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Unionicola (Hexatax) laurentiana Crowell & Davids, 1979 (See synonyms given in Vidrine 1996)) Report associated with sponges: This species was reported among sponge Spongilla lacustris from North America (Crowell & Davids 1979). This species was also reported associated with sponges Dosilia radiospiculata, Trochospongilla horrida, T. Pennsylvanica, and T. leidii from Louisina, Louisiana, North America (Vidrine et al.1986; Vidrine 1996). Remarks: This was reported from encysted stages in the mussel (in suprabranchial chamber) Anodonta (= Pyganodon) grandis (Say, 1829) from Louisiana, North America (Vidrine et al. 1986). Molluscan hosts with mites in the mantle cavity: Amblem aplicata Say, 1871, Disconaias fimbriata (Frierson, 1907), Elliptio crassidens (Lamarck, 1819), Fusconaia askewi (Marsh, 1896), Lampsilis hydiana (Lea, 1838), Lampsilis teres (Rafinesque, 1820), Potamilus fragilis, (Rafinesque, 1820), Sagittunio subrostrata (Say, 1831), Nephronaias sp., Popenaias berezai Inoue et al. 2020, Popenaias popei (Lea, 1857), Pyganodon fragilis (Lamarck, 1819), P. grandis, Quadrula quadrula (Rafinesque, 1820), Cyclonaia spustulosa (Lea, 1831), Sphaerium simile (Say, 1817), Toxolasma parvus (Barnes, 1823), Tritogonia verrucosa (Rafinesque, 1820), Uniomerus tetralasmus (Say, 1831), and Leauniolienosus calliginosus (Lea, 1845) from Canada, Mexico, and USA, North America (Vidrine 1996; Edwards & Vidrine 2013).The mussel names have been updated to match current taxonomic treatments (see Vidrine 2019, Vidrine & Edwards 2021). Crowell & Davids (1979) also commented: ���The records of Wolcott (1899) and materials in the Ruth Marshall Collection appear to be a mixture of U. laurentiana and U. nearctica���. Also, the U. crassipes used in their molecular study was actually U. laurentiana (Edwards et al. 2010)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Crowell, R. M. & Davids, C. (1979) Systematics of Unionicola laurentiana, n. sp., and U. nearctica, n. sp., sponge-associated Hydracarina (Parasitengona: Unionicolidae) from North America. The Ohio Journal of Science, 79 (4), 178 - 186.","Vidrine, M. F. (1996) North American Najadicola and Unionicola: diagnoses and distributions. Gail Q. Vidrine Collectibles, Eunice, Louisiana, 356 pp.","Vidrine, M. F., Bouchon, R. J. & Poirrier, M. A. (1986) New North American records of water mites (Acari: Unionicolidae: Unionicola: Unionicola and Pentatax). International Journal of Acarology, 12 (4), 229 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647958608683469","Edwards, D. D. & Vidrine, M. F. (2013) Mites of freshwater mollusks. M. F. Vidrine, Eunice, Louisiana, 336 pp.","Vidrine, M. F. (2019) Louisiana Freshwater Mussels. M. F. Vidrine, Eunice, Louisiana, 261 pp.","Vidrine, M. F. & Edwards, D. D. (2021) Amblemine gill mites. M. F. Vidrine, Eunice, Louisiana, 290 pp.","Wolcott, R. H. (1899) On the North American species of the genus Atax (Fabr.) Bruz. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 20, 193 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3221258","Edwards, D. D., Ernsting, B. R. & Vidrine, M. F. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships among Unionicola (Acari: Unionicolidae) mussel-mites of North America based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences. Zootaxa, 2357 (1), 47 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2537.1.4"]}

