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1. Effect of reprocessing on the service life properties of glass fiber-reinforced in-house polypropylene waste composites

Author

Emmanuel O. Achukwu, Macaulay M. Owen, Solehuddin Bin Shuib, Abubakar Umar, Abdulwahab O. Abdulmalik, Abdullahi Danladi, Benjamin M. Dauda, Ahmad Zafir Romli, Umaru S. Ishiaku, and Akil Md Hazizan

Subjects
In-house waste plastics, glass fiber-reinforced plastics, plastic reprocessing, Polymers and polymer manufacture, TP1080-1185, Automation, T59.5
Abstract

AbstractReprocessing of synthetic fiber-reinforced thermoplastics for reuse in the design of structural components applications is important owing to their non-biodegradability. This study evaluates the effect of reprocessing on the service life properties of in-house polypropylene wastes reinforced with E-glass fiber. Composite materials containing 10 mm length glass fiber (GF) and recycled polypropylene were manufactured with 10 wt% GF and subjected to five reprocessing cycles via extrusion and compression molding under similar conditions. Properties such as mechanical, melt flow index (MFI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were used to analyze the effect of reprocessing on the composites. The results obtained revealed that the composites’ properties diminished with successive reprocessing. The thermal study showed reductions in the thermal stabilities with a drop in onset degradation temperature from 338.07 to 245.15 °C after five runs, indicating an increase in the polymer chain molecular movement and less rigidity due to shorter chains provided by X-ray diffraction analysis with reduced peak intensities, average crystallite sizes, and degree of crystallinities but no destruction of the main functional groups was observed with the spectral studies. An increase in the MFI (6 g/10–17.88 g/10 min) indicated the possible loss of complex viscosity and damage in molecular weight for the reprocessed matrix. Reinforced in-house PP plastics can, therefore, be reprocessed twice only for the same product except with the addition of either virgin PP or other materials to compensate for the lost properties and help manufacturers save costs.

Published
2023
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11. A comparison of ANFIS and MLR models in predicting the efficiencies of hybrid photovoltaic thermal system (PV/T) system.

Author

Ibrahim, M. I., Abdullah, M. Z., Kulla, D. M., Umaru, S., and Dalhatu, A.

Subjects
PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems, SOLAR radiation, SOLAR energy, RENEWABLE energy sources, FUZZY logic, THERMAL efficiency
Abstract

Renewable energies, specifically solar energy which is the richest renewable energy on earth, has been employed in numerous applications due to the fact that it is pollutant-free, widely available and inexhaustible. The main thrust of this study is to predict thermal and electrical efficiencies of photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) setups in regard with load power and solar radiation by developing an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models. To achieve this goal, about 266 empirical measurements were performed on two different fabricated PV/T setups (conventional PV and a water-cooled PV/T system). Several statistical analyses were carried out to assess and validate the proposed models. Base on the results obtained, it was confirmed that there was an excellent agreement between the predicted model outputs and the actual experimental data. However, the ANFIS model outperformed MLR model due lowest MSE with a value of (19.500 for PV/T thermal efficiency, 0.0440 for PV/T electrical efficiency and 0.0021 for PV electrical efficiency). In addition, the lowest RMSE (4.4158 for PV/T thermal efficiency, 0.2097 for PV/T electrical efficiency and 0.0089 for PV electrical efficiency) and the highest correlation of determination (R2) (0.9003 for PV/T thermal efficiency, 0.9972 for PV/T electrical efficiency and 0.9998 for PV electrical efficiency) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

