34±0,54 g/dL vs 6,23±4,49; 6,61±0,53 g/dL), respectivamente, entre as raças, enquanto suas respectivas crias diferiram (P0,05) entre a albumina no colostro e no soro (2,52±0,31; 2,87±0,18 vs 2,31±0,19; 3,68±0,76 g/dL) das fêmeas Moxotó e Saanen, respectivamente, como também no soro de suas respectivas crias (P>0,05)(2,54±0,18; 2,88±0,99 g/dL). A globulina no colostro das fêmeas Moxotó e Saanen mostraram-se elevados nas primeiras 24 horas pós-parto, como também (P0.05)(6.65 ± 3.06;6.34 ± 0.54 vs 6.23 ± 4.49; 6.61 ± 0.53) between breeds, respectively, while their offspring showed difference (P< 0.05) (6.62 ± 0.45 vs 5.15 ± 0.76) between races. The albumin levels did not differ (P>0.05) in colostrum and serum (2.52 ± 0.31; 2.87 ± 0.18 vs 2.31 ± 0.19; 3. 68 ± 0.76) between Moxotó and Saanen matrices, respectively, as well as their offspring (P> 0.05)(2.54 ± 0.18; 2.88 ± 0.99). The globulin in female Moxotó and Saanen colostrum increased in the first 24 h, and also in its kids (P

The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and economic viability of producing sheep fed different levels of roughage, concentrate, and water. Forty Santa Inês crossbred sheep with an average initial weight of 18.85 ± 2.80 kg and an average age of 5.0 ± 2.0 months were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement composed of two proportions of roughage and concentrate (30:70 and 70:30) and two levels of water supply (ad libitum, and 50% restriction), with 10 replicates. Water restriction had a negative effect (P0.05) feed conversion or feed conversion. Total weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency were influenced by the proportions of roughage and concentrate. In conclusion, the diet with 70% roughage, associated with a water restriction of 50%, reduced the uptake of energy and protein, compromising the animal performance. The combination of the diet plus concentrate and water restricted to 50% of the free consumption provides a better cost-benefit ratio.

Male Effect, natural alternative for induction and synchronization of estrus in female goats bred in agrosilvopasture system. Abstract: The females were exposed to the male effect for 45 days for 80 minutes twice a day. Reproductive parameters recorded were: percentage of females in estrus, onset of estrus, rate of return to estrus and rate of fertility. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic. Of the females submitted to male effect 100% they had revealed estrus clinical. With respect to clinical signs of estrus, it was observed that 69% had estrus between 7-10 days after introduction of the ruffian in the flock. The rate of return to estrus was 25% in the interval of 8 to 24 days. The fertility rate of the herd was 93.75%. Therefore it is concluded that the male effect showed satisfactory results for female goats bred in agrosilvopasture system. Trabalho apresentado no 6o. Congresso Norte Nordeste de Reprodução animal, 2012, Fortaleza.

Sexual behavior of goats under male effect created in agrosilvopasture system. Abstract:It was performed a breeding season lasting 45 days, in it waswhich assessed the sexual behavior of 16 Anglonubians goats through anethogram divided into behavioral and physical signs. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. The behavioral signs like seeking male, shaking tail, mount or let it ride for others females and the physicists like red and swollen vulva showed a significant relationship (p< 0,05) with the sexual receptivity of the female to the male. The estrus concentration occurred until the fourth week (around thirty days), resulting in 93.75% of pregnancy. While in the fifth week it was not observed signs of estrus. Therefore, the visual identification of the receptive female to the male reduces using of the reproductives in excess. Moreover the period of thirty days for the breeding season was satisfactory for the reproductive success. Trabalho apresentado no 6o. Congresso Norte Nordeste de Reprodução animal, Fortaleza.