Unionicola (Hexatax) minor (Soar, 1900) Report associated with sponges: This species was reported among Spongillidae (Hevers 1980); nymph materials were obtained association with sponges (Hevers 1979). A description of the annual cycles of U. crassipes and U. minor was given by collecting samples in the field and by breeding different stages from sponge materials of Netherlands (Davids et al. 1979). Remarks: Unionicola minor was described by Soar (1900) as a subspecies of U. crassipes (M �� ller). Hevers (1975, 1977, 1978) thoroughly reviewed its systematic position and established U. minor as a species distinct from U. crassipes. Molecular analysis of these water mites was done and confirmed U. minor as valid species (Stalstedt et al. 2013)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on pages 115-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Soar, C. D. (1900) British freshwater mites. Science-Gossip, London, New Series, 6 (72), 363 - 365.","Hevers, J. (1980) Morphologie und Systematik der Larven der Unionicola - Arten (Hydrachnellae, Acari) Deutschlands. Acarologia, 21 (2), 249 - 266.","Hevers, J. (1979) Morphologie und Systematik der Nymphen der Unionicola-Arten (Hydrachnellae, Acari) Deutschlands. Osnabrucker Naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 6, 73 - 92.","Hevers, J. (1975) Zur Systematik und Biologie der einheimeschen Unionicola-Arten (Hydrachnellae: Acari). Doctoral Dissertation, University of Kiel, Kiel, 354 pp.","Hevers, J. (1977) Revision der in Deutschland Vorkommenden Arten der Untergattung Unionicola s. str. (Hydrachnellae, Acari). Acarologia, 18 (4), 691 - 703.","Stalstedt, J., Bergsten, J. & Ronquist, F. (2013) \" Forms \" of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia): intraspecific variation or valid species? Ecology and Evolution, 3 (10), 3415 - 3435. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.704"]}

Unionicola (Hexatax) miyazakii Imamura, 1953 Report associated with sponges: This species was mentioned by Crowell (1990) as developmentally associated with freshwater sponges in the Northern Hemisphere. Remarks: This species was reported from Ibi River, Ishizu, Kaizu, Gifu Japan (Imamura 1953) and Kordestan, Kermanshah Province, Iran (Hevers 1984). Viets & Plate (1954) reported it from a mussel, Anodonta (= Beringiana) beringiana Middendorff. It needs further study (emphasizing on developmental study) of this mite to get a better idea about it association with freshwater sponges., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Crowell, R. M. (1990) Unionicola billieaehonore, new species, a sponge-associated Hydracarina (Acari: Unionicolidae) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 17 (2), 265 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1990.10422601","Hevers, J. (1984) Die Unionicola crassipes-Gruppe in Japan und in Iran. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 31 (4 - 5), 265 - 280.","Viets, K. H. & Plate, H. (1954) Die Oekologischen (Parasitologischen) Beziehungen zwischen Wassermilben (Hydrachnellae, Acari) und Susswasser-Mollusken. Zeitschrift fur angewandte Entomologie, 35, 459 - 494. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0418.1954. tb 00736. x"]}

Unionicola (Wilsonatax) poirrieri Vidrine, 1984 Report associated with sponges: This species was reported associated with sponges Trochospongilla leidii (cited as Trochospongilla leidyi) from Louisiana, USA (Vidrine 1984, 1996; Edwards & Vidrine 2013). Remarks: Holotype (male) was reared from encysted tritonymphs in the tissues of the sponge, Trochospongilla leidii from Bayou Peyronnet, Louisiana, USA (Vidrine 1996). This was also reported from Long Pine Creek, Loch Lomond, Cypress Hills Provincial Park, Saskatchewan in Canada (Vidrine 1984); no sponge host was recorded for the Canadian specimens (Vidrine 1996)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 117, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Vidrine, M. F. (1984) A new species of mite of the genus Unionicola (Acari: Unionicolidae) from the sponge Trochospongilla leidyi (Bowerbank) in Louisiana. Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences, 47, 23 - 26.","Vidrine, M. F. (1996) North American Najadicola and Unionicola: diagnoses and distributions. Gail Q. Vidrine Collectibles, Eunice, Louisiana, 356 pp.","Edwards, D. D. & Vidrine, M. F. (2013) Mites of freshwater mollusks. M. F. Vidrine, Eunice, Louisiana, 336 pp."]}

Unionicola (Hexatax) niigata Imamura, 1954 Report associated with sponges: This species was mentioned under ���sponge-mite��� from Japan by Crowell (1990) referring Havers (1984). Edwards & Vidrine (2013) also mentioned the species under ���sponge-mite���. Remarks: This species belongs to the ��� U. crassipes ���complex��� and earlier authors (mentioned above) kept it under possible ���sponge-mite��� species. It needs further study (emphasizing developmental study) to get a better idea about its association with freshwater sponges., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Crowell, R. M. (1990) Unionicola billieaehonore, new species, a sponge-associated Hydracarina (Acari: Unionicolidae) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 17 (2), 265 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1990.10422601","Edwards, D. D. & Vidrine, M. F. (2013) Mites of freshwater mollusks. M. F. Vidrine, Eunice, Louisiana, 336 pp."]}

