7 results on '"Ung SA"'
Search Results
2. Epidemiological and Virological Characteristics of Influenza Viruses Circulating in Cambodia from 2009 to 2011
- Author
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Krammer, F, Horm, SV, Mardy, S, Rith, S, Ly, S, Heng, S, Vong, S, Kitsutani, P, Ieng, V, Tarantola, A, Sar, B, Chea, N, Sokhal, B, Barr, I, Kelso, A, Horwood, PF, Timmermans, A, Hurt, A, Lon, C, Saunders, D, Ung, SA, Asgari, N, Roces, MC, Touch, S, Komadina, N, Buchy, P, Krammer, F, Horm, SV, Mardy, S, Rith, S, Ly, S, Heng, S, Vong, S, Kitsutani, P, Ieng, V, Tarantola, A, Sar, B, Chea, N, Sokhal, B, Barr, I, Kelso, A, Horwood, PF, Timmermans, A, Hurt, A, Lon, C, Saunders, D, Ung, SA, Asgari, N, Roces, MC, Touch, S, Komadina, N, and Buchy, P
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Cambodian National Influenza Center (NIC) monitored and characterized circulating influenza strains from 2009 to 2011. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Sentinel and study sites collected nasopharyngeal specimens for diagnostic detection, virus isolation, antigenic characterization, sequencing and antiviral susceptibility analysis from patients who fulfilled case definitions for influenza-like illness, acute lower respiratory infections and event-based surveillance. Each year in Cambodia, influenza viruses were detected mainly from June to November, during the rainy season. Antigenic analysis show that A/H1N1pdm09 isolates belonged to the A/California/7/2009-like group. Circulating A/H3N2 strains were A/Brisbane/10/2007-like in 2009 before drifting to A/Perth/16/2009-like in 2010 and 2011. The Cambodian influenza B isolates from 2009 to 2011 all belonged to the B/Victoria lineage represented by the vaccine strains B/Brisbane/60/2008 and B/Malaysia/2506/2004. Sequences of the M2 gene obtained from representative 2009-2011 A/H3N2 and A/H1N1pdm09 strains all contained the S31N mutation associated with adamantanes resistance except for one A/H1N1pdm09 strain isolated in 2011 that lacked this mutation. No reduction in the susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors was observed among the influenza viruses circulating from 2009 to 2011. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A/H3N2 strains clustered each year to a distinct group while most A/H1N1pdm09 isolates belonged to the S203T clade. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In Cambodia, from 2009 to 2011, influenza activity occurred throughout the year with peak seasonality during the rainy season from June to November. Seasonal influenza epidemics were due to multiple genetically distinct viruses, even though all of the isolates were antigenically similar to the reference vaccine strains. The drug susceptibility profile of Cambodian influenza strains revealed that neuraminidase inhibitors would be the drug of choice for
- Published
- 2014
3. Epidemiological and Virological Characteristics of Influenza in the Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization, 2006-2010
- Author
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Goldstein, E, Barr, I, Hurt, A, Kelso, A, Reading, P, Ly, S, Seng, H, Buchy, P, Ung, SA, Shu, Y, Xu, C, Xu, Z, Wang, D, Kama, M, Singh, P, Fujisaki, S, Odagiri, T, Tashiro, M, Archkhawongs, S, Khamphaphongphanh, B, Vongphrachanh, P, Kheong, CC, Ismail, N, Burmaa, A, Darmaa, B, Nymadawa, P, Grangeon, J-P, Gourinat, A-C, Huang, QS, Lopez, LD, Lopez, JM, Olveda, RM, Roque, V, Jennings, L, Kang, C, Lin, C, Lin, R, Tee, WSN, Balish, A, Corwin, A, Kapella, BK, Kitsutani, P, McFarland, J, Moen, A, Xu, X, Vu, MPH, Ngoc, LL, Le, QM, Le, KHN, Hoang, AN, Thanh, LN, Thu, NN, Asgari, N, Dawainavesi, A, Denehy, EJ, Dominguez, MN, Jamsran, M, Kasai, T, Kool, J, Lewis, H, Luo, D, Olowokure, B, Partridge, J, Pavlin, B, Samaan, G, Singh, H, Tsuyuoka, R, Vakacegu, A, Zhang, W, Goldstein, E, Barr, I, Hurt, A, Kelso, A, Reading, P, Ly, S, Seng, H, Buchy, P, Ung, SA, Shu, Y, Xu, C, Xu, Z, Wang, D, Kama, M, Singh, P, Fujisaki, S, Odagiri, T, Tashiro, M, Archkhawongs, S, Khamphaphongphanh, B, Vongphrachanh, P, Kheong, CC, Ismail, N, Burmaa, A, Darmaa, B, Nymadawa, P, Grangeon, J-P, Gourinat, A-C, Huang, QS, Lopez, LD, Lopez, JM, Olveda, RM, Roque, V, Jennings, L, Kang, C, Lin, C, Lin, R, Tee, WSN, Balish, A, Corwin, A, Kapella, BK, Kitsutani, P, McFarland, J, Moen, A, Xu, X, Vu, MPH, Ngoc, LL, Le, QM, Le, KHN, Hoang, AN, Thanh, LN, Thu, NN, Asgari, N, Dawainavesi, A, Denehy, EJ, Dominguez, MN, Jamsran, M, Kasai, T, Kool, J, Lewis, H, Luo, D, Olowokure, B, Partridge, J, Pavlin, B, Samaan, G, Singh, H, Tsuyuoka, R, Vakacegu, A, and Zhang, W
