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155 results on '"Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE )"'

1. Direct benefits from choosing a virgin male in the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana

Author: Denis Thiéry, Laura Arenas, Jérôme Moreau, Karen Muller, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, spermatophore, male mating experience, Zoology, Biology, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Lepidoptera genitalia, female mate choice, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Mating, reproductive and urinary physiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, direct benefits, Monandrous, Fecundity, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, Spermatophore, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, monandry, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 8 pages; International audience; In Lepidoptera, male investment in the ejaculate usually declines over consecutive matings, a depletion that could have profound consequences for female reproductive output. Since successive matings can affect the ability of males to provide phenotypic benefits, there may be strong selection for females to discriminate between males with different mating experience. The aim of our study was to determine whether monandrous females of the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, are able to discriminate between males of different quality based on their mating experience in order to maximize direct benefits (by receiving large spermatophores from virgin males) and minimize mating costs (by avoiding low-quality nonvirgin males). Nonvirgin males produced spermatophores five times smaller than those of virgin males; consequently, mating with nonvirgin males significantly reduced female fecundity and increased their motivation to remate. In a mate preference experiment, we found that females were more likely to mate with virgin males and more frequently rejected nonvirgin mates. Moreover, nonvirgin males required more time to achieve mating than virgin males. Our results suggest that females are able to discriminate between males with different mating experience, and prefer virgin males, thereby maximizing direct benefits associated with receiving large spermatophores.
Published: 2016
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2. Biological protection against grape berry moths. A review

Author: Gilles Sentenac, Lucile Muneret, Denis Thiéry, Adrien Rusch, Jérôme Moreau, Fanny Vogelweith, Philippe Louâpre, Corentin Iltis, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Santé des écosystèmes viticoles économes en intrants (SEVEN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Abt. Evolutions biologie, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Santé des écosystèmes viticoles économes en intrants ( SEVEN ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz ( JGU ), and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Landscape architecture, 0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, Lobesia botrana, Eupoecilia ambiguella, biodiversity, agroecology, viticulture, agricultural practices, landscape architecture, parasitoids, predators, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Biological pest control, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, vitis vinifera, [ SDV.SA.AGRO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Viticulture, Parasitoids, Resistance (ecology), business.industry, Agroforestry, fungi, Pest control, food and beverages, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Predators, Agricultural practices, 010602 entomology, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, PEST analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, vigne, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, contrôle biologique, Agroecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Grape is a major crop, covering 7.5 M ha worldwide, that is currently being confronted with three main challenges: intensive pesticide use that must be reduced, invasion by new pests/diseases, and climate change. The biological control of pests and vectors would help address these challenges. Here, we review the scientific literature on the biological control of grape moths by macroorganisms (excluding nematodes). Two components, biological control with an active human role, mainly using biocontrol agents through inundation or inoculation, and conservation biological control, are considered. The major points are the following. (1) Tortricid grape moths seriously damage grapes worldwide, causing yield losses and quality reduction. The more geographically widespread species, Lobesia botrana, continues to extend its range, invading South American and, more recently, North American vineyards. (2) Parasitoids and predators (including arthropods, birds, and bats) that can control grape pests are very diverse. (3) Different methods exist to assess pest control efficiency in the field but some of them remain to be developed. (4) Environmental factors, including host plants, landscape, grass or floral covers, and organic practices, affect the natural control of grape moths. (5) Pest resistance to parasitoids strongly depends on their immune system, which is controlled by the host plant. Future climate changes may modify this tritrophic interaction and thus affect biological control strategies. We conclude that biological control has a great deal of potential in viticulture and that addressing these key factors would improve the efficiency levels of biological control strategies. This would help growers and stakeholders to significantly reduce insecticide use in vineyards.
Published: 2018
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3. Ecology for Sustainable and Multifunctional Agriculture

Author: Brice Giffard, Camille Coux, Mickaël Hedde, Vincent Bretagnolle, Marine Zwicke, Stéphanie Aviron, Franck Jabot, Jane Lecomte, Sabrina Gaba, Denis Couvet, Antoine Gardarin, Séverine Piutti, Sébastien Barot, Paul Miguet, Antoine Le Gal, Adrien Rusch, Bérenger Bourgeois, Sébastien Bonthoux, Alan Vergnes, Anne Bonis, Audrey Alignier, Manuel Blouin, Rui Catarino, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'ingénierie pour les systèmes complexes (UR LISC), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), UPEC, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris – UMR7618, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de la Nature et du Paysage (ENSNP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), AgroParisTech, Bordeaux Sciences Agro [Gradignan], Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), USC 1339, INRA, Villiers en Bois, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, SAD Paysage ( SAD Paysage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, UR LISC, Centre de Clermont-Ferrand, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture ( IRSTEA ), UMR 5175 CEFE, (CNRS, UM UPVM3, EPHE, IRD)MontpellierFrance, Université Paul Valéry (Montpellier 3), UMR 6553 ECOBIO, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ), UMR 7324 CITERES, INSA Centre Val de Loire, Ecole de la Nature et du Paysage, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement ( LAE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université Paris-Est Créteil ( UPEC ), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation ( CESCO ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Socio-ecological systems, Biotic interactions, Ecological intensification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, Ecosystem services, Agricultural productivity, Agroecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Intensive farming, Ecology, business.industry, Eco-evolutionary dynamics, Landscape heterogeneity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Ecological network, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Business, Green Revolution
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [ADD1_IRSTEA]Dynamique et fonctionnement des écosystèmesChapter 1; International audience; The Green Revolution and the introduction of chemical fertilizers, synthetic pesticides and high yield crops had enabled to increase food production in the mid and late 20th. The benefits of this agricultural intensification have however reached their limits since yields are no longer increasing for many crops, negative externalities on the environment and human health are now recognized and economic inequality between farmers have increased. Agroecology has been proposed to secure food supply with fewer or lower negative environmental and social impacts than intensive agriculture. Agroecology principles are based on the recognition that biodiversity in agroecosystems can provide more than only food, fibre and timber. Hence, biodiversity and its associated functions, such as pollination, pest control, and mechanisms that maintain or improve soil fertility, may improve production efficiency and sustainability of agroecosystems. Although appealing, promoting ecological-based agricultural production is not straightforward since agroecosystems are socio-ecosystems with complex interactions between the ecological and social systems that act at different spatial and temporal scales. To be operational, agroecology thus requires understanding the relationships between biodiversity, functions and management, as well as to take into account the links between agriculture, ecology and the society. Here we review current knowledge on (i) the effect of landscape context on biodiversity and ecosystem functions and (ii) trophic and non-trophic interactions in ecological networks in agroecosystems. In particular, many insights have been made these two previous decades on (i) the interacting effects of management and landscape characteristics on biodiversity, (ii) the crucial role of plant diversity in delivering multiple services and (iii) the variety of ecological belowground mechanisms determining soil fertility in interaction with aboveground processes. However, we also pinpointed the absence of consensus on the effects of landscape heterogeneity on biodiversity and the need for a better mechanistic understanding of the effects of landscape and agricultural variables on farmland food webs and related services. We end by proposing new research avenues to fill knowledge gaps and implement agroecological principles within operational management strategies.
Published: 2018
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4. No evidence of an immune adjustment in response to a parasitoid threat in Lobesia botrana larvae

Author: Lionel Delbac, Fanny Vogelweith, Denis Thiéry, Jérôme Moreau, Yannick Moret, Behavioral Ecology and Social Evolution Group, Johannes Gutenberg - University of Mainz (JGU)-Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Study supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Conseil Regional of Bourgogne, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation., ANR-07-JCJC-0134,IMM-PRIMING,Evolutionary ecology and mechanisms of trans-generational immune priming in insects(2007), ANR-08-JCJC-0006,Trans-immunity(2008), Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution-Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Santé Végétale (SV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), Johannes Gutenberg - University of Mainz ( JGU ) -Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), ANR-07-JCJC-0134,IMM-PRIMING,Evolutionary ecology and mechanisms of trans-generational immune priming in insects ( 2007 ), and ANR-08-JCJC-0006,Trans-immunity ( 2008 )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Hemocytes, Plasticity, Physiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Wasps, Insect, Moths, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Parasitoid, Immune system, Common species, Immunity, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, [ SDV.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Larva, Enzyme Precursors, biology, Grapevine moth, Ecology, Prophylaxis, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, Campoplex capitator, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, Phytomiptera nigrina, Insect Science, Insect immunity, Insect Proteins, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, PEST analysis, Catechol Oxidase, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 5 pages; International audience; Immune function is a key determinant of an organism's fitness, and natural insect populations are highly variable for this trait, mainly due to environmental heterogeneity and pathogen diversity. We previously reported a positive correlation between infection prevalence by parasitoids and host immunity in natural populations of the vineyard pest Lobesia botrana. Here, we tested whether this correlation reflects a plastic adjustment of host immunity in response to the local presence of parasites. To this end, we measured immunity of non-parasitized L. botrana larvae exposed, respectively, to one of the two most common species of parasitoids in vineyards, over 6days. Larvae were able to sense the parasitoid through visual, chemical, or mechanical cues, but contact larvae-parasitoid were excluded. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that L. botrana larvae did not increase their immune defenses in the presence of parasitoids, despite their ability to sense a potential threat. Our results therefore suggest that the positive correlation between infection prevalence by parasitoids and L. botrana immunity among natural populations may result from micro-evolutionary changes resulting from long-term local selection pressures imposed by parasitoids in wild populations rather than plastic adjustments of immunity.
Published: 2017
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5. Mating patterns of the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in sympatric and allopatric populations

Author: Karen Muller, Lionel Delbac, Denis Thiéry, Jérôme Moreau, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), ANR : ANR Labex Côte, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR: ANR Labex Côte, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), and ANR Labex Côte
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Species complex, reproductive isolation, Allopatric speciation, Zoology, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecological speciation, Race (biology), host races, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Mating, mating patterns, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, allopatric speciation, cryptic species, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, fungi, food and beverages, Reproductive isolation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, Sympatric speciation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 15 pages; International audience; Phytophagous insects have been at the heart of investigations of ecological speciation, and it is clear that adaptation to different host plant species can promote host race formation and insect speciation. However, the evolution of host races has typically been studied at the plant species scale, using sympatric populations of insects that are specialized on particular plant species. Because many crop pest species are adapted to various plant varieties selected from a single plant species, it is of interest to establish whether reproductive barriers could evolve at this much smaller geographical scale, between individuals exploiting different plant varieties. To assess this we evaluated premating and postmating prezygotic barriers among sympatric populations of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana originated from different cultivars of the same plant species (Vitis vinifera), and between allopatric populations originated from different geographical sites. We found weak reproductive isolation for sympatric populations of L. botrana, but marked reproductive isolation among allopatric populations. In sympatric populations, the only effect was on the latency period prior to mating, which was longer for heterotypic partners that originated from different cultivars than for homotypic partners originated from the same cultivar. In allopatric populations, reproductive isolation was evident in both premating barriers and postmating prezygotic barriers. In summary, we did not find any trend for sympatric host race formation in L. botrana, but the occurrence of non-random mating patterns between different allopatric populations suggests the beginning of reproductive isolation, which could lead to the evolution of cryptic species of L. botrana.
Published: 2017
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6. Male larval nutrition affects adult reproductive success in wild European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana)

Author: Yannick Moret, Denis Thiéry, Karen Muller, Jérôme Moreau, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Study supported by the CNRS., ANR-07-JCJC-0134,IMM-PRIMING,Evolutionary ecology and mechanisms of trans-generational immune priming in insects(2007), ANR-08-JCJC-0006,Trans-immunity(2008), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), ANR-07-JCJC-0134,IMM-PRIMING,Evolutionary ecology and mechanisms of trans-generational immune priming in insects ( 2007 ), ANR-08-JCJC-0006,Trans-immunity ( 2008 ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: Spermatophore, Population, Zoology, Lobesia botrana, Larval nutrition, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Mating, education, Host plant, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Precopulatory behaviors, Male and female reproductive output, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, education.field_of_study, biology, Reproductive success, Ecology, biology.organism_classification, Fecundity, Sperm, Animal ecology, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 9 pages; International audience; In Lepidoptera, males transfer a spermatophore to females containing sperm and accessory gland secretions that are reinvested into female reproduction, providing a fitness gain to females. One of the key factors shaping male spermatophore size is certainly the resources that males have acquired as larvae. In this study, we investigate how male larval food contributes to shaping the spermatophore quantity and quality and how it affects female reproduction in the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana). Specifically, we examined the effect of male origin (cultivar or geographical site) on their mating success by scoring individual motivation to mate, male spermatophore size and amount of sperm, and finally female fecundity and fertility. A strong effect of larval cultivar was found on spermatophore size and amount of fertilizing sperm produced by males. These male characteristics had important repercussions on female reproductive output. Females mating with males producing the biggest spermatophore and more fertilizing sperm were the most fecund and fertile. Finally, females were able to recognize males of different quality during the precopulatory phase and changed their mating behavior accordingly. The present results suggest that male nutritional quality could have an important implication for population dynamics.
Published: 2014
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7. Chapter eight - How host plant and fluctuating environments affect insect reproductive strategies?