Unionicola (Lundbladatax) furculopsis Cook, 1980 Report associated with sponges: This was mentioned as possible ���sponge-mite��� species in North America (Vidrine 1996)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Cook, D. R. (1980) Studies on Neotropical Water Mites. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor, 31, 1 - 645.","Vidrine, M. F. (1996) North American Najadicola and Unionicola: diagnoses and distributions. Gail Q. Vidrine Collectibles, Eunice, Louisiana, 356 pp."]}

Unionicola (Crowellatax) billieaehonore Crowell, 1990 Report associated with sponges: This species has been found in association with the freshwater sponge Heterorotula kakahuensis (cited as Ephydatia kakahuensis) in Lake Rotoiti (North Island) and Lake Taupo in New Zealand (Crowell 1990)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Crowell, R. M. (1990) Unionicola billieaehonore, new species, a sponge-associated Hydracarina (Acari: Unionicolidae) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 17 (2), 265 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1990.10422601"]}

Unionicola (Hexatax) longiseta Walter, 1915 Report associated with sponges: This species was reported in association with sponges growing on the shells of living and dead mussels (Hyridella menziesz) taken in Lake Waikare in New Zealand (Schr��der 1935). Remarks: Crowell (1990) reported that extensive field collections were made on both the North and South Islands of New Zealand, but repeated attempts to collect sponges in Lake Waikare (Schr��der's reported locality) were unproductive., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Schroder, K. (1935) Spongillidenstudien VII Susswasserschwamme von Neuseeland, Borneo und Madagaskar. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 109 (5 - 6), 97 - 106.","Crowell, R. M. (1990) Unionicola billieaehonore, new species, a sponge-associated Hydracarina (Acari: Unionicolidae) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 17 (2), 265 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1990.10422601"]}

Unionicola (Hexatax) gilani Hevers, 1984 Report associated with sponges: This species was mentioned by Crowell (1990) as developmentally associated with freshwater sponges in the Northern Hemisphere. Remarks: This species belongs to the ��� U. crassipes ���complex��� of sponge-mite. This species was reported in Gilan Province, Iran (Hevers 1984). It needs further study (emphasizing on developmental study) of this mite to get a better idea about association with freshwater sponges., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Hevers, J. (1984) Die Unionicola crassipes-Gruppe in Japan und in Iran. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 31 (4 - 5), 265 - 280.","Crowell, R. M. (1990) Unionicola billieaehonore, new species, a sponge-associated Hydracarina (Acari: Unionicolidae) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 17 (2), 265 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1990.10422601"]}

Unionicola (Hexatax) crassipes (M��ller, 1776) Report associated with sponges: This species was reported among sponges of the family Spongillidae: Radiospongilla cerebellata (= Spongilla biseriata), Spongilla lacustris, S. fragilis, Ephydatia fluviatilis, E. m��lleri, Trochospongilla horrida from Europe (Arndt & Viets 1938, Conroy 1979; Hevers 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980). Remarks: B��ttger (1972) identified larvae of U. crassipes from Germany and summarised the life cycle. A description of the annual cycles of U. crassipes and U. minor was given by Davids et al. (1979) collecting samples in the field and by breeding different stages from sponge materials of Netherlands. Unionicola crassipes reported from various places requires study with molecular sequencing to know the exact nature of the species. Some records may be due to a mixture of misidentification and species lumping. Many members of the ��� U. crassipes- complex��� are treated here under U. crassipes. However, molecular analyses are becoming more frequent and should reveal the nature of the species in the complex. For example, molecular analysis of these water mites based on materials from Sweden was done by Stalstedt et al. (2013), where they found U. minor as a valid species and distinct from U. crassipes. Also, U. crassipes used in their molecular study was actually U. laurentiana (Edwards et al. 2010)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Arndt, W. & Viets, K. (1938) Die biologischen (parasitologischen) Beziehingen zwischen Arachnoideen und Spongien. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, Berlin, 10 (1), 67 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02122224","Conroy, J. C. (1979) The taxonomy and ecology of Unionicola crassipes crassipes (Muller), a water mite parasitic on the freshwater sponge, Spongilla lacustris (Linne), in Marion Lake, British Columbia. Proceeding of the 4 th International Congress of Acarology, 1974, 135 - 142.","Hevers, J. (1975) Zur Systematik und Biologie der einheimeschen Unionicola-Arten (Hydrachnellae: Acari). Doctoral Dissertation, University of Kiel, Kiel, 354 pp.","Hevers, J. (1977) Revision der in Deutschland Vorkommenden Arten der Untergattung Unionicola s. str. (Hydrachnellae, Acari). Acarologia, 18 (4), 691 - 703.","Bottger, K. (1972) Vergleichend biologisch-okologische Studien zum Entwicklungszyklus der Suβwassermilben (Hydrachnellae, Acari). II. Der Entwicklungszyklus von Limnesia maculata und Unionicola crassipes. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 57 (2), 263 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19720570206","Stalstedt, J., Bergsten, J. & Ronquist, F. (2013) \" Forms \" of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia): intraspecific variation or valid species? Ecology and Evolution, 3 (10), 3415 - 3435. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.704","Edwards, D. D., Ernsting, B. R. & Vidrine, M. F. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships among Unionicola (Acari: Unionicolidae) mussel-mites of North America based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences. Zootaxa, 2357 (1), 47 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2537.1.4"]}

