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Objective: Examining orthopedic residents in Mexico, researchers explore the relationship between the presence of depressive or anxious symptoms and the degree of perfectionism, perceived work-related distress, and involvement in the care of patient(s) who died., Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey of 642 orthopedic residents from October 2019 to April 2021., Results: Of orthopedic residents contacted, 50.6% responded rate (70.9% male, average age 29.8 years). A total of 12.5% reported significant depressive symptoms and 18.4% reported significant anxious symptoms. On a scale from 0-100, the mean score of perceived work-related distress was 51.9. One-third (33.6%) reported being involved in the care of patient(s) who had died. Higher levels of work-related distress and higher scores on perfectionism were associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. In particular, being involved in the care of patient(s) who had died was associated with anxious symptoms (OR = 1.79; 95%CI = 1.18-2.72)., Conclusions: These results highlight the need for systematic monitoring of the mental health of orthopedic residents in Mexico, particularly those who report a high level of work-related distress or perfectionism or who have recently experienced the death of a patient., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

In this study we focused on urban bird diversity across Mexico, a megadiverse country, with a special focus on the relative role of urban greenspaces and heavily-built sites. We considered a country-wide approach, including 24 different sized Mexican cities. Our aims were to describe the urban bird diversity in focal cities and further assess the relationships between it and the biogeographic region where cities are located, their size, elevation, and annual rainfall. Additionally, we evaluated differences in the functional composition of bird communities in both studied urban scenarios (i.e., urban greenspaces, heavily-built sites). Our results confirm that urban greenspaces are home to a large proportion of species when contrasted with heavily-built sites. While total species richness and species richness of greenspaces were related with the cities' biogeographic region -with higher species richness in the Neotropical region and Transition Zone-, the relationship did not hold true in heavily-built sites. We found that annual rainfall was negatively related to bird richness in heavily-built sites, suggesting that species from arid systems can be more tolerant to urbanization. Regarding the bird functional group assessment, results show a clear differentiation between the functional groups of greenspaces and those of heavily-built sites, with granivores and omnivores associated with the latter and a highly diverse array of functional groups associated with urban greenspaces., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Evidence suggests that liability for suicide behavior is heritable; additionally, suicide has been partly related to other psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, most of the information reported so far address Caucasian and Asian individuals. Hence, our aim was to conduct a gene-level association study in Mexican psychiatric individuals diagnosed with suicide attempt., Methods: We recruited 192 individuals from two clinical centers in Mexico. All participants were born in Mexico and had Mexican parents and grandparents. Direct genotyping was performed using the commercial platform Infinium PsychArray BeadChip. A p-value lower than 1e-05 was considered as gene-level significant and a p-value lower than 1e-04 was considered as gene-level nominal significant., Results: Our analyses showed that SCARA5 was associated to suicide intent at a gene-level with statistical significance (p-value = 1.12e-6). Other genes were nominally associated with suicide attempt: GHSR (p-value = 0.0004), RGS10 (p-value = 5.13e-5), and STK33 (p-value = 3.62e-5). Regarding gene variant analyses, the SNPs with a statistical association (p > .05) were rs561361616, rs1537577, rs11198999 for RGS10, and rs11041981, rs11041993, rs11041994, rs11041995, rs11041997, rs10840083, rs10769918 for STK33. For these genes, previous studies have associated SCARA5 with depression, GHSR with alcohol dependence and depression, and RGS10 with schizophrenia and depression. To date, STK33 has not been associated with any psychiatric disorder., Conclusion: Our outcomes revealed that SCARA5, GHSR, RGS10 and STK33 could be considered as risk biomarkers for suicide attempt behavior in our Mexican psychiatric sample. We recommend to perform larger scale analyses to have conclusive results., (© 2019 The Authors. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Metformin is a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Several studies have also suggested that metformin decreases blood pressure; although an interaction with α-adrenoceptors has been proposed, this mechanism needs to be further investigated. Since α 1 -adrenoceptors play a significant role to regulate vascular tone, this study has analysed the potential ability of metformin to block α 1 -adrenoceptors in rat aorta and tail artery. For this purpose, the contractile responses induced by noradrenaline, methoxamine, and phenylephrine were determined in the absence or presence of metformin in rat aorta and tail artery rings. In both arteries, noradrenaline, methoxamine, and phenylephrine produced concentration-dependent contractile responses. Interestingly, the contractile responses to noradrenaline, methoxamine, and phenylephrine were significantly and differentially blocked by metformin (1, 3.1 and/or 10 mM) but not by vehicle. These results suggest that metformin is capable to block α 1 -adrenoceptors and may explain, at least in part, the anti-hypertensive effect observed in several clinical trials., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) is widely validated and used as a screening tool for bipolar disorder. However, there is no BSDS validated version for its use in Mexican population. The aim of the present study was to examine the BSDS diagnostic capacity, and to evaluate its criterion validity and internal consistency for its use in Mexican psychiatric patients. We recruited 200 patients who attended the psychiatric outpatient service of a Mental Health Specialized Hospital and were screened for bipolar disorder using BSDS. To determine the cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity, we used the SCID-I diagnosis as the gold standard in 100 participants with bipolar disorder and 100 with major depression. Internal consistency according to Cronbach's coefficient alpha was .81. The area under ROC curve for the overall discriminability of BSDS against the criterion of SCID-I for bipolar disorder was .90. Finally, a cut-off value of 12 reached the most stable sensitivity and specificity, with predictive powers higher than .80. In conclusion, the properties of the scale including internal consistency, sensitivity and specificity, make of BSDS a valuable instrument for screening bipolar disorder in Mexican psychiatric population.

