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1. Jack-of-all-trades effects drive biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in European forests

Author

Van der Plas, Fons, Manning, Peter, Allan, Eric, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Wirth, Christian, Zavala, Miguel Angel, Hector, Andy, Ampoorter, Evy, Baeten, Lander, Barbaro, Luc, Bauhus, Jürgen, Benavides, Raquel, Benneter, Adam, Berthold, Felix, Bonal, Damien, Bouriaud, Olivier, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Carnol, Monique, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Yohan, Coomes, David, Coppi, Andrea, Bastias, Cristina C., Muhie Dawud, Seid, De Wandeler, Hans, Domisch, Timo, Finér, Leena, Gessler, Arthur, Granier, André, Grossiord, Charlotte, Guyot, Virginie, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Jactel, Hervé, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Joly, François-Xavier, Jucker, Tommaso, Koricheva, Julia, Milligan, Harriet, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nguyen, Diem, Pollastrini, Martina, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, Selvi, Federico, Stenlid, Jan, Valladares, Fernando, Vesterdal, Lars, Zielínski, Dawid, Fischer, Markus, Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Bouriaud, Olivier [0000-0002-8046-466X], Nguyen, Diem [0000-0002-9680-5772], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Bern, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), University of Oxford [Oxford], Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava (USU), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Université de Liège, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Institut fédéral de recherches WSL, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Uniwersytet Warszawski, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Universität Leipzig, University of Oxford, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum - BiK-F (GERMANY), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg - MLU (GERMANY), Universidad de Alcalá - UAH (SPAIN), Université de Bordeaux 1 (FRANCE), University of Cambridge (UNITED KINGDOM), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos - URJC (SPAIN), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava - USU (ROMANIA), Université de Liège (BELGIUM), Royal Holloway University of London - RHUL (UNITED KINGDOM), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research - iDiv (GERMANY), Los Alamos National Laboratory - LANL (USA), Universität Leipzig (GERMANY), Luonnonvarakeskus - LUKE (FINLAND), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (SPAIN), Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet - SLU (SWEDEN), Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft - WSL (SWITZERLAND), Universiteit Gent - UGENT (BELGIUM), University of Bern (SWITZERLAND), Københavns Universitet - KU (DENMARK), Università degli Studi di Firenze (ITALY), Universität Freiburg (GERMANY), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - KU LEUVEN (BELGIUM), Université de Lorraine (FRANCE), University of Oxford (UNITED KINGDOM), Uniwersytet Warszawski - UW (POLAND), Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés - BIOGECO (Bordeaux, France), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières - EEF (Champenoux, France), Dynamiques et Ecologie des Paysages Agriforestiers - DYNAFOR (Castanet-Tolosan, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Biodiversity, SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS, General Physics and Astronomy, 580 Plants (Botany), Forests, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, biodiversité, Trees, CARBON, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Multidisciplinary, CHALLENGES, Ecology, SPECIES RICHNESS, STATISTICAL INEVITABILITY, Europe, Biological sciences, Ecosystèmes, Multifunctionality, Biodiversité, Science, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, écosystème, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Environmental science, multifonctionalité, Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Sylviculture, foresterie, Species Specificity, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, PLANT DIVERSITY, Mechanism (biology), Environmental and Society, CURRENT KNOWLEDGE, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, SERVICES, Models, Theoretical, EXTRACTION METHOD, NITROGEN, Medio Ambiente, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Chemistry (all), Physics and Astronomy (all), Complementarity (molecular biology), Earth and Environmental Sciences, Spatial ecology, Species richness, Environnement et Société
Abstract

Fons van der Plas [et al.].- Received 8 September 2015, Accepted 19 February 2016, Published 24 March 2016, There is considerable evidence that biodiversity promotes multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality), thus ensuring the delivery of ecosystem services important for human well-being. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood, especially in natural ecosystems. We develop a novel approach to partition biodiversity effects on multifunctionality into three mechanisms and apply this to European forest data. We show that throughout Europe, tree diversity is positively related with multifunctionality when moderate levels of functioning are required, but negatively when very high function levels are desired. For two well-known mechanisms, ‘complementarity’ and ‘selection’, we detect only minor effects on multifunctionality. Instead a third, so far overlooked mechanism, the ‘jack-of-all-trades’ effect, caused by the averaging of individual species effects on function, drives observed patterns. Simulations demonstrate that jack-of-all-trades effects occur whenever species effects on different functions are not perfectly correlated, meaning they may contribute to diversity–multifunctionality relationships in many of the world’s ecosystems.