Unionicola (Hexatax) tenuis (Lundblad, 1935) Report associated with sponges: This species was mentioned under possible ���sponge-mite��� species in North America (Vidrine 1996; Edwards & Vidrine 2013). Remarks: This needs further study (emphasizing on developmental study) of this mite to get a better idea about its association with freshwater sponges. This species was reported from Haiti (Lundblad 1935), Oaxaca State, Mexico (Cook 1980), Guatemala (Viets 1975), and the Panama Canal Zone (Gliwicz & Biesiadka 1975). Viets (1975) suggests that Stoll's (1877) species may have been U. gracilipalpis tenuis. Unionicola (Unionicola) gracilipalpis tenuis (Lundblad, 1935) reported by Vidrine et al. (1986) associated with sponges Dosilia radiospiculata from Louisiana, North America was kept under synonym of Unionicola (Unionicola) gracilipalpis in Vidrine (1996). Unionicola tenuis was reported in the mussel communities (Aufwuchs communities containing sponges) from Cajun Prairie ecosystem in Southwestern Louisiana, USA (Vidrine et al. 2004). Apparently, U. gracilipalpis and U. tenuis in Louisiana are not clearly separable (Vidrine, Personal communication)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Vidrine, M. F. (1996) North American Najadicola and Unionicola: diagnoses and distributions. Gail Q. Vidrine Collectibles, Eunice, Louisiana, 356 pp.","Edwards, D. D. & Vidrine, M. F. (2013) Mites of freshwater mollusks. M. F. Vidrine, Eunice, Louisiana, 336 pp.","Cook, D. R. (1980) Studies on Neotropical Water Mites. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor, 31, 1 - 645.","Viets, K. O. (1975) Wassermilben (Hydrachnellae, Acari) aus stillgewassen in Guatemala. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 10, 57 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650527509360482","Gliwicz, Z. & Biesiadka, E. (1975) Pelagic water mites (Hydracarina) and their effect on the plankton community in a neotropical man-made lake. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 76 (1), 65 - 88.","Vidrine, M. F., Bouchon, R. J. & Poirrier, M. A. (1986) New North American records of water mites (Acari: Unionicolidae: Unionicola: Unionicola and Pentatax). International Journal of Acarology, 12 (4), 229 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647958608683469","Vidrine, M. F., Quillman-Vidrine, G. J., Vidrine, M. F. II, Vidrine, D. J. & Vidrine, C. E. (2004) Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Cajun Prairie Ecosystem in Southwestern Louisiana. Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences, 2004, 77. [https: // digitalcommons. unl. edu / napcproceedings / 77]"]}

Unionicola (Lundbladatax) furcula (Lundblad, 1935) Report associated with sponges: Lundblad (1935) described this mite from Haiti, as a sponge-associated mite. This species was obtained and reared from encysted stages among freshwater sponges (Ephydatia fluviatilis, Dosilia radiospiculata, Trochospongilla horrida, T. leidii, T. pennsylvanica) from Louisiana, North America (Vidrine et al. 1986; Vidrine 1996; Edwards & Vidrine 2013). Remarks: This was found associated with the freshwater mussel Pyganodon grandis from the Mississippi River (Vidrine et al. 2010)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Vidrine, M. F., Bouchon, R. J. & Poirrier, M. A. (1986) New North American records of water mites (Acari: Unionicolidae: Unionicola: Unionicola and Pentatax). International Journal of Acarology, 12 (4), 229 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647958608683469","Vidrine, M. F. (1996) North American Najadicola and Unionicola: diagnoses and distributions. Gail Q. Vidrine Collectibles, Eunice, Louisiana, 356 pp.","Edwards, D. D. & Vidrine, M. F. (2013) Mites of freshwater mollusks. M. F. Vidrine, Eunice, Louisiana, 336 pp.","Vidrine, M. F., Borsari, B., Fuller, S. L. H. & Bereza, D. J. (2010) Mites in mollusks in the upper Mississippi river and their community structure. Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conference, 21, 171 - 178."]}