Author: Moreau, Jérôme, Desouhant, Emmanuel, Louâpre, Philippe, Goubault, Marlène, Rajon, Etienne, Jarrige, Alicia, Menu, Fréderic, Thiéry, Denis, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), N. Sauvion, D. Thiéry & P.-A. Calatayud, Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte ( IRBI ), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: Reproductive output, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, fungi, Trade-off, Dispersal, Prolonged diapause, Gamete production, Bet-hedging, humanities, Mate acquisition, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Sperm and spermatophore production, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 29 pages; International audience; Host plants possibly represent the strongest selection pressure for the evolution of reproductive traits in phytophagous insects. In a first part of this chapter, we review how plant quality affects both female and male life history traits and their respective reproductive success, and how the production and transfer to females of male sperm and associated nongametic substances (spermatophores as nuptial gifts) also depend on the host plant choice. At first glance, it seems that reproductive traits in phytophagous insects should be selected to maximize the success of this short-term interaction between host plant and phytophagous insects. This, however, ignores the fact that variation in reproductive success is detrimental to long-term fitness, which may explain that reproductive traits depart from their short-term expectation in unpredictable environments. Bet-hedging strategies – as exemplified by spatial or temporal dispersal (e.g., prolonged diapause) – can therefore evolve in such environments, as described in the second part of this chapter. The knowledge reviewed in this chapter is also integrated in the broader applied perspective of insect pest population management.
Published: 2017
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8. Untangling the effects of local and landscape structure on pest predation by natural enemies in an intensive crop agroecosystem

Author: Coux, Camille, Rusch, Adrien, Gaba, Sabrina, Bretagnolle, Vincent, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Société Française d'Ecologie (SFE). FRA., Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), and Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: EAGESTAD INRA; In agricultural crops, the use of biological control to reduce pest damages thanks to predation by natural enemies is an important ecosystem service. Unfortunately, the numerous mechanisms driving the efficiency of the predation function in agroecosystems are and often confounding. In this study, we investigated how local covariates and farming landscape structure affect predation rates of crop pest species in an intensive agricultural landscape in mid-west France. In 2016, predation rates of aphid and weed seeds of one species were quantified in a total of 120 fields, comprising four different types of crops as well as grasslands, selected along two landscape gradients: proportion of grassland in a 1 km radius and distance to the nearest grassland. We used an information-theoretic selection framework to test our hypotheses for several competing sets of models of increasing complexity. In addition to local effects linked to the experimental design and the focal plot, we included landscape metrics testing whether the predation rates within crops depended on the distance from the nearest grassland, which would suggest a dispersion-limited predation function, or if predation rates depended rather on the proportion of grasslands around the focal crop, following a spill-over dynamics from highly predated fields to less-predated ones. We found that predation rates varied across crop types, being maximal in grasslands and cereal crops, especially in smaller sized fields and organic farming systems, and that the predation dynamics in both aphids and weed seeds depended primarily on the distance and proportion of grasslands in the landscape.
Published: 2017

9. What makes a good mate? Factors influencing male and female reproductive success in a polyphagous moth

Author: Denis Thiéry, Jérôme Moreau, Karen Muller, Sébastien Motreuil, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Offspring, Antagonistic Coevolution, media_common.quotation_subject, spermatophore, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Mating, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, reproductive and urinary physiology, media_common, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Reproductive success, Ecology, direct benefits, 05 social sciences, larval nutrition, biology.organism_classification, male mating history, Sexual selection, Spermatophore, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Animal Science and Zoology, male quality, Reproduction, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Demography, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 9 pages; International audience; The mating propensity of an individual is expected to depend on the costs and benefits of mating, which may vary across the sexes and across different mating opportunities. Both males and females should gain fitness either by mating with multiple mates and/or by mating with higher quality mates. Therefore, an important question in the area of sexual selection concerns what makes an optimal mate. From a female perspective, females are expected to prefer males providing direct material benefits for the present generation and/or indirect genetic benefits for their offspring in the subsequent generation. Because the male's contribution to these benefits can be limited, as reproduction imposes nontrivial costs on males, the female's benefits from mating can vary markedly as a function of the condition of her mate. In capital breeding species, in which males invest most of their larval resources in a single reproductive event, the females are likely to prefer to mate with virgin males in good condition (i.e. males that have developed on high-quality food sources). In this study we used the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, to test experimentally whether the larval nutrition and mating history of males influence their quality as mates. We provided wild L. botrana males originating from different cultivars and vineyards with unlimited access to standardized females, and examined the lifetime reproductive success of the males and the consequences for the reproductive output of females. Our results show that ‘male quality’ depended on both the male larval origin and mating history, and that females discriminated between males and mated more with males having high spermatophore quality (virgin males and males from certain cultivars or vineyards) to obtain substantial direct benefits.
Published: 2016
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10. Larval food influences temporal oviposition and egg quality traits in females of Lobesia botrana

Author: Denis Thiéry, Jérôme Moreau, Karine Monceau, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Research supported by INRA, University of Bourgogne, and a grant from the Regional Council of Bourgogne., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Dried fruit, Female age, Cultivars, Population, Zoology, Context (language use), Biology, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, education, Percent egg hatch, education.field_of_study, Larva, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Hatching, Egg size, fungi, Fecundity, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, embryonic structures, Instar, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 10 pages; International audience; Many phytophagous insects are agricultural pests, and control methods require accurate monitoring and decisions based on the determination of population age structure. The reproductive output (fecundity, egg size and percent egg hatch) is a central life history trait because it determines the offspring number, and temporal oviposition patterns are of primary importance in conditioning larval hatching and the occurrence of later larval instars in time. In turn, these phenomena determine the window for natural enemy attack and thus impact the context of biological control programmes. In addition, for most phytophagous insects, the quality of the host plants that larvae consume determines the insects’ reproductive output. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the number of eggs laid, egg size and egg hatch percentage vary with female age and the cultivar on which females develop as larvae, as well as the temporal effects of these parameters. This determination was performed in laboratory experiments where larvae were reared on artificial diets based on dried fruits of seven cultivars. Our results showed that the cultivars had a significant effect on female temporal oviposition. Independent of the food tested, the numbers of oviposited eggs, their size and percent egg hatch decreased with daily oviposition rank. Such temporal patterns must be incorporated in age-structured mathematical models used in the design of control strategies. Temporal oviposition and variation in egg quality traits will also be useful in biological control programmes, especially when based on egg or larval parasitoids, which is thus discussed.
Published: 2016
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11. The relative abundance of hemocyte types in a polyphagous moth larva depends on diet

Author: Denis Thiéry, Jérôme Moreau, Karine Monceau, Yannick Moret, Fanny Vogelweith, Abt. Evolutionsbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz-Institut für Zoologie, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Study supported by the CNRS., ANR-07-JCJC-0134,IMM-PRIMING,Evolutionary ecology and mechanisms of trans-generational immune priming in insects(2007), ANR-08-JCJC-0006,Trans-immunity(2008), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), ANR-07-JCJC-0134,IMM-PRIMING,Evolutionary ecology and mechanisms of trans-generational immune priming in insects ( 2007 ), and ANR-08-JCJC-0006,Trans-immunity ( 2008 )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Hemocytes, Physiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Hemocyte differentiation, Zoology, Insect, Moths, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Immunity, Botany, Hemolymph, Tortricidae, [ SDV.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Animals, Vitis, media_common, Larva, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Grape varieties, biology, Ecological immunity, fungi, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Animal Feed, Lepidoptera, 030104 developmental biology, Insect Science, Instar, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Granulocytes
Abstract: 7 pages; International audience; Hemocytes are crucial cells of the insect immune system because of their involvement in multiple immune responses including coagulation, phagocytosis and encapsulation. There are various types of hemocytes, each having a particular role in immunity, such that variation in their relative abundance affects the outcome of the immune response. This study aims to characterize these various types of hemocytes in larvae of the grapevine pest insect Eupoecilia ambiguella, and to assess variation in their concentration as a function of larval diet and immune challenge. Four types of hemocytes were found in the hemolymph of 5th instar larvae: granulocytes, oenocytoids, plasmatocytes and spherulocytes. We found that the total concentration of hemocytes and the concentration of each hemocyte type varied among diets and in response to the immune challenge. Irrespective of the diet, the concentration of granulocytes increased following a bacterial immune challenge, while the concentration of plasmatocytes and spherulocytes differentially varied between larval diets. The concentration of oenocytoids did not vary among diets before the immune challenge but varied between larval diets in response to the challenge. These results suggest that the resistance of insect larvae to different natural enemies critically depends on the effect of larval diet on the larvae’s investment into the different types of hemocytes.
Published: 2016
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12. Climate vs grapevine pests and diseases worldwide: The first results of a global survey

Author: Sébastien Zito, Benjamin Bois, Agnes Calonnec, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA). UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (1287)., Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), ProdInra, Migration, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), INRA metaprogramme ACCAF, project LACCAVE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, ravageur, Growing season, Distribution (economics), Climate change, Diseases, Disease, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Agriculture, vitis vinifera, [ SDV.SA.AGRO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, lcsh:Botany, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phytosanitary certification, 2. Zero hunger, changement climatique, Ecology, business.industry, Agroforestry, lcsh:S, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, viticulture, diseases, pests, climate change, grapevine, lcsh:QK1-989, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Geography, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, PEST analysis, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Viticulture, vigne, business, Powdery mildew, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: Aim: This paper aimed to address the relationship between grapevine disease, pest occurrences and climate. The extremely large extension of viticulture worldwide offers the possibility to evaluate the impacts of climate variability on many aspects of the grape growing system. For this, we initiated a global survey to retrieve the most important diseases and pests in many grape growing regions worldwide and to identify the risk of exposure to pests and diseases of viticulture as a function of climate.Methods and results: Based on the answer of respondent about the main reported diseases/pests in their region, a severity index was calculated. Each region was geolocalised and data were compared to the WorldClim gridded climate database to document the range of climate conditions (growing season temperature and rainfall) associated to the main diseases/pests. The potential climatic-induced changes of grapevine disease and pest geography by 2050 are assessed using agro-climate projections from the ARPEGE CNRM model, using the RCP 4.5 scenario. The preliminary results allow to determine the distribution of diseases as function of agroclimatic indicators.Conclusion: While the distribution of diseases differs according to the region of the world, the current analysis suggests that mildews remain the major phytosanitary threat in most of the regions. Powdery mildew, trunk diseases and viruses were reported in extremely diverse climatic conditions, including intermediate and wet regions. Significance and impact of the study: This paper present an original methodology to address the relationship between grapevine disease and pest occurrences and climate. Such documentation is scarce in the current literature. Further analysis is currently being performed, including additional survey answers, climate indices and supplementary data collected (spatial extension, frequency of treatments…) to better depict the challenges of grapevine phytosanitary management in a changing climate.
Published: 2016
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13. Combining selective pressures to enhance the durability of disease resistance genes

