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Ultrasonic devices aid dental procedures, producing aerosols when combined with water. Amid the Covid-19 pandemic, dental professionals face high infection risks from these aerosols. The WHO recommends using negative air pressure rooms to control aerosols in dental settings, yet the efficacy remains uncertain due to aerosols' prolonged survival in exposed air. This study aims to elucidate the impact of negative air pressure rooms at RSKGMP Universitas Airlangga on aerosol distribution during dental procedures involving ultrasonic devices. Fluorescein and aquades were used as coolant, and root canal irrigation was conducted on tooth 11. Results revealed notable disparities in aerosol distribution patterns and quantities between negative and normal air pressure rooms. This suggests that negative air pressure rooms affect aerosol distribution differently from normal air pressure rooms. Further research is warranted to better understand these effects and optimize aerosol control measures in dental environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to dynamically extract the screw-home movement (SHM) of the tibial surface from an ultrasonic device by semantic segmentation. SHM is a physiological phe nomenon in which the tibia rotates externally about 10 degrees with respect to the femur when the knee joint extends from the flexion position. Here, SHM is evaluated using a semantic segmentation model, U-Net as validation dataset. The validation shows that the final accuracy of the model is 0.55 for accuracy, which seems to be inappropriate for the SHM analysis. The extraction accuracy that is necessary to achieve depends on the field (e.g., medicine, sports) and on the purpose of se- mantic segmentation. Therefore, in this study we compare the pixel values of the bone center of the ultrasonic image and the center of the bone surface extracted by semantic segmentation to verify accuracy. If the center position in the ultrasonic image is output in the extracted image, the extrac- tion accuracy has been verified. As a result of verification in 3 subjects, 56 of 60 observation points ure output correctly. This result indicates the effectiveness of the semantic segmentation model used in this study to dynamically track the SHM of the tibial bone surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endodontic preparation with ultrasonic instruments can lead to temperature rise (TR) on the external root surface (ERF), which may damage the periodontium. The aim was to measure the TR due to the ultrasonic preparation applied at different energy levels and durations during the removal of broken endodontic instrument from the root canal. Thirty-five maxillary central incisors were decoronated and 4 mm of NiTi instruments were fractured 5 mm from the most coronal part of the root. The roots were divided into seven groups according to the preparation mode (endodontic-E5, periodontal-P3) and preparation duration (30 s, 45 s, 60 s). Ultrasonic preparation was performed in periods consisting of four preparation phases with intermediate irrigations and drying. During all preparations, the TR was recorded on ERF using a K-type thermocouple. The results demonstrated that the TR measured at the end of the preparation period was higher than at baseline in all groups (p < 0.001). The largest TR (8.0 ± 0.5 °C) occurred at high energy level (P3) with 60 s preparation duration (p < 0.001). The TR measured after rinsing was significantly lower than before rinsing (p < 0.001). In conclusion, rinsing between ultrasonic preparation phases can reduce the TR, which might be potentially harmful using high-energy exceeding 60 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Periodontal instrumentation during supragingival prophylaxis may increase enamel surface roughness, which may lead to increased dental biofilm accumulation and demineralization of the enamel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of the enamel surface profilometrically after the application of different scaler tips used for the professional supragingival prophylaxis. Materials and methods: Forty-eight enamel block samples obtained from extracted human maxillary premolar teeth were prepared and randomly assigned to four different treatment groups. Each treatment group was instrumented by the same clinician with different tools as Group 1: Er:YAG laser chisel tip, Group 2: scaler, Group 3: new generation universal curette; and Group 4: ultrasonic device. Sample surfaces were evaluated with a profilometer before and after instrumentations and after the polishing process. Results: Baseline roughness of the prepared enamel samples was similar between the groups. After instrumentation and polishing, the Er:YAG laser chisel tip revealed the most irregular surface morphology, whereas the new generation curette induced the smoothest