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468 results on '"Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE)"'

1. Approved drugs screening against the nsP1 capping enzyme of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus using an immuno-based assay

Author: Bruno Canard, Ana Sofia Ferreira Ramos, Jean-Marie Contreras, Changqing Li, Marie-Louise Jung, Christophe Morice, Gilles Querat, Etienne Decroly, María-Jesús Pérez Pérez, Bruno Coutard, Alba Gigante, Cécilia Eydoux, Jean-Claude Guillemot, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Prestwick Chemical [Illkirch, Strasbourg], Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Instituto de Quimica Médica (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), ANR-14-ASTR-0026,VMTaseIn,Identification d'inhibiteurs de méthyltransférases de virus: une nouvelle stratégégie antivirale(2014), European Project: 264286,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-ITN,EUVIRNA(2011), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques ( AFMB ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Unité des Virus Emergents ( UVE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Instituto de Quimica Médica ( CSIC ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), ANR-14-ASTR-0026,VMTaseIn,Identification d'inhibiteurs de méthyltransférases de virus: une nouvelle stratégégie antivirale ( 2014 ), European Project : 264286,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-ITN,EUVIRNA ( 2011 ), coutard, bruno, Accompagnement spécifique des travaux de recherches et d’innovation défense - Identification d'inhibiteurs de méthyltransférases de virus: une nouvelle stratégégie antivirale - - VMTaseIn2014 - ANR-14-ASTR-0026 - ASTRID - VALID, and European Training Network on (+)RNA Virus Replication and Antiviral Drug Development - EUVIRNA - - EC:FP7:PEOPLE2011-03-01 - 2015-02-28 - 264286 - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, medicine.disease_cause, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Virus Replication, Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine, [ SDV.BBM.BC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Chlorocebus aethiops, [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Drug Approval, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, NSP1, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Drug discovery, Chemistry, virus diseases, Antivirals, mRNA capping, 3. Good health, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Guanylylation, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, RNA Caps, 030106 microbiology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Alphavirus, [ SDV.BBM.BM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [ SDV.MP.VIR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Antiviral Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Western blot, Capping enzyme, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Vero Cells, HT screening, Pharmacology, Messenger RNA, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, biology.organism_classification, Approved drugs, High-Throughput Screening Assays, 030104 developmental biology, Viral replication, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Abstract: Alphaviruses such as the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) are important human emerging pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes. They possess a unique viral mRNA capping mechanism catalyzed by the viral non-structural protein nsP1, which is essential for virus replication. The alphaviruses capping starts by the methylation of a GTP molecule by the N7-guanine methyltransferase (MTase) activity; nsP1 then forms a covalent link with mGMP releasing pyrophosphate (GT reaction) and the mGMP is next transferred onto the 5′-diphosphate end of the viral mRNA to form a cap-0 structure. The cap-0 structure decreases the detection of foreign viral RNAs, prevents RNA degradation by cellular exonucleases, and promotes viral RNA translation into proteins. Additionally, reverse-genetic studies have demonstrated that viruses mutated in nsP1 catalytic residues are both impaired towards replication and attenuated. The nsP1 protein is thus considered an attractive antiviral target for drug discovery. We have previously demonstrated that the guanylylation of VEEV nsP1 can be monitored by Western blot analysis using an antibody recognizing the cap structure. In this study, we developed a high throughput ELISA screening assay to monitor the GT reaction through mGMP-nsP1 adduct quantitation. This assay was validated using known nsP1 inhibitors before screening 1220 approved compounds. 18 compounds inhibiting the nsP1 guanylylation were identified, and their IC determined. Compounds from two series were further characterized and shown to inhibit the nsP1 MTase activity. Conversely, these compounds barely inhibited a cellular MTase demonstrating their specificity towards nsP1. Analogues search and SAR were also initiated to identify the active pharmacophore features. Altogether the results show that this HT enzyme-based assay is a convenient way to select potent and specific hit compounds targeting the viral mRNA capping of Alphaviruses., This work was supported by the French research agency ANR “VMTaseIn”, grant ANR-ST14-ASTR-0026, and by the European Union (Seventh Framework Program, Marie Skłodowska-Curie ETN “EUVIRNA”, grant agreement number 264286 and Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ETN “ANTIVIRALS”, grant agreement number 642434), and by the MINECO/FEDER SAF2015-64629-C2-1-R.
Published: 2019

2. Low serum neutralization of Omicron variants a month after AZD7442 prophylaxis initiation

Author: Xavier de Lamballerie, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Axelle Dupont, Jacques Izopet, France Mentré, Nassim Kamar, Brigitte Autran, Gilles Paintaud, Sophie Caillard, Amandine le Bourgeois, Christophe Richez, Lionel Couzi, Aliénor Xhaard, Zora Marjanovic, Jerome Avouac, Caroline Jacquet, Denis Anglicheau, Morgane Cheminant, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Stéphanie N Guyen, Benjamin Terrier, Jacques Eric Gottenberg, Caroline Besson, Sophie Letrou, Sabrina Kali, Denis Angoulvant, Ventzislava Petrov Sanchez, Coralie Tardivon, Gilles Blancho, Vincent Lévy, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'investigation Clinique [CHU Bichat] - Épidémiologie clinique (CIC 1425), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Département d'Epidemiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique (DEBRC), Laboratoire Virologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'organes [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Urologie - Néphrologie - Dialyse - Transplantations - Brûlés - Chirurgie plastique - Explorations fonctionnelles et physiologiques [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de néphrologie et immunologie clinique [CHRU Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours (UT), CHU Strasbourg, Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Hematologie [CHU Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Immunology from Concept and Experiments to Translation (ImmunoConcept), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Rhumatologie [CHU Pellegrin], Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Systémiques Rares de l'Est et du Sud-Ouest (RESO), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Service d'Hématologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre de Référence Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires (CEREDIH), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Published: 2023

3. 2022 taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

Author: Jens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A. Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J. Ballinger, Martina Bandte, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Éric Bergeron, Nadine Biedenkopf, Laurent Bigarré, Carol D. Blair, Kim R. Blasdell, Steven B. Bradfute, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Rémy Bruggmann, Ursula J. Buchholz, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H. Calisher, Thierry Candresse, Jeremy Carson, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N. Charrel, Yuya Chiaki, Anya Crane, Mark Crane, Laurent Dacheux, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, William M. de Souza, Rik L. de Swart, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, J. Felix Drexler, W. Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, Andrew J. Easton, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Guozhong Feng, Claudette Feuvrier, Andrew E. Firth, Anthony R. Fooks, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Selma Gago-Zachert, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R. Garrison, Scott E. Godwin, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Joëlle Goüy de Bellocq, Anthony Griffiths, Martin H. Groschup, Stephan Günther, John Hammond, Jussi Hepojoki, Melanie M. Hierweger, Seiji Hongō, Masayuki Horie, Hidenori Horikawa, Holly R. Hughes, Adam J. Hume, Timothy H. Hyndman, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gilda B. Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Fujio Kadono, David G. Karlin, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Michel C. Koch, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V. Koonin, Jarmila Krásová, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Ivan V. Kuzmin, Lies Laenen, Amy J. Lambert, Jiànróng Lǐ, Jun-Min Li, François Lieffrig, Igor S. Lukashevich, Dongsheng Luo, Piet Maes, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H. Marshall, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, John W. McCauley, Ali Mirazimi, Peter G. Mohr, Nick J. G. Moody, Yasuaki Morita, Richard N. Morrison, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, José A. Navarro, Yutaro Neriya, Sergey V. Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Francisco M. Ochoa-Corona, Gustavo Palacios, Laurane Pallandre, Vicente Pallás, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Colin R. Parrish, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T. Pawęska, Daniel R. Pérez, Florian Pfaff, Richard K. Plemper, Thomas S. Postler, Françoise Pozet, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Pedro L. Ramos-González, Marius Rehanek, Renato O. Resende, Carina A. Reyes, Víctor Romanowski, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Artemis Rumbou, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Melanie Rupp, Sead Sabanadzovic, Takahide Sasaya, Heike Schmidt-Posthaus, Martin Schwemmle, Torsten Seuberlich, Stephen R. Sharpe, Mang Shi, Manuela Sironi, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten M. Spann, Jessica R. Spengler, Mark D. Stenglein, Ayato Takada, Robert B. Tesh, Jana Těšíková, Natalie J. Thornburg, Nicole D. Tischler, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Kenta Tsunekawa, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Anna Maria Vaira, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Bert Vanmechelen, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, Yuri I. Wolf, Junki Yamasaki, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Gongyin Ye, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Arnfinn Lodden Økland, Virology, NIH - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (Estados Unidos), Battelle National Biodefense Institute, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) (Estados Unidos), United States Department of Agriculture. National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory ( Fort Pierce, USA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology (Gamaleya), University of Ljubljana, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lyssavirus, épidémiologie et neuropathologie - Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence de la Rage - National Reference Center Rabies (CNR), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Départemental d’Analyses du Jura (LDA39), Virologie des archées - Archaeal Virology, Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Microbiologie Intégrative et Moléculaire (UMR6047), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pharmaq Analytiq, This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, a federally funded research and development center operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.), and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges support from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), USDA-ARS project 58-6066-9-033 and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project, under Accession Number 1021494., Ayllón, María A., Casas, I., Navarro Bohigues, J.A., and Pallas, V.
Subjects: Biointeractions and Plant Health, Virology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Viruses, Life Science, Humans, 630 Landwirtschaft, General Medicine, Mononegavirales, Phylogeny, Virology & Molecular Biology, Virologie & Moleculaire Biologie
Abstract: 50 Pág., In March 2022, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratifcation vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by two new families (bunyaviral Discoviridae and Tulasviridae), 41 new genera, and 98 new species. Three hundred forty-nine species were renamed and/or moved. The accidentally misspelled names of seven species were corrected. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV, This work was supported in part through Laulima Govern ment Solutions, LLC prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Gov ernment Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC 15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, a federally funded research and development center operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges support from the Mississippi Agri cultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), USDA-ARS pro ject 58-6066-9-033 and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project, under Accession Num ber 1021494.
Published: 2022

4. 1H, 13C, 15N backbone resonance assignment of apo and ADP-ribose bound forms of the macro domain of Hepatitis E virus through solution NMR spectroscopy

Author: Maria D. Politi, Angelo Gallo, Georgios Bouras, Maria Birkou, Bruno Canard, Bruno Coutard, Georgios A. Spyroulias, Department of Pharmacy [Patras], University of Patras, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: ADP-ribose, Hepatitis E virus, Macro domain, Secondary structure, Solution NMR spectroscopy, Structural Biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biochemistry
Abstract: The genome of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is 7.2 kilobases long and has three open reading frames. The largest one is ORF1, encoding a non-structural protein involved in the replication process, and whose processing is ill-defined. The ORF1 protein is a multi-modular protein which includes a macro domain (MD). MDs are evolutionarily conserved structures throughout all kingdoms of life. MDs participate in the recognition and removal of ADP-ribosylation, and specifically viral MDs have been identified as erasers of ADP-ribose moieties interpreting them as important players at escaping the early stages of host-immune response. A detailed structural analysis of the apo and bound to ADP-ribose state of the native HEV MD would provide the structural information to understand how HEV MD is implicated in virus-host interplay and how it interacts with its intracellular partner during viral replication. In the present study we present the high yield expression of the native macro domain of HEV and its analysis by solution NMR spectroscopy. The HEV MD is folded in solution and we present a nearly complete backbone and sidechains assignment for apo and bound states. In addition, a secondary structure prediction by TALOS + analysis was performed. The results indicated that HEV MD has a α/β/α topology very similar to that of most viral macro domains.
Published: 2022

5. Analysis of trapped mosquito excreta as a noninvasive method to reveal biodiversity and arbovirus circulation

Author: Grégory L'Ambert, Mathieu Gendrot, Sébastien Briolant, Agnès Nguyen, Sylvain Pages, Laurent Bosio, Vincent Palomo, Nicolas Gomez, Nicolas Benoit, Hélène Savini, Bruno Pradines, Guillaume André Durand, Isabelle Leparc‐Goffart, Gilda Grard, Albin Fontaine, Entente Interdépartementale pour la démoustication du littoral méditerranéen (EID), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Biofidal, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Culicidae, Flavivirus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genetics, Animals, Humans, Biodiversity, West Nile virus, Arboviruses, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Biotechnology
Abstract: Emerging and endemic mosquito-borne viruses can be difficult to detect and monitor because they often cause asymptomatic infections in human or vertebrate animals or cause nonspecific febrile illness with a short recovery waiting period. Some of these pathogens circulate into complex cryptic cycles involving several animal species as reservoir or amplifying hosts. Detection of cases in vertebrate hosts can be complemented by entomological surveillance, but this method is not adapted to low infection rates in mosquito populations that typically occur in low or nonendemic areas. We identified West Nile virus circulation in Camargue, a wetland area in South of France, using a cost-effective xenomonitoring method based on the molecular detection of virus in excreta from trapped mosquitoes. We also succeeded at identifying the mosquito species community on several sampling sites, together with the vertebrate hosts on which they fed prior to being captured using amplicon-based metabarcoding on mosquito excreta without processing any mosquitoes. Mosquito excreta-based virus surveillance can complement standard surveillance methods because it is cost-effective and does not require personnel with a strong background in entomology. This strategy can also be used to noninvasively explore the ecological network underlying arbovirus circulation.
Published: 2022