Author

McArdle A. J., Vito O., Patel H., Seaby E. G., Shah P., Wilson C., Broderick C., Nijman R., Tremoulet A. H., Munblit D., Ulloa-Gutierrez R., Carter M. J., De T., Hoggart C., Whittaker E., Herberg J. A., Kaforou M., Cunnington A. J., Levin M., Vazquez J. A., Carmona R., Perez L., Rubinos M., Veliz N., Yori S., Haerynck F., Hoste L., Leal I. A., Da Silva A. R. A., Silva A. E. A., Barchik A., Barreiro S. T. A., Cochrane N., Teixeira C. H., Arauj J. M., Ossa R. A. P. -D. L., Vieira C. S., Dimitrova A., Ganeva M., Stefanov S., Telcharova-Mihaylovska A., Biggs C. M., Scuccimarri R., Withington D., Raul B. B., Ampuero C., Aravena J., Casanova D., Cruces P., Diaz F., Garcia-Salum T., Godoy L., Medina R. A., Galaz G. V., Avila-Aguero M. L., Brenes-Chacon H., Ivankovich-Escoto G., Yock-Corrales A., Badib A., Badreldin K., Elkhashab Y., Heshmat H., Heinonen S., Angoulvant F., Belot A., Ouldali N., Beske F., Heep A., Masjosthusmann K., Reiter K., Heuvel I. V. D., Both U. V., Agrafiotou A., Antachopoulos C., Eleftheriou I., Farmaki E., Fotis L., Kafetzis D., Lampidi S., Liakopoulou T., Maritsi D., Michailidou E., Milioudi M., Mparmpounaki I., Papadimitriou E., Papaevangelou V., Roilides E., Tsiatsiou O., Tsolas G., Tsolia M., Vantsi P., Pineda L. Y. B., Aguilar K. L. B., Quintero E. M. C., Ip P., Kwan M. Y. W., Kwok J., Lau Y. L., To K., Wong J. S. C., David M., Farkas D., Kalcakosz S., Szekeres K., Zsigmond B., Aslam N., Andreozzi L., Bianco F., Bucciarelli V., Buonsenso D., Cimaz R., D'Argenio P., Dellepiane R. M., Fabi M., Mastrolia M. V., Mauro A., Mazza A., Romani L., Simonini G., Tipo V., Valentini P., Verdoni L., Reel B., Pace D., Torpiano P., Flores M. F., Dominguez M. G., Vargas A. L. G., Hernandez L. L., Figueroa R. P. M., Gaxiola G. P., Valadez J., Klevberg S., Knudsen P. K., Maseide P. H., Carrera J. M., Castano E. G., Timana C. A. D., Leon T. D., Estripeaut D., Levy J., Norero X., Record J., Rojas-Bonilla M., Iramain R., Hernandez R., Huaman G., Munaico M., Peralta C., Seminario D., Yarleque E. H. Z., Gadzinska J., Mandziuk J., Okarska-Napierala M., Alacheva Z. A., Alexeeva E., Ananin P. V., Antsupova M., Bakradze M. D., Bobkova P., Borzakova S., Chashchina I. L., Fisenko A. P., Gautier M. S., Glazyrina A., Kondrikova E., Korobyants E., Korsunskiy A. A., Kovygina K., Krasnaya E., Kurbanova S., Kurdup M. K., Mamutova A. V., Mazankova L., Mitushin I. L., Nargizyan A., Orlova Y. O., Osmanov I. M., Polyakova A. S., Romanova O., Samitova E., Sologub A., Spiridonova E., Tepaev R. F., Tkacheva A. A., Yusupova V., Zholobova E., Grasa C. D., Segura N. L., Martinon-Torres F., Melendo S., Echevarria A. M., Guzman J. M. M., Argueta J. R. P., Rivero-Calle I., Riviere J., Rodriguez-Gonzalez M., Rojo P., Manubens J. S., Soler-Palacin P., Soriano-Arandes A., Tagarro A., Villaverde S., Altman M., Brodin P., Horne A., Palmblad K., Brotschi B., Sauteur P. M., Schmid J. P., Prader S., Relly C., Schlapbach L. J., Seiler M., Truck J., Wutz D., Ketharanathan N., Vermont C., Ozkan E. A., Erdeniz E. H., Borisova G., Boychenko L., Diudenko N., Kasiyan O., Katerynych K., Melnyk K., Miagka N., Teslenko M., Trykosh M., Volokha A., Akomolafe T., Al-Abadi E., Alders N., Avram P., Bamford A., Bank M., Roy R. B., Beattie T., Boleti O., Broad J., Carrol E. D., Chandran A., Cooper H., Davies P., Emonts M., Evans C., Fidler K., Foster C., Gong C., Gongrun B., Gonzalez C., Grandjean L., Grant K., Hacohen Y., Hall J., Hassell J., Hesketh C., Hewlett J., Hnieno A., Holt-Davis H., Hossain A., Hudson L. D., Johnson M., Johnson S., Jyothish D., Kampmann B., Kavirayani A., Kelly D., Kucera F., Langer D., Lillie J., Longbottom K., Lyall H., MacKdermott N., Maltby S., McLelland T., McMahon A. -M., Miller D., Morrison Z., Mosha K., Muller J., Myttaraki E., Nadel S., Osaghae D., Osman F., Ostrzewska A., Panthula M., Papachatzi E., Papadopoulou C., Penner J., Polandi S., Prendergast A. J., Ramnarayan P., Rhys-Evans S., Riordan A., Rodrigues C. M. C., Romaine S., Seddon J., Shingadia D., Srivastava A., Struik S., Taylor A., Tran S., Tudor-Williams G., Van Der Velden F., Ventilacion L., Wellman P. A., Yanney M. P., Yeung S., Badheka A., Badran S., Bailey D. M., Burch A. K., Burns J. C., Cichon C., Cirks B., Dallman M. D., Delany D. R., Fairchok M., Friedman S., Geracht J., Langs-Barlow A., Mann K., Padhye A., Quade A., Ramirez K. A., Rockett J., Sayed I. A., Shahin A. A., Umaru S., Widener R., Angela M. H., Kandawasvika G., McArdle A.J., Vito O., Patel H., Seaby E.G., Shah P., Wilson C., Broderick C., Nijman R., Tremoulet A.H., Munblit D., Ulloa-Gutierrez R., Carter M.J., De T., Hoggart C., Whittaker E., Herberg J.A., Kaforou M., Cunnington A.J., Levin M., Vazquez J.A., Carmona R., Perez L., Rubinos M., Veliz N., Yori S., Haerynck F., Hoste L., Leal I.A., Da Silva A.R.A., Silva A.E.A., Barchik A., Barreiro S.T.A., Cochrane N., Teixeira C.H., Arauj J.M., Ossa R.A.P.