Author: Denis Bourguet, Thomas Guillemaud, Anne-Sophie Walker, Xavier Reboud, François Delmotte, Corinne Vacher, Pierre Franck, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] ( ISA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, BIOlogie GEstion des Risques en agriculture - Champignons Pathogènes des Plantes ( BIOGER-CPP ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, résistance aux maladies, comparative analysis, Mini Review, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virulence, ravageur, Plant Science, Biology, Plant disease resistance, 01 natural sciences, fungicides, 03 medical and health sciences, management of plant pathogens, pyramids of plant resistance, resistance gene, Genotype, pest, Gene, Pathogen, pesticide, strategy of resistance gene deployment, 2. Zero hunger, gene stacking, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Resistance (ecology), durable disease plant resistance, mosaic of plant resistance, resistance breakdown, business.industry, food and beverages, weed control methods, 15. Life on land, analyse comparative, gène de résistance, Biotechnology, Crop protection, Fungicide, resistance to diseases, 030104 developmental biology, méthode de lutte, business, 010606 plant biology & botany, pathogen, agent pathogène
Abstract: The efficacy of disease resistance genes in plants decreases over time because of the selection of virulent pathogen genotypes. A key goal of crop protection programs is to increase the durability of the resistance conferred by these genes. The spatial and temporal deployment of plant disease resistance genes is considered to be a major factor determining their durability. In the literature, four principal strategies combining resistance genes over time and space have been considered to delay the evolution of virulent pathogen genotypes: cultivars mixture, rotation, landscape deployment, pyramiding. We reviewed this literature with the aim of determining which deployment strategy results in the greatest durability of resistance genes. Although theoretical and empirical studies comparing deployment strategies of more than one resistance gene are very scarce, they suggest that the overall durability of disease resistance genes can be increased by combining their presence in the same plant (pyramiding). Retrospective analyses of field monitoring data also suggest that the pyramiding of disease resistance genes within a plant is the most durable strategy. By extension, we suggest that the combination of disease resistance genes with other practices for pathogen control (pesticides, farming practices) may be a relevant management strategy to slow down the evolution of virulent pathogen genotypes.
Published: 2016
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14. Trends and challenges in pesticide resistance detection

Author: R4P (Reflection and Research on Resistance to Pesticides), ., Barres, Benoît, Corio-Costet, Marie-France, Debieu, Danièle, Délye, Christophe, Fillinger-David, Sabine, Grosman, Jacques, Micoud, Annie, Siegwart, Myriam, Walker, Anne-Sophie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Direction Régionale de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Forêt Auvergne (DRAAF Auvergne), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail ( ANSES Maisons-Alfort ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), BIOlogie GEstion des Risques en agriculture - Champignons Pathogènes des Plantes ( BIOGER-CPP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Direction Régionale de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Forêt Auvergne ( DRAAF Auvergne ), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Insecticides, Pesticide resistance, Insecta, Genotyping Techniques, Emerging technologies, diagnosis, échange, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, Biology, Insecticide Resistance, maladie, 03 medical and health sciences, vitis vinifera, Animals, Pesticides, bioassays, gestion intégrée des ravageurs, pesticide, Enzyme Assays, Mites, Resistance (ecology), [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Herbicides, pest and control product, indicator, système de production, exchange, food and beverages, biochemical assays, weed control methods, Pesticide, quantification, bioessai, produit phytosanitaire, molecular detection, 030104 developmental biology, Economic advantage, Risk analysis (engineering), méthode de lutte, integrated disease management, Biological Assay, pathology, indicateur, Herbicide Resistance
Abstract: Pesticide resistance is a crucial factor to be considered when developing strategies for the minimal use of pesticides while maintaining pesticide efficacy. This goal requires monitoring the emergence and development of resistance to pesticides in crop pests. To this end, various methods for resistance diagnosis have been developed for different groups of pests. This review provides an overview of biological, biochemical, and molecular methods that are currently used to detect and quantify pesticide resistance. The agronomic, technical, and economic advantages and drawbacks of each method are considered. Emerging technologies are also described, with their associated challenges and their potential for the detection of resistance mechanisms likely to be selected by current and future plant protection methods.
Published: 2016
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15. Behavioral syndrome in a native and an invasive hymenoptera species

Author: Monceau , Karine, Moreau , Jérôme, Poidatz , Juliette, Bonnard , Olivier, Thiéry , Denis, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Research project funded by Region Aquitaine and undertaken within the Labex COTE ANR research project., Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), and AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Vespa velutina, Behavior, Animal, Wasps, Vespa crabro, biological invasion, animal personality, Nesting Behavior, Vespidae, Species Specificity, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, Female, France, invasion syndrome, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Introduced Species, Social Behavior, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 8 pages; International audience; Recent studies have focused on the role of behavior in biological invasions. Individuals may differ consistently in time for several behavioral traits (personality) which covary (behavioral syndrome) resulting in different behavioral types, some of them favoring invasion. Social hymenopterans have a strong potential to be invaders and their success depends primarily on the foundresses' ability to found viable colonies. They are expected to be active, explorative and bold for optimally establishing their nest. In Europe, 2 hornet species coexist: the native Vespa crabro and the invasive Vespa velutina. These 2 species may compete for nesting sites and we suggest that the initial success of V. velutina has been favored by its behavior in outperforming V. crabro for the traits involved in nest initiation. Here, we (i) defined the personality of V. crabro and V. velutina, (ii) tested for the existence of behavioral syndrome in these species, and (iii) compared their performances using an open-field test. Our results show that V. crabro foundresses behave consistently but not V. velutina; this lack of consistency being mainly due to reduced variance among individuals. This result questions the possibility of detecting consistent behavioral differences in species having recently undergone a strong bottleneck. Both species exhibit the same correlations between activity, boldness and exploration and V. velutina clearly outperforms V. crabro for all traits. Our results suggest that activity, boldness, and exploration are implicated in both hornet nest initiation and invasion process which contributed to explain why social hymenopterans are so successful at colonization.
Published: 2015
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16. Immune benefits from alternative host plants could maintain polyphagy in a phytophagous insect

Author: Denis Thiéry, Jérôme Moreau, Yannick Moret, Fanny Vogelweith, Karen Muller, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Study supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)., ANR-07-JCJC-0134,IMM-PRIMING,Evolutionary ecology and mechanisms of trans-generational immune priming in insects(2007), ANR-08-JCJC-0006,Trans-immunity(2008), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), ANR-07-JCJC-0134,IMM-PRIMING,Evolutionary ecology and mechanisms of trans-generational immune priming in insects ( 2007 ), and ANR-08-JCJC-0006,Trans-immunity ( 2008 )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, media_common.quotation_subject, Insect, Moths, Biology, Generalist and specialist species, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, Immune system, Species Specificity, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, Host plants, Vitis, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Herbivory, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Larva, Herbivore, Ecology, fungi, Polyphagy, Plants, biology.organism_classification, Diet, Diet breadth, 010602 entomology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Immunocompetence, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 9 pages; International audience; The tritrophic interactions hypothesis, integrating bottom-up (plant-herbivore) and top-down (herbivore-natural enemies) effects, predicts that specialist herbivores should outcompete generalists. However, some phytophagous insects have generalist diets, suggesting that maintenance of a diverse diet may confer certain fitness advantages that outweigh diet specialization. In field conditions, the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, feeds on diverse locally rare alternative host plants (AHPs) although grapevines are a highly abundant and predictable food source. The laboratory studies presented here show that survival, growth, and constitutive levels of immune defences (concentration of haemocytes and phenoloxidase activity) of L. botrana larvae were significantly enhanced when they were fed AHPs rather than grape. These results indicated a strong positive effect of AHPs on life history traits and immune defences of L. botrana. Such positive effects of AHPs should be advantageous to the moth under heavy selective pressure by natural enemies and, as a consequence, favour the maintenance of a broad diet preference in this species. We therefore believe that our results account for the role of immunity in the maintenance of polyphagy in phytophagous insects.
Published: 2015
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17. Olfactory attraction of the hornet Vespa velutina to honeybee colony odors and pheromones

Author: Couto, Antoine, Monceau, Karine, Bonnard, Olivier, Thiéry, Denis, Sandoz, Jean-Christophe, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation (LEGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Work supported by a grant from Région Ile-de-France (DIM R2DS, http://www.r2ds-ile-de-france.com/, project 2011-05) and by a travel grant from the French Academy of Agriculture (Bourse Dufrenoy, http://www.academie-agriculture.fr/)., Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation ( LEGS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE)
Subjects: Arthropoda, condition contrôlée, Science, Wasps, Invasive Species, Plant Science, lutte par piégeage, Biochemistry, Pheromones, Geographical Locations, Larvae, Species Colonization, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, vespa velutina, Pollination, perception olfactive, phéromone, abeille domestique, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Metamorphosis, Ecology, Plant Anatomy, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Biodiversity, Bees, Invertebrates, Hymenoptera, prédateur, Insects, Europe, Smell, Plant Physiology, Predatory Behavior, People and Places, Odorants, Medicine, Pollen, invasion biologique, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Honey Bees, Research Article, Developmental Biology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 19 pages; International audience; Since the beginning of the last century, the number of biological invasions has continuously increased worldwide. Due to their environmental and economical consequences, invasive species are now a major concern. Social wasps are particularly efficient invaders because of their distinctive biology and behavior. Among them, the yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, is a keen hunter of domestic honeybees. Its recent introduction to Europe may induce important beekeeping, pollination, and biodiversity problems. Hornets use olfactory cues for the long-range detection of food sources, in this case the location of honeybee colonies, but the exact nature of these cues remains unknown. Here, we studied the orientation behavior of V. velutina workers towards a range of hive products and protein sources, as well as towards prominent chemical substances emitted by these food sources. In a multiple choice test performed under controlled laboratory conditions, we found that hornets are strongly attracted to the odor of some hive products, especially pollen and honey. When testing specific compounds, the honeybee aggregation pheromone, geraniol, proved highly attractive. Pheromones produced by honeybee larvae or by the queen were also of interest to hornet workers, albeit to a lesser extent. Our results indicate that V. velutina workers are selectively attracted towards olfactory cues from hives (stored food, brood, and queen), which may signal a high prey density. This study opens new perspectives for understanding hornets' hunting behavior and paves the way for developing efficient trapping strategies against this invasive species.
Published: 2014
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18. Spatial distribution of Vespa velutina individuals hunting at domestic honeybee hives: heterogeneity at a local scale

Author: Karine, Monceau, Olivier, Bonnard, Jérôme, Moreau, Denis, Thiéry, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research financially supported by INRA core budget and the Région Aquitaine., Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), and AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: capture-mark-recapture, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, learning, Ecology, Population Dynamics, Wasps, Bees, Vespidae, Predatory Behavior, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, France, predation, Apis mellifera, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, yellow-legged hornet, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 10 pages; International audience; Since its recent introduction into Europe, the yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, has become a major predator of the domestic honeybee, Apis mellifera, but little is known about its hunting behavior. We studied V. velutina hunting behavior by a capture-mark-recapture procedure in an experimental apiary. A total of 360 hornets were captured and tagged, and we determined: (i) the number of hornets visiting the apiary and the changes in time, (ii) the average number of individual visits per half-day and the time elapsed between consecutive recaptures, and (iii) the individual and global distribution of the hornets in the apiary. More than 50% of the marked hornets were recaptured at least once, this increased to 74% in considering the first marked individuals. We estimated 350 hornets visiting the patch daily with at least 1 visit per half-day. The number of marked hornets decreased over time while the number of unmarked ones increased, suggesting a turnover of individuals. The reduction of the delay between consecutive visits indicates that hornets became more efficient over time. Most of the hornets (88%) were recaptured in front of different hives but, overall, the global distribution was aggregative. Hornets were mainly recaptured in front of 1 hive which was neither the smallest nor the biggest colony, suggesting that the major cue used by hornets is not the amount of food. We hypothesize that the defensive behavior of the honeybee colony could explain our results which may be promising to further studies.
Published: 2014
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19. Larval intraspecific competition for food in the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana

