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Nerve compression syndrome is defined as chronic pressure damage to a peripheral nerve, with the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) rarely affected.A 19-year-old female patient presented to our surgical outpatient clinic reporting persistent dysesthesia with projection to the dorsum of the left foot for one year. She had already undergone extensive orthopedic and radiologic evaluation for bone related injuries. In the course of the patient interview, however, she recalled repeated bruises of the dorsal ankle region, caused by kicks/steps of an opponent player during her soccer training. Based on the clinical and radiological findings, a nerve compression syndrome of the ramus cutaneus dorsalis medialis of the superficial peroneal nerve was suspected. The patient gave consent to exploration and neurolysis as well as re-embedding and covering of the nerve with a s-shaped flap.The diagnosis of medial dorsal cutaneous nerve entrapment requires a thorough medical history and a detailed clinical examination, including the Tinel's sign for exact localization of the entrapment site. Awareness of these syndromes among physicians is crucial in order to avoid misdiagnosis and consequences. Ultimately, surgical decompression is the causal treatment of the entrapment and leads to an improvement in quality of life and neuropathic pain.

Objective: Lymphedema has a high incidence and various causes. It reduces patients' quality of life and productivity and currently lacks a cure. Management is based on lifelong physical therapies. Many surgical procedures have been proposed for lymphedema without significant acceptance. This study evaluates surgical procedures aimed at the management of lymphedema and highlights present evidence., Methods: Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation consensus, a systematic literature search (MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library) was performed to identify studies evaluating treatment outcomes after lymphedema surgery. The authors evaluated all articles found with the keywords "lymphedema" and "surgery," including experimental studies in animals. Cross referencing was made. Next, a protocol was created to assess the degree of quality of publications in this field. An overview of the complete medical literature was performed. Thereafter, publications meeting inclusion criteria were attributed a score according to the assessment protocol. This allowed an overview of the scientific quality of all surgical procedures for lymphedema., Results: A total of 108 article texts were read and 70 publications included in this study according to predefined criteria. Lymphedema operative procedures were classified according to type. The outcomes highlighted the importance of individual patient analysis, as most interventions are not sufficiently studied to sustain clinical recommendations., Conclusions: Risk factors for acquired lymphedema, such as lymph node excision and radiation therapy, are well identified and should allow primary prevention. Improved diagnosis, classification, standardized volume measurement, staging, and follow-up of lymphedema patients can facilitate their management and allow valid retrospective studies. Currently, there is no evidence of any treatment yielding high long-term cure rates. Therefore, lymphedema management must be based on interdisciplinary approaches, with curative or palliative therapy options discussed openly with the patient. Therapeutic plans should not exclude surgery. Nevertheless, additional studies are recommended to prove the validity of some surgical approaches., (Copyright © 2014 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)