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Se trata de una reseña al libro García Fernández, J.A. y Moreno Herrero (coord.) (2014). Escuela, diversidad cultural e inclusión. La Catarata ISBN: 978-84-8319-884-1, Nos encontramos ante una obra de reciente publicación de 221 páginas coeditada y escrita por el grupo ÍNDICE (Investigación en Diversidad Cultural y Educación), en el marco del VI Plan Nacional de I+D+I. Se trata de un grupo consolidado de investigación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, formado por docentes interesados e interesadas en el conocimiento y la difusión de las condiciones que hacen posible el desarrollo de una educación inclusiva en sociedades cultural y lingüísticamente diversas, con el fin de formar personas capaces de garantizar la cohesión social, la igualdad de derechos, el reconocimiento y el respeto a la multiplicidad de las identidades y a la dignidad del otro. Todos los participantes son docentes del departamento de Didáctica y Organización Escolar de la Facultad de Educación-Centro de Formación del profesorado y llevan años trabajando el tema de la interculturalidad en las aulas. Ello unido a que la obra se encuentra publicada en la editorial La Catarata hace que la misma despierte interés con sólo tenerla entre las manos. La obra aborda un tema de preocupación general en la escuela: la respuesta ante la diversidad cultural y lingüística en el marco de una “supuesta” escuela inclusiva. Y digo “supuesta” porque en lo relativo al tema de diversidad cultural creo que la actual escuela dista mucho de ser inclusiva, continúa en un proceso de asimilación y de integración y sigue amparándose en un valor hegemónico al que el alumnado de familias inmigrantes tienen necesariamente que adaptarse. Por tanto la importancia de la obra radica, primero, en la crítica fundamentada que realiza de este sistema poco inclusivo y, segundo, en que ofrece ideas de aplicación en aras de una inclusión real., Depto. de Estudios Educativos, Fac. de Educación, TRUE, pub

Francisco Guerra (Torrelavega, Cantabria, 1916 – Madrid, 2011), fue médico, profesor, bibliófilo y bibliógrafo. Estudio Medicina en la Universidad Central y, tras la guerra civil española, se exilió en México donde culminó su graduación en 1939 en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, la misma institución en la que ejerció como docente de Farmacología (1939-1959) y se doctoró en Ciencias (1953), Historia (1955) y Filosofía (1955). Al mismo tiempo desarrolló una carrera profesional en la industria farmacéutica y tuvo estancias como especialista en la Universidad de California (1956). Sin embargo, su verdadera vocación fue la Historia de la Medicina, desarrollada en paralelo a su pasión por la bibliofilia. Acabó siendo profesor de esta disciplina en Yale University (Estados Unidos) (1959-1961), en Wellcome Institution (Gran Bretaña) (1962-1969) y ya en España, en las Universidades de Cantabria y Alcalá de Henares. Francisco Guerra fue autor de numerosos libros sobre ciencia médica, especialmente sobre la medicina americana y filipina abordada desde distintos aspectos: farmacología, historia, bibliografía, biografías de médicos, hospitales, educación, epidemiología. Destacan dos obras: Bibliografía médica americana y filipina (Madrid, Ollero Ramos, 1998), en la que incluye la producción bibliográfica médica en todos los países de América y Filipinas desde el establecimiento de la imprenta hasta su independencia; y La medicina en el exilio republicano (Alcalá de Henares, Universidad, 2003), reflejo de su pasión política y con la que quiso cumplir con su compromiso con los ideales de la República española que defendió, y recordar a sus compañeros caídos en la Guerra Civil, a los médicos de otros países que apoyaron la República y, sobre todo, a los médicos republicanos que salieron al exilio y los del exilio interior, que habían sido excluidos de la historia cultural de España. Desde muy joven y a lo largo de su vida, Francisco Guerra desarrolló una gran pasión por