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Influenza causes yearly seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics. Global systems have been established to monitor the evolution and impact of influenza viruses, yet regional analysis of surveillance findings has been limited. This study describes epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza during 2006-2010 in the World Health Organization's Western Pacific Region. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Influenza-like illness (ILI) and influenza virus data were obtained from the 14 countries with National Influenza Centres. Data were obtained directly from countries and from FluNet, the web-based tool of the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System. National influenza surveillance and participation in the global system increased over the five years. Peaks in ILI reporting appeared to be coincident with the proportion of influenza positive specimens. Temporal patterns of ILI activity and the proportion of influenza positive specimens were clearly observed in temperate countries: Mongolia, Japan and the Republic of Korea in the northern hemisphere, and Australia, New Zealand, Fiji and New Caledonia (France) in the southern hemisphere. Two annual peaks in activity were observed in China from 2006 through the first quarter of 2009. A temporal pattern was less evident in tropical countries, where influenza activity was observed year-round. Influenza A viruses accounted for the majority of viruses reported between 2006 and 2009, but an equal proportion of influenza A and influenza B viruses was detected in 2010. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Despite differences in surveillance methods and intensity, commonalities in ILI and influenza virus circulation patterns were identified. Patterns suggest that influenza circulation may be dependent on a multitude of factors including seasonality and population movement. Dominant strains in Southeast Asian countries were later detected in other countries. Thus, timely reporting and regional sharing of inform
- Published
- 2012
4. Causes of Decline in the Korean Fir Based on Spatial Distribution in the Mt. Halla Region in Korea: A Meta-Analysis
- Author
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Ung San Ahn and Young Seok Yun
- Subjects
Abies koreana ,mortality rate ,forest decline ,terrain slope ,excess soil moisture ,Jeju ,Plant ecology ,QK900-989 - Abstract
Research Highlights: Technology advances have allowed for a new approach to research the decline of the Korean fir (Abies koreana E.H.Wilson). This study provides insights into the exact causes leading to this decline. Background and Objectives: Various factors could lead to the decline of fir trees around Mt. Halla, Korea, but these have not yet been verified. Here, the Korean fir across Mt. Halla were classified as dead or living and mapped using high-resolution orthorectified aerial images and three-dimensional (3D) stereoplotting. Materials and Methods: Aerial photographs were used to map spatial distribution and analyze the distribution patterns and mortality of the Korean fir. The electronic stereoplotting program (Geo3Di-PRO) enabled the creation of 3D images from aerial photographs. General, altitudinal, and topographical distribution was assessed. Results: Their accumulated percent mortality rate (APMR) showed positive correlations with altitude and tree density, a negative correlation with terrain slope, and no consistent correlation with solar radiation. The results indicate that increases in the density of Korean firs are related to decreased growth in areas at high altitude, on gentle slopes, and with high solar radiation. Consistent positive correlations between density and APMR indicate that fir mortality can be attributed to environmental deterioration and the establishment of unfavorable growth conditions. Areas with high APMR and density had gentle slopes, thus high soil moisture, or relatively high annual precipitation owing to high altitude. Conclusion: Fir mortality on Mt. Halla can be attributed to long-term persistently high rainfall and subsequent excess soil moisture.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Antibodies to Nipah-Like Virus in Bats (Pteropus lylei), Cambodia
- Author
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James G. Olson, Charles E. Rupprecht, Pierre E. Rollin, Ung Sam An, Michael Niezgoda, Travis Clemins, Joe Walston, and Thomas G. Ksiazek
- Subjects
antibodies ,bats ,Cambodia ,Nipah virus ,Pteropus ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Serum specimens from fruit bats were obtained at restaurants in Cambodia. We detected antibodies cross-reactive to Nipah virus by enzyme immunoassay in 11 (11.5%) of 96 Lyle’s flying foxes (Pteropus lylei). Our study suggests that viruses closely related to Nipah or Hendra viruses are more widespread in Southeast Asia than previously documented.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in Cambodia from 2009 to 2011.