Background: With the availability of high-quality asthma guidelines worldwide, one possible approach of developing a valid guideline, without re-working the evidence, already analysed by major guidelines, is the ADAPTE approach, as was used for the development of National Guidelines on asthma., Methods: The guidelines development group (GDG) covered a broad range of experts from medical specialities, primary care physicians and methodologists. The core group of the GDG searched the literature for asthma guidelines 2005 onward, and analysed the 11 best guidelines with AGREE-II to select three mother guidelines. Key clinical questions were formulated covering each step of the asthma management., Results: The selected mother guidelines are British Thoracic Society (BTS), GINA and GEMA 2015. Responses to the questions were formulated according to the evidence in the mother guidelines. Recommendations or suggestions were made for asthma treatment in Mexico by the core group, and adjusted during several rounds of a Delphi process, taking into account: 1. Evidence; 2. Safety; 3. Cost; 4. Patient preference - all these set against the background of the local reality. Here the detailed analysis of the evidence present in BTS/GINA/GEMA sections on prevention and diagnosis in paediatric asthma are presented for three age-groups: children with asthma ≤5 years, 6-11 years and ≥12 years., Conclusions: For the prevention and diagnosis sections, applying the AGREE-II method is useful to develop a scientifically-sustained document, adjusted to the local reality per country, as is the Mexican Guideline on Asthma., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Epinephelus morio is a large carnivorous species of the Caribbean Sea under reproduction in captivity and nutritional physiology. A diet with raw cornstarch (RCS) was compared to a basal diet without starch (basal) to measure plasma glucose, liver glycogen, and intermediary metabolism. Glucose level did not change (p > 0.05) whereas liver glycogen was significantly higher in fish fed the RCS diet (137.2 ± 14.5 mg g -1 ) than in fish fed the basal diet (87.4 ± 14.5 mg g -1 ). Oral glucose administration (170 mg glucose per 100 g body weight) yielded a slight change; two peaks of plasma glucose were recorded with basal (5.6 mM L -1 ) 2 h after oral administration and at 12 h (6.4 mM L -1 ). After 24 h, with 1.7 mM L -1 , fish returned to initial stage (2.4 mM L -1 ). RCS diet produced the highest level (6.3 mM L -1 ) 2 h after oral administration; lowest level observed at 24 h after oral administration (1.0 mM L -1 ). A significant effect was detected with the presence or absence of dietary carbohydrates (CBH) on hepatic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and pyruvate kinase activity. Grouper used two strategies to maintain glucose homeostasis: CBH present in the diet oriented towards gluconeogenesis, whereas no dietary CBH enhanced glycolytic route to liberate glucose and increase liver glycogen.

