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Abstract Background Gossypium hirsutum undergoes rapid clonal propagation to regenerate a mature plant through tissue culture. However, the correlation between cotton leaf regeneration, callus induction, and regeneration ability was still obscure. In this research, cotton leaf regeneration level for 21 accessions in the field (new leaves) was observed after the first harvest, and a comparison between field regeneration level and callus induction with its regeneration capacity (new shoots and roots) for the same 21 accessions was carried out. Agronomic traits, including plant height, leaf area, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, the number of flowers and bolls, and biochemical (proline content) and physiological (chlorophyll and carotenoid content) traits during the flowering stage of 21 upland cotton accessions, were investigated. Result A significant correlation between physiological parameters and callus induction was discovered. Callus induction and regeneration capacity of roots and shoots for hypocotyl, cotyledons, and shoot tip tissues were used to validate field leaf regeneration level after the first harvest. CCRI 24 showed significant leaf regeneration in the field and callus induction capacity through callus induction and regeneration. Conclusion We found a substantial relationship between field regeneration capability and callus induction with its regeneration capacity for the hypocotyl, cotyledons, and shoot tip. The results showed that ZS061, Lumian 378, Jimian 863, and ZS065 have the highest moisture retention capacity, while CCRI 24, Liaoyang Duomaomian, and Beizhe Gongshemian have the lowest moisture retention capacity. CCRI 24 has the highest leaf regeneration capacity in the field, while Beizhe Gongshemian has the lowest leaf regeneration capacity. All our result provides a clue for checking the regeneration capacity through leaf regeneration level in the field.

Abstract Background ORP (Oxysterol-binding protein-related proteins) genes play a role in lipid metabolism, vesicular transferring and signaling, and non-vesicular sterol transport. However, no systematic identification and analysis of ORP genes have been reported in cotton. Result In this study, we identified 14, 14, 7, and 7 ORP genes in G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all ORP genes could be classified into four groups. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis suggest that the function of this gene family was conserved. The Ka/Ks analysis showed that this gene family was exposed to purifying selection during evolution. Transcriptome data showed that four ORP genes, especially GhORP_A02, were induced by abiotic stress treatment. The cis-acting elements in the ORP promoters were responsive to phytohormones and various abiotic stresses. The silenced plants of GhORP_A02 were more sensitive to drought stress when compared to control. Conclusion The major finding of this study shed light on the potential role of ORP genes in abiotic stress and provided a fundamental resource for further analysis in cotton.