6. Une seule santé

Author: Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Debia, Maximilien, Dufumier, Marc, Giraudoux, Patrick, Fougeroux, André, Saluzzo, Jean-François, Souris, Marc, Massamba, Sylla, Georgetown University Medical Center, Systèmes Agraires et Développement Rural - UP1102 (SADR), AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Syngenta France, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université du Sine Saloum El-Hadj Ibrahima NIASS (USSEIN), Isabelle Goupil-Somany, Maximilien Debia, Philippe Glorennec, Jean-Paul Gonzalez, and Nolwen Noisel
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, One Health, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Une seule santé
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

7. Low neutralization capacity against SARS‐CoV ‐2 Omicron BQ .1.1 of convalescent plasma collected during circulation of Omicron BA .1

Author: Pierre Gallian, Nadége Brisbarre, Elif Nurtop, Sophie Le Cam, Touret Franck, Christine Isnard, Lucile Malard, Syria Laperche, Pascale Richard, Pascal Morel, Pierre Tiberghien, Xavier de Lamballerie, Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hematology, General Medicine
Published: 2023

8. Climate change and vector-borne diseases: a multi-omics approach of temperature-induced changes in the mosquito

Author: Bellone, Rachel, Lechat, Pierre, Mousson, Laurence, Gilbart, Valentine, Piorkowski, Géraldine, Bohers, Chloé, Merits, Andres, Kornobis, Etienne, Reveillaud, Julie, Paupy, Christophe, Vazeille, Marie, Martinet, Jean-Philippe, Madec, Yoann, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Dauga, Catherine, Failloux, Anna-Bella, Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université (SU), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Tartu, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 731060 (Infravec2, Research Infrastructures for the control of vector-borne diseases), the Laboratoire d’Excellence ‘Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases’ (grant n°ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under ZIKAlliance grant agreement No 734548., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), and European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016)
Subjects: chikungunya, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Temperature, General Medicine, Aedes albopictus
Abstract: Background Climate change and globalization contribute to the expansion of mosquito vectors and their associated pathogens. Long spared, temperate regions have had to deal with the emergence of arboviruses traditionally confined to tropical regions. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was reported for the first time in Europe in 2007, causing a localized outbreak in Italy, which then recurred repeatedly over the years in other European localities. This raises the question of climate effects, particularly temperature, on the dynamics of vector-borne viruses. The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms set up in the vector in response to temperature. Methods We combine three complementary approaches by examining Aedes albopictus mosquito gene expression (transcriptomics), bacterial flora (metagenomics) and CHIKV evolutionary dynamics (genomics) induced by viral infection and temperature changes. Results We show that temperature alters profoundly mosquito gene expression, bacterial microbiome and viral population diversity. We observe that (i) CHIKV infection upregulated most genes (mainly in immune and stress-related pathways) at 20°C but not at 28°C, (ii) CHIKV infection significantly increased the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae Serratia marcescens at 28°C and (iii) CHIKV evolutionary dynamics were different according to temperature. Conclusion The substantial changes detected in the vectorial system (the vector and its bacterial microbiota, and the arbovirus) lead to temperature-specific adjustments to reach the ultimate goal of arbovirus transmission; at 20°C and 28°C, the Asian tiger mosquito Ae. albopictus was able to transmit CHIKV at the same efficiency. Therefore, CHIKV is likely to continue its expansion in the northern regions and could become a public health problem in more countries than those already affected in Europe.
Published: 2023

9. Enhanced neutralization escape to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 omicron sub-lineages

Author: Franck Touret, Emilie Giraud, Jérôme Bourret, Flora Donati, Jaouen Tran-Rajau, Jeanne Chiaravalli, Frédéric Lemoine, Fabrice Agou, Etienne Simon-Lorière, Sylvie van der Werf, Xavier de Lamballerie, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Criblage chémogénomique et biologique (Plateforme) - Chemogenomic and Biological Screening Platform (PF-CCB), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Génomique évolutive des virus à ARN - Evolutionary genomics of RNA viruses, This work was performed in the framework of the Preclinical Study Group of the French agency for emerging infectious diseases (ANRS-MIE). It was supported by the ANRS-MIE (BIOVAR and PRI projects of the EMERGEN research program) and by the European Commission (European Virus Archive Global project (EVA GLOBAL, grant agreement No 871029) of the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program). The SVDW and ESL laboratories acknowledge funding from the European Commission (RECOVER project, grant agreement No 101003589) of the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and by the French Government's Investissement d'Avenir program, Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant n°ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID). The SVDW lab acknowledges funding from Santé publique France (the French national public health agency), the 'Enhancing Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and/or Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) national infrastructures and capacities to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in the European Union and European Economic Area' Grant Agreement ECDC/HERA/2021/007 ECD. 12221, and the Caisse nationale d’assurance maladie (Cnam), the national health insurance funds. The ESL laboratory acknowledges funding from the INCEPTION program (Investissements d’Avenir grant ANR-16-CONV-0005), the NIH PICREID program (Award Number U01AI151758)., We thank Pr B.Lina for providing the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2, BA.5, and XBB strains. We thank Rayane Amaral and Camille Placidi-Italia for the technical help regarding the molecular biology experiments and the cell culture. We thank Dr Cecile Baronti for her help and expertise regarding BSL3 experiments at UVE. We thank the staff of the National Reference Center for technical help, the team of the Mutualized Platform of Microbiology (P2M) at Institut Pasteur for help with sequencing and bioinformaticians of the Bioinformatics Hub at Institut Pasteur for help with sequence analysis. We are indebted to Dr. H. Mouquet (Institut Pasteur, Paris, France) for providing the Bebtelovimab/LY-Cov1404 antibody. We thank the public and private laboratories for providing specimens and aknowledge the EMERGEN genomic surveillance consortium. We acknowledge the authors, originating and submitting laboratories of the sequences from GISAID and GenBank., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), European Project: 871029,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2019-1,EVA-GLOBAL(2020), and European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: SummaryThe landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants dramatically diversified with the simultaneous appearance of multiple sub-variants originating from BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 Omicron sub-lineages. They harbor a specific set of mutations in the spike that can make them more evasive to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. In this study, we compared the neutralizing potential of monoclonal antibodies against the Omicron BA.2.75.2, BQ.1, BQ.1.1 and XBB variants, with a pre-Omicron Delta variant as a reference. Sotrovimab retains some activity against BA.2.75.2, BQ.1 and XBB as it did against BA.2/BA.5, but is less active against BQ.1.1. Within the Evusheld/AZD7442 cocktail, Cilgavimab lost all activity against all subvariants studied, resulting in loss of Evusheld activity. Finally, Bebtelovimab, while still active against BA.2.75, also lost all neutralizing activity against BQ.1, BQ.1.1 and XBB variants.
Published: 2023

10. Sotrovimab retains activity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BQ.1.1 in a non-human primate model

Author: Hérate, Cécile, Marlin, Romain, Touret, Franck, Dereuddre-Bosquet, Nathalie, Donati, Flora, Relouzat, Francis, Junges, Laura, Galhaut, Mathilde, Dehan, Océane, Sconosciutti, Quentin, Nougairède, Antoine, de Lamballerie, Xavier, van der Werf, Sylvie, Grand, Roger Le, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), The Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies (IDMIT) research infrastructure is supported by the 'Programme Investissements d’Avenir' managed by ANR under reference ANR-11-INBS-0008. The NHP experiment was part of BIOVAR and PRI programs funded by the ANRS-MIE project EMERGEN (ANRS0151), and ANR-11-INBS-0008,IDMIT,Infrastructure nationale pour la modélisation des maladies infectieuses humaines(2011)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: The SARS-CoV2 Omicron variants have acquired new Spike mutations leading to escape from the most of the currently available monoclonal antibody treatments reducing the options for patients suffering from severe Covid-19. Recently, bothin vitroandin vivodata have suggested that Sotrovimab could retain partial activity against recent omicron sub-lineage such as BA.5 variants, including BQ.1.1. Here we report full efficacy of Sotrovimab against BQ.1.1 viral replication as measure by RT-qPCR in a non-human primate challenge model.
Published: 2023

11. ABO blood types and SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed using seroprevalence data in a large population-based sample: the SAPRIS-SERO multi-cohort study

Author: Deschasaux-Tanguy, Mélanie, Szabo de Edelenyi, Fabien, Druesne-Pecollo, Nathalie, Esseddik, Younes, Allègre, Julien, Srour, Bernard, Galan, Pilar, Hercberg, Serge, Severi, Gianluca, Zins, Marie, Wiernik, Emmanuel, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Carrat, Fabrice, Touvier, Mathilde, Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and SAPRIS-SERO study group: Fabrice Carrat, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Nathalie Bajos, Marie-Aline Charles, Gianluca Severi, Mathilde Touvier, Marie Zins, Sofiane Kab, Adeline Renuy, Stéphane Le Got, Céline Ribet, Mireille Pellicer, Emmanuel Wiernik, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Fanny Artaud, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Mélody Enguix, Camille Laplanche, Roselyn Gomes-Rimav, Lyan Hoang, Emmanuelle Correia, Alpha Amadou Barry, Nadège Senina, Gianluca Severi, Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi, Julien Allègre, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo, Younes Esseddik, Serge Hercberg, Mathilde Touvier, Marie-Aline Charles, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Valérie Benhammou, Anass Ritmi, Laetitia Marchand, Cecile Zaros, Elodie Lordmi, Adriana Candea, Sophie de Visme, Thierry Simeon, Xavier Thierry, Bertrand Geay, Marie-Noelle Dufourg, Karen Milcent, Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga, Gregory Pannetier, Nathanael Lapidus, Isabelle Goderel, Céline Dorival, Jérôme Nicol, Olivier Robineau, Fabrice Carrat, Cindy Lai, Liza Belhadji, Hélène Esperou, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Jean-Marie Gagliolo, Hélène Blanché, Jean-Marc Sébaoun, Jean-Christophe Beaudoin, Laetitia Gressin, Valérie Morel, Ouissam Ouili, Jean-François Deleuze, Stéphane Priet, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Toscane Fourié, Souand Mohamed Ali, Abdenour Amroun, Morgan Seston, Nazli Ayhan, Boris Pastorino, Xavier de Lamballerie
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; Abstract ABO blood type has been reported as a potential factor influencing SARS-CoV-2 infection, but so far mostly in studies that involved small samples, selected population and/or used PCR test results. In contrast our study aimed to assess the association between ABO blood types and SARS-CoV-2 infection using seroprevalence data (independent of whether or not individuals had symptoms or sought for testing) in a large population-based sample. Our study included 67,340 French participants to the SAPRIS-SERO multi-cohort project. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected using ELISA (targeting the proteins spike (S) and nucleocapsid (NP)) and seroneutralisation (SN) tests on dried blood spots collected in May–November 2020. Non-O individuals (and especially types A and AB) were more likely to bear anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (ELISA-S, 2964 positive cases: OR non-Ovs.O = 1.09[1.01–1.17], OR Avs.O = 1.08[1.00–1.17]; ELISA-S/ELISA-NP/SN, 678 triple positive cases: OR non-Ovs.O = 1.19 [1.02–1.39], OR Avs.O = 1.19[1.01–1.41], OR ABvs.O = 1.43[1.01–2.03]). Hence, our results provided additional insights into the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting a higher susceptibility of infection for individuals of blood types A and AB and a lesser risk for blood type O.
Published: 2023

12. Seven years (2015–2021) of blood donor screening for HEV-RNA in France: lessons and perspectives

Author: Laperche, Syria, Maugard, Claude, Lhomme, Sébastien, Lecam, Sophie, Ricard, Céline, Dupont, Isabelle, Richard, Pascale, Tiberghien, Pierre, Abravanel, Florence, Morel, Pascal, Izopet, Jacques, Gallian, Pierre, Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang [Occitanie] (EFS Occitanie), Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), EFS-Auvergne Loire (EFS-AL), Etablissement Français du Sang, Etablissement français du sang - Normandie (EFS), ‎Etab Francais Sang EFS Bretagne, Autoimmunité, Transplantation, et Inflammation (UMR 1098) (Equipe ATI), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: MESH: France, Transfusion Transmitted Diseases: Origina article, MESH: Blood Component Removal, MESH: Humans, MESH: RNA, Viral, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Blood Donors, MESH: Donor Selection, MESH: Blood Platelets
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The French health authorities are considering expanding the current selective hepatitis E virus (HEV)-RNA testing procedure to include all donations in order to further reduce transfusion-transmitted HEV infection. Data obtained from blood donors (BDs) tested for HEV-RNA between 2015 and 2021 were used to assess the most efficient nucleic acid testing (NAT) strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Viral loads (VLs) and the plasma volume of blood components, as well as an HEV-RNA dose of 3.85 log IU as the infectious threshold and an assay with a 95% limit of detection (LOD) at 17 IU/mL, were used to assess the proportion of: (i) HEV-RNA-positive BDs that would remain undetected; and (ii) blood components associated with these undetected BDs with an HEV-RNA dose >3.85 log IU, considering 4 NAT options (Individual testing [ID], MP-6, MP-12, and MP-24). RESULTS: Of the 510,118 BDs collected during the study period, 510 (0.10%) were HEV-RNA-positive. Based on measurable VLs available in 388 cases, 1%, 15.2%, 21.8%, and 32.6% of BDs would theoretically pass undetected due to a VL below the LOD of ID, MP-6, MP-12, and MP-24 testing, respectively. All BDs associated with a potentially infectious blood component would be detected with ID-NAT while 13% of them would be undetected with MP-6, 19.6% with MP-12, and 30.4% with MP-24 depending on the plasma volume. No red blood cell (RBC) components with an HEV-RNA dose >3.85 log IU would enter the blood supply, regardless of the NAT strategy used. DISCUSSION: A highly sensitive ID-NAT would ensure maximum safety. However, an MP-based strategy can be considered given that: (i) the risk of transmission is closely related to the plasma volume of blood components; (ii) RBC are the most commonly transfused components and have a low plasma content; and (iii) HEV-RNA doses transmitting infection exceed 4 log IU. To minimise the potential risk associated with apheresis platelet components and fresh frozen plasma, less than 12 donations should be pooled using an NAT assay with a LOD of approximately 20 IU/mL.
Published: 2023