Author: Denis Thiéry, Jérôme Moreau, Karine Monceau, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Research supported by INRA, University of Bourgogne. and by a post doctoral grant of Région Aquitaine., Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, Competitive Behavior, Time Factors, Oviposition, media_common.quotation_subject, intraspecific competition, Zoology, Moths, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, Species Specificity, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, Vitis, life history traits, media_common, larval crowding, Population Density, Analysis of Variance, Likelihood Functions, Larva, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Ecology, fungi, Longevity, Feeding Behavior, General Medicine, Fecundity, biology.organism_classification, Pupa, Lepidoptera, 010602 entomology, compensatory mortality, Crowding, Fertility, Insect Science, Regression Analysis, growth rate, France, Genetic Fitness, PEST analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Effective pest management with lower amounts of pesticides relies on accurate prediction of insect pest growth rates. Knowledge of the factors governing this trait and the resulting fitness of individuals is thus necessary to refine predictions and make suitable decisions in crop protection. The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, the major pest of grapes in Europe, is responsible for huge economic losses. Larvae very rarely leave the grape bunch on which they were oviposited and thus cannot avoid intraspecific competition. In this study, we determined the impact of intraspecific competition during the larval stage on development and adult fitness in this species. This was tested by rearing different numbers of larvae on an artificial diet and measuring developmental and reproductive life history traits. We found that intraspecific competition during larval development has a slight impact on the fitness of L. botrana. The principal finding of this work is that larval density has little effect on the life history traits of survivors. Thus, the timing of eclosion, duration of subsequent oviposition, fecundity appears to be more uniform in L. botrana than in other species. The main effect of larval crowding was a strong increase of larval mortality at high densities whereas the probability of emergence, sex ratio, pupal mass, fecundity and longevity of mated females were not affected by larval crowding. Owing to increased larval mortality at high larval densities, we hypothesized that mortality of larvae at high densities provided better access to food for the survivors with the result that more food was available per capita and there were no effect on fitness of survivors. From our results, larval crowding alters the reproductive capacity of this pest less than expected but this single factor should now be tested in interaction with limited resources in the wild.
Published: 2014
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20. Different emergence phenology of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on six varieties of grapes

Author: Denis Thiéry, Jérôme Moreau, Karine Monceau, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), and AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tortricidae, Male, Food Chain, intraspecific competition, Population, Moths, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Lepidoptera genitalia, Botany, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, Vitis, education, life history traits, larval crowding, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, education.field_of_study, biology, Reproductive success, Phenology, fungi, Pupa, food and beverages, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Lepidoptera, 010602 entomology, Horticulture, compensatory mortality, Insect Science, Larva, Female, growth rate, PEST analysis, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: The phenology of insect emergence affects reproductive success and is especially critical in short-lived species. An increasing number of studies have documented the effects of thermal and other climatic variations and of unpredictable habitats on the timing of adult insect emergence within and between populations and years. Numerous interacting factors may affect the phenology of adult emergence. Host-plant quality and availability is a key factor that has been largely neglected in studies of the phenology of phytophagous insects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of host plant characteristics on the rate of larval growth and the pattern of emergence in a wild population of Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth), a significant pest in European vineyards. The phenology of emergence differed significantly among the six tested varieties of grapes. The percentage of bunches harboring pupae was similar among the different grape varieties, and the total number of pupae collected was similar to the number of emerging adults per bunch. Among the six varieties of grapes, 0–25 pupae were produced on each bunch. Each of the grape varieties had a single wave of emergence, in which males emerged before females, but their emergence phenology differed significantly in Chardonnay, Chasselas, and Pinot grapes. Both genders had extended durations of emergence in Merlot grapes. Together, the present results show that the characteristics of the grape host plant affect the emergence phenology of L. botrana.
Published: 2014
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21. Defense strategies used by two sympatric vineyard moth pests

Author: Yannick Moret, Sébastien Motreuil, Eloïse Colin, Fanny Vogelweith, Denis Thiéry, Jérôme Moreau, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Study supported by the CNRS., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tortricidae, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Hemocytes, Behavioral defense, Physiology, Biological pest control, Parasitism, Moths, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Parasitoid, Host-Parasite Interactions, Hemolymph, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, Vitis, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Physical defense, Enzyme Precursors, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Eupoecilia ambiguella, biology, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, fungi, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, Natural population growth, Sympatric speciation, Insect Science, Larva, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Immunological defense, Catechol Oxidase, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 8 pages; International audience; Natural enemies including parasitoids are the major biological cause of mortality among phytophagous insects. In response to parasitism, these insects have evolved a set of defenses to protect themselves, including behavioral, morphological, physiological and immunological barriers. According to life history theory, resources are partitioned to various functions including defense, implying trade-offs among defense mechanisms. In this study we characterized the relative investment in behavioral, physical and immunological defense systems in two sympatric species of Tortricidae (Eupoecilia ambiguella, Lobesia botrana) which are important grapevine moth pests. We also estimated the parasitism by parasitoids in natural populations of both species, to infer the relative success of the investment strategies used by each moth. We demonstrated that larvae invest differently in defense systems according to the species. Relative to L. botrana, E. ambiguella larvae invested more into morphological defenses and less into behavioral defenses, and exhibited lower basal levels of immune defense but strongly responded to immune challenge. L. botrana larvae in a natural population were more heavily parasitized by various parasitoid species than E. ambiguella, suggesting that the efficacy of defense strategies against parasitoids is not equal among species. These results have implications for understanding of regulation in communities, and in the development of biological control strategies for these two grapevine pests.
Published: 2014
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22. Geographical variation in parasitism shapes larval immune function in a phytophagous insect

Author: Denis Thiéry, Jérôme Moreau, Morgane Dourneau, Yannick Moret, Fanny Vogelweith, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Study supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)and the Regional Council of Bourgogne., Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Immune defense, animal diseases, media_common.quotation_subject, Wasps, Parasitism, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Insect, Moths, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Host-Parasite Interactions, Tritrophic interactions, Immune system, Immunity, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, Body Size, Vitis, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Principal Component Analysis, Larva, Grape varieties, biology, Ecology, Host (biology), fungi, Temperature, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, bacteria, Immunocompetence, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 13 pages; International audience; Two of the central goals of immunoecology are to understand natural variation in the immune system among populations and to identify those selection pressures that shape immune traits. Maintenance of the immune system can be costly, and both food quality and parasitism selection pressure are factors potentially driving immunocompetence. In tritrophic interactions involving phytophagous insects, host plants, and natural enemies, the immunocompetence of phytophagous insects is constrained by selective forces from both the host plants and the natural enemies. Here, we assessed the roles of host plants and natural enemies as selective pressures on immune variation among natural populations of Lobesia botrana. Our results showed marked geographical variation in immune defenses and parasitism among different natural populations. Larval immune functions were dependent of the host plant quality and were positively correlated to parasitism, suggesting that parasitoids select for greater investment into immunity in moth. Furthermore, investment in immune defense was negatively correlated with body size, suggesting that it is metabolically expensive. The findings emphasize the roles of host plants and parasitoids as selective forces shaping host immune functions in natural conditions. We argue that kinds of study are central to understanding natural variations in immune functions, and the selective forces beyond.
Published: 2013
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23. Immunocompetence increases with larval body size in a phytophagous moth

Author: Vogelweith, Fanny, Thiéry, Denis, Moret, Yannick, Moreau, Jérôme, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Study supported by the CNRS., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: larval body size, haemocyte count, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Eupoecilia ambiguella, larval immune defence, phenoloxidase enzyme cascad, fungi, bacteria, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, immune-challenged larvae, [ SDV.IMM.IA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology
Abstract: 7 pages; International audience; Despite the obvious benefit of an immune system, its efficacy against pathogens and parasites may show great variation among individuals, populations and species. Understanding the causes of this variation is becoming a central theme in ecology. Many biotic and abiotic factors are known to influence immunocompetence (temperature, age, etc.). However, for a given age, size among individuals varies, probably as a result of accumulated resources. Thus, these variable resources could be allocated to immune defence and, consequently, body size may explain part of the variation in immune responsiveness. However, the influence of body size on immune defence is often overlooked. The present study investigates variations in haemocyte count and phenoloxidase activity in larvae of the phytophagous vine moth Eupoecilia ambiguella H¨ubner of the same age, although differing in body size. The measurements of immune function are made both when the insects are immunologically naïve and 24 h after a bacterial immune challenge. The base levels of these immune parameters do not covary with body size in naïve larvae. After the bacterial immune challenge, more haemocytes and phenoloxidase enzyme are mobilized, and the mobilization of these immune effectors is correlated positively with individual body size. Thus, larger larvae exhibit higher immunocompetence than smaller ones, suggesting that smaller larvae might be more vulnerable to infection. These results suggest that body size is probably an underestimated variable, which nevertheless modulates the insect immune system and should thus be considered as a covariate in insect immune system measurement. It is recommended therefore, that body size should be taken into account in ecological immunity studies with insects.
Published: 2013
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24. Contrôle des ravageurs de cultures par les ennemis naturels : la plante hôte facteur régulateur du système immunitaire des chenilles de vers de la grappe

Author: Fanny Vogelweith, Denis Thiéry, Yannick Moret, Jérôme Moreau, Laffont, Rémi, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), and AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, cépage de vigne, interactions tri-trophiques, [SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, [ SDV.IMM.IA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, immunité des insectes, [SDV.IMM.IA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, parasitoïdes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, vers de la grappe, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 10 pages; National audience; En raison des nombreux dégâts occasionnés par les vers de la grappe dans les vignobles, trouver un moyen de lutte efficace est devenu un réel challenge. A l’heure actuelle, la lutte biologique apparaît comme une alternative possible à la lutte chimique. Cependant, les résultats obtenus suite aux lâchers de parasitoïdes sont extrêmement variables dans leur efficacité. Des études approfondies de la biologie des vers de la grappe et de leurs parasitoïdes sont donc nécessaires afin d’affiner les méthodes de lutte biologique. Le système immunitaire des insectes représente la dernière ligne de défense des phytophages contre les parasitoïdes. Dans cette étude nous mettons en évidence l’influence du cépage de vigne, à la fois sur les défenses immunitaires et sur le taux de parasitisme des vers de la grappe par des parasitoïdes. Ces résultats suggèrent alors qu’il est important de tenir compte de l’immunité du ravageur dans les programmes de luttes biologiques. En effet, comme certains cépages réduisent ou augmentent l’expression de certains effecteurs immunitaires clés des ravageurs, l’efficacité des agents biologiques visant à lutter contre ces derniers peut être compromise ou améliorée selon les cas. Par conséquent, pour une efficacité de lutte maximale, le choix des agents biologiques de contrôle de ravageurs de la vigne dépendra du cépage de vigne considéré.
Published: 2013

25. Lobesia botrana larvae develop faster in the presence of parasitoids

Author: Yannick Moret, Denis Thiéry, Jérôme Moreau, Fanny Vogelweith, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Funding provided by the CNRS and the Conseil Regional de Bourgogne., Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, système immunitaire, lcsh:Medicine, Moths, Lobesia botrana, 01 natural sciences, Parasitoid, Behavioral Ecology, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, lobesia botrana, Life history, croissance des larves, lcsh:Science, 0303 health sciences, Larva, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Animal Behavior, Adaptation, Physiological, larve, Community Ecology, Research Article, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Parasitism, 010603 evolutionary biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, parasitoïde, lcsh:R, fungi, biology.organism_classification, Species Interactions, Evolutionary Ecology, lcsh:Q, Parasitology, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Zoology, Entomology, intéraction hôte parasite, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 3 pages; International audience; To combat parasitism hosts often rely on their immune system, which is the last line of defense. However, the immune system may not always be effective, and other non-immunological defenses might be favored to reduce the cost of parasite infection. Here we report that larvae of the moth Lobesia botrana can rapidly accelerate their development and reach maturity earlier in response to cues perceived at a distance from parasitoids. Such a phenotypically plastic life history shift, induced by the perception of deadly enemies in the environment, is likely to be an adaptive defensive strategy to prevent parasitoid attack, and has important implications in host-parasite dynamics.
Published: 2013
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26. Heterozygosity-fitness correlations in adult and juvenile Zenaida Dove, Zenaida aurita