Meat consumption by early hominins is a hotly debated issue. A key question concerns their access to large mammal carcasses, including megafauna. Currently, the evidence of anthropic cut marks on proboscidean bones older than -or close to- 1.0 Ma are restricted to the archaeological sites of Dmanisi (Georgia), Olduvai (Tanzania), Gona (Ethiopia), Olorgesailie (Kenya) and La Boella (Spain). During an inspection of the almost complete carcass of Mammuthus meridionalis (FN3-5-MPS) from the Oldowan site of Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Spain, c. 1.2 Ma), a few traces compatible with human-made cut marks and carnivore tooth marks were found. From this finding and previous interpretations the following questions arise: When and under what conditions was FN3-5-MPS deposited? What is the nature of the marks found on the surface of the bones of this mammoth? To answer, we have conducted a high-resolution analysis of these remains, combining both taphonomic and microstratigraphic data. Our results, using microstratigraphic and micromorphological analyses of sediments based on thin-sections, show that this individual was deposited in a marshy environment. Subsequently, the carcass was exploited by hominins and large felids that left their marks on the surface of some of its bones. For this purpose, the identification and characterisation of both cut marks and tooth marks were performed using high-resolution 3D modelling, geometric morphometrics, and artificially intelligent algorithms. Based on the anatomical position of both the cut and tooth marks, we propose that both the hominins and the saber-toothed cats had early access to the animal. Finally, this paper shows how an interdisciplinary approach can shed detailed light on the particular story regarding the death and processing of the carcass of a female mammoth, deposited at Fuente Nueva 3.

[Context] Global change is leading to more frequent and intense tree damage and mortality events. Drought-induced tree mortality is occurring worldwide leading to broad-scale events, but the spatial patterns of tree damage and mortality, their underlying drivers and their variation over time is largely unknown., [Objectives] We investigated the spatial patterns of tree damage and mortality across Mediterranean forests of the Iberian Peninsula, the underlying effects of stand structure and climate, and how the spatial patterns and relationships with underlying drivers changed over time., [Methods] We used the Spanish Forest Inventory to analyse the autocorrelation in tree damage and mortality across forest types, hurdle-gamma models to quantify the effect of stand structure and climate on tree damage and mortality, and cross-correlograms to assess their spatial dependence and its change over time., [Results] We observed a greater magnitude and a stronger autocorrelation in tree damage than mortality, with positive aggregation up to 20 kms. There was a spatial dependence between tree damage and mortality with their drivers, with spatial aggregation increasing with water availability, drought intensity and stand structure. The spatial dependence of tree damage and mortality with the underlying drivers increased over time, particularly for drought intensity., [Conclusions] Our results suggest that the combined effect of intense competition and drought could favour more extensive die-off and tree mortality events, providing key information for identifying vulnerable areas and the planning of adaptation measures.

Plant viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are attractive to nanomedicine researchers because of their safety, ease of production, resistance, and straightforward functionalization. In this paper, we developed and successfully purified a VNP derived from turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a well-known plant pathogen, that exhibits a high affinity for immunoglobulins G (IgG) thanks to its functionalization with the Z domain of staphylococcal Protein A via gene fusion. We selected cetuximab as a model IgG to demonstrate the versatility of this novel TuMV VNP by developing a fluorescent nanoplatform to mark tumoral cells from the Cal33 line of a tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Using confocal microscopy, we observed that fluorescent VNP–cetuximab bound selectively to Cal33 and was internalized, revealing the potential of this nanotool in cancer research.

Scientific advisory bodies provide scientific advice for sustainable fisheries management based on the precautionary approach and maximum sustainable yield (MSY) reference points, such as spawning stock biomass (SSB) value B, and fishing mortality giving MSY, F. The lack of a stock-recruitment function (SRF) to identify a clear breakpoint B has recently emerged in important stock collapses. It also precludes the use of equilibrium-based methods to analyze the sustainability of F. Considering a hockey stick (HS) SRF, we propose here an equilibrium-based method that characterizes the equilibriums, their stability properties, transient dynamics, and changes in productivity (including age-specific natural mortality rates). We show that these relevant factors, not taken into account in standard methods, should play a central role in fisheries management and conservation. Considering the Northern cod stock (NCS) (Gadus morhua) by way of illustration, we properly estimate the HS and its associated B. We find that the HS fitted by the Fisheries Library in R underestimates B. Additionally, we determine the levels of productivity (medium-low or medium-high), and their corresponding growth rates of the SSB, which are consistent with the observed population dynamics. We find that the NCS was managed during the 1980s under myopic (unsustainable) harvest control rules, neglecting high age-specific natural mortality rates. We also find that recovery of the NCS remains a distant prospect, despite the current stable, positive equilibrium (sustainable F).

Methylene blue (MB) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) have demonstrated local antimicrobial effect, but no direct comparative study has been published so far for the treatment of toenail onychomycosis.