13. Low rate of <scp>RNAemia</scp> in blood donations collected during the first wave of <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 in France

Author: Sophie Le Cam, Pierre Gallian, Céline Ricard, Céline Narboux, Valérie Barlet, Claude Maugard, Lisette Hauser, Nadège Brisbarre, Pierre Cappy, Josiane Pillonel, Syria Laperche, Pascal Morel, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: RNAemia, SARS-CoV-2, nucleic acid testing, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, COVID-19, Humans, RNA, Viral, blood donors, Immunology and Allergy, Hematology, plasma, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: To investigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via blood, we conducted retrospective molecular screening in blood donated during the first pandemic peak in the two French regions with the highest community transmission.Archived plasma samples randomly selected from donations collected between March 23 and 29, 2020, in Eastern and Northern regions of France were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in minipools of 4 donations (MP4) using the Grifols ProcleixSARS-CoV-2 assay. Reactive MP4 and the four corresponding plasmas were further tested with alternative RT-PCRs and sequencing. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and in vitro infectivity in cell culture were also performed.Among the 2818 MP4 (corresponding to 9672 donations) tested for viral RNA, 5 were weakly reactive. Among the 20 plasmas included in these five MP4, one presented low-level reactivity with RT-PCRs and Procleix SARS-CoV-2 and was confirmed on sequencing. The estimated prevalence was 1.03/10,000 (95% CI 0-3.1). The 20 plasmas were antibody nonreactive and none of them showed cytopathic effects in cell culture. When recalled, the index-donor declared having had symptoms compatible with SARS-CoV-2 infection a few days after donation. The two immunocompromised recipients transfused with red blood cells and an inactivated pooled platelet product did not develop COVID-19.Our results indicated a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the plasma of asymptomatic blood donors during the pandemic peak and no evidence of infectivity in vivo and in vitro. The transfusion risk remains theoretical and does not justify the implementation of SARS-CoV-2 NAT for blood donations.
Published: 2022

14. Extensive Dermatophytosis Caused by Terbinafine-Resistant Trichophyton indotineae, France

Author: Arnaud Jabet, Sophie Brun, Anne-Cecile Normand, Sebastien Imbert, Mohammad Akhoundi, Eric Dannaoui, Laeticia Audiffred, Francois Chasset, Arezki Izri, Liliane Laroche, Renaud Piarroux, Claude Bachmeyer, Christophe Hennequin, Alicia Moreno Sabater, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Antifungal Agents, dermatophytosis, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], genotype VIII, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, terbinafine, Tinea, Trichophyton, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Humans, antimicrobial resistance, Original Research, Trichophyton indotineae, Arthrodermataceae, Extensive Dermatophytosis Caused by Terbinafine-Resistant Trichophyton indotineae, France, Dispatch, zoonoses, ringworm, Infectious Diseases, skin conditions, squalene epoxidase, Medicine, fungi, France
Abstract: Extensive dermatophytosis caused by terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton indotineae harboring Phe397Leu and Leu393Ser substitutions in the squalene epoxidase enzyme was diagnosed in France. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequences revealed the wide spread of this species in Asia and Europe. Detection of T. indotineae in animals suggests their possible role as reservoirs.
Published: 2022

15. What can analysis of Space-Time of Action tell us about medium-term changes in adults’ and children’s access to place of activity? The example of Bogotá

Author: Demoraes, Florent, Gouëset, Vincent, Souris, Marc, Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), IFEA - Institut Français d'Etudes Andines, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and ANR-07-SUDS-0025,METAL,Métropoles d'Amérique latine dans la mondialisation: reconfigurations territoriales, mobilité spatiale, action publique(2007)
Subjects: spatiotemporal mismatch, mobilité quotidienne, analyse diachronique, daily mobility, espace-temps d'action, accessibilité conjointe, Bogotá, Cambio urbano de mediano plazo, accesibilidad conjunta, prueba de colocación bivariada, Changement urbain de moyen terme, Space-Time of Action, desajuste espaciotemporal, [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, movilidad diaria, étape biographique, Medium-term urban change, etapa biográfica, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, découplage spatio-temporel, espacio-tiempo de acción, diachronic analysis, Urban Studies, test de colocation bivarié, análisis diacrónico, life course stage, joint accessibility, bivariate colocation test
Abstract: International audience; This article draws on the space-time prism as formalized in time-geography (Hägerstrand 1970) and on spatial analysis methods to examine medium-term changes to household members’ access to place of activity, against the backdrop of urban change. The analytical framework thus uses the concept of Space-Time of Action (Demoraes et al. 2020a), referring to the combination of all the places of work or study that individuals go to, and the time taken to reach them from home. The analysis is based on two surveys conducted in Bogotá (Colombia) in 1993 and 2009 to apprehend individuals’ spatial mobilities. Two groups at different stages in their life course and co-residing in the same households are studied: schoolchildren and working adults. First, Space-Times of Action are calculated and mapped using kernel outer rings delineating the concentration of destinations for the two groups and the nine survey zones at each date. Second, the statistical significance of the discrepancies between Space-Times of Action is assessed using a bivariate colocation test. The test indicates overall stability in children’s access to place of schooling, but a more contrasting situation for adults.; Basándose en el prisma espacio-temporal formalizado en la time-geography (Hägerstrand 1970) y utilizando métodos de análisis espacial, este artículo tiene por objeto examinar cómo ha evolucionado a mediano plazo el acceso de los miembros de los hogares a su lugar de actividad en acorde con los cambios urbanos durante el mismo período. Para ello, el marco analítico utiliza el concepto de espacio-tiempo de acción (Demoraes et al. 2020a) entendido como el conjunto de lugares donde las personas van a trabajar y estudiar y el tiempo que tardan en llegar allí diariamente desde su lugar de residencia. El análisis se basa en dos encuestas realizadas en Bogotá (Colombia) en 1993 y 2009 diseñadas para aprehender las movilidades espaciales de los individuos. Se estudian dos grupos en diferentes etapas del ciclo de vida y que co-residen dentro de los mismos hogares: los escolares y los adultos que trabajan. En un primer paso, se calculan y cartografían los espacios-tiempos de acción utilizando los límites exteriores de los núcleos de concentración de los lugares de destino, obtenidos mediante el alisamiento espacial para los dos grupos y las nueve áreas de estudio en ambas fechas. A continuación, se evalúa la significatividad estadística de las diferencias entre los espacio-tiempos de acción mediante una prueba de colocación bivariada. La prueba indica una estabilidad general en el acceso de los niños a su escuela y una situación más contrastada para los adultos.; S'inspirant à la fois du prisme spatio-temporel formalisé dans la time-geography (Hägerstrand 1970) et mobilisant des méthodes d'analyse spatiale, cet article a pour but d'étudier la façon dont l'accès des membres des ménages à leur lieu d'activité a évolué sur le moyen terme à l'aune des changements urbains survenus sur la même période. Pour ce faire, l'analyse repose sur le concept d'espace-temps d'action (Demoraes et al. 2020a) entendu comme l’ensemble des lieux de destination des individus pour le travail et les études, et le temps qu’ils mettent pour s’y rendre au quotidien depuis leur domicile. L'analyse s’appuie sur deux enquêtes conduites à Bogotá (Colombie) en 1993 et 2009, pour appréhender les mobilités spatiales des individus. Deux groupes à des étapes différentes du cycle de vie et qui corésident au sein des mêmes ménages sont étudiés : les écoliers et les adultes actifs. Dans un premier temps, les espaces-temps d'action sont calculés et cartographiés en gardant les limites extérieures des noyaux de concentration des lieux de destination obtenus par lissage spatial pour les deux groupes et les neuf zones d'enquête aux deux dates. Ensuite, la significativité statistique des écarts entre les espaces-temps d'action est évaluée à l'aide d'un test de colocation bivarié. Le test indique une stabilité globale dans l'accès des enfants à leur école et une situation plus contrastée pour les adultes.
Published: 2023

16. Comment on: Population pharmacokinetics of the rilpivirine long-acting formulation after intramuscular dosing in healthy subjects and people living with HIV

Author: Sihem Benaboud, Caroline Solas, Stephane Bouchet, Matthieu Gregoire, Florian Lemaitre, Nicolas Venisse, Minh Patrick Lê, Patrice Muret, Francois Parant, Nadege Neant, Sana Boujafaar, Jennifer Lagoutte-Renosi, Rodolphe Garraffo, Gilles Peytavin, Pharmacologie et évaluations thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte (URP_7323), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Nantes Univ - UFR Pharmacie), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC - Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord
Subjects: Pharmacology, Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

17. SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence surveys in blood donors before the vaccination campaign, France 2020-2021

Author: Pierre Gallian, Nathanaël Hozé, Nadège Brisbarre, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Elif Nurtop, Christine Isnard, Boris Pastorino, Pascale Richard, Pascal Morel, Simon Cauchemez, Xavier de Lamballerie, Dubois Frid, Caroline, Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Multidisciplinary, Virology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Immune response
Abstract: Covidonneur Codes and Data for the paper “SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence surveys in blood donors before the vaccination campaign, France 2020-2021”. Overview This repository contains scripts to Read and format the serological data. Launch MCMC scripts to fit models of infection and antibody decay and estimate parameters of infection-hospitalisation ratio (IHR) and force of infection in each region. Infer prevalence and plot the output of the MCMC The first script to be launched is Setup_data.R; The model is launch with the script launch_analysis. Data The folder Data contains the seroneutralisation result for 32605 samples acquired from blood donors in 2020-2021 in metropolitan France (Covdon_v3.csv) corresponding to anti-S1 IgG samples and additional anti-NIgG samples (Etude antiN T3T4T6.csv). Data were aggregated in a format that maintains anonymity of the participants: For each individual, we provide the age group (in groups 18-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70), department, survey period and median date of the survey. Additional necessary data are provided: the population size by age and region, the public daily hospital admissions. Scripts All analyses can be run from the main.R file, which calls scripts to run the analysis (contained in the scripts folder) and functions (contained in the R folder). The purpose of each R file is described below. main.R Launch all the necessary codes Setup_data.R Setup the data for further analysis functions.R Some usefuls functions launch_MCMC.R Launch the MCMC scripts. In the directory StanModels three models are provided. posthoc_analysis.R A script containing some posthoc analysis of the MCMC; It allows plotting the IHR by age and the decay of the assay capacity as a function of the time since seroconversion. IHR_Covidonneur.R Plot the IHR as estimated by the MCMC script. Here, a chain was uploaded (Model3b.rds and Model3f.rds). Seroprevalence_age.R This scripts plots the observed seroprevalence, the reconstructed number of infection, the inferred seroprevalence given by the exponential decay of the antibody response following infection.
Published: 2023

18. Evidence of Antibodies against the West Nile Virus and the Usutu Virus in Dogs and Horses from the Southeast of France

Author: Younes Laidoudi, Guillaume Durand, Stéphanie Watier-Grillot, Anne-Sophie Dessimoulie, Claire Labarde, Thomas Normand, Virginie Andréo, Patrick Guérin, Gilda Grard, Bernard Davoust, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and SOS Médecins Nantes
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Article Subject, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, General Medicine, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology
Abstract: International audience; Every year, the world faces vector-borne diseases including arboviral (arthropod-borne viral) diseases caused by several, possibly fatal flaviviruses. The way they spread is related to a complex episystem involving several elements including vector abundance, animal carriers, and the flavivirus itself, which makes the disease difficult to manage. Here, we serologically screened 556 animals (358 dogs and 198 horses) using ELISA and a serum neutralisation test (SNT) for the anti-IgG antibodies directed against the West Nile (WNV) and Usutu (USUV) viruses. The animals investigated were split into two groups according to their exposure to the risk linked to the abundance of mosquitoes and migratory birds as well as the geographical distribution of arbovirus cases (458 animals from areas exposed to risk and 98 not exposed to risk). Overall, 25/310 dogs (8.1%) and 2/148 horses (1.3%) tested positive for SNT WNV and/or USUV in geographically exposed areas. Animals in unexposed areas were all negative. The geographical distribution of WNV seroprevalence in dogs was the same as the distribution of reported autochthonous human cases. Interestingly, a non-negligible seroprevalence caused by an as yet unidentified flavivirus other than WNV, USUV, or tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was detected in 18.6% (28/150) and 3.7% (4/106) of the investigated dogs and horses from the Hérault department, in the southeast of France, respectively. These data highlight the role of outdoor dogs as suitable sentinels for the evidence of WNV and USUV circulation in each area. In addition, the serological detection of an as yet unidentified flavivirus circulating in the Hérault department deserves greater attention, as this may constitute a serious threat to public and animal health.
Published: 2023
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19. A chimeric vaccine protects farmed saltwater crocodiles from West Nile virus-induced skin lesions

