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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of foreign direct investments and economic growth on employment and female employment in Turkey with quarterly data for 2000:Q1-2013:Q4 terms. Design/ Methodology/Approach - The data were obtained from Electronic Data Delivery System (EDDS) of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT), Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) and International Financial Statistics (IFS). The stationarity of variables are analysed with Carrion-i Silvestre et. al. (2009) unit root test with multiple structural breaks and the cointegration relationship between variables is tested with Maki (2012) cointegration test with multiple structural breaks. Dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method is used for estimating cointegration coefficients. Findings - It is revealed with the study that foreign direct investments affect employment and female employment negatively whereas economic growth affect employment and female employment positively. Orginality/ value - Despite various studies exploring the relationship between FDI and employment, studies examining the relationship between FDI and female employment are absent in the literature. From this point of view, this study can be seen as the precursor for enlightening the gender dimension of the subject.

Energy is one of the most fundamental requirements for a sustainable economy in many of the emerging countries. Being one of these emerging countries, Turkey has inadequate energy sources and this increases its foreign source dependency for energy. Likewise, experiencing negative energy shocks decreases the economic growth rate. Analyzing the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth by taking into account the structural changes caused by internal shocks and external shocks experienced in the country is of great importance for the Turkish economy. In this study, the long term relationship between energy consumption and real gross domestic production in the period between 1960 and 2012 has been investigated by employing co-integration methods and the vector error correction model. Results of our study show that there is a long term relationship between the series and one-way causality from real gross domestic production to energy consumption. These findings clearly state that economic growth has an important role in energy consumption.