- Author
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Horm SV, Mardy S, Rith S, Ly S, Heng S, Vong S, Kitsutani P, Ieng V, Tarantola A, Ly S, Sar B, Chea N, Sokhal B, Barr I, Kelso A, Horwood PF, Timmermans A, Hurt A, Lon C, Saunders D, Ung SA, Asgari N, Roces MC, Touch S, Komadina N, and Buchy P
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Viral immunology, Cambodia epidemiology, Dogs, Drug Resistance, Viral, Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus genetics, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype genetics, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype genetics, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza B virus genetics, Influenza B virus isolation & purification, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Influenza, Human immunology, Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells, Orthomyxoviridae immunology, Orthomyxoviridae isolation & purification, Phylogeny, Seasons, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human virology, Orthomyxoviridae physiology
- Abstract
Background: The Cambodian National Influenza Center (NIC) monitored and characterized circulating influenza strains from 2009 to 2011., Methodology/principal Findings: Sentinel and study sites collected nasopharyngeal specimens for diagnostic detection, virus isolation, antigenic characterization, sequencing and antiviral susceptibility analysis from patients who fulfilled case definitions for influenza-like illness, acute lower respiratory infections and event-based surveillance. Each year in Cambodia, influenza viruses were detected mainly from June to November, during the rainy season. Antigenic analysis show that A/H1N1pdm09 isolates belonged to the A/California/7/2009-like group. Circulating A/H3N2 strains were A/Brisbane/10/2007-like in 2009 before drifting to A/Perth/16/2009-like in 2010 and 2011. The Cambodian influenza B isolates from 2009 to 2011 all belonged to the B/Victoria lineage represented by the vaccine strains B/Brisbane/60/2008 and B/Malaysia/2506/2004. Sequences of the M2 gene obtained from representative 2009-2011 A/H3N2 and A/H1N1pdm09 strains all contained the S31N mutation associated with adamantanes resistance except for one A/H1N1pdm09 strain isolated in 2011 that lacked this mutation. No reduction in the susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors was observed among the influenza viruses circulating from 2009 to 2011. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A/H3N2 strains clustered each year to a distinct group while most A/H1N1pdm09 isolates belonged to the S203T clade., Conclusions/significance: In Cambodia, from 2009 to 2011, influenza activity occurred throughout the year with peak seasonality during the rainy season from June to November. Seasonal influenza epidemics were due to multiple genetically distinct viruses, even though all of the isolates were antigenically similar to the reference vaccine strains. The drug susceptibility profile of Cambodian influenza strains revealed that neuraminidase inhibitors would be the drug of choice for influenza treatment and chemoprophylaxis in Cambodia, as adamantanes are no longer expected to be effective.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The importance of leptospirosis in Southeast Asia.
- Author
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Laras K, Cao BV, Bounlu K, Nguyen TK, Olson JG, Thongchanh S, Tran NV, Hoang KL, Punjabi N, Ha BK, Ung SA, Insisiengmay S, Watts DM, Beecham HJ, and Corwin AL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Asia, Southeastern epidemiology, Base Sequence, Cross-Sectional Studies, DNA Primers, Demography, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Leptospira genetics, Leptospira immunology, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Epidemiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Leptospirosis epidemiology
- Abstract
The importance of leptospirosis in Southeast Asia was assessed in conjunction with other studies supported by the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 (US NAMRU-2), Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia. These included studies of hospital-based, acute clinical jaundice in Indonesia, Lao PDR, and Socialist Republic of Vietnam; nonmalarial fever in Indonesia; and hemorrhagic fever in Cambodia. Background prevalence estimates of leptospiral infection were obtained by a cross-sectional, community-based study in Lao PDR. Laboratory testing methods involved serology, microscopic agglutination test, and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Suggestive evidence of recent leptospiral infections was detected in 17%, 13%, and 3% of patients selected on the basis of non-hepatitis A through E jaundice, nonmalarial fever, and hemorrhagic fever (in the absence of acute, dengue viral infections). Leptospiral IgG antibody, reflective of prior infections, was detected in 37% of human sera, collected in Lao PDR. The predominant leptospiral serogroups identified from cases with clinical jaundice were Hurstbridge, Bataviae, and Icterohaemorrhagiae tonkini LT 96 69. Among the nonmalarial febrile cases, Bataviae was the most frequently recognized serogroup. Pyrogenes and Hurstbridge were the principal serogroups among the hemorrhagic fever case subjects. These findings further attest to the relative importance of clinical leptospirosis in Southeast Asia. The wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms associated with probable, acute, leptospiral infections contributes to the potential of significant underreporting.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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