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Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the possibilities of the metaverse environment in the context of simulating the evacuation of people from a building. The research hypothesis assumes the feasibility of applying the metaverse environment to conduct a scenario of simulating the evacuation of people. This environment provides the opportunity for a realistic representation of the building’s topology and the behaviour of people. Additionally, through the interaction among people, it is possible to reflect basic aspects of the human factor related to user interaction in the evacuation process. The article presents the possibilities of evacuating users from a virtual building using two evacuation scenarios and the potential to gather measurement results related to evacuation time in the metaverse environment. Furthermore, simulated evacuation scenarios aim to answer the question of whether conveying information about the dynamically changing situation during the exit of people from a building can accelerate evacuation time. Introduction: Środowisko metawersum pozwala na realistyczne odzwierciedlenie topologii budynku oraz zachowania się ludzi. Dodatkowo dzięki uwzględnieniu interakcji między osobami umożliwia ukazanie podstawowych aspektów czynnika ludzkiego, które wpływają na samą ewakuację. Artykuł przedstawia propozycje realizacji ewakuacji użytkowników z wirtualnego budynku przy wykorzystaniu dwóch scenariuszy ewakuacyjnych oraz zebrania w środowisku metawersum wyników pomiarowych związanych z czasem ewakuacji. Dodatkowo symulowane scenariusze ewakuacyjne mają dać odpowiedź na pytanie, czy przekazywanie informacji o dynamicznie zmieniającej się sytuacji podczas wyjścia osób z budynku może przyspieszyć czas ewakuacji. Project and methods: In the study, an empirical research method was employed, involving the implementation of a simulator application operating on the spatial.io platform. Using the unity 3D visualization design tool, a building model was reflected, which was utilized for conducting a virtual evacuation. Business logic was programmed through scripts in the C# programming language, enabling the measurement of the evacuation times of individual users from the building and their movement to the assembly point. To detect the optimal exit route at any given moment, an analysis of the graph was performed based on the Neo4j graph database. After publishing the simulator application, it was possible to simulate the evacuation of people from the building in a virtual environment and gather measurement results related to evacuation times. Results: The proposed research method provided the opportunity to gather evacuation time results from people using two evacuation scenarios. In evacuation scenarios where users were provided with information about dynamically changing situations on the evacuation route (e.g. the emergence of impassable paths), the times for people to exit the building in simulated evacuations were shorter. The design of a virtual evacuation simulator application demonstrated the utility of the metaverse environment in training individuals on the principles of safe building evacuation and showcased the potential for collecting data on people’s behaviour during evacuations. Conclusions: Based on the obtained experimental results and the analysis of global trends presented in the literature, which demonstrate the use of VR simulators in building evacuation simulations, it can be concluded that the presented simulation method may prove useful both in the field of education and in gathering fundamental results or simulating evacuation scenarios. Keywords: evacuation simulator, metaverse, unity 3d, spatial.io, graph analysis

Three-dimensional games are an indispensable tool in education and cultural transmission, offering users immersive experiences that facilitate learning through engagement and direct experience. The aim of this study was to design and implement an advanced cutscene sequencer in Unity 3D, targeted at educational and cultural games, to assist game developers in producing cinematic interludes, which are a key narrative element in games. The project methodology encompassed a detailed process of planning, design, and implementation. This involved the comprehensive use of various tools, including Unity 3D for game development, C# for scripting, Visual Studio for integrated development, Git for version control, Blender for 3D modeling, Substance Painter for texturing, and Audacity for audio editing. These tools collectively facilitated the development of a robust cutscene sequencer system designed to create engaging and dynamic narrative scenes. The project's results indicate that the use of an advanced sequencer can significantly impact the efficiency and creativity of the game and educational material creation process, offering developers the opportunity to explore practically unlimited viewing perspectives. This tool enables the creation of rich and diverse visual experiences, which is crucial for engaging and educating players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual digital representation of a physical object or system, created with precision through computer simulations, data analysis, and various digital technologies can be used as training set for real life situations. The principal aim behind creating a virtual representation is to furnish a dynamic, data-fueled, and digital doppelgänger of the physical asset. This digital counterpart serves multifaceted purposes, including the optimization of performance, the continuous monitoring of its well-being, and the augmentation of informed decision-making processes. Main advantage of employing a digital twin is its capacity to facilitate experimentation and assessment of diverse scenarios and conditions, all without impinging upon the actual physical entity. This capability translates into substantial cost savings and superior outcomes, as it allows for the early identification and mitigation of issues before they escalate into significant problems in the tangible world. Within our research endeavors, we've meticulously constructed a digital twin utilizing the Unity3D software. This digital replica faithfully mimics vehicles, complete with functioning headlamp toggles. Our lighting system employs polygons and normal vectors, strategically harnessed to generate an array of dispersed and reflected light effects. To ensure realism, we've meticulously prepared the scene to emulate authentic road conditions. For validation and testing, we integrated our model with the YOLO (You Only Look Once) neural network. A specifically trained compact YOLO model demonstrated impressive capabilities by accurately discerning the status of real vehicle headlamps. On average, it achieved an impressive recognition probability of 80%, affirming the robustness of our digital twin.