Author: Frank Cézilly, Christine Dubreuil, Karine Monceau, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Rémi Wattier, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), and Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Zenaida doves, Population Dynamics, 01 natural sciences, Fluctuating asymmetry, Linkage Disequilibrium, Loss of heterozygosity, Genetics (clinical), 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Likelihood Functions, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Age Factors, outbreeding depression, multilocus heterozygosity, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], body condition, Biotechnology, Zenaida aurita, Heterozygote, Genotype, Outbreeding depression, Population, Foraging, Zoology, Barbados, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Juvenile, Animals, 14. Life underwater, education, Columbidae, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Population Density, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Models, Genetic, Genetic Variation, island population, microsatellite markers, biology.organism_classification, Genetics, Population, Body Constitution, Genetic Fitness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: 10 pages; International audience; Understanding how fitness is related to genetic variation is of crucial importance in both evolutionary ecology and conservation biology. We report a study of heterozygosity-fitness correlations in a wild, noninbred population of Zenaida Doves, Zenaida aurita, based on a sample comprising 489 individuals (382 adults and 107 juveniles) typed at 13 microsatellite loci, resulting in a data set comprising 5793 genotypes. In both adults and juveniles, and irrespective of sex, no evidence was found for an effect of either multilocus or single-locus heterozygosity on traits potentially related to fitness such as foraging tactic, competitive ability, and fluctuating asymmetry. In contrast, a significant negative correlation between body condition and multilocus heterozygosity, indicative of outbreeding depression, was found in juveniles, whereas no such trend was observed in adults. However, the frequency distribution of heterozygosity did not differ between the two age classes, suggesting compensatory growth by heterozygous juveniles. We discuss our results in relation to some practical limitations associated with studies of heterozygosity-fitness correlations, and suggest that tropical bird species with allopatric divergence between island populations may provide a good biological model for the detection of outbreeding depression.
Published: 2013
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27. Qualité de la plante hôte et succès reproducteur

Author: Jérôme Moreau, Denis Thiéry, ProdInra, Migration, Nicolas Sauvion (ed. sc.), Paul-André Calatayud (ed. sc.), Denis Thiery (ed. sc.), Frédéric Marion-Poll (ed. sc.), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), N. Sauvion, D. Thiéry & F. Marion-Poll, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), and Laffont, Rémi
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, [SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Chapitre 24; National audience
Published: 2013

28. Host plant variation plastically impacts different traits of the immune system of a phytophagous insect

Author: Vogelweith, Fanny, Thiéry, Denis, Moret, Yannick, Moreau, Jérôme, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Study supported by the CNRS the Conseil Régional of Aquitaine and the Conseil Régional of Bourgogne., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, antimicrobial activity, enzymatic cascade of prophenoloxidase, larval immune defence, larval diet, fungi, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, [ SDV.IMM.IA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, immune challenge, Eupoecilia ambiguella, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, haemocytes, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, bacteria, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, grapes, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 7 pages; International audience; 1. Host plant quality affects herbivorous insect performance and consequently their susceptibility to natural enemies. Recently, it has been hypothesized that the immune function of herbivorous insects can be altered by their host plant, thus generating variation in their susceptibility to entomopathogens. Previous studies testing this hypothesis provided contradictory outcomes, mainly as a result of the differences in methodology such as measuring a single-immune parameter rather than considering trade-off-mediated interactions between immune defence systems of the insect. Here, we hypothesized that plant-mediated changes in insect immunity could result from the alteration of physiological immune effectors of the herbivore evident as trade-offs. 2. Larvae of an inbred strain of the European grape berry moth Eupoecilia ambiguella were reared on five artificial diets each based on a different grape variety (Chardonnay, Chasselas, Gewurztraminer, Merlot, Riesling) and tested for changes in the baseline concentration of haemocytes, activities of the prophenoloxidase (PPO) system and of antimicrobial peptides of their haemolymph. Immune responsiveness of larvae across diets was also assessed by measuring changes in haemocyte concentration and activity of the PPO system after a bacterial immune challenge. 3. We found that variation among diets significantly affected immune defences of larvae. The alteration of the E. ambiguella immune system appears plastic and partly mediated by existing physiological trade-offs between immune pathways, at least between induced antibacterial defences and the PPO system. 4. These results clearly show that host plant quality can affect immune defences and potentially disease resistance of E. ambiguella and that these changes in immunity may also result from intrinsic trade-offs between immune defence systems in insects.
Published: 2011
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29. Control of grape berry moth larvae using parasitoids: should it be developed?

Author: Denis Thiéry, Delbac, L., Claire Villemant, Jérôme Moreau, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité ( OSEB ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), A. Calonnec, C. Duso, C. Gessler, H.H. Kassemeyer, M. Maixner, D. Thiéry & T. Zahavi, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité (OSEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, A. Calonnec, C. Duso, C. Gessler, H.H. Kassemeyer, M. Maixner, D. Thiéry & T. Zahavi, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laffont, Rémi
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 8 pages; International audience; Besides mating disruption techniques and progress in monitoring techniques (e.g. theuse of food traps against females), biological control may reveal itself very efficient at controllinggrape moth populations. Parasitoids active to control grape moths are known for long invineyards; few of them were already described in the middle of the 19th century in Frenchvineyards and their efficiency was already recognized especially against the diapausing and thefirst spring generations of the moths. Rather numerous attempts to release egg parasitoids havebeen done in different European countries using different species of trichogrammas. The resultsobtained varied a lot and could not yet clearly promote the use of this technique in vineyards. Webelieve that a biological control based on larval parasitoids could efficiently be developed as avaluable alternative to chemical control. In the present paper, we focus on larval parasitoidsamong which ichneumonids and chalcidoids (Hymenoptera) dominate, and present resultsobtained in different French vineyards (Bordeaux vineyard, Perpignan and Montpellier area,Côtes du Rhône and Alsace). We discuss factors that may favour or reduce their efficiency asbiocontrol agents.
Published: 2009

30. Quantitative trait loci in pepper control the effective population size of two RNA viruses at inoculation

Author: Elsa Rousseau, Alain Palloix, Frédéric Grognard, Ludovic Mailleret, Sebastien Barraillé, Marion Szadkowski, Benoît Moury, Lucie Tamisier, Frédéric Fabre, Ghislaine Nemouchi, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), BAP (Biologie et Amélioration des Plantes) department, SMaCH (Sustainable Management of Crop Health) metaprogramme of INRA, Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (PACA), Station de Pathologie Végétale (AVI-PATHO), Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des fruits et légumes (GALF), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de pathologie végétale (UR 407) INRA Avignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Capsicum annuum, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Potyvirus, Population, Quantitative trait locus, Cucumovirus, 01 natural sciences, Virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, virus infection, bottlenecks, Potato virus Y, education, Gene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Plant Diseases, Genetics, education.field_of_study, biology, fungi, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, 030104 developmental biology, quantitative trait loci, Capsicum, effective population size, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: We thank the staff of the INRAE Experimental facilities of the Plant Pathology research unit (IEPV, https://doi.org/10.15454/8DGF-QF70) for their involvement in field experiments; International audience; Infection of plants by viruses is a complex process involving several steps: inoculation into plant cells, replication in inoculated cells and plant colonization. The success of the different steps depends, in part, on the viral effective population size (Ne), defined as the number of individuals passing their genes to the next generation. During infection, the virus population will undergo bottlenecks, leading to drastic reductions in Ne and, potentially, to the loss of the fittest variants. Therefore, it is crucial to better understand how plants affect Ne. We aimed to (i) identify the plant genetic factors controlling Ne during inoculation, (ii) understand the mechanisms used by the plant to control Ne and (iii) compare these genetic factors with the genes controlling plant resistance to viruses. Ne was measured in a doubled-haploid population of Capsicum annuum. Plants were inoculated with either a Potato virus Y (PVY) construct expressing the green fluorescent protein or a necrotic variant of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Newas assessed by counting the number of primary infection foci on cotyledons for PVY or the number of necrotic local lesions on leaves for CMV. The number of foci and lesions was correlated (r=0.57) and showed a high heritability (h2=0.93 for PVY and h2=0.98 for CMV). The Ne of the two viruses was controlled by both common quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and virus-specific QTLs, indicating the contribution of general and specific mechanisms. The PVY-specific QTL colocalizes with a QTL that reduces PVY accumulation and the capacity to break down a major-effect resistance gene.
Published: 2017
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31. Lobesia botrana as a preferred host of Campoplex capitator, the most occurring larval parasitoid in European vineyards

Author: Fanny Vogelweith, Nina Buffenoir, Denis Thiéry, Jérôme Moreau, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Santé des écosystèmes viticoles économes en intrants (SEVEN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Grants from the Conseil Regional of Bourgogne., Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tortricidae, Eupoecilia ambiguella, biology, business.industry, Host (biology), Pest control, host species preference, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Zoology, grapevine moth, choice test, biology.organism_classification, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Parasitoid, Lepidoptera genitalia, 010602 entomology, Ichneumonidae, Insect Science, larval parasitoid, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, business, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 6 pages; International audience; Parasitoids are major biological agents in crop protection, and understanding their preference towards specific host species is a key aspect of successful pest control. In the present study, we have examined the host preferences of the larval parasitoid Campoplex capitator (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), one of the major natural enemies for tortricid grapevine pest populations in European vineyards. Using a test choice between its two main and sympatric hosts, we wanted to determine whether C. capitator females that emerged from Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) also prefer its natal host L. botrana, or Eupoecilia ambiguella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) as host; and consequently, if it could be a good candidate as a bio-agent for these species. Our results distinctly showed that naïve C. capitator females preferred L. botrana over E. ambiguella as host, as they directly sought out new L. botrana hosts. Overall, it reveals that C. capitator could be a very efficient parasitoid to control L. botrana populations. Our results might also suggest the importance of natal host in parasitoid host preference, which should be considered in the future when mass-rearing bio-agents.
Published: 2019
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32. In vitro and in vivo screening of antagonistic bacterial strains from vineyards to controlBotrytis cinereain grapevine tissues

Author: Jean Roudet, Rana Haidar, Marc Fermaud, Thomas Gautier, Carlos Calvo-Garrido, Alain Deschamps, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Tichreen University, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), and European Project: 267196,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-COFUND,AGREENSKILLS(2012)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], biological control, Horticulture, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, Wine grape, maladie fongique, food, fungal diseases, bacteria, Mycelium, Botrytis, Botrytis cinerea, antibiosis, fungi, Antibiosis, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, grapevine, Fungicide, 010602 entomology, volatiles, Vitis vinifera, Postharvest, Botrytis bunch rot, botrytis cinerea, vigne, contrôle biologique, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Botrytis bunch rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is an important fungal disease of grapevine with high economic importance in wine grape production and postharvest storage of table grapes. Biological control by antagonistic bacteria is a promising strategy for reducing the common use of synthetic fungicides to control this pathogen. A total of 45 bacterial strains, isolated from grapevine tissues in 'Bordeaux' vineyards were screened in vitro for their potential antifungal activity against two major vineyard subpopulations of B. cinerea, i.e., transposa and vacuma. These two transposon genotypes differ significantly in virulence on grape berries. The inhibitory effects of the bacterial strains on the mycelial growth were tested in vitro for detecting the potential production of diffusible metabolites and volatile organic compounds. Furthermore, ten strains among the most effective ones were selected and evaluated in vivo on detached grapevine host organs: leaf discs and grape berries. We showed that some of the bacterial strains strongly inhibited B. cinerea mycelial growth under in vitro conditions, and also significantly reduced rot severity in vivo. The results suggest the potential to control postharvest gray mold by some of the bacterial strains tested.
Published: 2016
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33. Exploring the hydraulic failure hypothesis of esca leaf symptom formation

Author: Bortolami, Giovanni, Gambetta, Grégory A., Delzon, Sylvain, Lamarque, Laurent J., Pouzoulet, Jerome, Badel, Eric, Burlett, Régis, Charrier, Guillaume, Cochard, Hervé, Dayer, Silvina, Jansen, Steven, King, Andrew, Lecomte, Pascal, Lens, Frédéric, Torres-Ruiz, Jose, Delmas, Chloé E.L., Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant - Clermont Auvergne (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Universität Ulm - Ulm University, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Ministere de l'Agriculture, de l'Agroalimentaire et de la Foret (Ministry of Agriculture, Agrifood, and Forestry) 22001150-1506, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, food and beverages
Abstract: Vascular pathogens cause disease in a large spectrum of perennial plants, with leaf scorch being one of the most conspicuous symptoms. Esca in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is a vascular disease with huge negative effects on grape yield and the wine industry. One prominent hypothesis suggests that vascular disease leaf scorch is caused by fungal pathogen-derived elicitors and toxins. Another hypothesis suggests that leaf scorch is caused by hydraulic failure due to air-embolism, the pathogen itself, and/or plant-derived tyloses and gels. In this study we transplanted mature, naturally infected esca symptomatic vines from the field into pots, allowing us to explore xylem integrity in leaves (i.e. leaf mid-veins and petioles) using synchrotron-based in vivo X-ray micro-computed tomography and light microscopy. Our results demonstrated that symptomatic leaves are not associated with air embolism. In contrast, symptomatic leaves presented significantly more non-functional vessels resulting from the presence of non-gaseous embolisms (i.e. tyloses and gels) than control leaves, but there was no significant correlation with disease severity. Using quantitative PCR, we determined that two vascular pathogen species associated with esca necrosis in the trunk were not found in leaves where occlusions were observed. Together these results demonstrate that symptom development is associated with the disruption of vessel integrity and suggest that symptoms are elicited at a distance from the trunk where fungal infections occur. These findings open new perspectives on esca symptom expression where the hydraulic failure and elicitor/toxin hypotheses are not necessarily mutually exclusive.
Published: 2019
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34. CiTIQUE's participative research