Unionicola (Hexatax) similis Viets, 1935 Report associated with sponges: This species was reported among sponge Ephydatia rateriformis from Java, Asia (Viets 1935)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Viets, K. (1935) Die Wassermilben von Sumatra, Java und Bali nach den Ergebnissen der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda- Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 13, 5 (4), 595 - 738."]}

Unionicola (Hexatax) parvipora Lundblad, 1920 Report associated with sponges: The larvae and nymph materials were obtained association with sponges��� Spongillidae (Hevers 1979, 1980)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Hevers, J. (1979) Morphologie und Systematik der Nymphen der Unionicola-Arten (Hydrachnellae, Acari) Deutschlands. Osnabrucker Naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 6, 73 - 92.","Hevers, J. (1980) Morphologie und Systematik der Larven der Unionicola - Arten (Hydrachnellae, Acari) Deutschlands. Acarologia, 21 (2), 249 - 266."]}

Unionicola (Hexatax) gracilipalpis (Viets, 1908) Report associated with sponges: This has been reported among sponge Spongilla lacustris from Canada (Conroy 1979; among sponge of the family Spongillidae (Hevers 1980); among sponge Dosilia radiospiculata from Louisiana (Vidrine et al. 1986; Vidrine 1996). Remarks: This has been reported from Michigan and western Canada (Cook 1980). Conroy & Scudder (1975) summarized reports of this mite from Lake Marion in Canada., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Conroy, J. C. (1979) The taxonomy and ecology of Unionicola crassipes crassipes (Muller), a water mite parasitic on the freshwater sponge, Spongilla lacustris (Linne), in Marion Lake, British Columbia. Proceeding of the 4 th International Congress of Acarology, 1974, 135 - 142.","Hevers, J. (1980) Morphologie und Systematik der Larven der Unionicola - Arten (Hydrachnellae, Acari) Deutschlands. Acarologia, 21 (2), 249 - 266.","Vidrine, M. F., Bouchon, R. J. & Poirrier, M. A. (1986) New North American records of water mites (Acari: Unionicolidae: Unionicola: Unionicola and Pentatax). International Journal of Acarology, 12 (4), 229 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647958608683469","Vidrine, M. F. (1996) North American Najadicola and Unionicola: diagnoses and distributions. Gail Q. Vidrine Collectibles, Eunice, Louisiana, 356 pp.","Cook, D. R. (1980) Studies on Neotropical Water Mites. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor, 31, 1 - 645."]}

Unionicola (Hexatax) affinis (Piersig, 1906) Report associated with sponges: This has been recorded from sponges in Java in Stan-See, Tjigonborg, Buitenzorg (Indonesia) (Arndt & Viets 1938)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Arndt, W. & Viets, K. (1938) Die biologischen (parasitologischen) Beziehingen zwischen Arachnoideen und Spongien. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, Berlin, 10 (1), 67 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02122224"]}

Unionicola (Hexatax) mexicana sensu Cook, 1980 Report associated with sponges: This species was mentioned as ���sponge-mite��� in North America (Vidrine 1996; Edwards & Vidrine 2013). Remarks: This species belongs to the ��� U. crassipes ���complex���, It needs further study (emphasizing developmental study) to get a better idea about its association with freshwater sponges., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, 2021, A checklist of halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari, Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia) associated with sponges (Porifera), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5072 (2) on page 115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5733656, {"references":["Cook, D. R. (1980) Studies on Neotropical Water Mites. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor, 31, 1 - 645.","Vidrine, M. F. (1996) North American Najadicola and Unionicola: diagnoses and distributions. Gail Q. Vidrine Collectibles, Eunice, Louisiana, 356 pp.","Edwards, D. D. & Vidrine, M. F. (2013) Mites of freshwater mollusks. M. F. Vidrine, Eunice, Louisiana, 336 pp."]}