Published
2016

2. New synthetic procedure for the antiviral sulfonate carbosilane dendrimer G2-S16 and its fluorescein-labelled derivative for biological studies.

Author

Gutiérrez-Ulloa C, Peña-González CE, Barrios-Gumiel A, Ceña-Díez R, Serramía-Lobera MJ, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Javier de la Mata F, Sánchez-Nieves J, and Gómez R

Abstract

The anionic carbosilane (CBS) dendrimer with sulfonate groups G2-S16 is a promising compound for the preparation of a microbicide gel to prevent HIV infection. However, until now its synthesis required aggressive conditions. Hence, a reliable synthetic procedure is very important to face GMP conditions and clinical trials. In this study, G2-S16 has been prepared by a new approach that involves the addition of an amine-terminated dendrimer to ethenesulfonyl fluoride (C 2 H 3 SO 3 F, ESF) and then transformation to the sulfonate dendrimer by treatment with a base. This strategy also makes feasible the synthesis of a labelled sulfonate dendrimer (G2-S16-FITC) to be used as a molecular probe for in vivo experiments. Interestingly, G2-S16-FITC enters into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Published
2020
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3. Effect of PEGylation on the biological properties of cationic carbosilane dendronized gold nanoparticles.

Author

Barrios-Gumiel A, Sánchez-Nieves J, Pedziwiatr-Werbicka E, Abashkin V, Shcharbina N, Shcharbin D, Glińska S, Ciepluch K, Kuc-Ciepluch D, Lach D, Bryszewska M, Gómez R, and de la Mata FJ

Subjects
Cations chemistry, Cell Survival drug effects, Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic methods, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods, Dendrimers chemistry, Drug Carriers chemistry, Dynamic Light Scattering, Erythrocytes drug effects, Gold chemistry, HeLa Cells, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Metal Nanoparticles ultrastructure, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Platelet Aggregation drug effects, Polyethylene Glycols chemistry, Silanes chemistry, Toxicity Tests, Dendrimers toxicity, Drug Carriers toxicity, Gold toxicity, Metal Nanoparticles toxicity, Silanes toxicity
Abstract

Heterofunctionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were obtained in a one pot reaction of gold precursor with cationic carbosilane dendrons (first to third generations, 1-3G) and (polyethylene)glycol (PEG) ligands in the presence of a reducing agent. The final dendron/PEG proportion on AuNPs depends on the initial dendron/PEG ratio (3/1, 1/1, 1/3) and dendron generation. AuNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-VIS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) and zeta potential (ZP). Several assays have been carried out to determine the relevance of PEG/dendron ratio and dendron generation in the biomedical properties of PEGylated AuNPs and the results have been compared with those obtained for non-PEGylated AuNPs. Finally, analyses of PEG recognition by anti-PEG antibodies were carried out. In general, haemolysis, platelet aggregation and toxicity were reduced after PEGylation of AuNPs, the effect being dependent on dendron generation and dendron/PEG ratio. Dendron generation determines the exposure of PEG ligand and the interaction of this ligand with AuNPs environment. On the other hand, increasing PEG proportion diminishes toxicity but also favors interaction with antibodies., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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4. PEGylated AgNP covered with cationic carbosilane dendrons to enhance antibacterial and inhibition of biofilm properties.

Author

Barrios-Gumiel A, Sanchez-Nieves J, Pérez-Serrano J, Gómez R, and de la Mata FJ

Subjects
Animals, Biofilms drug effects, Erythrocytes drug effects, Escherichia coli drug effects, Escherichia coli physiology, Hemolysis drug effects, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Sheep, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Staphylococcus aureus physiology, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Dendrimers administration & dosage, Metal Nanoparticles administration & dosage, Polyethylene Glycols administration & dosage, Silanes administration & dosage, Silver administration & dosage
Abstract