Author: Gilles Salvat, Christine Ortmans, Jean-François Cosson, Jean-Marc Armand, Annick Brun-Jacob, Paul Boniface, Julien Marchand, Pascale Frey-Klett, LabEx ARBRE : Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems ([LabEx ARBRE]), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Office National des Forêts (ONF)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Propriété Forestière-CRITT Bois-European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Permanent d'Initiatives pour l'Environnement de Theix, Partenaires INRAE, Traces, Direction Générale de Sante, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), US 1371 Recherches Avancées sur la Biologie de lArbre et les Ecosystèmes Forestiers, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Permanent d'Initiation à l'Environnement Nancy Champenoux (CPIE Nancy Champenoux), Espace des Sciences Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, TRACES, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), and Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Public health, Community participation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MEDLINE, Community-based participatory research, Forestry, Public relations, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, medicine, Sociology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: La recherche participative CiTIQUE
Published: 2019
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35. Forest edges reduce slug (but not snail) activity-density across Western Europe

Author: Sara A. O. Cousins, Jörg Brunet, Monika Wulf, Marc Deconchat, Jaan Liira, Brice Giffard, Taavi Paal, Emilie Gallet-Moron, Pallieter De Smedt, Guillaume Decocq, Kris Verheyen, Martin Diekman, Lander Baeten, Martin Hermy, Oliver Kalda, Dept Environm, Forest & Nat Lab, Ghent University, UR Ecol & Dynam Syst Anthropises EDYSAN, UMR CNRS 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Southern Swedish Forest Res Ctr, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Dept Phys Geog, Biogeog & Geomat, Stockholm University, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Inst Ecol, University of Innsbruck, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, University of Tartu, Inst Circular Econ & Technol, Tallinn University, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Div Forest Nat & Landscape, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Soil Science, edge effects, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Edge effects, terrestrial molluscs, Abundance (ecology), Gastropoda, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Herbivore, forest fragmentation, biology, Ecology, Detritivore, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Habitat, gastropoda, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Fragmentation strongly shapes the distribution of organisms within forest patches through contrasting environmental conditions between the edge and interior habitat. Edge-to-interior distribution patterns are, however, poorly studied for litter- and soil-dwelling fauna, such as terrestrial gastropods, despite their high densities and significant impact on ecosystem processes, as both herbivores and detritivores. Therefore, we investigated edge-to-interior abundance patterns of terrestrial gastropods in 224 fragmented forest patches across Western Europe. Catching over 15,000 gastropods, we found that slug abundance is reduced in forest edges, while snail abundance shows no response on the edge effect. We hypothesize that these patterns could be explained by higher drought tolerance of snails, since forest edges have reduced air and soil humidity and elevated temperatures compared to forest interiors. Reduced slug abundance in forest edges potentially has ecological consequences for herbivory in and outside forest patches and nutrient cycling.
Published: 2019
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36. Its all fun guys: a comparison of bioinformatic pipelines for metabarcoding plant and soil fungal communities

Author: Pauvert, Charlie, Buee, Marc, Laval, Valerie, Edel-Hermann, Veronique, Fauchery, Laure, Gautier, Angelique, Lesur, Isabelle, Vallance, Jessica, Vacher, Corinne, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: VSEARCH, Bioinformatics, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), DADA2, USEARCH, Fungi, Mock community, Environmental DNA, Illumina MiSeq, Metabarcoding, Biodiversity and Ecology, Bio-informatique, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Abstract: Fungal communities associated with plants and soil influence plant fitness and ecosystem functioning. They are classically studied by metabarcoding approaches targeting the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), but there is no consensus concerning the most appropriate bioinformatic pipeline for the analysis of these data. We sequenced an artificial fungal community composed of 189 strains covering a wide range of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, to compare the performance of 288 software and parameter combinations. The most sensitive pipelines, based on the USEARCH and VSEARCH clustering algorithms, detected almost all fungal strains but greatly overestimated the total number of strains. By contrast, pipelines using DADA2 to detect amplicon sequence variants were the most effective for recovering the richness and composition of the fungal community. Our results suggest that analyzing single forward (R1) sequences with DADA2 and no filter other than the removal of low-quality and chimeric sequences is a good option for fungal community characterization.
Published: 2018

37. Epidemiological and evolutionary management of plant resistance: optimizing the deployment of cultivar mixtures in time and space in agricultural landscapes

Author: Ludovic Mailleret, Benoît Moury, Frédéric Fabre, Elsa Rousseau, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agence Nationale de la Recherche ('VirAphid' (ANR-10-STRA-0001)), INRA (project 'TakeControl' of the metaprogramme Smach), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Pathologie Végétale (AVI-PATHO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Fabre, Frédéric
Subjects: agroecosystem, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], prévention des maladies, evolutionary epidemiology, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], durabilité des résistances, landscape epidemiology, [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, Cultivar, épidémiologie végétale, [MATH]Mathematics [math], pathologie végétale, 2. Zero hunger, résistance variétale, education.field_of_study, mélange de variétés, Ecology, mosaic strategy, disease prevention, rotation des cultures, gène de résistance, agroécosystème, qualitative resistance, Agricultural sciences, heterogeneity of selection, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, resistance durability, Agricultural landscapes, modèle spatialisé, Landscape epidemiology, Population, Context (language use), Biology, resistance gene, Genetics, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Resistance (ecology), functional connectivity, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, maladie des plantes, Software deployment, rotation strategy, gestion du paysage, évolution génétique des populations, Sciences agricoles, Landscape connectivity, rotation of crops
Abstract: International audience; The management of genes conferring resistance to plant–pathogens should make it possible to control epidemics (epidemiological perspective) and preserve resistance durability (evolutionary perspective). Resistant and susceptible cultivars must be strategically associated according to the principles of cultivar mixture (within a season) and rotation (between seasons). We explored these questions by modeling the evolutionary and epidemiological processes shaping the dynamics of a pathogen population in a landscape composed of a seasonal cultivated compartment and a reservoir compartment hosting pathogen year-round. Optimal deployment strategies depended mostly on the molecular basis of plant–pathogen interactions and on the agro-ecological context before resistance deployment, particularly epidemic intensity and landscape connectivity. Mixtures were much more efficient in landscapes in which between-field infections and infections originating from the reservoir were more prevalent than within-field infections. Resistance genes requiring two mutations of the pathogen avirulence gene to be broken down, rather than one, were particularly useful when infections from the reservoir predominated. Combining mixture and rotation principles were better than the use of the same mixture each season as (i) they controlled epidemics more effectively in situations in which within-field infections or infections from the reservoir were frequent and (ii) they fulfilled the epidemiological and evolutionary perspectives.
Published: 2015
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38. Performances de systèmes viticoles à faible niveau d’intrants phytopharmaceutiques dans le vignoble bordelais (Projet EcoViti Aquitaine)

Author: Deliere, Laurent, Guimier, Soizic, Petitgenet, Morgane, Goutouly, Jean-Pascal, Vergnes, M., Dupin, S., Davidou, L., Christen, M., Rochas, A., Guilbault, P., Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), UE 1442 Unité Expérimentale Vigne & Vin Bordeaux Grande Ferrade, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chambre d'Agriculture de la Gironde (CA 33), Etablissement Public Local d'Enseignement et de Formation Professionnelle Agricole (EPLEFPA - Quétigny Plombières Les Dijon), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: vignoble, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], bordelais, vineyard, moyen de lutte, cochenille
Abstract: Afin de répondre aux exigences de réduction de l'usage des produits phytosanitaires, ce projet vise à concevoir et à évaluer des systèmes viticoles qui en sont très économes. Ces systèmes, menés en agriculture conventionnelle ou biologique, sont basés essentiellement sur des leviers d'efficience de la lutte chimique pour la gestion des maladies et des ravageurs (règles de décision de traitement), et de substitution pour la maîtrise des adventices (travail du sol, couverts végétaux). Un autre type de système teste aussi le levier de la résistance variétale contre le mildiou et l'oïdium. Une évaluation multicritères de ces systèmes est effectuée pendant 5 ans au vignoble (réduction d’IFT, présence de résidus, maîtrise des bioagresseurs, atteinte des objectifs de rendement, coûts de production, temps de travail). Les résultats montrent que des systèmes basés essentiellement sur l'efficience permettent de réduire significativement l'IFT en maintenant des performances agronomiques et économiques satisfaisantes. Néanmoins, compte tenu d'une certaine prise de risque engendrée par ces systèmes, la diffusion des règles de décisions doit impliquer les viticulteurs. En viticulture biologique, il apparaît difficile de réduire les doses de cuivre et de soufre par rapport aux pratiques actuelles en maintenant des performances agronomiques stables. La mise en œuvre de variétés résistantes au mildiou et à l'oïdium permet de réduire l’IFT de 90 % par rapport aux références régionales.
Published: 2018
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39. Activity rhythm and action range of workers of the invasive hornet predator of honeybees Vespa velutina , measured by radio frequency identification tags

Author: Poidatz, Juliette, Monceau, Karine, Bonnard, Olivier, Thiéry, Denis, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Vespidae, radio frequency identification, central place foraging, Asian yellow‐legged hornet, early detection, invasive species, radio tracking, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Asian yellow-legged hornet, Original Research
Abstract: International audience; In social insects, the activity rhythm of foragers and their action range determinate the activity of the colony. In vespids, which are mostly predators, the foraging range of workers determines their maximum predation pressure round the nest. One of these species, Vespa velutina, a recently invasive species introduced into Europe, exerts a strong predation on honeybees at the hive. Therefore, the definition of its activity rhythm and spatial range of predation is of primary importance. Using radio frequency identification tags (RFID), two experiments were carried out to (a) determine their return ability (called homing) in releasing 318 individuals at different distance from their colony and (b) monitor their foraging activity rhythm and the duration of their flights based on 71 individuals followed 24 hr/24 during 2 months. The homing ability of V. velutina was evaluated to be up to 5,000 m and was not affected by the cardinal orientation of release point. The lag time to return to the nest increased with the distance of release. Most of the flight activity took place between 07:00 a.m. and 08:00 p.m., hornets doing principally short flights of less than an hour. Foraging range was thus estimated ca. 1,000 m around the nest. This study of V. velutina assisted by RFID tags provides for the first time a baseline for its potential foraging distance that increase our knowledge of this species to (a) refine more accurately models for risk assessment and (b) define security perimeter for early detection of predation on invasion front.
Published: 2018
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40. How Apis mellifera Behaves with its Invasive Hornet Predator Vespa velutina?