Unionicola minutissima Lundblad, 1947 New record — 0/4/0, Python Pool. Millstream-Chichester NP, 21°20.031′ S 117°14.310′ E, 180 m asl, 30 Jan. 2019. Distribution — Known from New Guinea and Australia. With the latter country reported from most states and territories, but no records known from Victoria and South Australia (Smit 2008)., Published as part of Orginal, Harry Smit, 2021, The water mites of Western Australia (Acari: Hydrachnidia), with the description of 13 new species, pp. 928-966 in Acarologia 61 (4) on page 952, {"references":["Smit H. 2008. Australian Unionicola (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Unionicolidae), with the description of two new subgenera and eight new species. Zootaxa, 1674: 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1674.1.1"]}

Unionicola longiseta Walter, 1915 New records — 5/7/10, Kent River at crossing with South Coast Highway, 34°57.576′ S 117°02.430′ E, 25 m asl, 19 Apr. 2008 ; 1/1/1, Gingin Brook near Old Junction Bridge – Neergabby, 31°18′9.56″ S 115°36′25.87″ E, 29 Apr. 2008 ; 14/9/0, Styx River at crossing with Fernley Road, Denham, 34°53.056′ S 117°06.266′ E, 43 m asl, 6 Feb. 2019. Distribution — A widespread species, known from New Caledonia, Australia and New Zealand. Within Australia the species is widespread, but not known from the Northern Territory and South Australia (Smit 2008)., Published as part of Orginal, Harry Smit, 2021, The water mites of Western Australia (Acari: Hydrachnidia), with the description of 13 new species, pp. 928-966 in Acarologia 61 (4) on page 952, {"references":["Smit H. 2008. Australian Unionicola (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Unionicolidae), with the description of two new subgenera and eight new species. Zootaxa, 1674: 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1674.1.1"]}

Unionicola aberrans K.O. Viets, 1984 New record — 3/4/2, Circular Pool, Karijini NP, 22°28.527′ S 118°33.728′ E, 711 m asl, 28 Jan. 2019. Distribution — Known from New Guinea and Australia. From the latter country known from Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia (Smit 2008)., Published as part of Orginal, Harry Smit, 2021, The water mites of Western Australia (Acari: Hydrachnidia), with the description of 13 new species, pp. 928-966 in Acarologia 61 (4) on page 952, {"references":["Smit H. 2008. Australian Unionicola (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Unionicolidae), with the description of two new subgenera and eight new species. Zootaxa, 1674: 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1674.1.1"]}

Unionicola heversi n. sp. Zoobank: AA0F66D6-6FE2-48D7-8447-A149 AD 276899 (Figure 22 A-D) Material examined. Holotype female, pool 1 Ankasa NP, Ghana, 5°17.407′ N 2°38.378′ W, 59 m a.s.l., 26 Feb. 2011 (RMNH). Diagnosis. Cx-II and Cx-III with anterolaterally with a pointed extension; palp stocky, especially P4, this segment with two setal tubercles and anteromedially a stout pointed seta, P5 with large claws, ventrally with two claws but only visible in a skew position. Description. Female: Idiosoma dorsally 745 long and 656 wide, ventrally 689 long. Anterior coxae with short apodemes, extending to Cx-III. Cx-II anterolaterally with a pointed triangular extension, Cx-III anterolaterally with a broader, pointed extension (Figure 22A). Posterior margin of Cx-IV with a short projection. Genital field with five pairs of acetabula on two pairs of platelets, all platelets with long posterior setae. Anterior platelets with two acetabula each, posterior pair with three acetabula each. Unfortunately, the genital field is distorted in the slide. Palp stocky, especially P4, the latter segment with two setal tubercles and a short, stout pointed seta anteromedially. P5 with large claws, ventrally with two claws but only visible in a skew position as these are lying behind each other (Figure 22 B-C). Length of I-leg-4–6: 203, 227, 158. Long setae of first leg not fluted or grooved (Figure 22D). Length of IV-leg-4–6: 251, 316, 284. IV-leg-5 with three, IV-leg-4 with two swimming setae. Male: Unknown. Etymology. Named after Jürgen Hevers for his excellent work on the genus Unionicola. Remarks. The palp with its large claws is somewhat similar to palps of U. dentifera Cook, 1966 and U. cooki Bader, 1981, but these species have the coxae with very large anterolateral extensions., Published as part of Smit, Harry, 2021, Water mites from West Africa (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 700-746 in Acarologia 61 (3) on page 734, DOI: 10.24349/5d6U-DX5N, http://zenodo.org/record/7159546, {"references":["Bader C. 1981. Wassermilben aus Westafrika (Acari, Prostigmata, Hydrachnellae). Rev. zool. Afric., 95: 927 - 953."]}