Author: Habarugira, G., Harrison, J.J., Moran, J., Suen, W.W., Colmant, Agathe, Hobson-Peters, J., Isberg, S.R., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H., Hall, R.A., University of Queensland [Brisbane], University of Queensland [St Lucia], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, AUSTRALIE
Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) causes skin lesions in farmed crocodiles leading to the depreciation of the value of their hides and significant economic losses. However, there is no commercially available vaccine designed for use in crocodilians against WNV. We tested chimeric virus vaccines composed of the non-structural genes of the insect-specific flavivirus Binjari virus (BinJV) and genes encoding the structural proteins of WNV. The BinJV/WNV chimera, is antigenically similar to wild-type WNV but replication-defective in vertebrates. Intramuscular injection of two doses of BinJV/WNV in hatchling saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) elicited a robust neutralising antibody response and conferred protection against viremia and skin lesions after challenge with WNV. In contrast, mock-vaccinated crocodiles became viraemic and 22.2% exhibited WNV-induced lesions. This suggests that the BinJV/WNV chimera is a safe and efficacious vaccine for preventing WNV-induced skin lesions in farmed crocodilians.
Published: 2023

20. Cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection within the homeless population: insights from a city-wide longitudinal study

Author: Marine Mosnier, Thomas Bosetti, Jordi Landier, Josiane Warszawski, Pascal Auquier, Sandrine Loubière, Emilie Mosnier, Aurélie Tinland, Agathe Alibert, Stéphanie Nguengang Wakap, Laetitia Ninove, Elisabetta Monfardini, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre d'études et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie (CEReSS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), COVIDep Homeless [Marseille] (Médecins du Monde), Médecins du Monde [Paris] (MDM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, and This work was supported by the French directorate of healthcare facilities (DGOS)—research grant PHRC COVID-19 (COVID-homeless-0047).
Subjects: History, education.field_of_study, Longitudinal study, Public health, Polymers and Plastics, business.industry, Population, Declaration, COVID-19, General Medicine, Lower risk, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Informed consent, Health care, Medicine, Seroprevalence, EPIDEMIOLOGY, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Business and International Management, business, education, Cohort study, Demography
Abstract: ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of homeless people using survival analysis. Seroprevalence in the homeless community was also compared with that of the general population.DesignCohort study.SettingData were collected across two testing sessions, 3 months apart, during which each participant was tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and completed a face-to-face survey.ParticipantsAll homeless adults sleeping rough, in slums or squats, in emergency shelters or transitional accommodation in Marseille were eligible.Primary outcome measuresOccurrence of a seroconversion event defined as a biologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Local data from a national seroprevalence survey were used for comparison between homeless people and the general population.ResultsA total of 1249 people were included. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence increased from 6.0% (4.7–7.3) during the first session to 18.9% (16.0–21.7) during the second one, compared with 3.0% (1.9–4.2) and 6.5% (4.5–8.7) in the general population. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection were: having stayed in emergency shelters (1.93 (1.18–3.15)), being an isolated parent (1.64 (1.07–2.52)) and having contact with more than 5–15 people per day (1.84 (1.27–2.67)). By contrast, smoking (0.46 (0.32–0.65)), having financial resources (0.70 (0.51–0.97)) and psychiatric or addictive comorbidities (0.52 (0.32–0.85)) were associated with a lower risk.ConclusionWe confirm that homeless people have higher infection rates than the general population, with increased risk in emergency shelters. There is growing evidence that, in addition to usual preventive measures, public policies should pay attention to adapt the type of accommodation and overall approach of precariousness.Trial registration numberNCT04408131
Published: 2023

21. Long-Term Infectivity of Chikungunya Virus Stored in the Dark at 4°C

Author: Laura Pezzi, Odile Py, Magali Gilles, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Issa Diarra, Toscane Fourié, Ernest Andrew Gould, Pierre Gallian, Xavier de Lamballerie, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, chikungunya, infectivity, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Darkness, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Microbiology, Cell Line, Specimen Handling, Cold Temperature, 03 medical and health sciences, PCR, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Virology, RNA, Viral, alphavirus, Chikungunya virus, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; We call into question the established dogma that viruses with envelopes and RNA genomes have limited stability by demonstrating the staggering long-term viability, ∼2 years, of chikungunya virus when stored in liquid environments at +4°C in the dark. We contend that our understanding of the infectivity of a variety of enveloped viruses requires a new approach to identify under standardized conditions the primary determinants of their viability.
Published: 2021

22. Reconstructing Mayotte 2018–19 Rift Valley Fever outbreak in humans by combining serological and surveillance data

Author: Jonathan Bastard, Guillaume André Durand, Fanny Parenton, Youssouf Hassani, Laure Dommergues, Juliette Paireau, Nathanaël Hozé, Marc Ruello, Gilda Grard, Raphaëlle Métras, Harold Noël, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupement de Défense Sanitaire Mayotte (GDS 976), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and This work was funded by internal resources of Santé Publique France.
Subjects: [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a zoonosis that affects large parts of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. RVF virus (RVFV) is transmitted to humans through contacts with infected animals, animal products, mosquito bites or aerosols. Its pathogenesis in humans ranges from asymptomatic forms to potentially deadly haemorrhagic fevers, and the true burden of human infections during outbreaks is generally unknown.We build a model fitted to both passive surveillance data and serological data collected throughout a RVF epidemic that occurred in Mayotte Island in 2018-2019.We estimate that RVFV infected 10,797 (95% CrI 4,728-16,127) people aged ≥15 years old in Mayotte during the entire outbreak, among which only 1.2% (0.67%-2.2%) were reported to the syndromic surveillance system. RVFV IgG seroprevalence in people ≥15 years old was estimated to increase from 5.5% (3.6%-7.7%) before the outbreak to 12.9% (10.4%-16.3%) thereafter.Our results suggest that a large part of RVFV infected people present subclinical forms of the disease and/or do not reach medical care that could lead to their detection by the surveillance system. This may threaten the implementation of exhaustive RVF surveillance and adequate control programs in affected countries.Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a disease caused by a virus transmitted from livestock animals to humans by mosquito bites, aerosols or direct contact with infected animals or animal products. In some parts of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, the virus can lead to large outbreaks in both humans and animals. Despite some infected people developing severe forms of the disease, some experience no or mild symptoms. Therefore, infection is often not detected by surveillance systems based on the reporting of symptoms by patients. Here, we use data collected during a RVF outbreak that occurred in 2018–2019 in Mayotte Island, in the Indian Ocean, to model the course of the outbreak in humans. We estimate that, throughout the epidemic, only 1.2% of infected people were detected by the surveillance system. Our results highlight that most human cases may go unreported during RVF outbreaks, making it difficult to monitor the burden of infections.
Published: 2022

23. La génétique inverse appliquée au développement d’outils thérapeutiques contre les virus émergents

Author: BOUZIDI, Hawa Sophia, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Coronavirus, Arterivirus, fragments d'ADN synthétiques, Flavivirus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], antiviraux, ISA, Génétique inverse
Abstract: Dans le contexte actuel, où l’émergence et la réémergence de pathogènes viraux ne cessent de croître et constituent un problème majeur de santé publique, le développement de nouveaux outils thérapeutiques est indispensable. L'ingénierie des virus recombinants est un outil prééminent pour déchiffrer la biologie des agents pathogènes viraux émergents tels que les Coronavirus, les Artérivirus ou encore les Flavivirus. Cependant, la grande taille et la complexité des génomes de certains de ces virus rendent les méthodes actuelles de génétique inverse difficiles. Ici, nous décrivons une méthode simple basée sur la technologie des « amplicons sous-génomiques infectieux » (ISA) pour générer des virus infectieux recombinants, ceci sans avoir besoin de reconstruction de l'ADNc génomique complet ni de clonage. Cette technique a été appliquée avec succès aux virus du syndrome reproducteur et respiratoire porcin (PRRSV), du coronavirus entérique félin (FeCoV), du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère 2 (SARS-CoV-2) et de l’encéphalite à tiques (TBEV).Nous avons réussi à obtenir des virus recombinants « sauvages » avec des caractéristiques biologiques similaires aux souches d'origine pour l’ensemble de ces virus. Egalement, des mutations spécifiques et des gènes rapporteurs rouges fluorescents (mCherry) ont été incorporés dans le génome du SARS-CoV-2 et du TBEV permettant leur utilisation dans différents domaines de la virologie. En effet, les souches virales générées de novo ont pu être utilisées avec des essais de séroneutralisation ainsi que pour des tests de molécules antivirales. La rapidité et la simplicité de la méthode ISA a le potentiel d’accroître la génération de virus par génétique inverse, afin d'explorer les propriétés biologiques des virus et d'accélérer le développement de composés thérapeutiques efficaces. Cette méthode polyvalente, permettrait aussi de générer des souches génétiquement modifiées et atténuées pour le développement éventuel de candidats vaccins.
Published: 2022

24. Fatal Cowpox Virus Infection in Human Fetus, France, 2017

Author: Sandrine Henard, Isabelle Drouet, Evelyne Schvoerer, Christophe N. Peyrefitte, Olivier Ferraris, Estelle Mosca, Gaelle Frenois-Veyrat, Fanny Jarjaval, Laetitia Boutin, Hawa Timera, Audrey Ferrier, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Virologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHRU Nancy], Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), and Service de Santé des Armées
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Epidemiology, viruses, cowpox virus, orthopoxvirus, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, fetal mortality, Virus, Young Adult, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fetus, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Fatal Cowpox Virus Infection in Human Fetus, France, 2017, Smallpox, Orthopoxvirus, Fetal Death, Pregnancy, biology, business.industry, Research, Cowpox virus, Cowpox, virus diseases, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, infection, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Medicine, Female, France, Variola virus, Vaccinia, business
Abstract: Cowpox virus (CPXV) has an animal reservoir and is typically transmitted to humans by contact with infected animals. In 2017, CPXV infection of a pregnant woman in France led to the death of her fetus. Fetal death after maternal orthopoxvirus (smallpox) vaccination has been reported; however, this patient had not been vaccinated. Investigation of the patient’s domestic animals failed to demonstrate prevalence of CPXV infection among them. The patient’s diagnosis was confirmed by identifying CPXV DNA in all fetal and maternal biopsy samples and infectious CPXV in biopsy but not plasma samples. This case of fetal death highlights the risk for complications of orthopoxvirus infection during pregnancy. Among orthopoxviruses, fetal infection has been reported for variola virus and vaccinia virus; our findings suggest that CPXV poses the same threats for infection complications as vaccinia virus.
Published: 2021

25. Congenital Infection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 With Intrauterine Fetal Death: A Clinicopathological Study With Molecular Analysis

Author: Soraya Mezouar, Sophie Collardeau-Frachon, Laurent Daniel, Florence Bretelle, Delphine Sirgant, Julia Torrents, Emmanuelle Lesieur, Hubert Lepidi, Christine Zandotti, Radia Fritih, Frédéric Fina, Jean-Louis Mege, Myriem Otmani Idrissi, Celine Gazin, Julie Blanc, Hôpital Saint-Joseph [Marseille], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'études et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie (CEReSS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Département de Pathologie [CHU Lyon-Sud - HCL], Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Aix-Marseille Université - École de médecine (AMU SMPM MED), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté des sciences médicales et paramédicales (AMU SMPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nord Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, Marseille, France, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Necrosis, Placenta, miscarriage, Communicable Diseases, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Virus, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Pregnancy, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Immunochemistry, Major Article, medicine, Humans, in utero x death, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Fetal Death, Pathological, reproductive and urinary physiology, In utero foetal death, Histiocyte, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Fetus, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, COVID-19, Stillbirth, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, congenital infection, Fetal Diseases, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, Infectious Diseases, In utero, embryonic structures, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Gestation, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background Observations of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection from mother to fetus have recently been described in the literature. However, the consequences of such transmission, whether fetal or neonatal, are poorly understood. Methods From a case of in utero fetal death at 24+2 weeks of gestation that occurred 7 days after the diagnosis of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the mother, we isolated the incriminating virus by immunochemistry and molecular techniques in several fetal tissues, with a variant analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Results The fetal demise could be explained by the presence of placental histological lesions, such as histiocytic intervillositis and trophoblastic necrosis, in addition to fetal tissue damage. We observed mild fetal growth retardation and visceral damage to the liver, causing hepatocellular damage and hemosiderosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of fetal demise secondary to maternal–fetal transmission of SARSCoV- 2 with a congenital infection and a pathological description of placental and fetal tissue damage. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 was identified in both specimens using 3 independent techniques (immunochemistry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and realtime digital polymerase chain reaction). Furthermore, the incriminating variant has been identified.
Published: 2021