surface. Conclusions: New generation universal curette is a promising tool, which can be used safely for supragingival calculus removal without the need for polishing on enamel surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we design a twisting metamaterial for longitudinal-torsional (L-T) mode conversion in pipes through exploring the theory of perfect transmodal Fabry-Perot interference (TFPI). Assuming that the axial and radial motions in pipes can be decoupled, we find that the metamaterial can be designed in a rectangular coordinate system, which is much more convenient than that in a cylindrical system. Numerical calculation with detailed microstructures shows that an efficient L-T mode conversion can be obtained in pipes with different radii. In addition, we fabricate mode-converting microstructures on an aluminum pipe and conduct ultrasonic experiments, and the results are in good agreement with the numerical calculations. We expect that the proposed L-T mode-converting metamaterial and its design methodology can be applied in various ultrasonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: Thoracic ossified ligamentum flavum (TOLF) has been reported to present with varying degrees of neuro-deficit and multiple factors have been purported to affect its outcome. Purpose of study was to analyze factors affecting outcome and impact of ultrasonic osteotome (UO). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients treated for thoracic myelopathy secondary to OLF between 2010 and 2017. 77 patients with complete clinico-radiological records and 2 years follow-up were included. Initial 45 patients, conventional high-speed burr (HSB-group A) was used for decompression. In others, UO was used in combination with HSB (group B). Myelopathy was graded using modified Japanese orthopaedic association grading pre-operatively and each postoperative visit. At final follow-up, recovery rate was calculated. Radiological details including location, morphology, dural ossification, signal change and spinal ossifications were recorded. Results: Mean mJOA at presentation and final follow-up were 4.3±1.8 and 7.6±1.9 respectively (p = 0.001). HRR was 49.9±23 at final follow-up. A significant reduction in dural tear (12.5%; 29%) and surgical time (125.8±49.5; 189.4±52.5) were observed in group B (p = 0.00). However, there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.18) in recovery rates between groups A (44.8±26.1) and B (52.8±24.3). Symptom duration (p = 0.00), severity of myelopathy (p = 0.04) and cord signal changes on MRI (p = 0.02) were important predictors of outcome. Conclusion: Use of UO significantly reduced operative time and dural tears, although resulted in similar recovery rate as compared with HSB. Pre-operative severity of myelopathy, symptom duration and presence of cord signal change were the most significant predictors of outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the principles of electricity with its applications in electrosurgery. The basic concepts of current, voltage, wattage, impedance and energy are described. Thermal tissue effects are discussed with relation to modes of current application. The hazards of electrosurgery, their mechanisms and preventative measures are outlined. The clinical application and evolution of electrosurgical devices, including the standard monopolar and bipolar circuits, newer ultrasonic energy devices, advanced tissue energisers is also summarized. Special considerations in robotic surgery and gastrointestinal endosurgery are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endodontic preparation with ultrasonic instruments can lead to temperature rise (TR) on the external root surface (ERF), which may damage the periodontium. The aim was to measure the TR due to the ultrasonic preparation applied at different energy levels and durations during the removal of broken endodontic instrument from the root canal. Thirty-five maxillary central incisors were decoronated and 4 mm of NiTi instruments were fractured 5 mm from the most coronal part of the root. The roots were divided into seven groups according to the preparation mode (endodontic-E5, periodontal-P3) and preparation duration (30 s, 45 s, 60 s). Ultrasonic preparation was performed in periods consisting of four preparation phases with intermediate irrigations and drying. During all preparations, the TR was recorded on ERF using a K-type thermocouple. The results demonstrated that the TR measured at the end of the preparation period was higher than at baseline in all groups (p < 0.001). The largest TR (8.0 ± 0.5 °C) occurred at high energy level (P3) with 60 s preparation duration (p < 0.001). The TR measured after rinsing was significantly lower than before rinsing (p < 0.001). In conclusion, rinsing between ultrasonic preparation phases can reduce the TR, which might be potentially harmful using high-energy exceeding 60 s.