Author: Olivier Bonnard, Lisa Leprêtre, Mariangela Arca, Gérard Arnold, Denis Thiéry, Karine Monceau, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR INRA 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité de Recherche IRD 072, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Domestic honeybee, biology, Velutina, Foraging, Zoology, Context (language use), 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Predation, 010602 entomology, Yellow-legged hornet, Defence behaviour, Pollinator, Animal ecology, Insect Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Balling behaviour, Predator, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Invasive species are now recognized as a major cause of native biodiversity loss worldwide. In the current deleterious context for pollinators, the invasive yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, represents an additional threat to the domestic honeybee, Apis mellifera, in Europe. Therefore, understanding the impact of this predator on honeybee colonies is of major importance. In the present study, we tried to assess the impact of V. velutina on the honeybee foraging and defence behaviour based on the video monitoring of two hives. Balling behaviour is reported here for the first time under natural conditions in A. mellifera against V. velutina in Europe. Although these results are preliminary and should be carefully considered, we found that the number of hornets impacted honeybee foraging and defence behaviours. More defensive behaviours were notified in the hive, which survives slightly longer. This may suggest that selecting for more defensive colonies may provide an interesting perspective.
Published: 2018
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41. Risques et bénéfices relatifs des alternatives aux produits phytopharmaceutiques comportant des néonicotinoïdes: Tome 1 – Rapport du groupe de travail Identification des alternatives aux usages autorisés des néonicotinoïdes

Author: Herve Jactel, Romain Bonafos, Robert Delorme, Eric Thybaud, Denis Thiery, Philippe Reignault, Marie-Helene Balesdent, Philippe Castagnone, Bruno Chauvel, Nicolas Desneux, Marie Laure Desprez Loustau, Abraham ESCOBAR GUTIERREZ, Laurent Gentzbittel, Thomas Le Bourgeois, Xavier Nesme, Pierre Silvie, Stéphan Steyer, Frederic Suffert, Valérie Verdier, Eric Verdin, François Verheggen, Thierry Wetzel, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chercheur indépendant, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), UMR Résistance des plantes aux bioagresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Bolivie]), Station de Pathologie Végétale (AVI-PATHO), Unité Entomologie fonctionnelle et évolutive, Université de Liège, DLR Rheinpfalz, Institute of Plant Protection, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, insecte pollinisateur, indicateurs de risque, néonicotinoïdes, état de l'art, public health, insecticide, expertise scientifique, environmental impact, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, santé publique, méthodes de lutte alternatives, organismes nuisibles, impact environnemental, organisme nuisible, lutte alternative, pests, évaluation économique
Abstract: Risques et bénéfices relatifs des alternatives aux produits phytopharmaceutiques comportant des néonicotinoïdes. Tome 1 – Rapport du groupe de travail Identification des alternatives aux usages autorisés des néonicotinoïdes
Published: 2018

42. Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTD) : plant defence responses and diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae

Author: Nivault, Aurélia, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Université de Bordeaux, Marie-France Corio-Costet, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), and Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV)
Subjects: maladies de dépérissement, Diversity, Life traits, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Grapevine Trunk Disease, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, vitis vinifera, potentiel de défense, Plant defense, Botryosphaeriaceae, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, traits d’histoire de vie, diversité
Abstract: Vitis vinifera L. is largely cultivated in countries producing wine but an increase in grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have been observed due to the attack of several fungal pathogens including those belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae family (Botryosphaeria dieback). Seven species were isolated in the French vineyards B. dothidea, D. intermedia, D. mutila, D. seriata, Do. viticola, N. parvum and L. viticola. Nowadays, no efficient products are available to control these diseases. Studying, different life traits of 65 strains of different genotypes of the Botryosphaeriaceae’s family, known to have members displaying different aggressiveness, would lead to a better understanding of these wood pathogens. Their in planta aggressiveness, their adaptation towards environmental pressures (temperature, fungicides), and the detection of mycoviruses were carried out. In order to have a better comprehension of the interaction within the plant, the expression analysis of genes involved in the plant defense were assayed upon 3 cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Ugni-Blanc) but also on two species (N. parvum and D. seriata). L. viticola, and N. parvum, were shown to be more aggressive than D. seriata and. L. viticola is more adapted to higher temperature (33°C). Moreover, the strains tested with 9 different fungicides (mitochondrial respiratory, sterol biosynthesis, cytoskeleton or multisite inhibitors, etc.) showed lower sensitivity within some species, (with a resistance factor reaching a 1000). In addition, at least 6 mycoviruses were characterized. Amongst them, two mycoviruses were isolated from a N. luteum strain and were fully sequenced (Neofusicoccum luteum mitovirus 1 and Neofusicoccum luteum fusavirus 1). The three cultivars infected with either N. parvum or D. seriata showed different gene responses between themselves but also between the different strains inoculated. These different studies are giving us more information upon these Botryospheriaceae fungi, to find out new efficient or complementary methods in order to control GTDs.; Vitis vinifera L. représente l’une des cultures les plus répandues dans les pays producteurs de vin, laquelle est soumise à de nombreuses contraintes environnementales pouvant favoriser l’émergence des maladies de dépérissement du bois (MDB). La famille des Botryosphaeriaceae est responsable du Botryosphaeria dieback, provoquant des chancres et des nécroses qui conduisent à une dépréciation de la qualité du vin, voire à la mort des ceps. Les méthodes de lutte sont peu efficaces. Sept espèces sont retrouvées dans le vignoble français dont B. dothidea, D. intermedia, D. mutila, D. seriata, Do. viticola, N. parvum et L. viticola. Nous avons étudié différents traits d’histoire de vie de ces agents pathogènes : (i) leur agressivité in planta, (ii) leur adaptation à des contraintes environnementales (e.g. température, fongicides), (iii) la présence de mycovirus, pour acquérir des connaissances sur leur pouvoir adaptatif face aux contraintes environnementales et expliquer la variabilité de leur agressivité. En complément, l’évaluation de la sensibilité de cultivars de Vitis face à une infection par N. parvum et D. seriata a été réalisée, et le potentiel de défenses de différents cépages (Ugni Blanc, Cabernet-Sauvignon et Merlot) a été étudié. L’ensemble des travaux menés ont permis de révéler des espèces très agressives telles que N. parvum et L. viticola par rapport à D. seriata, lors d’inoculations en serre sur des boutures. Les températures optimales de croissance déterminées montrent que certaines espèces (ex. Lasidiplodia spp.) sont mieux adaptées à des températures élevées (33°C). Par ailleurs, la sensibilité de 65 souches et génotypes a été testée pour 9 fongicides avec des modes d’action différents (inhibiteurs de la respiration mitochondriale, de la biosynthèse des stérols, du cytosquelette, multi-sites, etc.). De nombreuses espèces sont peu ou pas sensibles à certains de ces fongicides et des souches résistantes ont été trouvées avec un facteur de résistance pouvant atteindre plus de 1000. D’autre part, la détection de mycovirus au sein des 65 isolats a permis d’identifier la présence de 6 mycovirus, dont Neofusicoccum luteum mitovirus 1 et Neofusicoccum luteum fusavirus 1. L’évaluation du potentiel de défense des trois cultivars Vitis face à une infection par N. parvum et D. seriata a montré des réponses différentes entre cépages et en fonction de l’agent pathogène. In fine, des analyses croisant les différents traits d’histoire de vie et les interactions plante-pathogènes ont été faites, et l’ensemble des résultats nous a fourni de nouvelles pistes d’étude pour lutter contre ces agents pathogènes.
Published: 2017

43. Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTD) : plant defence responses and diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae

Author: Nivault, Aurelia, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université de Bordeaux, Marie-France Corio-Costet, Corio-Costet, Marie-France, German-Retana, Sylvie, Larignon, Philippe, Hernould, Michel, Fontaine, Florence, Lebrun, Marc-Henri, Reignault, Philippe, and Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV)
Subjects: Diversity, Diversité, Life traits, Plant defense, Botryosphaeriaceae, Vitis vinifera, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Potentiel de défense, Maladies de dépérissement, Grapevine Trunk Disease, Traits d’histoire de vie, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract: Vitis vinifera L. is largely cultivated in countries producing wine but an increase in grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have been observed due to the attack of several fungal pathogens including those belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae family (Botryosphaeria dieback). Seven species were isolated in the French vineyards B. dothidea, D. intermedia, D. mutila, D. seriata, Do. viticola, N. parvum and L. viticola. Nowadays, no efficient products are available to control these diseases. Studying, different life traits of 65 strains of different genotypes of the Botryosphaeriaceae’s family, known to have members displaying different aggressiveness, would lead to a better understanding of these wood pathogens. Their in planta aggressiveness, their adaptation towards environmental pressures (temperature, fungicides), and the detection of mycoviruses were carried out. In order to have a better comprehension of the interaction within the plant, the expression analysis of genes involved in the plant defense were assayed upon 3 cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Ugni-Blanc) but also on two species (N. parvum and D. seriata). L. viticola, and N. parvum, were shown to be more aggressive than D. seriata and. L. viticola is more adapted to higher temperature (33°C). Moreover, the strains tested with 9 different fungicides (mitochondrial respiratory, sterol biosynthesis, cytoskeleton or multisite inhibitors, etc.) showed lower sensitivity within some species, (with a resistance factor reaching a 1000). In addition, at least 6 mycoviruses were characterized. Amongst them, two mycoviruses were isolated from a N. luteum strain and were fully sequenced (Neofusicoccum luteum mitovirus 1 and Neofusicoccum luteum fusavirus 1). The three cultivars infected with either N. parvum or D. seriata showed different gene responses between themselves but also between the different strains inoculated. These different studies are giving us more information upon these Botryospheriaceae fungi, to find out new efficient or complementary methods in order to control GTDs; Vitis vinifera L. représente l’une des cultures les plus répandues dans les pays producteurs de vin, laquelle est soumise à de nombreuses contraintes environnementales pouvant favoriser l’émergence des maladies de dépérissement du bois (MDB). La famille des Botryosphaeriaceae est responsable du Botryosphaeria dieback, provoquant des chancres et des nécroses qui conduisent à une dépréciation de la qualité du vin, voire à la mort des ceps. Les méthodes de lutte sont peu efficaces. Sept espèces sont retrouvées dans le vignoble français dont B. dothidea, D. intermedia, D. mutila, D. seriata, Do. viticola, N. parvum et L. viticola. Nous avons étudié différents traits d’histoire de vie de ces agents pathogènes : (i) leur agressivité in planta, (ii) leur adaptation à des contraintes environnementales (e.g. température, fongicides), (iii) la présence de mycovirus, pour acquérir des connaissances sur leur pouvoir adaptatif face aux contraintes environnementales et expliquer la variabilité de leur agressivité. En complément, l’évaluation de la sensibilité de cultivars de Vitis face à une infection par N. parvum et D. seriata a été réalisée, et le potentiel de défenses de différents cépages (Ugni Blanc, Cabernet-Sauvignon et Merlot) a été étudié. L’ensemble des travaux menés ont permis de révéler des espèces très agressives telles que N. parvum et L. viticola par rapport à D. seriata, lors d’inoculations en serre sur des boutures. Les températures optimales de croissance déterminées montrent que certaines espèces (ex. Lasidiplodia spp.) sont mieux adaptées à des températures élevées (33°C). Par ailleurs, la sensibilité de 65 souches et génotypes a été testée pour 9 fongicides avec des modes d’action différents (inhibiteurs de la respiration mitochondriale, de la biosynthèse des stérols, du cytosquelette, multi-sites, etc.). De nombreuses espèces sont peu ou pas sensibles à certains de ces fongicides et des souches résistantes ont été trouvées avec un facteur de résistance pouvant atteindre plus de 1000. D’autre part, la détection de mycovirus au sein des 65 isolats a permis d’identifier la présence de 6 mycovirus, dont Neofusicoccum luteum mitovirus 1 et Neofusicoccum luteum fusavirus 1. L’évaluation du potentiel de défense des trois cultivars Vitis face à une infection par N. parvum et D. seriata a montré des réponses différentes entre cépages et en fonction de l’agent pathogène. In fine, des analyses croisant les différents traits d’histoire de vie et les interactions plante-pathogènes ont été faites, et l’ensemble des résultats nous a fourni de nouvelles pistes d’étude pour lutter contre ces agents pathogènes.
Published: 2017