26. Persistence of Toscana virus in sugar and blood meals of phlebotomine sand flies: epidemiological and experimental consequences

Author: Laroche, Lison, Ayhan, Nazli, Charrel, Rémi, Bañuls, Anne-Laure, Prudhomme, Jorian, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and INFRAVEC2
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology
Abstract: Many virological studies have tested the persistence of enveloped RNA viruses in various environmental and laboratory conditions and shown their short-term persistence. In this article, we analyzed Toscana virus (TOSV) infectivity, a pathogenic sandfly-borne phlebovirus, in two different conditions: in the sugar meal and blood meal of sand flies. Our results showed that TOSV RNA was detectable up to 15 days in sugar solution at 26 °C and up to 6 h in blood at 37 °C. Moreover, TOSV remains infective for 7 days in sugar solution and for minimum 6 h in rabbit blood. TOSV has shown persistent infectivity/viability under different conditions, which may have important epidemiological consequences. These results strengthen new hypotheses about the TOSV natural cycle, such as the possibility of horizontal transmission between sand flies through infected sugar meal.
Published: 2022

27. Internal RNA 2′O-methylation in the HIV-1 genome counteracts ISG20 nuclease-mediated antiviral effect

Author: Kazzi, Priscila El, Rabah, Nadia, Chamontin, Célia, Poulain, Lina, Ferron, François, Debart, Françoise, Canard, Bruno, Missé, Dorothée, Coutard, Bruno, Nisole, Sébastien, Decroly, Etienne, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), European Virus Bioinformatics Center [Jena], Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fondation pour la Recherche MedicaleFRM-REPLI80C/U160Nationale de la Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hepatites viralesANRS-ECTZ80C/U160, Nationale de la Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hepatites viralesANRS-ECTZ80C/U160Fondation pour la Recherche MedicaleFRM-REPLI80C/U160, ANR-20-CE11-0024,VIRAGE,Bases structurales et fonctionnelles de la methylation epitranscriptomique de genomes de virus à (+)ARN(2020), and ANR-17-CE15-0029,ZIKAHOST,LES FACTEURS DE L'HÔTE ASSOCIÉS À LA NEUROPATHOGÉNICITÉ DU VIRUS ZIKA(2017)
Subjects: [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
Abstract: RNA 2'O-methylation is a 'self' epitranscriptomic modification allowing discrimination between host and pathogen. Indeed, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) induces 2'O-methylation of its genome by recruiting the cellular FTSJ3 methyltransferase, thereby impairing detection by RIG-like receptors. Here, we show that RNA 2'O-methylations interfere with the antiviral activity of interferon-stimulated gene 20-kDa protein (ISG20). Biochemical experiments showed that ISG20-mediated degradation of 2'O-methylated RNA pauses two nucleotides upstream of and at the methylated residue. Structure-function analysis indicated that this inhibition is due to steric clash between ISG20 R53 and D90 residues and the 2'O-methylated nucleotide. We confirmed that hypomethylated HIV-1 genomes produced in FTSJ3-KO cells were more prone to in vitro degradation by ISG20 than those produced in cells expressing FTSJ3. Finally, we found that reverse-transcription of hypomethylated HIV-1 was impaired in T cells by interferon-induced ISG20, demonstrating the direct antagonist effect of 2'O-methylation on ISG20-mediated antiviral activity.Despite highly effective antiretroviral therapies, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) remains a major public health threat. Its pathogenesis depends on its ability to establish a persistent infection in cells of the immune system. Our study highlights a new insight into how HIV-1 evades early restriction by the immune system. We showed that 2′O-methylation marks found inside HIV-1 RNA promote viral evasion from the antiviral action of the interferon-stimulated gene 20-kDa protein (ISG20), an innate immune restriction factor with a nuclease activity. By disrupting the level of 2′O-methylation of the HIV-1 genome, we demonstrated that ISG20 impairs the reverse transcription process of hypomethylated viruses, as a result of viral RNA decay.
Published: 2022

28. Long-lasting Symptoms After an Acute COVID-19 Infection and Factors Associated With Their Resolution

Author: Olivier, Robineau, Marie, Zins, Mathilde, Touvier, Emmanuel, Wiernik, Cedric, Lemogne, Xavier, de Lamballerie, Hélène, Blanché, Jean-François, Deleuze, Paola Mariela, Saba Villarroel, Céline, Dorival, Jerome, Nicol, Roselyn, Gomes-Rima, Emmanuelle, Correia, Mireille, Coeuret-Pellicer, Nathalie, Druesne-Pecollo, Younes, Esseddik, Céline, Ribet, Marcel, Goldberg, Gianluca, Severi, Fabrice, Carrat, Boris, Pastorino, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Santé Publique : épidémiologie et qualité des soins (EA 2694), Faculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg - Université de Lille-Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche en Informatique Médicale [Lille] (CERIM), Centre Hospitalier Tourcoing, Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Fondation Jean Dausset - Centre d’Etudes du Polymorphisme Humain [Paris] (CEPH), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale: grant 20RR052-00, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) : grant C20-26, Santé, Pratiques, Relations et Inégalités Sociales en Population Générale Pendant la Crise COVID-19–Sérologie (SAPRIS-SERO) Study Group: Fabrice Carrat, Marie Zins, Gianluca Severi, Mathilde Touvier, Hélène Blanché, Jean-François Deleuze, Xavier De Lambalerie, Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga, Gregory Pannetier, Nathanael Lapidus, Isabelle Goderel, Céline Dorival, Jerome Nicol, Olviier Robineau, Sofiane Kab, Adeline Renuy, Stéphane Le-Got, Céline Ribet, Miereille Pellicer, Emmanuel Wiernik, Marcel Goldberg, Fanny Artaud, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Mélodie Nguix, Camille Laplanche, Roselyn Gomes-Rima, Lyan Hoang, Emmanuelle Correia, Alpha Amadou Barry, Nadège Senina, Julien Allegre, Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo, Yunes Esseddik, Serge Hercberg, Mélanie Deschasaux, Jean-Marc Sébaoun, Jean-Christophe Baudouin, Laetitia Gressin, Valérie Morel, Ouissam Ouili, Laetitia Ninove, Stéphane Priet, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Toscane Fourié, Souand Mohamed Ali, Abdenour Amroun, Morgan Seston, Nazli Ayhan, Boris Pastorino, ANR-20-COVI-0009,SAPRIS,Santé, perception, pratiques, relations et inégalités sociales en population générale pendant la crise COVID-19(2020), ANR-10-COHO-0006,E4N,Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale(2010), CARRAT, FABRICE, Santé, perception, pratiques, relations et inégalités sociales en population générale pendant la crise COVID-19 - - SAPRIS2020 - ANR-20-COVI-0009 - COVID-19 - VALID, and Cohortes - Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale - - E4N2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0006 - COHO - VALID
Subjects: Adult, COVID-19 Testing, Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, SARS-CoV-2, Immunoglobulin G, Humans, COVID-19, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, General Medicine, Middle Aged
Abstract: ImportancePersistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection are an emerging public health problem. The duration of these symptoms remains poorly documented.ObjectiveTo describe the temporal dynamics of persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the factors associated with their resolution.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study involved 53 047 participants from 3 French adult population-based cohorts (CONSTANCES [Consultants des Centres d’Examens de Santé], E3N/E4N, and Nutrinet-Santé) who were included in a nationwide survey about SARS-CoV-2 infection. All participants were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires between April 1 and June 30, 2020. Variables included sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, COVID-19 diagnosis, and acute symptoms. Blood samples were obtained for serologic analysis between May 1 and November 30, 2020, from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection defined as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay immunoglobulin G antispike detection confirmed with a neutralization assay. A follow-up internet questionnaire was completed between June 1 and September 30, 2021, with details on persistent symptoms, their duration, and SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPersistent symptoms were defined as symptoms occurring during the acute infection and lasting 2 or more months. Survival models for interval-censored data were used to estimate symptom duration from the acute episode. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for age, sex, and comorbid conditions. Factors associated with the resolution of symptoms were assessed.ResultsA total of 3972 participants (2531 women [63.7%; 95% CI, 62.2%-65.2%]; mean [SD] age, 50.9 [12.7] years) had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Of these 3972 participants, 2647 (66.6% [95% CI, 65.1%-68.1%]) reported at least 1 symptom during the acute phase. Of these 2647 participants, 861 (32.5% [95% CI, 30.8%-34.3%]) reported at least 1 persistent symptom lasting 2 or more months after the acute phase. After 1 year of follow-up, the estimated proportion of individuals with complete symptom resolution was 89.9% (95% CI, 88.7%-90.9%) with acute symptoms. Older age (>60 years; HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68-0.90), female sex (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.58-0.70), history of cancer (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47-0.79), history of tobacco consumption (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.88), high body mass index (≥30: HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63-0.89), and high number of symptoms during the acute phase (>4; HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.39-0.48) were associated with a slower resolution of symptoms.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, persistent symptoms were still present in 10.1% of infected individuals at 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the high level of cumulative incidence of COVID-19, the absolute prevalent number of people with persistent symptoms is a public health concern.
Published: 2022

29. One-month humoral response following two or three doses of mRNA Covid-19 vaccines as primary vaccination in specific populations in France: first results from the ANRS0001S COV-POPART cohort

Author: Loubet, Paul, Wittkop, Linda, Ninove, Laetitia, Chalouni, Mathieu, Barrou, Benoit, Blay, Jean-Yves, Hourmant, Maryvonne, Thouvenot, Eric, Laville, Martine, Laviolle, Bruno, Lelievre, Jean-Daniel, Morel, Jacques, Quoc, Stéphanie Nguyen, Spano, Jean-Philippe, Terrier, Benjamin, Thiebaut, Anne, Viallard, Jean-Francois, Vrtovsnik, François, Circosta, Sophie, Esterle, Laure, Levier, Axel, Vanhems, Philippe, Tartour, Eric, Parfait, Beatrice, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Launay, Odile, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques (VBIC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), F-CRIN, Innovative clinical research network in vaccinology (I-REIVAC), Statistics In System biology and Translational Medicine (SISTM), Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)- Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], CIC Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, UNICANCER, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Grenoble, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque [CHU Bordeaux], Université de Bordeaux (UB), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Fédération Île-de-France de Recherche sur l'Environnement (FIRE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANRS - Maladies infectieuses émergentes (ANRS - MIE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), CIC Cochin Pasteur (CIC 1417), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANRS0001S COV-POPART study group, MORNET, Dominique, Association Francaise d'Etudes et de Recherches sur l'Obesite, Partenaires INRAE, ANRS|Maladies infectieuses émergentes (ANRS|MIE), Vaccine Research Institute [Créteil, France] (VRI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Efficacy, Specific populations, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19, Humoral, Immunocompromised, Immunogenicity
Abstract: International audience; Objectives - We aimed to investigate the 1-month humoral response to two or three doses of a messenger RNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine as a primary vaccination regimen in specific populations compared with that in healthy adults. Methods - Agence Nationale Recherche contre le Sida (ANRS)0001S-COV-POPART (NCT04824651) is a French nation-wide, multi-centre, prospective, observational cohort study assessing the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines routinely administered to 11 sub-groups of patients with chronic conditions and two control groups. Patients and controls who received at least two vaccine doses and whose results 1 month after the second dose were available were included. The humoral response was assessed 1 month after the first, second and third doses (if applicable) based on the percentage of responders (positive for anti-Spike severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] IgG antibodies), geometric means of anti-Spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and proportion of participants with anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies (in vitro neutralization assay for the original SARS-CoV-2 strain). All analyses were centralized. Results - We included 4091 participants in this analysis: 2979 participants from specific sub-populations and 1112 controls. Only 522 (17.5%) participants from the specific populations received three doses as a primary vaccination regimen. Patients living with human immunodeficiency virus, cancer and diabetes had high percentages of responders after two doses, whereas patients with solid organ transplants, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants and hypogammaglobulinaemia had the lowest percentage of responders (35.9% [95% CI, 29.2-43.0], 57.4% [95% CI, 48.1-66.3] and 77.1% [95% CI, 65.6-86.3], respectively). In those who received the third dose, the percentage of responders reached 54.2% (95% CI, 42.9-65.2) (vs. 32.3% [95% CI, 16.7-51.4] after 2 doses) among those with solid organ transplants and 73.9% (95% CI, 58.9-85.7) (vs. 56.1% [95% CI, 46.2-65.7] after 2 doses) among those with hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Similar results were found with anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions - A lower humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines was observed in the specific populations compared with that in the controls. The third dose of this vaccine in the primary regimen had a positive effect on the percentages of patients who developed anti-Spike IgG antibodies and specific neutralizing antibodies.
Published: 2022

30. Risk of a blood donation contaminated with hepatitis E virus entering the blood supply before the implementation of universal RNA screening in France

