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This study investigated the optimum temperature and holding solutions for the storage of cut flowers of Arenaria juncea M. Bieb. to facilitate their introduction as a new ornamental plant. We examined the effects of different holding solutions on the water uptake, vase life, and fresh weight of five branches of A. juncea. After harvest, cut branches were stored at 4, 15, 20, and 25°C. To study the effect of the holding solutions, the cut branches were treated with a combination of sucrose (1% and 3%), 8-hydroxyqunoline sulfate (8-HQS: 10, 50, and 100 mg·L-1), and commercial preservative solutions Chrysal and Floralife. At a storage temperature of 4°C, the vase life was 29 days, which was significantly longer compared to room temperature, where the vase life was 7.8 days. Thus, a lower temperature was more effective at extending the vase life. A combination of 1% sucrose and 100 mg·L-1 8-HQS prolonged the vase life by approximately two weeks compared to the control. The effect of both Chrysal and Floralife was similar to the effect of the holding solutions composed of sucrose and 8-HQS. Moreover, rapid reduction of water uptake and fresh weight resulted in a shorter vase life.

Background Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss. is a perennial species native to Jeju Island and the southern coastal area of Korea. Particularly on Jeju Island, the yellow flowers of E. jolkinii Boiss. have a high ornamental value because of their contrast with basalt. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different temperatures (5, 15, 20, and 25 °C) and gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations (0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg/L) on seed dormancy and germination of E. jolkinii. In addition, we classified the seed dormancy type and compared types with those of other species in the same genus. Results The number of seeds with viable embryos and endosperms was approximately 66%. The final germination percentages at 5, 15, 20, and 25 °C were 51.7%, 83.5%, 2.6%, and 0.0%, respectively. In GA3 concentration experiments, the final germination percentages of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg/L were 83.5%, 91.7%, 79.1%, and 83.4%, respectively, at 15 °C conditions, and 0.0%, 6.9%, 13.2%, and 27.3%, respectively, at 25 °C. Conclusions Germination improved at temperatures of 15 °C or lower. Furthermore, GA3 treatment effectively reduced germination times. Thus, the seeds of E. jolkinni were classified as having non-deep physiological dormancy.

The ornamental performance of 20 Veronica species was evaluated. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the division of plant resources, Korea National Arboretum, for two years using 20 Veronica species. Veronica species have a variety of characteristics, with different growth and flowering patterns. Twenty Veronica species were classified into four groups based on plant form and height. V. armena and V. repens were classified as running (< 10 cm), 4 species, including V. gentianoides ‘Little Blues’, were classified as ascending-short (10 cm - 29 cm), 7 species, including V. gentianoides ‘Blue Streak’, were classified as ascending-middle (30 cm - 60 cm), and 7 species, including V. incana, were classified as ascending-long (60 cm

This study aims to examine the effects of cold durations and photoperiods on dormancy break, growth, and flowering of Patrinia rupestris native to Korea. First, we monitored the growth and flowering phenology of plants growing in an open field from March to October, 2018. For the dormancy breaking experiments, P. rupestris was maintained at 4°C for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks under short-day conditions andfor cold treatment. The plants were then transferred to long-day conditions (9 h + 4h night interruption) in room chamber set at 25°C. To determine photoperiodic responses, P. rupestris was maintained under short- (9 h, SD), middle- (12 h, MD), and long-day (16 h, LD) conditions in room chamber set at 25°C following natural chilling accumulation. In open field conditions, P. rupestris blooms in the late summer from August to September with attractive yellow flowers. Time to first flower significantly decreased following 9 or 12 weeks of cold storage compared with the plants subjected to 3 or 6 weeks of cold storage. P. rupestris required ≥9 weeks of chilling treatment to achieve ≥33% flowering. Plant height was the highest in the LD condition (50.1 cm) compared with the SD (16.7 cm) and MD (16.1 cm) conditions. All plants grown under LD conditions flowered, but not all plants grown under SD and MD conditions did (0% flowering) after 16 weeks of forcing. P. rupestris demonstrated both obligate vernalization and long-day flowering responses.

Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss. is a perennial herb belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae and is native to Jeju island and the southern coastal area of Korea. It holds potential as a new ornamental plant, with yellow-green flowers and a long flowering period which ranges from March to May. The present study aimed to investigate the population distribution and growth environments in habitats that are native for the species. Identification of 14,817 plants was done at more than 40 sites along the coastal area of Jeju Island. Of these, 1,075 individuals (7.3%) were identified in eastern Udo, 952 individuals (6.4%) were found in north-west Biyangdo, and 589 individuals (4.0%) were identified in southern Gapado. E. jolkinii was found mainly occurring on rocky areas of the southeastern coast. Similarly, it was distributed only in the eastern part of the island i.e., in the areas of Gapado, Udo, and Biyangdo. The growth of E. jolkinii varied depending on its native area. Plant height, stem length, and stem caliper showed positive correlation with flower size. In each area, flowers bloomed in late March, and seeds were dispersed starting in early June. Approximately 30 plant species were distributed in the vegetation surrounding E. jolkinii habitats, including Spergularia marina (L.) Besser, Rosa wichuraiana Crep. ex Franch. & Sav., Vitex rotundifolia L.f., and Angelica japonica A. Gray. Herbaceous and woody plants accounted for 80% and 20%, respectively. Soil pH ranged from 8.3 to 9.4, and salinity values obtained ranged from 0.003 to 0.017%. Organic matter was determined to be present at 1.9% in Jungmun, 1.4% in Gapado, and 1.0% in Pyoseonmyeon, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) values were recorded as 10.7 cmol+/kg in Gapado, 5.6 cmol+/kg in Pyoseonmyeon, and 1.3 cmol+/kg in Jungmun, respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) was determined to be 0.47 dS/m in Jungmun, 0.19 dS/m in Gapado, and 0.16 dS/m in Pyoseonmyeon, and Cl− was 57.45 mg/kg, 63.01 mg/kg, and 8.12 mg/kg, respectively. Available phosphate was not detected in the coastal areas of Jungmun.

This study was conducted to develop a protocol for the vegetative propagation of Patrinia rupestris (Pall.) Juss., to facilitate its use for ornamental and medical purposes. Cuttings of P. rupestris were treated with distilled water (control), commercial rooting powder (Rooton, 0.4% 1-naphthylacetamide), α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The stem cuttings pretreated with 2685, 5370 µM NAA or 4920 µM IBA displayed the best rooting traits; the rooting percentage, number of adventitious roots, length of roots, and fresh weight of roots. It would be advisable to use the lower concentration, for economy in using the hormone. We recommend treating cuttings with 2685 µM NAA for the propagation of P. rupestris to produce large amounts of planting materials.