This work aimed to determine the nutrient intake and quantitative aspects of sheep carcass from three different genetic groups. Eighteen animals with initial average body weight of 20.1kg were used in a completely randomized design, in a factorial 3x2 scheme (three different crossbreeds ? 6 F1Dorper x non defined breed, 6 F1Somalis x non defined breed and 6 F1Santa Inês x non defined breed versus two diets). The diets fed to the animals were formulated with or without cashew nuts. The inclusion of cashew nut meal in the diet influenced nutrient intake. Differences of intake among the animal groups were observed as higher intake for F1Dorper x non defined breed (NDB), followed by F1Somalis x NDB and for F1Santa Inês x NDB. However, the control diet produced no difference among these genotypes. The average daily gain was lower for both crossbreeds when cashew nut meal was added in the diets. The evaluated crossbreeds and diets did not affect the feed:gain ratio. The carcasses analyses showed that the inclusion of cashew nut meal in the diets reduced the cold carcass weight and the rib weight. The addition of cashew nut meal in the diets for lambs reduces food intake and carcass yield. The crossbreed F1Dorper x NDB presented the higher rate of average daily gain. [Consumo de nutrientes e aspectos quantitativos de carcaça de ovinos em terminação alimentados com dietas contendo farelo de castanha de caju]. Resumo: Objetivou-se determinar o consumo de nutrientes e os aspectos quantitativos da carcaça de ovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos com dietas com ou sem farelo de castanha de caju. Foram usados dezoito ovinos com peso inicial médio de 20,1kg em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (três cruzamentos e duas dietas diferentes). A inclusão do farelo de castanha de caju influenciou (P

Os caprinos têm um sistema de termorregulação que visa manter a temperatura corporal constante dentro de certos limites, independente da temperatura ambiente. Quando esses limites são estabelecidos, eles são usados em diversos mecanismos fisiológicos para manter a temperatura corporal (TC) dentro dos limites normais. Assim, a produção animal pode diminuir devido ao estresse térmico causado por temperaturas elevadas, especialmente em áreas semi-áridas como o Nordeste do Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento fisiológico de diferentes grupos genéticos de caprinos nativos de acordo com a resposta fisiológica das varáveis temperatura retal (TR), frequência respiratória (FR), batimentos cardíacos (BC) e movimentos ruminais (MR), e estabelecer os parâmetros fisiológicos para estas raças sob as condições do semiárido do Nordeste do Brasil. Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 30 animais, sendo cinco machos e dez fêmeas da raça Canindé e cinco machos e dez fêmeas da raça Moxotó, dos quais foram aferidos as variáveis BC, FR e TR nos meses de abril e setembro/2007 e 2008. Observou-se influência significativa (P

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito in vitro de antissépticos e desinfetantes contra a Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis e descrever a curva de crescimento deste micro-organismo em caldo de infusão de cérebro e coração adicionado de 0,1% de Tween 80 (BHI + T), ao longo de 48 horas. Foram avaliados tintura de iodo a 10%, hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%, permanganato de potássio a 5%, sabonete líquido antisséptico Aseptol® e álcool etílico absoluto (99,8%), por meio da metodologia da disco-difusão. Um swab estéril foi imerso na suspensão bacteriana produzida e semeado em placa de ágar Mueller-Hinton. Discos estéreis foram embebidos em cada solução a ser testada e distribuídos na superfície do ágar. Os resultados foram obtidos de acordo com o diâmetro do halo produzido ao redor dos discos. Para obtenção da curva de crescimento, colônias isoladas do micro-organismo foram inoculadas em frasco contendo BHI + T. A cada quatro horas, 2 mL eram retirados para medição da massa celular em espectrofotômetro e 1 mL para realização das diluições seriadas, plaqueamento em ágar sangue e contagem de células viáveis. Observou-se que, para a obtenção de uma concentração máxima de C. pseudotuberculosis, próxima a 1.200 x 105 células viáveis/mL, deve-se manter o inóculo sob incubação adequada por um período de 28 a 40 horas. Quanto à prova de sensibilidade, verificou-se que a tintura de iodo a 10%, seguida pelo hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5% e permanganato de potássio a 5%, foram os antissépticos e desinfetantes com maior poder bactericida in vitro contra a C. pseudotuberculosis. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of antiseptics and disinfectants against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and to define the growth curve of this microrganism inoculated in brain heart infusion broth plus 0.1% of Tween 80 (BHI + T), for 48 hours incubation. For the susceptibility test, evaluations were made using 10% iodine, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 5% potassium permanganate, Aseptol® liquid soap, and absolute ethyl alcohol (99.8%), by way of the disc-diffusion method. A sterile swab was immersed in a bacterial suspension and plated in Mueller-Hinton agar. Sterile discs were immersed in each solution to be tested and distributed on the agar surface. The results were obtained according to the inhibition circle diameter formed around the disc. For the growth curve determination, colonies were inoculated in a bottle containing BHI + T. Every 4 hours, 2 mL was withdrawn to evaluate the cell mass in a spectrophotometer, and 1 mL was taken to perform serial dilutions, blood agar base plating and counting of viable cells. It was observed that in order to reach the maximum concentration of C. pseudotuberculosis, close to 1,200 x 105 viable cells/mL, the inoculum must be maintained at appropriate incubation for a period of 28-40 hours. The sensibility test indicated