Author: Josiane Pillonel, Claude Maugard, Cécile Sommen, Julie Figoni, Chloé Pierre, Sophie LeCam, Pascale Richard, Pascal Morel, Pierre Gallian, Syria Laperche, Santé publique France Guyane, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Etablissement Français du Sang [Occitanie] (EFS Occitanie), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hematology, General Medicine
Abstract: The risk of a blood donation contaminated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) entering the blood supply before introducing universal HEV-RNA screening in France was estimated to assess the benefit of such a measure.The results of selective HEV nucleic acid testing (HEV-NAT) performed in mini pool of six plasma donations between 2018 and 2020 were extrapolated to the whole blood donor (BD) population after adjustment on three variables: regional establishment, sex and age group.Among the 246,285 plasma donations collected from 172,635 BDs tested for HEV-RNA, 248 (10.1/10,000) were positive. The extrapolation to all BDs led to an estimated rate of 5.9/10,000 donations (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5-7.4) which would be positive to HEV-RNA and a prevalence of 9.9/10,000 BDs (95% CI: 7.5-12.3). This prevalence was 4.4 times higher in males than females (16.8/10,000 vs. 3.8/10,000, p 10The risk of an HEV-RNA-positive donation entering the blood supply was estimated at 1 in 1682 donations. This risk does not translate directly to the risk of HEV transfusion transmission, which mainly depends on the total number of viral particles in the transfused blood component and the sensitivity of NAT.
Published: 2022

31. Jingmenviruses: Ubiquitous, understudied, segmented flavi-like viruses

Author: Agathe M. G. Colmant, Rémi N. Charrel, Bruno Coutard, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: emerging virus, Microbiology (medical), arbovirus, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, tick-borne disease, jingmenvirus, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, segmented flavivirus, Microbiology
Abstract: Jingmenviruses are a group of viruses identified recently, in 2014, and currently classified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses as unclassified Flaviviridae. These viruses closely related to flaviviruses are unique due to the segmented nature of their genome. The prototype jingmenvirus, Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), was discovered in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from China in 2010. Jingmenviruses genomes are composed of four to five segments, encoding for up to seven structural proteins and two non-structural proteins, both of which display strong similarities with flaviviral non-structural proteins (NS2B/NS3 and NS5). Jingmenviruses are currently separated into two phylogenetic clades. One clade includes tick- and vertebrate-associated jingmenviruses, which have been detected in ticks and mosquitoes, as well as in humans, cattle, monkeys, bats, rodents, sheep, and tortoises. In addition to these molecular and serological detections, over a hundred human patients tested positive for jingmenviruses after developing febrile illness and flu-like symptoms in China and Serbia. The second phylogenetic clade includes insect-associated jingmenvirus sequences, which have been detected in a wide range of insect species, as well as in crustaceans, plants, and fungi. In addition to being found in various types of hosts, jingmenviruses are endemic, as they have been detected in a wide range of environments, all over the world. Taken together, all of these elements show that jingmenviruses correspond exactly to the definition of emerging viruses at risk of causing a pandemic, since they are already endemic, have a close association with arthropods, are found in animals in close contact with humans, and have caused sporadic cases of febrile illness in multiple patients. Despite these arguments, the vast majority of published data is from metagenomics studies and many aspects of jingmenvirus replication remain to be elucidated, such as their tropism, cycle of transmission, structure, and mechanisms of replication and restriction or epidemiology. It is therefore crucial to prioritize jingmenvirus research in the years to come, to be prepared for their emergence as human or veterinary pathogens.
Published: 2022

32. Seroprevalence surveys in blood donors population and complexity of immunization patterns

Author: Pierre Gallian, Nadége Brisbarre, Christine Isnard, Pascal Morel, Xavier de Lamballerie, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

33. Avis de l'Anses portant sur « des recommandations relatives à la réduction du risque de diffusion du virus Monkeypox aux animaux en France ». Deuxième partie

Author: Haddad, Nadia, Berthet, Nicolas, Bertagnoli, Stéphane, Gassilloud, Benoit, Lecu, Alexis, Luciani, Léa, Mailles, Alexandra, Manuguerra, Jean-Claude, Pastorino, Boris, Pignon, Charly, Wurtzer, Sébastien, Collignon, Catherine, Etore, Florence, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire d'hydrologie de Nancy (LHN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Direction santé environnement travail - Santé Publique France, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (Centre National de Référence) - Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (National Reference Center) (CIBU), Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), and Anses
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], transmission, milieu naturel, natural environment, Monkeypox, Monkeypoxvirus (MPXV), Monkeypox (MPX), peridomestic animals, pet animal, Monkeypox virus, faune péridomestique, wastewater, eaux usées, animal de compagnie
Abstract: Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022). Avis de l’Anses portant sur des recommandations relatives à la réduction durisque de diffusion du virus Monkeypox aux animaux en France. Deuxième partie (saisine 2022-SA-0102). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 37 p.; Depuis le début du mois de mai 2022, de nombreux cas humains autochtones d’infection au virus Monkeypox (MPXV) ont été signalés dans plusieurs pays où le virus ne circulait pas auparavant, dont la France. Au 29 août 2022, dans l’Union européenne (UE) et l’espace économique européen (EEE) 18 072 cas humains ont été confirmés, dont deux décès enEspagne (source ECDC). En France, au 29 août 2022, 3 547 cas ont été confirmés. À ce jour, en Europe, ces cas sont survenus sans contact avec un animal importé et dans un contexte de transmission interhumaine, principalement chez des hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec des hommes (HSH), sans lien direct avec des personnes de retour de zone endémique (source : Santé publique France - SPF).L’Anses a répondu, dans un avis du 10 juin 2022, à la première question de la saisine relative à « des recommandations destinées respectivement aux vétérinaires et aux propriétaires, relatives à la conduite à tenir pour les animaux de compagnie (chiens, chats, rongeurs notamment) au contact d’un cas confirmé de MPX » (Anses 2022a).Le présent avis porte sur les autres questions de la saisine, i.e. :• « documenter le risque de transmission du virus par un malade à ses animaux de compagnie, à la faune péridomestique et, par l’intermédiaire des effluents domestiques notamment, à l’environnement, émettre des recommandations relatives à la réduction de ce risque et préciser les éventuelles mesures de surveillance associées à mettre en place. » Le demandeur a précisé que les effluents domestiques comprenaient les eaux usées et les déchets solides que sont les déchets ménagers.• évaluer le risque d’importation du virus avec des animaux contaminés et émettre des recommandations relatives à la réduction de ce risque.Les recommandations de l’Anses sont attendues pour le 1er septembre 2022. Dans l’attente du rendu définitif de l’avis, il lui est demandé de transmettre les mesures conservatoires qui pourraient être mises en place pour limiter ces différents risques. »
Published: 2022

34. Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project

Author: Thomas Obadia, Gladys Gutierrez-Bugallo, Veasna Duong, Ana I. Nuñez, Rosilainy S. Fernandes, Basile Kamgang, Liza Hery, Yann Gomard, Sandra R. Abbo, Davy Jiolle, Uros Glavinic, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Célestine M. Atyame, Nicolas Pocquet, Sébastien Boyer, Catherine Dauga, Marie Vazeille, André Yébakima, Michael T. White, Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt, Patrick Mavingui, Anubis Vega-Rua, Eva Veronesi, Gorben P. Pijlman, Christophe Paupy, Núria Busquets, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Xavier De Lamballerie, Anna-Bella Failloux, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Epidémiologie et Analyse des Maladies Infectieuses - Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics, Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal [UAB, Spain] (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases [Yaoundé] (CRID), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Entomologie médicale [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie] (URE-EM), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, VECCOTRA, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Tis study was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under ZIKAlliance grant agreement no. 734548., European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Obadia, Thomas, A global alliance for Zika virus control and prevention - ZIKAlliance - 2016-10-01 - 2019-09-30 - 734548 - VALID, University of Zurich, Failloux, Anna-Bella, Producció Animal, and Sanitat Animal
Subjects: 10078 Institute of Parasitology, Laboratory of Virology, General Physics and Astronomy, 610 Medicine & health, 1600 General Chemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, MESH: Zika Virus, Mosquito Vectors, Virus-host interactions, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Disease Outbreaks, Laboratorium voor Virologie, MESH: Zika Virus Infection, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Aedes, 600 Technology, Life Science, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Laboratory of Entomology, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, 1000 Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, Multidisciplinary, Zika Virus Infection, Virus–host interactions, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, Zika Virus, MESH: Aedes, General Chemistry, PE&RC, Laboratorium voor Entomologie, 3100 General Physics and Astronomy, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Biochemistry, 570 Life sciences, biology, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Entomology
Abstract: First identified in 1947, Zika virus took roughly 70 years to cause a pandemic unusually associated with virus-induced brain damage in newborns. Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus, both colonizing a large strip encompassing tropical and temperate regions. As part of the international project ZIKAlliance initiated in 2016, 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 countries were experimentally infected with different Zika viruses. Here, we show that Ae. aegypti is mainly responsible for Zika virus transmission having the highest susceptibility to viral infections. Other species play a secondary role in transmission while Culex mosquitoes are largely non-susceptible. Zika strain is expected to significantly modulate transmission efficiency with African strains being more likely to cause an outbreak. As the distribution of Ae. aegypti will doubtless expand with climate change and without new marketed vaccines, all the ingredients are in place to relive a new pandemic of Zika. Zika virus (ZIKV), the causative agent of virus-induced brain damage in newborns, is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus. Here, Obadia et al. characterize ZIKV vector competence of 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 different countries to inform about epidemic risk. They find that African ZIKV strain shows higher transmission efficiency compared to American and Asian ZIKV strains and that Ae. aegypti mosquitoes have highest susceptibility to infections, while Culex mosquitoes are largely non-susceptible.
Published: 2022

35. Atypical Borrelia garinii infection in an immunocompromised patient mimicking high-grade lymphoma

Author: Eiferman, Victor, Guenno, Guillaume Le, Boiret-Dupré, Nathalie, Barres, Bertrand, Luciani, Léa, Fournier, Pierre Edouard, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d’Hématologie Biologique [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], Centre Jean Perrin [Clermont-Ferrand] (UNICANCER/CJP), UNICANCER, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), and COMBE, Isabelle
Subjects: [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

36. Identification of potent inhibitors of arenavirus and SARS-CoV-2 exoribonucleases by fluorescence polarization assay

Author: Sergio Hernández, Mikael Feracci, Carolina Trajano De Jesus, Priscila El Kazzi, Rafik Kaci, Laura Garlatti, Clemence Mondielli, Fabrice Bailly, Philippe Cotelle, Franck Touret, Xavier de Lamballerie, Bruno Coutard, Etienne Decroly, Bruno Canard, François Ferron, Karine Alvarez, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Evotec [Toulouse], Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centrale Lille, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille)
Subjects: Pharmacology, Phosphohydrolase activity, SARS-CoV-2, Coronaviridae, Inhibitors, Cellular assays, Arenavirus, IC50, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Antiviral Agents, Exoribonuclease activity, Fluorescence polarization, Virology, Chlorocebus aethiops, Exoribonucleases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Screening, Animals, Arenaviridae, Vero Cells
Abstract: International audience; Viral exoribonucleases are uncommon in the world of RNA viruses. To date, they have only been identified in the Arenaviridae and the Coronaviridae families. The exoribonucleases of these viruses play a crucial role in the pathogenicity and interplay with host innate immune response. Moreover, coronaviruses exoribonuclease is also involved in a proofreading mechanism ensuring the genetic stability of the viral genome. Because of their key roles in virus life cycle, they constitute attractive target for drug design.Here we developed a sensitive, robust and reliable fluorescence polarization assay to measure the exoribonuclease activity and its inhibition in vitro. The effectiveness of the method was validated on three different viral exoribonucleases, including SARS-CoV-2, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis and Machupo viruses. We performed a screening of a focused library consisting of 113 metal chelators. Hit compounds were recovered with an IC50 at micromolar level. We confirmed 3 hits in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero-E6 cells.
Published: 2022

37. Impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rate in French blood donors: An assessment as of July 2021

Author: Pierre, Gallian, Ahmed, Slimani, Lucile, Malard, Pascal, Morel, Xavier, de Lamballerie, Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang [Ivry-sur-Seine] (E.F.S - Ile-de-France ), and ANR-20-COV9-0005,ECHO,PErceptions et impact de l'épidémie liée à la COVID-19 dans les centres d'Hébergements pour les personnes en situation d'exclusiOn(2020)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