Unionicola pollicigera K. Viets, 1921 New records. Ghana. 0/1/0, Inlet Volta River at Kpong, 6°09.183′ N 0°03.709′ E, 25 m a.s.l., 10 Mar. 2011. Distribution. Congo (K. Viets 1921), Ivory Coast (Hevers 2010), Ghana (this study). Some doubtful records published by Walter (1935, 1937), based on deutonymphs only., Published as part of Smit, Harry, 2021, Water mites from West Africa (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 700-746 in Acarologia 61 (3) on page 736, DOI: 10.24349/5d6U-DX5N, http://zenodo.org/record/7159546, {"references":["Hevers J. 2010. Die Unionicola - Arten (Acari: Hydrachnidia) des temporaren Flusses N $ ' $ Zi in der Elfenbeinkuste, Westafrika. Stuttg. Beitr. Naturkd. A, Neue Serie, 3: 33 - 78.","Walter, C. 1935. Hydracarina. Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et P. A. Chappuis en Afrique occidentale francaise. Arch. Hydrobiol., 28: 69 - 136.","Walter C., 1937. Contribution a l'etude du Plancton d'eau douce d'Angola. Arch. Hydrobiol., 32: 503 - 509."]}

Unionicola latilaminata K. Viets, 1911 New records. Ghana. 7/1/0, Afiaso stream, Kakum NP, 5°30.087′ N 1°26.373′ W, 114 m a.s.l., 12 Feb. 2013 ; 1/0/0, Ankasa Exploration Base trail stream, Ankasa NP, 5°16.415′ N 2°38.751′ W, 80 m a.s.l., 14 Feb. 2013 ; 0/1/0, Amedzofe Falls, 6°50.656′ N 0°26.868′ E, 599 m a.s.l., 20 Feb. 2013 ; 0/2/0, unnamed stream between Apepem and Kojo Amu, Atewa Hills, 6°10.252′ N 0°36.520′ W, 424 m a.s.l., 27 Feb. 2013 ; 1/1/0, unnamed stream upstream Sagyimase, Atewa Hills, 6°13.966′ N 0°33.114′ W, 671 m a.s.l., 28 Feb. 2913. Distribution. Cameroon (K. Viets 1911, 1912), Liberia (Cook 1966), Ivory Coast (Hevers 2010), Ghana (this study). Outside Africa reported from Israel (Por 1968)., Published as part of Smit, Harry, 2021, Water mites from West Africa (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 700-746 in Acarologia 61 (3) on page 735, DOI: 10.24349/5d6U-DX5N, http://zenodo.org/record/7159546, {"references":["Viets, K. 1911. Neue Wassermilben aus Kamerun. Zool. Anz., 38: 492 - 495.","Viets K. 1912. Hydracarinen aus Kamerun. Arch. Hydrobiol., 8: 156 - 178.","Hevers J. 2010. Die Unionicola - Arten (Acari: Hydrachnidia) des temporaren Flusses N $ ' $ Zi in der Elfenbeinkuste, Westafrika. Stuttg. Beitr. Naturkd. A, Neue Serie, 3: 33 - 78.","Por F. D. 1968. The invertebrate fauna of lake Tiberias. I. Qualitative aspects. Israel J. Zool., 17: 51 - 79."]}

Unionicola cooki Bader, 1981 New records. Ghana. 0/1/0, Inlet Volta River at Kpong, 6°09.183′ N 0°03.709′ E, 25 m a.s.l., 10 Mar. 2011. Distribution. Cameroon (Bader 1981, Smit 1994), Ivory Coast (Hevers 2010), Ghana (this study)., Published as part of Smit, Harry, 2021, Water mites from West Africa (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 700-746 in Acarologia 61 (3) on page 734, DOI: 10.24349/5d6U-DX5N, http://zenodo.org/record/7159546, {"references":["Bader C. 1981. Wassermilben aus Westafrika (Acari, Prostigmata, Hydrachnellae). Rev. zool. Afric., 95: 927 - 953.","Smit H. 1994. New species of water mites from West Africa (Acari, Hydrachnellae), including a checklist of species recorded from Cameroon. Storkia, 3: 5 - 11.","Hevers J. 2010. Die Unionicola - Arten (Acari: Hydrachnidia) des temporaren Flusses N $ ' $ Zi in der Elfenbeinkuste, Westafrika. Stuttg. Beitr. Naturkd. A, Neue Serie, 3: 33 - 78."]}