The three main components of endodontic success are three-dimensional obturation, pulp space sterilization, and biomechanical preparation. Instrumentation techniques are insufficient to accomplish complete disinfection of the pulp space. It is essential to use additional tools, such as endodontic irrigants. This review article aims to provide a general overview of the different root canal irrigants and their clinical uses. Endodontic treatment focuses more on removing infectious material from the root canal system to facilitate the healing of an existing periapical lesion or to prevent the periradicular tissues from being infected. It is important to note that instrumentation alone can reach every part of the root canal wall. Therefore, the irrigation procedure is a crucial aspect of endodontic therapy. Irrigation requires the application of various irrigants, like sodium and chlorhexidine, to get rid of debris, bacteria, and tissue leftovers. The accomplishment of root canal treatments counts heavily on the thoroughness of irrigation, contributing to optimal canal shaping and disinfection. Modern root canal irrigation systems incorporate syringes, needles, and advanced delivery mechanisms, including sonic and ultrasonic devices. These inventions aim to enhance the mechanical action of irrigants, reaching intricate canal anatomy more efficiently. Understanding the dynamics of root canal irrigation and staying abreast of technological advancements are essential for clinicians to achieve improved treatment outcomes in endodontic procedures., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Naladkar et al.)

Background: After the clinical introduction of ultrasound scalpel in recent years, piezosurgery has become competitive with conventional instruments in orthognathic procedures to reduce the operative and postoperative complications reported to occur in association with these surgeries. Aims: The aim of this prospective clinical study was to compare intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of both piezoelectric device and the traditional bur technique in orthognathic surgery. Intraoperative bleeding time, operative time, postoperative swelling, and neurological impairment were evaluated. Materials and Methods: In this study, a split-mouth technique was applied on ten patients requiring orthognathic surgery. To make the osteotomy cuts, on the one side, piezo-osteotome was used, and on the other side, conventional osteotomy bur was used. Results: Duration of osteotomy was found to be greater with piezo osteotomy compared to bur osteotomy. Mild bleeding was observed with piezosurgery. Postoperative swelling was greater on the side of piezosurgery compared to the bur side. Altered neurosensory activity was found to be equal on the 1st day postoperatively, but the piezo side recovered faster compared to the bur side in the 1st month after surgery. Conclusion: Piezoelectric device offers better advantages over the conventional bur in orthognathic surgery and hence can be considered an alternative to the bur in some orthognathic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current study was conducted to check the efficacy of different zinc phosphide formulations (Hit rat + crushed wheat, hit rat + sweat, ractophos + crushed wheat and ractophos + sweat) in the form of baits, Agtoxin and ultrasonic repellant devices against rats in a sugarcane field. Experiments were conducted in field area of sugarcane crop in Chak No. 33 J.B. Faisalabad, Pakistan for two consecutive years 2017 and 2018. The crop was sown in February, while treatments were applied from June to October. Data regarding the number of burrows was taken in November, while tile activity was recorded on a fortnight basis. The yield was recorded at the crop harvest. The efficacy was calculated in the form of reduction in number of burrows, decrease in infestation, decrease in sugarcane yield and recording the activity of rats on tiles placed in sugarcane fields. Results revealed that highest reduction in a number of burrows was found in agtoxin (96.25%) and then in hit rat + crushed wheat bait application (87.54%), while a lowest reduction in a number of burrows was observed in the ultrasonic repellant device (58.73%). The highest decrease in infestation was observed in hit rat + crushed wheat treatment (84.21%) while the lowest was in the ultrasonic devices (40.23%). The highest yield of sugarcane was recorded in hit rat + crushed wheat (943.14 M/acre) while the lowest was in the ultrasonic repellant device (853.05 mond/acre). Minimum rat activity was observed in Hit rat and crushed wheat treatment while maximum in repellant device treatment in both the years in tile experiment. The present study results indicated that Hit rat + crushed wheat treatment proved best among all the treatments. The yield of sugarcane can be enhanced and infestation of sugarcane by rats can be reduced by the use of this application treatments, which will enhance the profit of sugarcane farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the duration of ultrasound exposure with the least risk of periodontal damage when removing well cast root inlay made taking into account the anatomical features of root canals. 5 Total successfully completed cases was analyzed. We used standard elongated ultrasonic nozzle to remove dental plaque at the maximum ultrasonic power with constant copious water cooled in the cervical region, for 15 seconds on each side, the results obtained without complications. Coppa crown remover used when a mobility features cast root inlay. After a 10-minute periods of use of ultrasound were 2-minute rest periods. It took 2 to 6 visits without anesthesia for temperature control by the patient. The number of visits depends directly on the number of channels used for fixing pin. The number of visits is inversely related to the statute of limitations, and operating time cast root inlay.