The research aims to determine: 1) The average learning outcomes of the control class; 2) Average experimental class learning outcomes; 3) The difference in the average learning outcomes of the control class and the experimental class. Experimental research method, with a quasi experiment with a one group pre-test and post-test design. Sampling used purposive sampling. Data collection techniques and tools use measurement techniques in the form of learning outcomes tests. Data analysis uses descriptive and inferential analysis. The research results show: 1) The average learning outcome for the control class is 72.93 in the good category. 2) The average learning result for the experimental class was 79.87 in the very good category. 3) The difference in the average learning outcomes of the control class and the experimental class using the t-test statistical test, namely Separated Variance, obtained tcount = 5.932 and ttable = 2.064 with a significance level of 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is a difference in the average learning outcomes of the control class and the experimental class.

Copyright of Safety & Fire Technology (2657-8808) is the property of Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpozarowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main aim of the paper is to present an Augmented Reality application for 3D furniture, with a particular emphasis on the development of an android application that provides a realistic view of an augmented reality 3D furniture target object in the real-world. This app for Android would overlay a virtual environment on top of the user's real world. AR makes real-world data and presents it in an immersive manner, making the virtual section feel like it belongs in the real world. AR is commonly used in online shopping, and the 3D visualization allows any furniture piece to be configured. Results shows that, users can customize and combine their favorite furniture products, enhancing their shopping experience. This elevates the shopping experience to a new level. This application allows users to see and experience the object in their current environment before buying from a shop, and customers can visualize the furniture model in a real-world setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional games are an indispensable tool in education and cultural transmission, offering users immersive experiences that facilitate learning through engagement and direct experience. The aim of this study was to design and implement an advanced cutscene sequencer in Unity 3D, targeted at educational and cultural games, to assist game developers in producing cinematic interludes, which are a key narrative element in games. The project methodology encompassed a detailed process of planning, design, and implementation. This involved the comprehensive use of various tools, including Unity 3D for game development, C# for scripting, Visual Studio for integrated development, Git for version control, Blender for 3D modeling, Substance Painter for texturing, and Audacity for audio editing. These tools collectively facilitated the development of a robust cutscene sequencer system designed to create engaging and dynamic narrative scenes. The project’s results indicate that the use of an advanced sequencer can significantly impact the efficiency and creativity of the game and educational material creation process, offering developers the opportunity to explore practically unlimited viewing perspectives. This tool enables the creation of rich and diverse visual experiences, which is crucial for engaging and educating players.

There is a growing dwelling problem on a global scale. The crisis is getting more severe each day with incidents like war and pandemics, which resulted in some groups seeking alternative life scenarios. Therefore, expanding the research related to housing and answering these needs become obligatory. Game engines and procedural generation have been used to rapidly represent solutions with their high-quality renderings for these kinds of situations. This paper aims to present a user-friendly container settlement generation tool using procedural generation, developed using the Unity 3D game engine, focusing on various real-life scenarios based on contextual and financial parameters. Along with the tool’s development and functionalities, the paper presents a case study with ecological and post-disaster scenario presets in the Marmara and Mediterranean Regions of Türkiye to demonstrate its applicability in the settlement generation process.

