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Abstract Arecanut disease identification is a challenging problem in the field of image processing. In this work, we present a new combination of multi‐gradient‐direction and deep convolutional neural networks for arecanut disease identification, namely, rot, split and rot‐split. Due to the effect of the disease, there are chances of losing vital details in the images. To enhance the fine details in the images affected by diseases, we explore multi‐Sobel directional masks for convolving with the input image, which results in enhanced images. The proposed method extracts arecanut as foreground from the enhanced images using Otsu thresholding. Further, the features are extracted for foreground information for disease identification by exploring the ResNet architecture. The advantage of the proposed approach is that it identifies the diseased images from the healthy arecanut images. Experimental results on the dataset of four classes (healthy, rot, split and rot‐split) show that the proposed model is superior in terms of classification rate.

Biodiesel was produced from waste frying oil (WFO) using waste calcareous-onyx as catalyst. The free fatty acids (FFAs) present in WFO were first esterified with methanol using calcareous-onyx powder calcined at 700 °C (Onyx-700), and the triglycerides transesterification was catalyzed by waste calcareous-onyx powder calcined at 1100 °C (Onyx-1100). Both catalysts were highly active for 5 consecutive reaction runs. DRX and FTIR analyses revealed that Onyx-700 was composed of CaCO3, with traces of CaO in calcite pseudomorph, which accelerates methanol adsorption. Onyx-700 prevents reactions between FFAs and CaO, avoiding calcium soap generation. Onyx-1100, which was basically CaO, enhanced triglyceride transesterification process.

Abstract For the video images with complex actions, achieving accurate text detection and recognition results is very challenging. This paper presents a hybrid model for classification of action-oriented video images which reduces the complexity of the problem to improve text detection and recognition performance. Here, we consider the following five categories of genres, namely concert, cooking, craft, teleshopping and yoga. For classifying action-oriented video images, we explore ResNet50 for learning the general pixel-distribution level information and the VGG16 network is implemented for learning the features of Maximally Stable Extremal Regions and again another VGG16 is used for learning facial components obtained by a multitask cascaded convolutional network. The approach integrates the outputs of the three above-mentioned models using a fully connected neural network for classification of five action-oriented image classes. We demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed method by testing on our dataset and two other standard datasets, namely, Scene Text Dataset dataset which contains 10 classes of scene images with text information, and the Stanford 40 Actions dataset which contains 40 action classes without text information. Our method outperforms the related existing work and enhances the class-specific performance of text detection and recognition, significantly. Article highlights 1. The method uses pixel, stable-region and face-component information in a noble way for solving complex classification problems. 2. The proposed work fuses different deep learning models for successful classification of action-oriented images. 3. Experiments on our own dataset as well as standard datasets show that the proposed model outperforms related state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods.

This paper proposes a simple yet effective method for anomaly detection in natural scene images improving natural scene text detection and recognition. In the last decade, there has been significant progress towards text detection and recognition in natural scene images. However, in cases where there are logos, company symbols, or other decorative elements for text, existing methods do not perform well. This work considers such misclassified components, which are part of the text as anomalies, and presents a new idea for detecting such anomalies in the text for improving text detection and recognition in natural scene images. The proposed method considers the result of the existing text detection method as input for segmenting characters or components based on saliency map and rough set theory. For each segmented component, the proposed method extracts feature from the saliency map based on density, pixel distribution, and phase congruency to classify text and non-text components by exploring a fuzzy-based classifier. To verify the effectiveness of the method, we have performed experiments on several benchmark datasets of natural scene text detection, namely, MSRATD-500 and SVT. Experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed method over the existing ones for text detection and recognition in these datasets.

Graphology-based handwriting analysis to identify human behavior, irrespective of applications, is interesting. Unlike existing methods that use characters, words and sentences for behavioural analysis with human intervention, we propose an automatic method by analysing a few handwritten English lowercase characters from a to z to identify person behaviours. The proposed method extracts structural features, such as loops, slants, cursive, straight lines, stroke thickness, contour shapes, aspect ratio and other geometrical properties, from different zones of isolated character images to derive the hypothesis based on a dictionary of Graphological rules. The derived hypothesis has the ability to categorise the personal, positive, and negative social aspects of an individual. To evaluate the proposed method, an automatic system is developed which accepts characters from a to z written by different individuals across different genders and age groups. This automatic privacy projected system is available on the website (http://subha.pythonanywhere.com). For quantitative evaluation of the proposed method, several people are requested to use the system to check their characteristics with the system automatic response based on his/her handwriting by choosing to agree or disagree options. The automatic system receives 5300 responses from the users, for which, the proposed method achieves 86.70% accuracy.