Abstract Background Ultrasonic (US) devices are used in laparoscopic, dental, and spinal surgeries, while it is difficult to use for the joint under irrigation and perfusion solutions due to lack of power. A new US device is developed with greater voltage improvement and has been implemented in the arthroscopic field. The aim is to compare the characteristics of the US devices with the conventional ones in water. Methods Twenty bone blocks from the porcine femur were settled in a holder in water. A 4.0 mm diameter abrader burr moved 15 mm along the long axis of the bone block in ten blocks for three times. A 4.3 mm wide curette blade powered by ultrasonic vibration was moved in the same manner in the other ten blocks. The gutter shape, including the gutter depth and the bottom angle of the gutter, and the curetted area ratio of the gutter were assessed. Forty bones blocks from the porcine femurs were clamped with a holder in water, while the cortical bone surface must be located on the side. A 5 mm diameter drill excavated the bone along the previously-inserted guide wire to the 15 mm depth for twenty blocks. Next, the US excavation probe of 5x4mm rectangular shape was moved to the same depth in the other twenty blocks. Each ten block was cut in half along the bone tunnel and was assessed the surface roughness at three area, while the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the tunnel were measured and the ratio of the measured CSA was calculated based on an expected CSA in the remaining ten blocks for each device. Results The depth of curettage and bottom angle were significantly smaller with the US device than with the abrader burr at all planes, while the curetted area ratio created by each device was mostly equal to the other. Surface roughness was similar in two evacuating devices except one area. CSA ratio with the US excavation device was significantly smaller than that with the drill. Conclusion US curettage has an advantage to flatly curette bone surfaces, while a bone tunnel can be accurately created with the US device.

The design and simulation of a new generation Fourier amplifier were investigated in this study. The design and characterization of 500 kHz micro fabricated silicon-based ultrasonic atomization is presented for the concept of uniform and fine droplets. Ultrasonic atomizer nozzle is composed of a silicon-based resonator consisting of the Fourier-Horn., drive section and one step part. The atomization of liquid droplets is verified by using the direct modeling CAD software Space Claim and to construct a single and three Fourier-Horn Amplifier model. At the same time, the multi-section geometric model is completed by the array geometry function of the CAE numerical software COMSOL and the physical characteristics of the Fourier amplifier designed by the finite element analysis module. The simulation study states that the onset amplitude of single Horn ultrasonic atomizer produces to 6.8 μm droplets with a designated frequency of 492 kHz. The types and basic principles of mechanical amplifiers (Horn) and the reason for choosing and the designing of required Fourier amplifiers are explained. The simulation data fit well with experimental data. Micro-droplets are steady and uniformly formed after the liquid feeding rate is optimized. This newly designed ultrasonic atomizer facilitates the development of capillary surface-wave resonance at a designated frequency and easy to form atomization of a liquid drop.There are many uses for uniform and fine droplets, for example, it can be used as a precursor for making micro-sized drops, and can be used as a coating to form extremely fine surfaces; it can increase the surface of droplets, increase evaporation speed and even fuel rate; can be suspended Drugs enter the lungs directly and are absorbed into the blood, treatment of inner ear diseases, nose diseases, and even eye cares can use this single Horn atomizer with a tube.

