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Gun ranges in the United States are underinvestigated regarding indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy efficiency. Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC), National Guard Bureau (NGB), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) recommend using 100% outdoor air, but this measure will cause prohibitive energy costs since indoor gun ranges must maintain a low air velocity ranging from 0.25 to 0.36 m/s and a supply temperature close to the range target temperature. Hence, typical commercial firing ranges use a fixed outdoor air ratio (OAR) ranging from 25% to 30% together with high-efficiency particulate air filtration to save energy. This OAR is arbitrary and not supported by any standards or guidelines. To obtain reliable control of contaminant levels and better energy efficiency, we propose a model-based demand control ventilation feedback control strategy in which carbon monoxide is monitored and controlled as a proper IAQ indicator around the clock. Our 52-day field study demonstrates that our demand control ventilation control strategy can ensure proper IAQ, reduce the OAR from 30% to as low as 2.5%, and cut up to 85% cooling load and 70% heating load introduced by ventilation. Indoor gun ranges in the United States often struggle with keeping the air clean and energy costs down. Existing recommendations suggest using a lot of outdoor air for ventilation, but this can be expensive because gun ranges need to maintain specific air conditions. Most gun ranges use a fixed amount of outdoor air and special filters to save energy, even though there are no clear guidelines for this. To tackle these issues, we have come up with a smart ventilation system. It constantly checks the air for carbon monoxide, a sign of bad air quality. Our 52-day study showed that this system works considerably well. It keeps the air clean, reduces the need for outdoor air substantially, and cuts down on heating and cooling costs. This means that indoor gun ranges can have clean air and save energy at the same time. It is a practical and efficient solution for making indoor shooting ranges safer and more cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on legal claims that underlie the broad, nearly limitless executive use of the National Guard in their Title 32 capacity. It mentions executive power with unrestricted use of the National Guard under Section 502(f) is a problem for local municipalities and citizens and statute's meaning through tools of statutory interpretation. It also mentions contrast to the June 2020 deployment of the National Guard to the Black Lives Matter (BLM) protest in Washington D.C.

The article discusses the alleged white-collar crimes committed in the U.S. Army National Guard Recruiting Assistance program (G-RAP) and/or the Army Reserve Recruiting Assistance Program (AR-RAP) and their impacts on the lives of innocent soldiers. Also cited are the move by the Army's Criminal Investigation Division (CID) to probe thousands of Army National Guard and Army Reserve personnel for possible involvement in the G-RAP scandal and involvement in crimes.