Unionicola koenikei K. Viets, 1913 New records. Ghana. 0/2/0, Ankasa River, Ankasa NP, 5°13.011′ N 2°39.126′ W, 60 m a.s.l., 13 Feb. 2013. Distribution. Cameroon (K. Viets 1913 / 1914), Burkina Faso (Walter 1935), Angola (Walter 1937), Liberia (Cook 1966), Ivory Coast (Hevers 2020), Ghana (this study). Outside Africa reported from Israel (Por 1968)., Published as part of Smit, Harry, 2021, Water mites from West Africa (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 700-746 in Acarologia 61 (3) on page 734, DOI: 10.24349/5d6U-DX5N, http://zenodo.org/record/7159546, {"references":["Viets K. 1913 / 1914. Hydracarinen-Fauna von Kamerun. Arch. Hydrobiol., 9: 1 - 52, 177 - 225, 331 - 338.","Viets K. 1914. Diagnosen neuere Hydracarinen. Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, 22: 221 - 240.","Walter, C. 1935. Hydracarina. Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et P. A. Chappuis en Afrique occidentale francaise. Arch. Hydrobiol., 28: 69 - 136.","Walter C., 1937. Contribution a l'etude du Plancton d'eau douce d'Angola. Arch. Hydrobiol., 32: 503 - 509.","Por F. D. 1968. The invertebrate fauna of lake Tiberias. I. Qualitative aspects. Israel J. Zool., 17: 51 - 79."]}

Background The aquatic Acari are known as water mites and occupy a wide range of habitats. The freshwater mites, Unionicola aegyptiaca, were collected from the freshwater mussel, Caelatura aegyptiaca, River Nile, Sohag, Egypt. The present paper focuses on the structure of the cuticle and musculature of freshwater mite, U. aegyptiaca. Results Histologically, the cuticle consists of two main layers: epicuticle and procuticle. The latter divided into two sublayers, exocuticle (exo) and endocuticle (en). The musculature of the present species, U. aegyptiaca, is divided into three regions: gnathosoma, idiosoma, and legs. The muscles of the body are classified according to their position and function. Conclusion Details of muscles of gnathosoma, coxal epimerae, genital field, and legs were all described and discussed. The cuticle and musculature of U. aegyptiaca were studied by using the light microscope, and the drawings were down with the help of a camera Lucida. It is likely to note that the cuticle and musculature of freshwater mite, U. aegyptiaca, were described and discussed for the first time in Egypt.

Unionicola longiseta Walter, 1915 New record. North Island. 2/1/0, Lake Rotorua at Rotorua, 38°07.801 ′ S 176°15.920 ′ E, alt. 285 m asl, 7­xii­2014. Distribution. Known only from one old record from Lake Waikare, North Island (Schröder 1935, Arndt & Viets 1938). This species has a wide distribution, and is known from New Caledonia (Walter 1915) and Australia (Cook 1986)., Published as part of Smit, Harry & Pešić, Vladimir, 2020, New records of water mites from New Zealand, with the description of three new genera and ten new species (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 903-950 in Acarologia 60 (4) on page 924, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204410, http://zenodo.org/record/5401542, {"references":["Walter, C. 1915. Les Hydracariens de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. In: Sarasin, F., Roux, J., Nova Caledonia. Recherches scientifiques en Nouvelle- Caledonie et aux Iles Loyalty. A. Zoologie, 2: 95 - 122. C. W. Kreidels Verlag, Wiesbaden.","Schroder, K. 1935. Susswasserschwamme von Neuseeland, Borneo und Madagaskar. Spongilliden- Studien VII. Zool. Anz., 109: 97 - 106.","Arndt, W. & Viets K. 1938. Die biologischen (parasitologischen) Beziehungen zwischen Arachnoideen und Spongien. Z. Parasitenkd., 10: 67 - 93. doi: 10.1007 / BF 02122224","Cook, D. R. 1986. Water mites from Australia. Mem. Amer. Entom. Inst. 40: 1 - 568."]}