Purpose. Ensuring the determination of the basis weight of the textile fiber mass directly during the manufacturing process using an ultrasonic device equipped with non-contact ultrasonic sensors. In particular, show the effect of the basis weight of a textile fiber mass on the amplitude of probing vibrations in the measuring channel of an ultrasonic device. . Methodology. An amplitude control method is proposed, which is the basis of the operation of the ultrasonic device. It consists in irradiating the textile fiber mass, which moves relative to the scanning bracket with the sensors, and determining the basis weight of the fiber mass by reducing the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves in the measuring channel. The measurement results are processed with their subsequent digitization and computer analysis. . Findings. It has been established that due to the passage and re-reflection of ultrasonic waves, which fall on two receivers with different vibration delays, it is possible to increase the accuracy of measurements of the average values of the basis weight of the textile fiber mass. Originality. In the general case, it is established that by passing and reflecting ultrasonic waves entering two receivers with different delay of oscillations, it is possible to increase the accuracy of measurements of average values of basis weight of textile fiber mass. Practical value. The block diagram of the ultrasonic device for determination of basis weight of textile fiber mass is shown and its work is described. The main dependences on which the device system will determine the basis weight of the textile fiber mass are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mechanical instrumentation is fundamental to periodontal treatment. However, independent of the instrument used in scaling, an immediate attachment loss occurs at the bottom of the periodontal pocket. This study aimed to determine the influence of tip diameter on attachment loss and the influence of attachment loss on the periodontal response to nonsurgical treatment. Method and Materials: Fifteen patients presenting periodontal pockets with a probing depth of 3.5 mm or more in bilateral teeth were divided into two groups: test group—instrumented with a thin tip, and control group—instrumented with a traditional tip. Probing depth, relative gingival position, and relative attachment level were evaluated immediately before and after and at 1 and 3 months after treatment using an electronic computerized probe. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (P = .05). Results: Both groups presented attachment loss immediately after instrumentation; however, the thin tip resulted in statistically higher immediate clinical attachment loss than the traditional tip (0.85 and 0.15 mm, respectively; P < .0001). However, both groups showed a similar healing after the ultrasonic therapy, at all parameters evaluated (P > .05). Conclusion: In spite of the higher immediate clinical attachment loss inflicted by thin ultrasonic tips during instrumentation, this did not affect the clinical response to the nonsurgical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three years ago the Vector™-system was introduced to the European market for ultrasonic periodontal treatment. The manufacturer claimed that the system removed root cementum and periodontal soft tissues less aggressively than hand instruments. Furthermore, the treatment with the Vector™-system was claimed to be less painful than treatment with conventional systems, as vibrations applied horizontally to the root surface were avoided by a specific oscillation pattern. In addition, by changing the different insert tips of the handpiece, it is possible to use the device not only for periodontal treatment but also in restorative dentistry (i.e. minimal invasive preparation). Several studies assessed the properties of the device, and evaluated its possible benefits especially for periodontal debridement and supportive periodontal care. This survey reviews the current use of the Vector™-system for periodontal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We formed an ultrasound-trapping barrier through hollow cylinder with periodic grating. • Ultrasound field distribution is experimentally visualized. • The structure can work in a broadband frequency range. • The ultrasound intensity and area in the structure are adjustable. It is important to modulate ultrasonic waves in some ultrasonic application fields. We formed an ultrasound-trapping barrier through a hollow cylinder with a periodic grating on the surface and simulated the barrier using the finite element method. Using the Schlieren imaging technique, we visualized the ultrasound field distribution in the structure. Both the experimental and simulation results revealed that the structure can work in a broadband frequency range, demonstrating the effectiveness and practicability of the structure as a virtual ultrasound barrier. We also describe how the silent region and the ultrasound intensity can be adjusted in the hollow cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric composites are considered excellent core materials for fabricating various ultrasonic devices. For the traditional fabrication process, piezoelectric composite structures are mainly prepared by mold forming, mixing, and dicing-filing techniques. However, these techniques are limited on fabricating shapes with complex structures. With the rapid development of additive manufacturing (AM), many research fields have applied AM technology to produce functional materials with various geometric shapes. In this study, the Mask-Image-Projection-based Stereolithography (MIP-SL) process, one of the AM (3D-printing) methods, was used to build BaTiO3-based piezoelectric composite ceramics with honeycomb structure design. A sintered sample with denser body and higher density was achieved (i.e., density obtained 5.96 g/cm3), and the 3D-printed ceramic displayed the expected piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties using the complex structure (i.e., piezoelectric constant achieved 60 pC/N). After being integrated into an ultrasonic device, the 3D-printed component also presents promising material performance and output power properties for ultrasound sensing (i.e., output voltage reached 180 mVpp). Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of AM technology in fabricating piezoelectric composites with complex structures that cannot be fabricated by dicing-filling. The approach may bring more possibilities to the fabrication of micro-electromechanical system (MEMS)-based ultrasonic devices via 3D-printing methods in the future.