-D.L., Vieira C.S., Dimitrova A., Ganeva M., Stefanov S., Telcharova-Mihaylovska A., Biggs C.M., Scuccimarri R., Withington D., Raul B.B., Ampuero C., Aravena J., Casanova D., Cruces P., Diaz F., Garcia-Salum T., Godoy L., Medina R.A., Galaz G.V., Avila-Aguero M.L., Brenes-Chacon H., Ivankovich-Escoto G., Yock-Corrales A., Badib A., Badreldin K., Elkhashab Y., Heshmat H., Heinonen S., Angoulvant F., Belot A., Ouldali N., Beske F., Heep A., Masjosthusmann K., Reiter K., Heuvel I.V.D., Both U.V., Agrafiotou A., Antachopoulos C., Eleftheriou I., Farmaki E., Fotis L., Kafetzis D., Lampidi S., Liakopoulou T., Maritsi D., Michailidou E., Milioudi M., Mparmpounaki I., Papadimitriou E., Papaevangelou V., Roilides E., Tsiatsiou O., Tsolas G., Tsolia M., Vantsi P., Pineda L.Y.B., Aguilar K.L.B., Quintero E.M.C., Ip P., Kwan M.Y.W., Kwok J., Lau Y.L., To K., Wong J.S.C., David M., Farkas D., Kalcakosz S., Szekeres K., Zsigmond B., Aslam N., Andreozzi L., Bianco F., Bucciarelli V., Buonsenso D., Cimaz R., D'Argenio P., Dellepiane R.M., Fabi M., Mastrolia M.V., Mauro A., Mazza A., Romani L., Simonini G., Tipo V., Valentini P., Verdoni L., Reel B., Pace D., Torpiano P., Flores M.F., Dominguez M.G., Vargas A.L.G., Hernandez L.L., Figueroa R.P.M., Gaxiola G.P., Valadez J., Klevberg S., Knudsen P.K., Maseide P.H., Carrera J.M., Castano E.G., Timana C.A.D., Leon T.D., Estripeaut D., Levy J., Norero X., Record J., Rojas-Bonilla M., Iramain R., Hernandez R., Huaman G., Munaico M., Peralta C., Seminario D., Yarleque E.H.Z., Gadzinska J., Mandziuk J., Okarska-Napierala M., Alacheva Z.A., Alexeeva E., Ananin P.V., Antsupova M., Bakradze M.D., Bobkova P., Borzakova S., Chashchina I.L., Fisenko A.P., Gautier M.S., Glazyrina A., Kondrikova E., Korobyants E., Korsunskiy A.A., Kovygina K., Krasnaya E., Kurbanova S., Kurdup M.K., Mamutova A.V., Mazankova L., Mitushin I.L., Nargizyan A., Orlova Y.O., Osmanov I.M., Polyakova A.S., Romanova O., Samitova E., Sologub A., Spiridonova E., Tepaev R.F., Tkacheva A.A., Yusupova V., Zholobova E., Grasa C.D., Segura N.L., Martinon-Torres F., Melendo S., Echevarria A.M., Guzman J.M.M., Argueta J.R.P., Rivero-Calle I., Riviere J., Rodriguez-Gonzalez M., Rojo P., Manubens J.S., Soler-Palacin P., Soriano-Arandes A., Tagarro A., Villaverde S., Altman M., Brodin P., Horne A., Palmblad K., Brotschi B., Sauteur P.M., Schmid J.P., Prader S., Relly C., Schlapbach L.J., Seiler M., Truck J., Wutz D., Ketharanathan N., Vermont C., Ozkan E.A., Erdeniz E.H., Borisova G., Boychenko L., Diudenko N., Kasiyan O., Katerynych K., Melnyk K., Miagka N., Teslenko M., Trykosh M., Volokha A., Akomolafe T., Al-Abadi E., Alders N., Avram P., Bamford A., Bank M., Roy R.B., Beattie T., Boleti O., Broad J., Carrol E.D., Chandran A., Cooper H., Davies P., Emonts M., Evans C., Fidler K., Foster C., Gong C., Gongrun B., Gonzalez C., Grandjean L., Grant K., Hacohen Y., Hall J., Hassell J., Hesketh C., Hewlett J., Hnieno A., Holt-Davis H., Hossain A., Hudson L.D., Johnson M., Johnson S., Jyothish D., Kampmann B., Kavirayani A., Kelly D., Kucera F., Langer D., Lillie J., Longbottom K., Lyall H., MacKdermott N., Maltby S., McLelland T., McMahon A.-M., Miller D., Morrison Z., Mosha K., Muller J., Myttaraki E., Nadel S., Osaghae D., Osman F., Ostrzewska A., Panthula M., Papachatzi E., Papadopoulou C., Penner J., Polandi S., Prendergast A.J., Ramnarayan P., Rhys-Evans S., Riordan A., Rodrigues C.M.C., Romaine S., Seddon J., Shingadia D., Srivastava A., Struik S., Taylor A., Tran S., Tudor-Williams G., Van Der Velden F., Ventilacion L., Wellman P.A., Yanney M.P., Yeung S., Badheka A., Badran S., Bailey D.M., Burch A.K., Burns J.C., Cichon C., Cirks B., Dallman M.D., Delany D.R., Fairchok M., Friedman S., Geracht J., Langs-Barlow A., Mann K., Padhye A., Quade A., Ramirez K.A., Rockett J., Sayed I.A., Shahin A.A., Umaru S., Widener R., Angela M.H., Kandawasvika G., Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics, University of Zurich, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Foundation, Shah, Priyen [0000-0001-9164-8862], Ulloa-Gutierrez, Rolando [0000-0002-9157-9227], Herberg, Jethro A [0000-0001-6941-6491], Cunnington, Aubrey J [0000-0002-1305-3529], Levin, Michael [0000-0003-2767-6919], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Inotrope, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, 2700 General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Antibodies, Viral, Medical and Health Sciences, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Glucocorticoid, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Viral, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, OUTCOMES, Respiration, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, General Medicine, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Combination, Artificial, Regression Analysis, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Original Article, Intravenous, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Cohort study, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, BATS Consortium, Adolescent, Immunoglobulins, 610 Medicine & health, Regression Analysi, Antibodies, Immunomodulation, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, Pharmacotherapy, Drug Therapy, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, General & Internal Medicine, medicine, MANAGEMENT, Confidence Intervals, Humans, Preschool, Propensity Score, Glucocorticoids, Mechanical ventilation, Science & Technology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Inflammatory and immune system, COVID-19, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Respiration, Artificial, Confidence interval, KAWASAKI-LIKE DISEASE, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 10036 Medical Clinic, Immunoglobulins, Intravenou, Propensity score matching, Cohort Studie, business, ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME, Confidence Interval, TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME
Abstract