This work focuses on preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) covered with cationic carbosilane dendrons and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). It is well known that AgNP and cationic carbosilane dendritic systems present antibacterial properties. On the other hand, PEG ligand provides antifouling properties and improved biocompatibility. Hence, combination of both ligands, carbosilane dendrons and PEG, on the AgNP surface can be a way to improve antibacterial capacity of AgNP. The new family of heterofunctionalized AgNP has been directly synthesized using silver precursor and cationic carbosilane dendrons and PEG ligands containing a thiol moiety. AgNP were characterized by TEM, TGA, UV, 1 H NMR, DLS, Z potential, XRD. The antibacterial capacity of these systems was evaluated against E. coli and S. aureus. The results confirmed the influence of both silver core and cationic carbosilane dendrons on the activity of these systems. The behaviour obtained for PEGylated systems were slightly lower than for non-PEGylated AgNP. However, hemolysis assays demonstrated that this decrease was compensated for by the greater biocompatibility. To more completely characterize the improvements of PEGylation on dendronized AgNP, one non-PEGylated and one PEGylated AgNP were tested for resistance in a planktonic state. Both AgNPs barely affected the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) whereas reference antibiotics generated significant resistance. In addition, relevant improvement in biofilm inhibition was achieved by dendronized AgNP after PEGylation., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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5. Dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for HIV-1 capture and rapid diagnostic.

Author

Barrios-Gumiel A, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Jiménez JL, Gómez R, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, and de la Mata FJ

Subjects
Cell Line, Cell Survival drug effects, Dendrimers pharmacology, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear drug effects, Molecular Structure, Particle Size, Surface Properties, Dendrimers chemistry, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Magnetite Nanoparticles chemistry
Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a global public health problem. Detection and reduction of the rates of late diagnosis of HIV-1 infection are one of the main challenges in combating the HIV-1 epidemic. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have several characteristics that make them susceptible to capture HIV-1 of a wide range of biological samples reducing waiting times between the acquisition of HIV-1 infection and its detection by current techniques. Carbosilane dendrons decorated with peripheral carboxyl groups and alcoxysilane function at the focal point have been used to stabilize MNPs by co-precipitation method in one step. The characterization of these systems and of their carboxylate analogues was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ζ potential and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The ability of carboxyl and carboxylate MNPs to capture R5-HIV-1 and X4-HIV-1 strains was evaluated to achieve a rapid and easy diagnostic method in order to reduce or eliminate the risk of HIV-1 transmission., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2019
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6. Role of cationic carbosilane dendrons and metallic core of functionalized gold nanoparticles in their interaction with human serum albumin.

Author

Shcharbin D, Pedziwiatr-Werbicka E, Serchenya T, Cyboran-Mikolajczyk S, Prakhira L, Abashkin V, Dzmitruk V, Ionov M, Loznikova S, Shyrochyna I, Sviridov O, Peña-González CE, Gumiel AB, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ, and Bryszewska M

Subjects
Circular Dichroism, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kinetics, Protein Binding, Serum Albumin, Human metabolism, Structure-Activity Relationship, Cations chemistry, Dendrimers chemistry, Gold chemistry, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Serum Albumin, Human chemistry, Silanes chemistry
Abstract

Functionalization of gold nanoparticles by different chemical groups is an important issue regarding the biomedical applications of such particles. Therefore we have analyzed the interaction between gold nanoparticles functionalized by carbosilane dendrons with human serum albumin at different pHs, and in the presence of the protein unfolding agent, guanidine hydrochloride, using circular dichroism, zeta-potential and fluorescence quenching. The effect of a nanoparticle dendronization and pure dendrons on the immunoreactivity of albumin was estimated using ELISA. In addition, the tool to estimate the binding capacity of dendronized gold nanoparticles using a hydrophobic fluorescent probe 1,8-ANS (1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid) was chosen. We concluded that the effect of a nanoparticle on the structure, immunochemical properties and unfolding of albumin significantly decreased with second and third generations dendrons attached. Differences in pH dependence of the interaction between nanoparticles, their dendrons and albumin showed several effects of the "dendritic corona" and the metallic part of nanoparticle on the protein. These interactions indicate changes in the immunoreactivity of the protein, whereas dendron coating per se had no effect. Thus, dendronization of gold nanoparticles helps to shield them from interactions with plasma proteins., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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