The existence of endemic animals typical of Central Kalimantan, such as orangutans and hornbills, is included in the protected species situation because the population numbers have increased slightly along with the clearing of land for the plantation sector, making orangutan and hornbill areas that should be beautiful and natural disappear. Because of this, a medium for conveying information and a unique introduction to the public is needed to know how important it is to know and know the various endangered species in Central Kalimantan to preserve animals. Therefore, this research aims to create an application for Central Kalimantan endemic animals using Mobile-based Augmented Reality to introduce Central Kalimantan's rare animals, starting from the area of residence, characteristics, leading food, and information about animal habitats. The application development process uses the Markerless Augmented Reality (AR) method, which displays 3D objects without using unique markers such as photos or images. The application development stage includes the planning, design, data collection, 3D object creation, application development and application testing using Blackbox testing with the Text Case method, which produces application testing descriptively explaining the application work process. The application for displaying 3D objects was tested in 5 trials, with an average of 5 seconds, and the marker appeared to display 3D objects. This application can have an impact on progress in the field of informatics as a medium for delivering information and learning media using Augmented Reality Markerless.

In the field of engineering, Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a training option for students to generate practical skills in automatic process control. The article presents a VR application of a closed tank, which allows the introduction of control strategies for the pressure variable, using a microcontroller and a computer. The VR interface was implemented in Unity with the three-dimensional design of the plant shown to the user on the computer monitor, the mathematical model that characterizes the dynamic behavior of the process and the PID control strategy was established in the Arduino Uno module. Communication between the Arduino and the PC was established via RS-232 protocol. The VR environment consists of a panel for the selection and serial connection with the Arduino, also with inputs that allows to evaluate the control strategy as the SetPoint (SP) and the manual valve (a2), which is the actuator to introduce disturbance to the model. With the SP entered to the control system with perturbations of 20, 60 and 90%, the PID control performed well with minimal steady state errors. The dynamic behavior of the process is visualized in the VR environment with the movement of the control valve stem (a1), the process variable (PV) is displayed on the PIT 100-A transmitter and the trends of the variables (SP, PV and CV). The proposal can be replicated to other processes and different variables such as level, flow, etc.

Copyright of ESTOA: Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca is the property of ESTOA Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper details the design and implementation of a virtualized bottle sealing plant using the Hardware in the Loop technique, for which it is divided into two parts: (i) Software consists of a virtualized environment in Unity 3D to visualize its behavior in real time; and (ii) Hardware was implemented through a PLC S7 1200 AC/DC/RLY (Programmable Logic Controller), which is responsible for the automation of the plant, programmed through the software TIA Portal V16 (Totally Integrated Automation Portal) and a control panel with buttons and indicator lights. The two developed parts communicate through bidirectional TCP/IP Ethernet, achieving a Server–Client architecture. For real-time monitoring and visualization, a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system implemented in InTouch is considered. In addition, the data acquisition is accomplished through the OPC (Open Platform Communication) server; the functionality of the OPC server is to transmit the information generated in an industrial plant at the enterprise level. This allows the process to execute its tasks of connectivity of automated processes and their supervision, as well as having scalability so that more tags can be included in other processes over time and ensure its operability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a method to develop an application based on Augmented Reality technology in a Unity development environment. The article presents two test scenarios that give an insight into the possibilities of augmented reality applications. The first scenario is a presentation of a simple game based on a graphic marker and its generated content in the form of a maze. By physically moving the marker in front of the camera, the maze and the ball inside is moved. The second scenario includes a simulation environment of a collaborative robot in the form of an augmented reality application that offers the possibility of planning the robot's trajectories. The possibilities of this technology are endless and cover a large segment of application development from educational to industrial applications. Marker based Augmented Reality using predefined visual markers embedded within the system, physical world objects are detected for superimposition of virtual elements. The test application was designed using a combination of Vuforia, Unity 3D platforms, and the mobile phone used was an Android based Xiaomi Redmi 10 pro phone. This article focuses on the implementation challenges faced whilst designing Augmented Reality applications on mobile platforms.

A social distancing protocol has been acknowledged and encouraged practically everywhere, since the global COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. This research resulted in the Serious game to simulate social distance using agent-based modeling so that it can be used as a medium of entertainment and educate the public during the Pandemic COVID-19 conditions by developing simulation games using UNITY 3D to educate in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce transmission rates on an individual scale.