In ultrasonic systems, power amplifiers are one of the most important electronic components used to supply output voltages to ultrasonic devices. If ultrasonic devices have low sensitivity and limited maximum allowable voltages, it can be quite challenging to detect the echo signal in the ultrasonic system itself. Therefore, the class-J power amplifier, which can generate high output power with high efficiency, is proposed for such ultrasonic device applications. The class-J power amplifier developed has a power efficiency of 63.91% and a gain of 28.16 dB at 25 MHz and 13.52 dBm input. The pulse-echo measurement method was used to verify the performance of the electronic components used in the ultrasonic system. The echo signal appearing with the discharged high voltage signal was measured. The amplitude of the first echo signal in the measured echo signal spectrum was 4.4 V and the total-harmonic-distortion (THD), including the fundamental signal and the second harmonic, was 22.35%. The amplitude of the second echo signal was 1.08 V, and the THD, including the fundamental signal and the second harmonic, was 12.45%. These results confirm that a class-J power amplifier can supply a very high output echo signal to an ultrasonic device.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical performance of Medisonic (Daiwha Corp.) to that of Harmonic HD 1000i (Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc.) and Sonicision (Medtronic) in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer., Methods: A total of 30 patients were enrolled in this prospective randomized study. The patients were randomly assigned to a Medisonic (M group, n = 10), Harmonic HD 1000i (H group, n = 10), or Sonicision (S group, n = 10) groups. Primary outcome was cutting speed and activation times during omentectomy. Other variables were visibility of surgical field, blade stickiness, and clinical outcomes, including operation-related complications., Results: Clinicopathologic characteristics, including age, sex, body mass index, or stage were not different between the 3 groups. Operative outcomes, including operation time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay were not different between the 3 groups. There was no significant difference in 30-day postoperative complications. The running time of omentectomy was 7.3, 9.2, and 8.7 minutes in the H, S, and M groups, respectively, with no statistical difference (P = 0.589). We also looked at the activation times during the omentectomy, and there was no statistical difference between the groups (52.6 times vs. 58.9 times vs. 56.2 times in the H, S, and M groups, respectively; P = 0.860)., Conclusion: Medisonic is safe and efficient to perform laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and is not inferior to Harmonic HD 1000i or Sonicision in terms of clinical outcomes and cutting/sealing function., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest or financial relationships to disclose regarding the products mentioned in this article., (Copyright © 2023, the Korean Surgical Society.)

Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) using impulsive signals is useful for characterization of biological tissues and cells. The operating center frequency of an ultrasonic device strongly depends on the performance characteristics of the device if the measurement is conducted by using impulsive signals. In this paper, a method for the design of ultrasonic devices for SAM using impulsive signals was developed. A new plane-wave model was introduced to calculate frequency characteristics of loss of ultrasonic devices by taking into account the conversion loss at the ultrasonic transducer, the transmission loss at the acoustic anti-reflection coating, and the propagation loss in the couplant. Ultrasonic devices were fabricated with a ZnO ultrasonic transducer using two acoustic lenses with aperture radii of 1.0 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. The frequencies at which measured losses became minima corresponded to the calculation results by the plane-wave model. This numerical calculation method is useful for designing ultrasonic devices for acoustic microscopy using impulsive signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An obvious shortage appears in local market of security system especially glass-break system. A trial to construct a primary prototype of glass-break system capable to expand to other tasks is attended. Like using variation in apparent distance that measured by Ultrasonic device as a way to estimate temperature of the room. Arduino Uno microcontroller using Ultrasonic sensor with mobile phone to communicate to a predefined phone number for alarm is constructed and tested with the aid of Lab Top computer using USB interface.