38. Acceptance, efficacy, and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in older patients with cancer

Author: Anne-Laure Couderc, Laetitia Ninove, Emilie Nouguerède, Dominique Rey, Marina Rebroin, Aurélie Daumas, Pascale Tomasini, Laurent Greillier, Sebastien Salas, Florence Duffaud, Laetitia Dahan, Muriel Duluc, Marie-Eve Garcia, Johan Pluvy, Solène Chaléat, Laure Farnault, Geoffroy Venton, Toscane Fourié, Elif Nurtop, Xavier de Lamballerie, Patrick Villani, Remi Charrel, Florian Correard, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Unité de coordination en oncogériatrie (UCOG Paca ouest), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Unit, Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], Méthodes computationnelles pour la prise en charge thérapeutique en oncologie : Optimisation des stratégies par modélisation mécaniste et statistique (COMPO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service d’Oncologie Médicale [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Marseille, Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity (TAGC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)
Subjects: Male, COVID-19 Vaccines, Medical oncology, Second-line, Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Neoplasms, Humans, Lenvatinib, MESH: COVID-19, Thymic epithelial tumors, MESH: Neoplasms, MESH: BNT162 Vaccine, BNT162 Vaccine, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, Vaccines, MESH: Humans, Vaccination, COVID-19, MESH: Vaccination, Geriatric assessment, MESH: Male, MESH: Vaccines, Oncology, MESH: COVID-19 Vaccines, Female, Immunotherapy, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pembrolizumab, MESH: Female, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: The COVID-19 vaccination campaign began in December 2020, in France, and primarily targeted the oldest people. Our study aimed to determine the level of acceptance of vaccination in a population of older patients with cancer.From January 2021, we offered vaccination with the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine to all patients 70 years and older referred to our geriatric oncology center in Marseille University Hospital (AP-HM) for geriatric assessment before initiation of an oncological treatment. Objectives were to evaluate acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination and to assess vaccine safety, reactogenicity, and efficacy two months after the first dose.Between January 18, 2021 and May 7, 2021, 150 older patients with cancer were offered vaccination after a geriatric assessment. The majority were men (61.3%), with a mean age of 81 years. The two most frequent primary tumors were digestive (29.4%) and thoracic (18%). The vaccine acceptance rate was 82.6% and the complete vaccination rate (2 doses) reached 75.3%. Among the vaccinated patients, 15.9% reported mild side effects after the first dose and 23.4% after the second dose, mostly arm pain and fatigue. COVID-19 cases were observed in 5.1% of vaccinated patients compared with 16.7% in unvaccinated patients. Of the 22 vaccinated patients who agreed to have their serum tested, 15 had antibodies against the spike protein at day 21 after the first dose.Our study showed a high acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination, with good tolerance in this frail population. These results highlight the benefits of organizing vaccination campaigns at the very beginning of oncological management in older patients.This study was registered May 23, 2019 in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03960593).
Published: 2022

39. Immunogenicity and Safety of Beta-Adjuvanted Recombinant Booster Vaccine

Author: Odile Launay, Marine Cachanado, Liem B. Luong Nguyen, Laetitia Ninove, Marie Lachâtre, Inès Ben Ghezala, Marc Bardou, Catherine Schmidt-Mutter, Karine Lacombe, Fabrice Laine, Jean-Sébastien Allain, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Marie-Pierre Tavolacci, Christian Chidiac, Patricia Pavese, Bertrand Dussol, Stéphane Priet, Dominique Deplanque, Amel Touati, Laureen Curci, Eleine Konate, Nadine Ben Hamouda, Anissa Besbes, Eunice Nubret, Florence Capelle, Laurence Berard, Alexandra Rousseau, Eric Tartour, Tabassome Simon, Xavier de Lamballerie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), CHU Strasbourg, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpital Sud [CHU Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Nutrition, Inflammation et axe Microbiote-Intestin-Cerveau (ADEN), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [CHU Rouen] (CIC Rouen), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hospices Civil de Lyon, CHU Grenoble, CHU Marseille, CHU Lille, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), CHU Saint-Etienne, and douville, sabine
Subjects: Vaccines, Synthetic, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Adjuvants, Immunologic, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Immunization, Secondary, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, General Medicine, Antibodies, Viral, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

40. Nucleic Acid Preservation Card Surveillance Is Effective for Monitoring Arbovirus Transmission on Crocodile Farms and Provides a One Health Benefit to Northern Australia

Author: Nina Kurucz, Jamie Lee McMahon, Allan Warchot, Glen Hewitson, Jean Barcelon, Frederick Moore, Jasmin Moran, Jessica J. Harrison, Agathe M. G. Colmant, Kyran M. Staunton, Scott A. Ritchie, Michael Townsend, Dagmar Meyer Steiger, Roy A. Hall, Sally R. Isberg, Sonja Hall-Mendelin, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: saltwater crocodile, Farms, Encephalitis Virus, Murray Valley, Mosquito Vectors, Kunjin virus, FTATM cards, Virology, Nucleic Acids, Northern Territory, Animals, One Health, mosquitoes, virus isolation, Alligators and Crocodiles, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Flavivirus, sentinel chickens, Infectious Diseases, Culicidae, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, surveillance, RNA, Viral, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, West Nile virus, flaviviruses, Arboviruses
Abstract: The Kunjin strain of West Nile virus (WNVKUN) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that can infect farmed saltwater crocodiles in Australia and cause skin lesions that devalue the hides of harvested animals. We implemented a surveillance system using honey-baited nucleic acid preservation cards to monitor WNVKUN and another endemic flavivirus pathogen, Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV), on crocodile farms in northern Australia. The traps were set between February 2018 and July 2020 on three crocodile farms in Darwin (Northern Territory) and one in Cairns (North Queensland) at fortnightly intervals with reduced trapping during the winter months. WNVKUN RNA was detected on all three crocodile farms near Darwin, predominantly between March and May of each year. Two of the NT crocodile farms also yielded the detection of MVE viral RNA sporadically spread between April and November in 2018 and 2020. In contrast, no viral RNA was detected on crocodile farms in Cairns during the entire trapping period. The detection of WNVKUN and MVEV transmission by FTATM cards on farms in the Northern Territory generally correlated with the detection of their transmission to sentinel chicken flocks in nearby localities around Darwin as part of a separate public health surveillance program. While no isolates of WNVKUN or MVEV were obtained from mosquitoes collected on Darwin crocodile farms immediately following the FTATM card detections, we did isolate another flavivirus, Kokobera virus (KOKV), from Culex annulirostris mosquitoes. Our studies support the use of the FTATM card system as a sensitive and accurate method to monitor the transmission of WNVKUN and other arboviruses on crocodile farms to enable the timely implementation of mosquito control measures. Our detection of MVEV transmission and isolation of KOKV from mosquitoes also warrants further investigation of their potential role in causing diseases in crocodiles and highlights a “One Health” issue concerning arbovirus transmission to crocodile farm workers. In this context, the introduction of FTATM cards onto crocodile farms appears to provide an additional surveillance tool to detect arbovirus transmission in the Darwin region, allowing for a more timely intervention of vector control by relevant authorities.
Published: 2022
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41. Avis de l'Anses portant sur « des recommandations relatives à la réduction du risque de diffusion du virus Monkeypox aux animaux en France ». Première partie

Author: Haddad, Nadia, Bertagnoli, Stéphane, Luciani, Léa, Mailles, Alexandra, Manuguerra, Jean-Claude, Pastorino, Boris, Pignon, Charly, Collignon, Catherine, Etore, Florence, Khamisse, Elissa, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Direction santé environnement travail - Santé Publique France, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (Centre National de Référence) - Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (National Reference Center) (CIBU), Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Anses
Subjects: chat, rongeur, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], rodent, rabbit, transmission, cat, Monkeypox, Monkeypoxvirus (MPXV), Monkeypox (MPX), pet animal, dog, recommendations, chien, écureuil, lapin, Monkeypox virus, recommandations, squirrel, animal de compagnie
Abstract: Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022). Avis de l’Anses portant sur des recommandations relatives à la réduction du risque de diffusion du virus Monkeypox aux animaux en France. Réponse à la première question (saisine 2022-SA-0102). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 12 p.; Depuis le début du mois de mai 2022, de nombreux cas autochtones d’infection à virus Monkeypox (MPXV) ont été signalés dans plusieurs pays non endémiques, dont la France. Ainsi, au 8 juin 2022, 703 cas humains ont été confirmés dans l’Union européenne/Espace économique européen (UE/EEE), et 473 cas hors UE/EEE (source : ECDC). En France, au 7 juin 2022, 66 cas confirmés de Monkeypox ont été rapportés : 48 cas en Ile-de-France, 8 en Occitanie, 5 en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 2 en Normandie, 1 dans les Haut-de- France, 1 en Centre-Val de Loire et 1 en PACA. À ce jour, en Europe, ces cas sont survenus sans contact avec un animal importé de zone endémique et dans un contexte de transmission interhumaine, principalement, mais pas uniquement, chez des hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec des hommes (HSH), sans lien direct avec des personnes de retour de zone endémique (source : Santé publique France SPF). Avec l’appui des agences d’expertise, les autorités sanitaires françaises ont mis en œuvre des mesures de santé publique cohérentes avec les recommandations internationales.Le MPX est une zoonose endémique en Afrique du Centre et de l’Ouest, où le MPXV ou des traces d’infection (moléculaires ou sérologiques) ont été mises en évidence chez différentes espèces animales sauvages sans que le réservoir en ait été formellement identifié. Un épisode de cas humains est survenu aux Etats-Unis en 2003, suite à la transmission du virus à deschiens de prairie (Cynomys ludovicianus) détenus comme NAC (Nouveaux animaux de compagnie) par des cricétomes des savanes (ou rats de Gambie, Cricetomys gambianus) importés d’Afrique pour être utilisés comme NAC. Le virus a été éliminé suite aux mesures mises en œuvre au niveau des cas humains, des personnes-contacts et des animaux atteints.Les autorités sanitaires au Royaume-Uni ont émis récemment des recommandations visant à l’éviction et à la mise en observation des animaux de compagnie des cas confirmés.Il est demandé à l’Anses, « afin d’être en capacité d’adapter les mesures de santé publique :- Dans un premier temps, d’émettre des recommandations destinées respectivement aux vétérinaires et aux propriétaires, relatives à la conduite à tenir pour les animaux de compagnie (chiens, chats, rongeurs notamment) au contact d’un cas confirmé de MPX ; une réponse est attendue pour le 10 juin 2022 ;- Dans un second temps, de documenter le risque de transmission du virus par un malade à ses animaux de compagnie, à la faune péridomestique et, par l’intermédiaire des effluents domestiques notamment, à l’environnement, et d’émettre desrecommandations relatives à la réduction de ce risque.Vous préciserez également les éventuelles mesures de surveillance associées à mettre en place. Il vous est également demandé d’évaluer le risque d’importation du virus avec des animaux contaminés et d’émettre des recommandations relatives à la réduction de ce risque.Les recommandations de l’Anses sont attendues pour le 1er septembre 2022. Dans l’attente du rendu définitif de l’avis, il lui est demandé de transmettre les mesures conservatoires qui pourraient être mises en place pour limiter ces différents risques. »Le présent avis porte sur la réponse à la première question.
Published: 2022

42. Publisher Correction: Heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection in the general population

Author: Carrat, Fabrice, Villarroel, Paola Mariela Saba, Lapidus, Nathanael, Fourié, Toscane, Blanché, Hélène, Dorival, Céline, Nicol, Jérôme, Deleuze, Jean-François, Robineau, Olivier, Touvier, Mathilde, Severi, Gianluca, Zins, Marie, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fondation Jean Dausset-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Fondation Jean Dausset CEPH, Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), SAPRIS-SERO Study Group: Fabrice Carrat, Marie Zins, Gianluca Severi, Mathilde Touvier, Hélène Blanché, Jean-François Deleuze, Xavier de Lamballerie, Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga, Gregory Pannetier, Nathanael Lapidus, Isabelle Goderel, Céline Dorival, Jérôme Nicol, Olivier Robineau, Sofiane Kab, Adeline Renuy, Stéphane Le-Got, Céline Ribet, Mireille Pellicer, Emmanuel Wiernik, Marcel Goldberg, Fanny Artaud, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Mélody Enguix, Camille Laplanche, Roselyn Gomes-Rima, Lyan Hoang, Emmanuelle Correia, Alpha Amadou Barry, Nadège Senina, Julien Allegre, Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo, Younes Esseddik, Serge Hercberg, Mélanie Deschasaux, Hélène Blanché, Jean-Marc Sébaoun, Jean-Christophe Beaudoin, Laetitia Gressin, Valérie Morel, Ouissam Ouili, Jean-François Deleuze, Laetitia Ninove, Stéphane Priet, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Toscane Fourié, Souand Mohamed Ali, Abdenour Amroun, Morgan Seston, Nazli Ayhan, Boris Pastorino, and CARRAT, FABRICE
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Multidisciplinary
Abstract: International audience; No abstract available
Published: 2022

43. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous and homologous mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccination: A multicenter non-inferiority randomized trial