The specific kinetics and thermodynamics of protein-protein interactions underlie the molecular mechanisms of cellular functions; hence the characterization of these interaction parameters is central to the quantitative understanding of physiological and pathological processes. Many methods have been developed to study protein-protein interactions, which differ in various features including the interaction detection principle, the sensitivity, whether the method operates in vivo, in vitro, or in silico, the temperature control, the use of labels, immobilization, the amount of sample required, the number of measurements that can be accomplished simultaneously, or the cost. Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI) is a label-free biophysical method to measure the kinetics of protein-protein interactions. Label-free interaction assays are a broad family of methods that do not require protein modifications (other than immobilization) or labels such as fusions with fluorescent proteins or transactivating domains or chemical modifications like biotinylation or reaction with radionuclides. Besides BLI, other label-free techniques that are widely used for determining protein-protein interactions include surface plasmon resonance (SPR), thermophoresis, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), among others.

[Context] Complex models recently became available for studying the dynamics of disk galaxies such as the Milky Way (MW). These models include the global dynamics from dwarf satellite galaxies, dark matter halo structure, gas infall, and stellar disks in a cosmological context., [Aims] We use a MW model from a suite of high-resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulations named GARROTXA to establish the relationship between the vertical disturbances seen in its galactic disk and multiple perturbations from the dark matter halo, satellites, and gas., [Methods] We calculated the bending modes in the galactic disk in the last 6 Gyr of evolution. We computed the vertical acceleration exerted by dark matter and gas in order to quantify the impact of these components on the disk, and compared this with the bending behavior with Fourier analysis., [Results] We find complex bending patterns at different radii and times, such as an inner retrograde mode with high frequency and an outer slower retrograde mode excited at different times. The amplitudes of these bending modes are highest during the early stages of formation of the thin disk (20 km s−1) and reach up to 8.5 km s−1 in the late disk evolution. We find that the infall of satellite galaxies leads to a tilt of the disk, and produces strong anisotropic gas accretion with a misalignment of 8° with subsequent star formation events and supernovae, creating significant vertical accelerations on the disk plane. The misalignment between the disk and the inner stellar and dark matter triaxial structure, which formed during the ancient assembly of the galaxy, also leads to a strong vertical acceleration of the stars. We also find dark matter subhalos that temporally coincide with the appearance of bending waves in certain periods., [Conclusions] We conclude that several agents trigger the bending of the stellar disk and its phase spirals in this simulation, including satellite galaxies, dark subhalos, misaligned gaseous structures, and the inner dark matter profile. These phenomena coexist and influence each other, sometimes making it challenging to establish direct causality.

This work presents a comprehensive review of the Quaternary fossil records of hippopotamuses from the Iberian Peninsula, unveiling biogeographical insights of global significance. The results presented herein include the inference of a delayed arrival of Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus antiquus) populations onto the Iberian Peninsula compared to other European Mediterranean regions, with an estimated age of ca. 1.7 Ma, in contrast to 2.1–2.2 Ma elsewhere. Moreover, we hypothesize the possibility of a short-lived coexistence between H. antiquus and Hippopotamus amphibius, close to the extinction of the former taxon (ca. 0.45 Ma). The local extinction of all hippopotamus populations on the Iberian Peninsula between MIS 5 and 3 is suggested here, mirroring proposals made for the Italian peninsula. Notable aspects of this fossil record include the abundance of specimens, previously undocumented anatomical elements, and partially complete individuals with articulated body segments. The remains analyzed herein also present different ontogenetic stages and sexual dimorphism. Moreover, the presence of specimens displaying paleopathologies provides valuable insights into ethological and paleoecological studies. The exceptional record of at least three events of human exploitation of hippopotamus stands out, with this being a rarity in the broader context of the archaeological and paleontological record of the European continent.