Resumo: A manifestação clínica na glândula mamária da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina (CAE) é freqüente e tem grande significado econômico na caprinocultura ao comprometer a produção leiteira e predispor a glândula mamária a infecções secundárias. Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a prevalência e isolar e identificar os microrganismos causadores de mastite em animais livres e portadores de CAE. Foram utilizadas 44 cabras mestiças Saanen x Anglo-Nubiana, sendo 19 positivas para a CAE e 25 livres da enfermidade. As amostras de leite para o microbiológico foram coletadas de cada teto, durante sete meses, plaqueadas em Ágar Sangue e mantidas sob incubação a 37°C por 48h, totalizando 588 amostras. As colônias foram caracterizadas macro e microscopicamente. Posteriormente foram submetidas às provas bioquímicas de acordo com a suspeita microbiológica. Em relação ao grupo de animais infectados pela CAE, 28,17% das amostras analisadas foram microbiologicamente positivas, e no rebanho negativo, 18,15% obtiveram resultado positivo. Foi constatada diferença estatística significativa (p

Resumo: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis é um bacilo Gram positivo causador da Linfadenite Caseosa (LC) nos pequenos ruminantes. O tratamento atualmente preconizado para esta enfermidade consiste na drenagem e cauterização química dos abscessos em estágio avançado de evolução, apesar deste procedimento representar grande risco de contaminação ambiental. Objetivou-se com este estudo descrever a curva de crescimento da C. pseudotuberculosis (1), avaliar o efeito in vitro de cinco antissépticos e desinfetantes contra a C. pseudotuberculosis (2) e determinar a eficácia in vivo da aplicação dos dois produtos com maior poder bactericida in vitro contra a C. pseudotuberculosis, no interior do abscesso de animais acometidos pela LC. Os produtos avaliados in vitro foram: tintura de iodo a 10%, hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%, permanganato de potássio a 5%, sabonete líquido antisséptico Aseptol® e álcool etílico absoluto (99,8%), utilizando-se quatro repetições e o teste de Tukey (p

Inibidores da enzima transcriptase reversa e da protease foram avaliados quanto ao seu efeito inibitório na replicação do Vírus da Artrite Encefalite Caprina (CAEV) cepa CAEV Cork e do vírus Maedi-Visna (MVV) cepa K1514 cultivados em células fibroblásticas de caprinos. Os fármacos utilizados foram: lamivudina, didanosina, estavudina, zidovudina, efavirenz, atazanavir e lopinavir/ritonavir. A maior concentração utilizada para lamivudina, estavudina, zidovudina e efavirenz foi 500 μM, para atazanavir foi 50 μM e 5,0 μM para lopinavir/r e didanosina. A atividade antiviral in vitro foi pesquisada por meio da avaliação da viabilidade celular através da redução do MTT e pela pesquisa de inibição dos efeitos citopáticos (CPE) dos vírus. A replicação dos vírus só não foi completamente bloqueada pelos inibidores de protease (IP) atazanavir e lopinavir/r enquanto os demais apresentaram eficácia antiviral significativa em diferentes concentrações. Os IP juntamente com o efavirenz, não mostraram atividade antiviral quando foram avaliados pela técnica de redução do MTT. Esses dados indicam que os fármacos inibidores da transcriptase reversa lamivudina, didanosina, estavudina e zidovudina são eficazes na inibição in vitro dos lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes. Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-06T18:22:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 APIInibicaodoslentivirusdepequenosruminantespordrogasantivirais.pdf: 289799 bytes, checksum: 9b50cd503b1837328cb18916de810e5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-11

Resumo: Avaliaram-se o desempenho produtivo e a viabilidade econômica da utilização de diferentes dietas na terminação de ovinos. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos machos inteiros com sete meses de idade e peso vivo inicial de 25kg. O experimento teve duração de 60 dias, sendo que os animais tiveram sete dias de adaptação às dietas e 53 para o período de pesagens, coletas das sobras e dietas oferecidas. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições: milho + soja + feno de Tifton 85 (DR); milho + soja + caju + feno de Tifton 850 (DC); milho + soja + maracujá + feno de Tifton 85 (DM); milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo (MDPS) + feno de leucena + feno de Tifton 85 (DL). Observou-se efeito do tratamento (P