BackgroundEvidence is urgently needed to support treatment decisions for children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.MethodsWe performed an international observational cohort study of clinical and outcome data regarding suspected MIS-C that had been uploaded by physicians onto a Web-based database. We used inverse-probability weighting and generalized linear models to evaluate intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) as a reference, as compared with IVIG plus glucocorticoids and glucocorticoids alone. There were two primary outcomes: the first was a composite of inotropic support or mechanical ventilation by day 2 or later or death; the second was a reduction in disease severity on an ordinal scale by day 2. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation and the time until a reduction in organ failure and inflammation.ResultsData were available regarding the course of treatment for 614 children from 32 countries from June 2020 through February 2021; 490 met the World Health Organization criteria for MIS-C. Of the 614 children with suspected MIS-C, 246 received primary treatment with IVIG alone, 208 with IVIG plus glucocorticoids, and 99 with glucocorticoids alone; 22 children received other treatment combinations, including biologic agents, and 39 received no immunomodulatory therapy. Receipt of inotropic or ventilatory support or death occurred in 56 patients who received IVIG plus glucocorticoids (adjusted odds ratio for the comparison with IVIG alone, 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33 to 1.82) and in 17 patients who received glucocorticoids alone (adjusted odds ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.33). The adjusted odds ratios for a reduction in disease severity were similar in the two groups, as compared with IVIG alone (0.90 for IVIG plus glucocorticoids and 0.93 for glucocorticoids alone). The time until a reduction in disease severity was similar in the three groups.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that recovery from MIS-C differed after primary treatment with IVIG alone, IVIG plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, although significant differences may emerge as more data accrue. (Funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Program and others; BATS ISRCTN number, ISRCTN69546370.).