The human microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease, through the secretion of metabolites that regulate key biological functions. We propose that microbiota metabolites represent an unexplored chemical space of small drug-like molecules in the search of new hits for drug discovery. Here, we describe the generation of a set of complex chemotypes inspired on selected microbiota metabolites, which have been synthesized using asymmetric organocatalytic reactions. Following a primary screening in CSC models, we identified the novel compound UCM-13369 (4b) whose cytotoxicity was mediated by NPM1. This protein is one of the most frequent mutations of AML, and NPM1-mutated AML is recognized by the WHO as a distinct hematopoietic malignancy. UCM-13369 inhibits NPM1 expression, downregulates the pathway associated with mutant NPM1 C+, and specifically recognizes the C-end DNA-binding domain of NPM1 C+, avoiding the nucleus-cytoplasm translocation involved in the AML tumorological process. The new NPM1 inhibitor triggers apoptosis in AML cell lines and primary cells from AML patients and reduces tumor infiltration in a mouse model of AML with NPM1 C+ mutation. The disclosed phenotype-guided discovery of UCM-13369, a novel small molecule inspired on microbiota metabolites, confirms that CSC death induced by NPM1 inhibition represents a promising therapeutic opportunity for NPM1-mutated AML, a high-mortality disease.

The aim of this study is to show the optimal arrangement of a measurement system for estimating the thermal conductivity of thin films from temperature profiles. For this purpose, two different experimental setup systems, with square and circular cross sections, were designed to estimate the thermal conductivity of thin films and, in particular, of two ion exchange membranes. Both systems were placed horizontally and vertically in order to evaluate the best orientation to more accuratelydetermine thermal conductivity. A three-dimensional numerical simulation was performed using Comsol Multiphysics to predict the heat flow and temperature gradient and to evaluate the effect of the geometry and the orientation on the contact resistances. Each system was first calibrated without the membrane inside in order to estimate all the necessary thermal properties of the different materials of the model. Next, the membrane was placed inside the model, so that the model now includes the thermal conductivity of the membrane as the only unknown parameter. The numerical results were compared with the various measured temperature profiles to estimate the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity values of the well-known Nafion 117 membrane and other thicker membrane were determined. A very good agreement with reliable literature values was obtained. The approach presented here, combining experimental and simulated temperature profiles, may provide the basis for a practical alternative to better estimate the thermal conductivity of thin films.

Método, dispositivo (100) y sistema (200) para la detección y cuantificación de la variación del daño ocular provocado por la luz azul y violeta del espectro visible que comprende las etapas de detectar la radiación incidente sobre el sistema visual de un individuo; calcular la radiación incidente dentro del rango comprendido entre 380 y 500 nm; establecer al menos un umbral de radiaciones incidentes dentro de dicho rango; detectar si se ha superado al menos un umbral establecido para dicho rango; avisar de la superación de al menos un umbral; medir el tiempo de exposición a la radiación incidente; e inferir en las distintas estructuras oculares de un individuo el efecto de las radiaciones incidentes y avisar de dicho efecto., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, pub

SECTOR DE LA TÉCNICA La presente invención se encuadra en el sector de la biomedicina. Más concretamente, se refiere al aislamiento y cultivo de células troncales neurales y progenitores neurales 10 (CTN/CPN) a partir del cultivo de tejido cortical ovárico., Método para obtener células troncales neurales y células progenitoras neurales a partir de tejido cortical ovárico no embrionario. La presente invención se refiere a un método para obtener células troncales neurales y células progenitoras neurales (CTN/CPN) a partir de tejido cortical ovárico de hembras prepúberes de mamífero, sin necesidad de añadir al medio de cultivo factores de inducción y/o expansión del linaje neural. Con el método de la invención se obtienen CTN/CPN tras 6- 21 días de incubación, mejorando los resultados mediante la adición de FSH al medio de cultivo. Las CTN/CPN que se obtienen mediante este método pueden ser utilizadas en modelos experimentales de neurogénesis in vitro, en diferenciación dirigida de CTN/CPN para generar diversos tipos de células nerviosas de interés en medicina regenerativa del sistema nervioso, con aplicación al trasplante autólogo en terapia celular de patologías neurodegenerativas, así como para la evaluación de neurotoxicidad de diversos fármacos, contaminantes y compuestos químicos., Depto. de Farmacología y Toxicología, Fac. de Veterinaria, pub

Dispositivo y método simulador de entornos de evaluación de la función visual que comprende un soporte que aloja un luxómetro medidor de la iluminación ambiente que comprende una pluralidad de dioptrios de densidad óptica neutra (DO); y donde la relación entre la densidad óptica y la transmitancia (T) del dioptrio viene dada por DO=log(1/T); y donde los dioptrios de densidad óptica neutra (DO) están dispuestos en el soporte en correspondencia con el sistema visual de un individuo y configurados para alcanzar distintos niveles de iluminación directamente en el sistema visual del individuo sin realizar una variación real de la iluminación ambiente., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, pub