Author: Cécile Janssen, Marine Cachanado, Laetitia Ninove, Marie Lachatre, Jocelyn Michon, Olivier Epaulard, Zoha Maakaroun-Vermesse, Christian Chidiac, Bruno Laviolle, Hugues Aumaitre, Ady Assaf, Karine Lacombe, Catherine Schmidt-Mutter, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Magali Briere, Thomas Boisson, Paul Loubet, Boris Bienvenu, Olivier Bouchaud, Amel Touati, Christine Pereira, Alexandra Rousseau, Laurence Berard, Melissa Montil, Xavier de Lamballerie, Tabassome Simon, Odile Launay, Centre Hospitalier Annecy-Genevois [Saint-Julien-en-Genevois], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'investigation clinique Paris Est [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (CIC Paris-Est), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC Cochin Pasteur (CIC 1417), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Grenoble] (CIC Grenoble), CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre d’Investigation Clinique [Tours] CIC 1415 (CIC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre Hospitalier Saint Jean de Perpignan, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CIC Strasbourg (Centre d’Investigation Clinique Plurithématique (CIC - P) ), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nouvel Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg-Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Centre Hygée, CIC 1408 Inserm, Institut de cancérologie de la Loire Lucien Neuwirth, Inserm, Centre hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique (Morbihan) (CHBA), Centre Hospitalier Alpes Léman (CHAL), Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques (VBIC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Saint-Joseph [Marseille], Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), F-CRIN, Innovative clinical research network in vaccinology (I-REIVAC), French Ministries of Solidarity and Health and Research. BNT162b2 was provided by Pfizer/BioNTech. mRNA-1273 was provided by Moderna., Unité de Recherche Clinique de l’Est Parisien [CHU Saint-Antoine] (URC-EST), Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts (CHNO)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Rothschild [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation [AP-HP] (DRCI), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Jonchère, Laurent
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Although effective mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 infection have been deployed worldwide, their interchangeability could facilitate the scale-up of vaccination programs. The objective of the trial was to assess whether the immune response induced by a heterologous SARS-CoV-2 mRNA primo vaccination is non-inferior to that of a homologous mRNA vaccination. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial in adults 18 years of age and older who received a first dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a second dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, 28 to 49 days after the first dose. Randomization was stratified on the vaccine received at the first vaccination. The primary endpoint was the anti-spike IgG antibodies titer measured 28 days after the second vaccine dose. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, Trial, NCT04900467. FINDINGS: Of the 414 randomized participants recruited from May 28 to July 2, 2021, 390 were included in the per protocol analysis: 94 participants in group 1 (BNT162b2/BNT162b2), 96 in group 2 (BNT162b2/mRNA-1273), 97 in group 3 (mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273), and 103 in group 4 (mRNA-1273/BNT162b2). The geometric mean titers ratios of anti-spike IgG antibodies for each heterologous regimen relative to the corresponding homologous regimen were 1·37 (two-sided 95% CI, 1·10 to 1·72) in the groups 1 and 2 and 0·67 (two-sided 95% CI, 0·55 to 0·82) in the groups 3 and 4. Levels of neutralizing antibodies to the main circulating SARS-Cov-2 viral strains were higher with the vaccine regimen containing mRNA-1273. Participants who received mRNA-1273 as a second dose experienced a higher rate of local adverse reactions and general symptoms than those who received BNT162b2 (p
Published: 2022

44. Circulation of enterovirus A71 during 2019–2020, Marseille, France

Author: Aurélie Morand, Christine Zandotti, Géraldine Piorkowski, Léa Luciani, Antoine Nougairède, Aurélie Boutin, Philippe Minodier, Laetitia Ninove, Julie Mazenq, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Service de pédiatrie spécialisée et médecine infantile (neurologie, pneumologie, maladies héréditaires du métabolisme) [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des urgences pédiatriques, CHU Timone, Service des urgences pédiatriques, CHU Nord AP-HM, and COMBE, Isabelle
Subjects: Acute flaccid paralysis, Genotype, Genome, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, Enterovirus Infections, medicine, Humans, Paralysis, Viral rna, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory samples, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Virus classification, Retrospective Studies, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Enterovirus a71, Enterovirus A, Human, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, RNA, Viral, Enterovirus, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, France, business, Paediatric population
Abstract: Enteroviruses A71 (EVs-A71) are known to cause serious neurological infections, especially in the paediatric population. We report here eight cases of EV-A71 infection diagnosed in Marseille over the past two years (seven cases in 2019 and one case in 2020). Only children under 5 years of age were affected, including one case of acute flaccid paralysis. Viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR in peripheral samples for all cases (faeces and upper respiratory samples). Phylogenetic analyses based on VP1 and 2C3C coding regions revealed that all these cases of EV-A71 infection were caused by viruses belonging to the subgenogroup C1 that currently circulates in Europe and that these viruses are genetically closed to other EVs-A71 recently detected in European countries. These data therefore reinforce the usefulness of enterovirus surveillance network and the need of systematic screening for EV-A71 in case of enteroviral infection. This study therefore suggests that the systematic screening for EV-A71 in case of enteroviral infection could provide additional data for enterovirus surveillance networks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2021

45. Humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis: loss of immunity, third dose and non-responders

Author: Xavier de Lamballeri, Thomas Robert, Toscane Fourié, Stéphane Burtey, D. Bouchouareb, Matthieu Giot, Laetitia Ninove, Guillaume Lano, Océane Jehel, Philippe Brunet, Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de néphrologie et transplantation rénale [Hôpital de la Conception - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Transplantation, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), medicine.medical_treatment, Vaccination, COVID-19, Maintenance hemodialysis, Antibodies, Viral, Non responders, Renal Dialysis, Nephrology, Immunity, Immunology, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Hemodialysis, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

46. Evidence of early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in France: findings from the population-based 'CONSTANCES' cohort

Author: Marie Zins, Xavier de Lamballerie, Julie Figoni, Fabrice Carrat, Sofiane Kab, Jean-Claude Desenclos, Joseph Henny, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Société française de santé publique, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Saclay, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, Population, Population based, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Correspondence, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, education, skin and connective tissue diseases, Aged, education.field_of_study, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Public health, fungi, Cohort, COVID-19, General population, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, respiratory tract diseases, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], body regions, Female, France, business, Cohort study
Abstract: International audience; Using serum samples routinely collected in 9144 adults from a French general population-based cohort, we identified 353 participants with a positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG test, among whom 13 were sampled between November 2019 and January 2020 and were confirmed by neutralizing antibodies testing. Investigations in 11 of these participants revealed experience of symptoms possibly related to a SARS-CoV-2 infection or situations at risk of potential SARS-CoV-2 exposure. This suggests early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe.
Published: 2021

47. Temporal and age distributions of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, southeastern France

Author: Audrey Giraud-Gatineau, Didier Raoult, Vera Esteves-Vieira, Véronique Filosa, Christine Zandotti, Hervé Chaudet, Jean-Christophe Lagier, Philippe Colson, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, Cross immunity, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, skin and connective tissue diseases, Children, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-immunity, virus diseases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, University hospital, 3. Good health, Southeastern France, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, Geography, Child, Preschool, Age distribution, France, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Adolescent, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 030106 microbiology, Article, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Age Distribution, Age, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Aged, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Coronavirus, body regions, Endemic coronavirus, Demography
Abstract: Highlights • Comparable bell-shaped distributions for SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses. • Different age distributions for SARS-CoV2 and other respiratory viruses. • Less children among all SARS-CoV-2- positive than all endemic coronavirus- positive. • SARS-CoV2 was the only respiratory virus to spare children., Objectives The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic presents a poorly understood epidemiological cycle. We aimed to compare the age and weekly distribution of the five human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 that circulated in southeastern France. Methods We analyzed all available diagnoses of respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2 performed between 09/2013 and 05/2020 at University Hospital Institute Méditerranée Infection in Marseille, Southeastern France. Results For SARS-CoV-2, positive children
Published: 2020

48. The Authors' Reply

Author: Fabrice Carrat, Jean-Claude Desenclos, Xavier de Lamballerie, Marie Zins, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and CARRAT, FABRICE
Subjects: [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Epidemiology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: International audience; No abstract available
Published: 2022

49. Trends in social exposure to SARS-Cov-2 in France. Evidence from the national socio-epidemiological cohort–EPICOV

Author: Warszawski, Josiane, Meyer, Laurence, Franck, Jeanna-Eve, Rahib, Delphine, Lydié, Nathalie, Gosselin, Anne, Counil, Emilie, Kreling, Robin, Novelli, Sophie, Slama, Remy, Raynaud, Philippe, Bagein, Guillaume, Costemalle, Vianney, Sillard, Patrick, Fourie, Toscane, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Bajos, Nathalie, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Adult, Multidisciplinary, INFECTIOUS_DISEASES, Adolescent, SARS-CoV-2, epidemiological cohort EPICOV, EPIDEMICS, RISK_EXPOSURE, Antibodies, Viral, SOCIO-ECONOMIC_CONDITIONS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Young Adult, Seroepidemiologic Studies, exposure, Immunoglobulin G, socio-economic group, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Humans, infections, France, Covid-19
Abstract: Background We aimed to study whether social patterns of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection changed in France throughout the year 2020, in light to the easing of social contact restrictions. Methods A population-based cohort of individuals aged 15 years or over was randomly selected from the national tax register to collect socio-economic data, migration history, and living conditions in May and November 2020. Home self-sampling on dried blood was proposed to a 10% random subsample in May and to all in November. A positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG result against the virus spike protein (ELISA-S) was the primary outcome. The design, including sampling and post-stratification weights, was taken into account in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Of the 134,391 participants in May, 107,759 completed the second questionnaire in November, and respectively 12,114 and 63,524 were tested. The national ELISA-S seroprevalence was 4.5% [95%CI: 4.0%-5.1%] in May and 6.2% [5.9%-6.6%] in November. It increased markedly in 18-24-year-old population from 4.8% to 10.0%, and among second-generation immigrants from outside Europe from 5.9% to 14.4%. This group remained strongly associated with seropositivity in November, after controlling for any contextual or individual variables, with an adjusted OR of 2.1 [1.7–2.7], compared to the majority population. In both periods, seroprevalence remained higher in healthcare professions than in other occupations. Conclusion The risk of Covid-19 infection increased among young people and second-generation migrants between the first and second epidemic waves, in a context of less strict social restrictions, which seems to have reinforced territorialized socialization among peers.
Published: 2022

50. Heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection in the general population

Author: Carrat, Fabrice, Saba Villarroel, Paola Mariela, Lapidus, Nathanaël, Fourié, Toscane, Blanché, Hélène, Dorival, Céline, Nicol, Jérôme, Deleuze, Jean-François, Robineau, Olivier, Touvier, Mathilde, Severi, Gianluca, Zins, Marie, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fondation Jean Dausset-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), UFR Médecine [Santé] - Université Paris Cité (UFR Médecine UPCité), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This study ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche, #ANR-20-COVI-000, #ANR-10-COHO-06), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (#20RR052-00), Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, #C20-26). The sponsor and funders facilitated data acquisition but did not participate in the study design, analysis, interpretation or drafting. Cohorts funding The CONSTANCES Cohort Study is supported by the Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie (CNAM), the French Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Research, the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale. CONSTANCES benefits from a grant from the French National Research Agency [Grant Number ANR-11-INBS-0002] and is also partly funded by MSD, AstraZeneca, Lundbeck and L’Oreal. The E3N-E4N cohort is supported by the following institutions: Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, the MGEN, and the French League Against Cancer. The NutriNet-Santé study is supported by the following public institutions: Ministère de la Santé, Santé Publique France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) and Sorbonne Paris Nord. The CEPH-Biobank is supported by the «Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation»., SAPRIS-SERO Study Group: Fabrice Carrat, Marie Zins, Gianluca Severi, Mathilde Touvier, Hélène Blanché, Jean-François Deleuze, Xavier de Lamballerie, Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga, Gregory Pannetier, Nathanael Lapidus, Isabelle Goderel, Céline Dorival, Jérôme Nicol, Olivier Robineau, Sofiane Kab, Adeline Renuy, Stéphane Le-Got, Céline Ribet, Mireille Pellicer, Emmanuel Wiernik, Marcel Goldberg, Fanny Artaud, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Mélody Enguix, Camille Laplanche, Roselyn Gomes-Rima, Lyan Hoang, Emmanuelle Correia, Alpha Amadou Barry, Nadège Senina, Julien Allegre, Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo, Younes Esseddik, Serge Hercberg, Mélanie Deschasaux, Hélène Blanché, Jean-Marc Sébaoun, Jean-Christophe Beaudoin, Laetitia Gressin, Valérie Morel, Ouissam Ouili, Jean-François Deleuze, Laetitia Ninove, Stéphane Priet, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Toscane Fourié, Souand Mohamed Ali, Abdenour Amroun, Morgan Seston, Nazli Ayhan, Boris Pastorino, ANR-20-COVI-0038,COVID-METAFLAM,Mise en place d'une approche metabolomique ciblée à réponse rapide pour modéliser les cinétiques d'évolution des médiateurs de l'inflammation chez les patients COVID-19 au cours de leur prise en charge dans les services de réanimations.(2020), Université Paris Cité - UFR Médecine [Santé] (UPCité UFR Médecine), and Demarquay, Sandrine
Subjects: Adult, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19 Vaccines, Multidisciplinary, SARS-CoV-2, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antibody Formation, Vaccination, COVID-19, Humans, Antibodies, Viral
Abstract: Assessment of the intensity, dynamics and determinants of the antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in the general population is critical to guide vaccination policies. This study characterized the anti-spike IgG titers in 13,971 participants included in a French multicohort population-based serological survey on COVID-19 between April and October 2020 and followed-up with serological testing between May and October 2021. Eight follow-up profiles were defined depending on SARS-CoV-2 infection (0, 1 or 2) and COVID-19 vaccination (0, 1, 2 or 3). The anti-spike titer was lower in adults with no vaccination even in case of infection or reinfection, while it was higher in adults with infection followed by vaccination. The anti-spike titer was negatively correlated with age in vaccinated but uninfected adults, whereas it was positively correlated with age in unvaccinated but infected adults. In adults with 2 vaccine injections and no infection, the vaccine protocol, age, gender, and time since the last vaccine injection were independently associated with the anti-spike titer. The decrease in anti-spike titer was much more rapid in vaccinated than in infected subjects. These results highlight the strong heterogeneity of the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in the general population depending on previous infection and vaccination.
Published: 2022

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