Published
2021

20. Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

Author

McArdle, A.J. Vito, O. Patel, H. Seaby, E.G. Shah, P. Wilson, C. Broderick, C. Nijman, R. Tremoulet, A.H. Munblit, D. Ulloa-Gutierrez, R. Carter, M.J. De, T. Hoggart, C. Whittaker, E. Herberg, J.A. Kaforou, M. Cunnington, A.J. Levin, M. Vazquez, J.A. Carmona, R. Perez, L. Rubinos, M. Veliz, N. Yori, S. Haerynck, F. Hoste, L. Leal, I.A. Da Silva, A.R.A. Silva, A.E.A. Barchik, A. Barreiro, S.T.A. Cochrane, N. Teixeira, C.H. Arauj, J.M. Ossa, R.A.P.-D.L. Vieira, C.S. Dimitrova, A. Ganeva, M. Stefanov, S. Telcharova-Mihaylovska, A. Biggs, C.M. Scuccimarri, R. Withington, D. Raul, B.B. Ampuero, C. Aravena, J. Casanova, D. Cruces, P. Diaz, F. Garcia-Salum, T. Godoy, L. Medina, R.A. Galaz, G.V. Avila-Aguero, M.L. Brenes-Chacon, H. Ivankovich-Escoto, G. Yock-Corrales, A. Badib, A. Badreldin, K. Elkhashab, Y. Heshmat, H. Heinonen, S. Angoulvant, F. Belot, A. Ouldali, N. Beske, F. Heep, A. Masjosthusmann, K. Reiter, K. Heuvel, I.V.D. Both, U.V. Agrafiotou, A. Antachopoulos, C. Eleftheriou, I. Farmaki, E. Fotis, L. Kafetzis, D. Lampidi, S. Liakopoulou, T. Maritsi, D. Michailidou, E. Milioudi, M. Mparmpounaki, I. Papadimitriou, E. Papaevangelou, V. Roilides, E. Tsiatsiou, O. Tsolas, G. Tsolia, M. Vantsi, P. Pineda, L.Y.B. Aguilar, K.L.B. Quintero, E.M.C. Ip, P. Kwan, M.Y.W. Kwok, J. Lau, Y.L. To, K. Wong, J.S.C. David, M. Farkas, D. Kalcakosz, S. Szekeres, K. Zsigmond, B. Aslam, N. Andreozzi, L. Bianco, F. Bucciarelli, V. Buonsenso, D. Cimaz, R. D'Argenio, P. Dellepiane, R.M. Fabi, M. Mastrolia, M.V. Mauro, A. Mazza, A. Romani, L. Simonini, G. Tipo, V. Valentini, P. Verdoni, L. Reel, B. Pace, D. Torpiano, P. Flores, M.F. Domínguez, M.G. Vargas, A.L.G. Hernandez, L.L. Figueroa, R.P.M. Gaxiola, G.P. Valadez, J. Klevberg, S. Knudsen, P.K. Maseide, P.H. Carrera, J.M. Castano, E.G. Timana, C.A.D. Leon, T.D. Estripeaut, D. Levy, J. Norero, X. Record, J. Rojas-Bonilla, M. Iramain, R. Hernandez, R. Huaman, G. Munaico, M. Peralta, C. Seminario, D. Yarleque, E.H.Z. Gadzinska, J. Mandziuk, J. Okarska-Napierała, M. Alacheva, Z.A. Alexeeva, E. Ananin, P.V. Antsupova, M. Bakradze, M.D. Bobkova, P. Borzakova, S. Chashchina, I.L. Fisenko, A.P. Gautier, M.S. Glazyrina, A. Kondrikova, E. Korobyants, E. Korsunskiy, A.A. Kovygina, K. Krasnaya, E. Kurbanova, S. Kurdup, M.K. Mamutova, A.V. Mazankova, L. Mitushin, I.L. Nargizyan, A. Orlova, Y.O. Osmanov, I.M. Polyakova, A.S. Romanova, O. Samitova, E. Sologub, A. Spiridonova, E. Tepaev, R.F. Tkacheva, A.A. Yusupova, V. Zholobova, E. Grasa, C.D. Segura, N.L. Martinon-Torres, F. Melendo, S. Echevarria, A.M. Guzman, J.M.M. Argueta, J.R.P. Rivero-Calle, I. Riviere, J. Rodriguez-Gonzalez, M. Rojo, P. Manubens, J.S. Soler-Palacin, P. Soriano-Arandes, A. Tagarro, A. Villaverde, S. Altman, M. Brodin, P. Horne, A. Palmblad, K. Brotschi, B. Sauteur, P.M. Schmid, J.P. Prader, S. Relly, C. Schlapbach, L.J. Seiler, M. Truck, J. Wutz, D. Ketharanathan, N. Vermont, C. Ozkan, E.A. Erdeniz, E.H. Borisova, G. Boychenko, L. Diudenko, N. Kasiyan, O. Katerynych, K. Melnyk, K. Miagka, N. Teslenko, M. Trykosh, M. Volokha, A. Akomolafe, T. Al-Abadi, E. Alders, N. Avram, P. Bamford, A. Bank, M. Roy, R.B. Beattie, T. Boleti, O. Broad, J. Carrol, E.D. Chandran, A. Cooper, H. Davies, P. Emonts, M. Evans, C. Fidler, K. Foster, C. Gong, C. Gongrun, B. Gonzalez, C. Grandjean, L. Grant, K. Hacohen, Y. Hall, J. Hassell, J. Hesketh, C. Hewlett, J. Hnieno, A. Holt-Davis, H. Hossain, A. Hudson, L.D. Johnson, M. Johnson, S. Jyothish, D. Kampmann, B. Kavirayani, A. Kelly, D. Kucera, F. Langer, D. Lillie, J. Longbottom, K. Lyall, H. MacKdermott, N. Maltby, S. McLelland, T. McMahon, A.-M. Miller, D. Morrison, Z. Mosha, K. Muller, J. Myttaraki, E. Nadel, S. Osaghae, D. Osman, F. Ostrzewska, A. Panthula, M. Papachatzi, E. Papadopoulou, C. Penner, J. Polandi, S. Prendergast, A.J. Ramnarayan, P. Rhys-Evans, S. Riordan, A. Rodrigues, C.M.C. Romaine, S. Seddon, J. Shingadia, D. Srivastava, A. Struik, S. Taylor, A. Taylor, A. Taylor, A. Tran, S. Tudor-Williams, G. Van Der Velden, F. Ventilacion, L. Wellman, P.A. Yanney, M.P. Yeung, S. Badheka, A. Badran, S. Bailey, D.M. Burch, A.K. Burns, J.C. Cichon, C. Cirks, B. Dallman, M.D. Delany, D.R. Fairchok, M. Friedman, S. Geracht, J. Langs-Barlow, A. Mann, K. Padhye, A. Quade, A. Ramirez, K.A. Rockett, J. Sayed, I.A. Shahin, A.A. Umaru, S. Widener, R. Angela, M.H. Kandawasvika, G. BATS Consortium