44. Estimating virus effective population size and selection without neutral markers

Author: Rousseau, Elsa, Moury, Benoît, Mailleret, Ludovic, Senoussi, Rachid, Palloix, Alain, Simon, Vincent, Valière, Sophie, Grognard, Frédéric, Fabre, Frédéric, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique (GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Animalerie Rongeurs (UAR), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), SMaCH (Sustainable Management of Crop Health) metaprogramme of INRA, grant over-seen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the 'Blanc2013' program (ANR-13-BSV7- 0011, FunFit project), Station de Pathologie Végétale (AVI-PATHO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BIOSP), Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des fruits et légumes (GALF), GeT PlaGe, Genotoul, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Evolutionary Genetics, Genetic Markers, Leaves, Evolutionary Processes, Heredity, Genotype, Population Size, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Potyvirus, Variant Genotypes, Plant Science, Microbiology, Viral Evolution, Evolution, Molecular, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Population Metrics, Effective Population Size, Virology, [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, Genetics, Selection, Genetic, [MATH]Mathematics [math], lcsh:QH301-705.5, Plant Diseases, Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology, Models, Genetic, Plant Anatomy, Genetic Drift, Biology and Life Sciences, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, food and beverages, Organismal Evolution, Genetic Mapping, lcsh:Biology (General), Microbial Evolution, lcsh:RC581-607, Capsicum, Population Genetics, Research Article
Abstract: By combining high-throughput sequencing (HTS) with experimental evolution, we can observe the within-host dynamics of pathogen variants of biomedical or ecological interest. We studied the evolutionary dynamics of five variants of Potato virus Y (PVY) in 15 doubled-haploid lines of pepper. All plants were inoculated with the same mixture of virus variants and variant frequencies were determined by HTS in eight plants of each pepper line at each of six sampling dates. We developed a method for estimating the intensities of selection and genetic drift in a multi-allelic Wright-Fisher model, applicable whether these forces are strong or weak, and in the absence of neutral markers. This method requires variant frequency determination at several time points, in independent hosts. The parameters are the selection coefficients for each PVY variant and four effective population sizes Ne at different time-points of the experiment. Numerical simulations of asexual haploid Wright-Fisher populations subjected to contrasting genetic drift (Ne ∈ [10, 2000]) and selection (|s| ∈ [0, 0.15]) regimes were used to validate the method proposed. The experiment in closely related pepper host genotypes revealed that viruses experienced a considerable diversity of selection and genetic drift regimes. The resulting variant dynamics were accurately described by Wright-Fisher models. The fitness ranks of the variants were almost identical between host genotypes. By contrast, the dynamics of Ne were highly variable, although a bottleneck was often identified during the systemic movement of the virus. We demonstrated that, for a fixed initial PVY population, virus effective population size is a heritable trait in plants. These findings pave the way for the breeding of plant varieties exposing viruses to stronger genetic drift, thereby slowing virus adaptation., Author summary A growing number of experimental evolution studies are using an “evolve-and-resequence” approach to observe the within-host dynamics of pathogen variants of biomedical or ecological interest. The resulting data are particularly appropriate for studying the effects of evolutionary forces, such as selection and genetic drift, on the emergence of new pathogen variants. However, it remains challenging to unravel the effects of selection and genetic drift in the absence of neutral markers, a situation frequently encountered for microbes, such as viruses, due to their small constrained genomes. Using such an approach on a plant virus, we observed that the same set of virus variants displayed highly diverse dynamics in closely related plant genotypes. We developed and validated a method that does not require neutral markers, for estimating selection coefficients and effective population sizes from these experimental evolution data. We found that the viruses experienced considerable diversity in genetic drift regimes, depending on host genotype. Importantly, genetic drift experienced by virus populations was shown to be a heritable plant trait. These findings pave the way for the breeding of plant varieties exposing viruses to strong genetic drift, thereby slowing virus adaptation.
Published: 2017
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45. Vespa velutina nest distribution at a local scale: An 8-year survey of the invasive honeybee predator

Author: Monceau, Karine, Thiery, Denis, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV)
Subjects: intraspecific competition, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, nesting habits, spring queen trapping, yellow-legged hornet
Abstract: International audience; Vespa velutina is an invasive species that was observed for the first time in France and Europe in 2004, which rapidly threatened domestic honeybees with active predation. For the first time in this study, we analyzed the distribution of V. velutina nests at a local scale to understand the pattern of nesting, and in 8 years of monitoring, a total of 528 nests were surveyed. With the exception of 2 years, the nests of V. velutina were randomly distributed within the monitored area, which suggested that intraspecific competition for nesting sites and/or food was unlikely. When the data for all years were combined, an aggregated distribution of nests at the seafront in the vicinity of the oyster farm and sportfishing activities was observed. This distribution suggested that seafood, attractive to vespids, might provide a valuable alternative food source that favored colony development. We also tested the effect of spring queen trapping of V. velutina on the distribution of nests in 2014, which was the year with the greatest number of colonies within the area; the position of the traps did not influence the distribution of the nests. For the first time, this study showed that (i) intraspecific competition was unlikely to be a mechanism for population regulation, (ii) some areas were more likely favored for hornet nests, and (iii) spring queen wasp trapping was inefficient as a method to limit the distribution of the V. velutina population.
Published: 2017
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46. The Number of Target Molecules of the Amplification Step Limits Accuracy and Sensitivity in Ultradeep-Sequencing Viral Population Studies

Author: Stéphane Blanc, Frédéric Fabre, Yannis Michalakis, Romain Gallet, Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Evolution Théorique et Expérimentale (MIVEGEC-ETE), Perturbations, Evolution, Virulence (PEV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), French National Research Funding Agency (ANR) : ANR-14-CE02-0014-01, CNRS, IRD, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Virologie, number of target molecules, Immunology, Population, Computational biology, Microbiology, Genome, DNA sequencing, faba bean, 03 medical and health sciences, FBNSV, Medicago truncatula, next-generation sequencing, rolling-circle amplification, sequencing accuracy, sequencing sensitivity, Virology, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, education, pathologie végétale, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Vegetal Biology, biology, Microbiology and Parasitology, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, Multipartite, 030104 developmental biology, Population bottleneck, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Genetic Diversity and Evolution, Rolling circle replication, Insect Science, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Biologie végétale
Abstract: The invention of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques marked the coming of a new era in the detection of the genetic diversity of intrahost viral populations. A good understanding of the genetic structure of these populations requires, first, the ability to identify the different isolates or variants and, second, the ability to accurately quantify them. However, the initial amplification step of NGS studies can impose potential quantitative biases, modifying the variant relative frequencies. In particular, the number of target molecules (NTM) used during the amplification step is vastly overlooked although of primary importance, as it sets the limit of the accuracy and sensitivity of the sequencing procedure. In the present article, we investigated quantitative biases in an NGS study of populations of a multipartite single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus at different steps of the procedure. We studied 20 independent populations of the ssDNA virus faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) in two host plants, Vicia faba and Medicago truncatula . FBNSV is a multipartite virus composed of eight genomic segments, whose specific and host-dependent relative frequencies are defined as the “genome formula.” Our results show a significant distortion of the FBNSV genome formula after the amplification and sequencing steps. We also quantified the genetic bottleneck occurring at the amplification step by documenting the NTM of two genomic segments of FBNSV. We argue that the NTM must be documented and carefully considered when determining the sensitivity and accuracy of data from NGS studies. IMPORTANCE The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques now enables study of the genetic diversity of viral populations. A good understanding of the genetic structure of these populations first requires the ability to identify the different isolates or variants and second requires the ability to accurately quantify them. Prior to sequencing, viral genomes need to be amplified, a step that potentially imposes quantitative biases and modifies the viral population structure. In particular, the number of target molecules (NTM) used during the amplification step is of primary importance, as it sets the limit of the accuracy and sensitivity of the sequencing procedure. In this work, we used 20 replicated populations of the multipartite faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) to estimate the various limitations of ultradeep-sequencing studies performed on intrahost viral populations. We report quantitative biases during rolling-circle amplification and the NTM of two genomic segments of FBNSV.
Published: 2017
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47. Scaphoideus titanus performs a dual-meaning, sharpshooter-style EPG X wave in xylem and phloem: Could S. titanus be a potential vector of Xylella fastidiosa in European vineyards?

Author: Chuche, Julien, Sauvion, Nicolas, Backus, Elaine, Thiery, Denis, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, scaphoideus titanus, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, xylème, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, phloème, xylem, viticulture, europe, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, phloem
Abstract: BGPI : équipe 6; In phytophagous hemipterans, salivary sheath-feeding species are described as xylem or phloemsap-ingesting specialists. Because these two food sources have very different characteristics, two different feeding tactics are associated with this supposed specialization. Study of feeding behavior is crucial to elucidate transmission abilities of vectors of plant pathogens. In a recently published DC-EPG study, results showed that the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus (subfamily Deltocephalinae) ingests significantly from both phloem and xylem. S. titanus is an invasive species originally from North America that is now common in French vineyards. Until now, this insect hasbeen considered a phloem-feeder; however, this attribute was solely based on its role as a vector of the Flavescence doree phytoplasma. More importantly from a vector standpoint, S. titanus recordings revealed the first dual-meaning X wave, containing two different-appearing ingestion waveforms that were correlated with phloem and xylem ingestion, respectively. In addition, the S.titanus X wave strongly resembled that of sharpshooter leafhoppers (subfamily Cicadellinae),vectors of Xylella fastidiosa ssp. fastidiosa, the xylem-inhabiting bacterium that causes lethal Pierce’s disease of grape. Recent research has shown that the sharpshooter X wave represents the essential feeding behaviors responsible for inoculation of X. fastidiosa into grape xylem cells. Although many hemipterans ingest from xylem, probably only those few species that perform asharp shooter-style X wave can be X. fastidiosa vectors. Therefore, is it possible that S. titanus could also become a vector of Xylella fastidiosa? Until now, no deltocephaline leafhopper has been formally proven to be a vector of X. fastidiosa. Also, North American X. fastidiosa ssp.fastidiosa has not yet been introduced to Europe. However, if this subspecies were introduced into European vineyards, could S. titanus (already present in the vineyards) be a potential vector?
Published: 2017

48. Un réseau au cœur des préoccupations actuelles

Author: Debandt, Marie, Deliere, Laurent, Treton, Alain, DEPHY Ecophyto, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Chambre d'agriculture de la Loire Atlantique (CDA), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], produit phytosanitaire, pest and control product, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viticulture
Abstract: Grâce à la multiplicité de ses acteurs, à ses ancrages territoriaux et la motivation des viticulteurs, le réseauDEPHY accompagne la viticulture vers une réduction de l'usage des produits phytosanitaires.
Published: 2017

49. Cépages résistants : Comment les intégrer dans les systèmes de culture ?

Author: Le Cunff, Loïc, Cuisset, Guy, Vincent, Aurélie, Ley, Lionel, Delmotte, François, Dufour, Marie Catherine, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), DEPHY Ecophyto, Chambre d'Agriculture de la Gironde (CA 33), Service d'expérimentation agronomique et viticole (COLM AGRO VITI UE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], produit phytosanitaire, pest and control product, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viticulture, variété résistant à la maladie
Abstract: L'utilisation de variétés résistantes aux maladies permet une diminution importante des intrants mais a desimplications sur les pratiques viticoles et les performances agronomiques. Pour adopter ces variétés, leviticulteur doit construire, imaginer un système de culture avec du matériel végétal encore mal connu et uneoffre amenée à se diversifier rapidement grâce aux progrès constants de la génétique.
Published: 2017

50. Vespa velutina: a new invasive predator of honeybees in Europe

Author: Karine Monceau, Denis Thiéry, Olivier Bonnard, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Research project on V. velutina currently funded by Région Aquitaine and INRA., Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0106 biological sciences, Invasive species, biology, Vespidae, Ecology, Velutina, Foraging, Introduced species, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pest management, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pollinator decline, Life history theory, Yellow-legged hornet, 010602 entomology, Nest, Biological dispersal, Apis mellifera, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: 16 pages; International audience; The yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina) is the first invasive Vespidae predator of honeybees to be accidentally introduced into Europe from Asia. In the current pollinator decline, V. velutina is an additional stressor for honeybees and other pollinators. Although V. velutina contributes to the loss of honeybee colonies, little is known about its biology and behaviour both in the native and in the invaded area. Here, we review the current knowledge of this species and describe its life cycle and life history traits (reproduction, overwintering, foraging and dispersal) in the light of the biology of other Vespidae. We also review the impact of this species on ecosystems, on the economics of beekeeping, and on human health (this species being potentially deadly for allergic people). Based on this information and on previous worldwide experiences with Vespidae invasions, we propose key research topics for the development of effective management plans. We identify methods to limit the impact and proliferation of V. velutina in Europe that are based on nest destruction, trapping, population genetics, and biological control. In our opinion, research effort on the means to detect and destroy V. velutina nests at an early stage is required in order to short-circuit the colony cycle and thus limit both its impact on honeybees and its expansion through Europe. Finally, we discuss the impact of this biological invasion on the development of methods that should be used to manage alien species in the future.
Published: 2013
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