Transcription factors are proteins that modulate the transcriptional rate of target genes in the nucleus in response to extracellular or cytoplasmic signals. Activating transcription factors 2 (ATF2) and 3 (ATF3) respond to environmental signals and maintain cellular homeostasis. There is evidence that inflammation and nerve injury modulate ATF2 and ATF3 expression. However, the function of these transcription factors in pain is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of ATF2 and ATF3 to nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. L5/6 spinal nerve ligation induced tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Moreover, nerve damage enhanced ATF2 and ATF3 protein expression in injured L5/6 dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord but not in uninjured L4 dorsal root ganglia. Nerve damage also enhanced ATF2 immunoreactivity in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord 7 to 21 days post-injury. Repeated intrathecal post-treatment with a small-interfering RNA targeted against ATF2 (ATF2 siRNA) or anti-ATF2 antibody partially reversed tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. In contrast, ATF3 siRNA or anti-ATF3 antibody did not modify nociceptive behaviors. ATF2 immunoreactivity was found in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord co-labeling with NeuN mainly in non-peptidergic (IB4 + ) but also in peptidergic (CGRP + ) neurons. ATF2 was found mainly in small- and medium-sized neurons. These results suggest that ATF2, but not ATF3, is found in strategic sites related to spinal nociceptive processing and participates in the maintenance of neuropathic pain in rats.

Objective: We performed a study to identify differences between patients with impulsive suicide attempt and those with premeditated suicide attempt in a Mexican population., Method: We studied 144 patients who recently attempted suicide. Impulsive and premeditated suicide attempts were evaluated with the Suicide Intent Scale. These data were divided according to the type of attempt. Subsequently, the characteristics between the two groups were compared., Results: The rate of patients that made an impulsive attempt was 61.8% and only 9.7% of the patients carried out a premeditated suicide attempt. More years of schooling/education and less severity of the attempt were observed in patients that carried out an impulsive suicide attempt (p < 0.001). Alcohol consumption (0.003) and use of cannabis (0.002) were present in patients who premeditated a suicide attempt., Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that there are clinical differences among the individuals who carried out an impulsive suicide attempt from those who premeditated an attempt in a Mexican population. As a result, when planning interventions and prevention efforts it may be helpful to consider these clinical differences and demographic characteristics., (© 2015 The Author(s).)

Background: Jehovah's Witness refuse blood transfusion, but they accept organ transplantation, albumin, immunoglobulin, vaccines and clotting factors., Clinical Cases: We present 3 kidney transplants in Jehovah's Witness patients (two male and one female) without blood transfusion, with a mean age of 31.33 years and a mean body mass index of 20.99 kg/m(2). All patients underwent pretransplant peritoneal dialysis for an average of 52.3 months. Two transplants came from living donors and one from a deceased donor with a cold ischemia of 23 hours. The donors were two females and one male, with a mean age of 34.33 years. All patients received pretransplant erythropoietin and iron dextran and an intraoperative cell saver was used. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells and serum creatinine levels, as well as the glomerular filtration at 24 months postransplant were stable. All patients received induction with basiliximab and initial immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors. One of the patients had a perirenal hematoma as a complication, which required a surgery 20 days post-transplant. At 5, 26 and 36 months postransplant the three patients are alive and with functional grafts., Conclusion: It is possible to perform kidney transplantation without transfusion in Jehovah's Witness, obtaining an acceptable global survival without acute rejection.

To establish seasonal trends in infection and maturity of Fasciola hepatica in cattle in relation to macroclimatic factors, 2730 condemned livers were examined from March 1989 to February 1992. Livestock came from Jalapa, Tacotalpa and Teapa, all municipalities in Tabasco State. Flukes were collected monthly and separated into three different maturation stages. Mean numbers of flukes collected were determined. The analysis of the maturation stages detected in cattle showed: (a) F. hepatica matured throughout the year at all three sites; (b) the greatest mean fluke's burdens were found in Jalapa and the lowest in Teapa; large parasite populations were significantly higher from February to September than in July and/or August; (c) persistence of mature, gravid F. hepatica indicated that parasite eggs are shed throughout the year; (d) recruitment of F. hepatica occurred throughout the year with two major periods of infection, the first and main period during the dry season (from February to June), and a second minor infection period, during the rainy season (from August to October); (e) a close relationship was observed between the seasonal infection pattern in cattle and the seasonal infection pattern in snails, as well as fluctuations in the snail population according to rainfall and temperature variation.