Subjects
hemic and lymphatic diseases
Abstract

BACKGROUND Evidence is urgently needed to support treatment decisions for children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. METHODS We performed an international observational cohort study of clinical and outcome data regarding suspected MIS-C that had been uploaded by physicians onto a Web-based database. We used inverse-probability weighting and generalized linear models to evaluate intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) as a reference, as compared with IVIG plus glucocorticoids and glucocorticoids alone. There were two primary outcomes: the first was a composite of inotropic support or mechanical ventilation by day 2 or later or death; the second was a reduction in disease severity on an ordinal scale by day 2. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation and the time until a reduction in organ failure and inflammation. RESULTS Data were available regarding the course of treatment for 614 children from 32 countries from June 2020 through February 2021; 490 met the World Health Organization criteria for MIS-C. Of the 614 children with suspected MIS-C, 246 received primary treatment with IVIG alone, 208 with IVIG plus glucocorticoids, and 99 with glucocorticoids alone; 22 children received other treatment combinations, including biologic agents, and 39 received no immunomodulatory therapy. Receipt of inotropic or ventilatory support or death occurred in 56 patients who received IVIG plus glucocorticoids (adjusted odds ratio for the comparison with IVIG alone, 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33 to 1.82) and in 17 patients who received glucocorticoids alone (adjusted odds ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.33). The adjusted odds ratios for a reduction in disease severity were similar in the two groups, as compared with IVIG alone (0.90 for IVIG plus glucocorticoids and 0.93 for glucocorticoids alone). The time until a reduction in disease severity was similar in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that recovery from MIS-C differed after primary treatment with IVIG alone, IVIG plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, although significant differences may emerge as more data accrue. Copyright © 2021 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Published
2021

21. A Step Towards Autonomous, Biomimetic, Non-GPS Based Navigation Methodology

Author

Oyegbade, B. I., Afolayan, M. O., and Umaru, S. U.

Subjects
Desert Ant, Infra-red, Robot, Biomimetic, Cataglyphis sp, ToTAl, Triangulation, Navigation
Abstract

Global Positioning System (GPS) based navigations have their own inherent weakness; they can be overridden so easily and are not useful inside structures. One method of overcoming the above problem is the use of feature based navigation system. Nature has so much perfected this that copying nature is one of the best approaches available to scientist. In this study, desert ant (Cataglyphis fortis) was imitated. A simple infra-red based active beacons and robot mounted rotating receiver based on TSOP31138 infra-red sensor was implemented using New Three Objects Triangulation Algorithm (ToTAL) in its firmware for the robot pose. The designed robot with the triangulation algorithm was able to compute its pose such that on a grid of 6 m x 6 m, it can home to its base with a maximum error of 14.8 mm.

Published
2019

33. Jute fabric reinforced engineering thermoplastic sandwich composites. I. The effect of molding time.

Author

Thitithanasarn, Smith, Yamada, Kazushi, Ishiaku, Umaru S., and Hamada, Hiroyuki

Subjects
THERMOPLASTICS, FIBERS, COMPOSITE materials, CHEMICAL molding, MICROFABRICATION, GUMS & resins, THERMAL resistance
Abstract

Jute fabric-reinforced sandwich composites were fabricated using engineering thermoplastics. The jute fabrics were precoated with thermosetting resin to improve their thermal resistance before molding of the composites. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) studies revealed that the resin coated fabrics decomposed at higher temperature than the uncoated jute. The onset of degradation of the coated fibers also falls between that of jute fibers and the thermoset resins. This indicates the presence of good interfacial bonding between jute fibers and both resins. Isothermal TGA studies revealed that jute could withstand brief exposure to higher temperature at 270 and 290°C. The sandwich composites were fabricated at 270°C by compression molding for 1.5 and 3 min in each case, and then characterized by flexural, tensile and morphological studies, i.e., SEM and optical microscopy. The uncoated jute fabric yielded composites of superior mechanical properties even with 3 mins molding at 270°C which is close to the degradation temperature of uncoated jute fibers. This is an indication that it is feasible to prepare jute fiber filled engineering polymer composites provided the exposure time at high temperature during processing does not exceed 3 mins as determined by TGA isothermal studies. SEM studies revealed strong fiber/matrix interfacial bonding between jute and the thermoset resins while the inferior mechanical properties of the resin coated sandwich composites could be attributed to the poor interfacial bonding between the already cured thermoset coating and the matrix based on optical microscopy of the polished cross-sections. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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35. Effect of compounding procedure on mechanical properties and dispersed phase morphology of poly(lactic acid)/polycaprolactone blends containing peroxide.

Author

Takeshi Semba, Kazuo Kitagawa, Umaru S. Ishiaku, Masaya Kotaki, and Hiroyuki Hamada

Subjects
LACTIC acid, LACTATES, PEROXIDES, OXIDATION
Abstract

Side feeding technique was applied to poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) blends containing peroxide. Feeding procedures attempted were blanket and split feeding. In the former procedure, all the materials were fed into the main hopper at once. On the other hand, the feeding of materials was split by using main hopper and side feeder in the later procedure. The results indicated that static tensile properties were not dependent on feeding procedure, but the impact strength was superior in the case of the split feeding samples. It is noteworthy that the impact strength of the split feeding sample was considerably affected as it was four times better. Coarse dispersions such as continuous filament and layer dispersions were formed in the blend specimens without peroxide. On the other hand, fine dispersions were formed in the blend specimens containing peroxide which served as compatibilizer in this blend system. Peroxide addition through the side feeder brought about fine dispersions, promoted adhesion at the interface, and increased viscous nature of the PCL phase. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1066–1074, 2007 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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37. Plasma cell myeloma in a 9-year-old male: Case report and literature review.

Author

Ronald K, Jacinta A, and Umaru S

Abstract

Key Clinical Message: Plasma cell myeloma is a rare entity in the pediatric population. The peak incidence is in the seventh decade, with less than 2% of cases occurring in patients under the age of 40. It is worth noting that any destructive bony lesion in a child should be investigated., Abstract: Plasma cell myeloma (multiple myeloma) is the most common form of plasma cell neoplasm. It is a rare entity in young patients. The peak incidence is in the seventh decade, with less than 2% of cases occurring in patients under the age of 40. A male patient aged 9 years old with a progressive pain in lower back for about 1 month, aggravated by bending, associated with inability to stand upright, no any history of trauma. He complained about left pin-point chest pain, no any history of febrile illness. MRI showed a mass lesion of the L3 vertebra; CT scan revealed osteolytic lesions in the left T12, S2-sacral region, and left calvarium. Histology report of L3 lesion revealed cells with an eccentric nucleus, prominent Golgi apparatus and Flow cytometry revealed cells stained positive for CD 138 and CD56 and negative for CD45 expression. In situ hybridization identified k-light chain band restriction. Bone marrow evaluation was normal. A small serum monoclonal immunoglobin A spike of k-light chain type was noted. Other tests like complete blood count, lactate dehydrogenase levels, renal functional tests, and B2-microglobulin were normal. A diagnosis of plasma cell myeloma was made and the patient was started on emergent radiation to L3 lesion due to progressive neurological symptoms followed systemic therapy which resulted int reduction of L3 lesion. Plasma cell myeloma is extremely rare form of liquid tumor in the pediatric population, and it is important for any destructive bony lesion in a child to have appropriate work up., Competing Interests: No conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
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38. Challenges in Evaluating Pediatric Fever and Rash in the Era of COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

Author

Jarvill T, Lauber P, Umaru S, Villalobos T, and Yaeger SK

Abstract

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has challenged the medical community to characterize and treat a new illness. Now almost two years after the initial confirmed cases of COVID-19, medical teams are faced with another unique disease process temporally related to the pandemic-multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The comparison of these patients' presentations illustrates the new challenges of evaluating a pediatric rash and fever in the era of MIS-C., Case Reports: This report presents three cases with features of MIS-C, positivity for SARS-CoV-2, rashes, fevers, gastrointestinal involvement, and elevated inflammatory markers. The first case poses a diagnostic dilemma. While the case 1 patient has many features of MIS-C, his nasal swab was positive for Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA). While the second case falls into the case definition of MIS-C, the case 2 patient also met the criteria for atypical Kawasaki disease. Although the third case was positive for SARS-CoV-2, the patient comparatively had a mild elevation of inflammatory markers and a stable clinical course led the treatment team to be more suspicious of immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis versus hand, foot, and mouth disease. The variability in skin rash in patients with MIS-C contributes to the challenge of correctly diagnosing and managing pediatric patients with fever and rash in the emergency department (ED)., Conclusion: Although most children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or present with mild respiratory illness, it is critical to recognize children at-risk for fluid-refractory shock in MIS-C. With the continuing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, emergency department (ED) providers will have to be alert and have high suspicion when evaluating a child with a fever and a rash to properly identify children presenting with this serious illness., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Jarvill et al.)

Published
2022
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39. A Novel β-Globin Chain Hemoglobin Variant, Hb Allentown [β137(H15)Val→Trp (GTG>TGG) HBB: c.412_413delinsTG, p.Val138Trp], Associated with Low Oxygen Saturation, Intermittent Aplastic Crises and Splenomegaly.

Author

Collier AB 3rd, Coon LM, Monteleone P, Umaru S, Swanson KC, Hoyer JD, and Oliveira JL

Subjects
Amino Acid Substitution, Anemia blood, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Codon, DNA Mutational Analysis, Genotype, Hemoglobins, Abnormal chemistry, Humans, Hypoxia blood, Models, Molecular, Molecular Conformation, Splenomegaly, beta-Globins chemistry, Anemia diagnosis, Anemia genetics, Hemoglobins, Abnormal genetics, Hemoglobins, Abnormal metabolism, beta-Globins genetics, beta-Globins metabolism
Abstract

Hemoglobin (Hb) variants may be associated with low oxygen saturation and exacerbated episodes of anemia from common stressors such as viral infections. These attributes frequently cause increased clinical concern and unnecessary and expensive testing if not considered early in the evaluation of the patient. Some clinically significant Hb variants result in a normal Hb electrophoresis result, which can be method-dependent. Herein we describe a patient with low oxygen saturation and a history of hemolytic anemia who was subsequently found to carry a novel, unstable β-globin variant that we have named Hb Allentown [β137(H15)Val→Trp (GTG>TGG) HBB: c.412_413delinsTG, p.Val138Trp] for the place of identification of the variant. Hb Allentown is formed by a rare double nucleotide substitution within the same codon. Additionally, positive identification of rare Hb variants characterized by a single method is discouraged, as the Hb variant was misclassified as Hb S-South End or β6(A3)Glu→Val;β132(H10)Lys→Asn (HBB: c.[20A > T;399A > C]) by the initial laboratory.

Published
2016
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40. Otocephaly, and pulmonary malformation association: two case reports.

Author

Puvabanditsin S, Garrow E, Umaru S, Padilla J, Chowdawarapu S, and Biswas A

Subjects
Abnormalities, Multiple, Central Nervous System abnormalities, Fatal Outcome, Heart Defects, Congenital, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mandible abnormalities, Urogenital Abnormalities, Ear abnormalities, Lung abnormalities
Abstract

Otocephaly is a rare lethal malformation of the first and second branchial arches. We report two infants with otocephaly and failed resuscitation. Both infants had pulmonary malformations: pulmonary hypoplasia and two-lobed right lung. We report these rare associations with a brief review of the literature.

Published
2006

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