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1. Evaluation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) collections

Author

Kittler, Johannes, Krüger, Hans, Ulrich, Detlef, Schrader, Otto, Zeiger, Bärbel, Kästner, Ute, Schütze, Wolfgang, Lohwasser, Ulrike, Gudi, Gennadi, Krähmer, Andrea, Böttcher, Christoph, and Marthe Frank

Subjects
balm, chemotype, haplotype, FISH, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Published
2016
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7. Assessment of sensory profile and instrumental analyzed attributes influenced by different potassium fertilization levels in three tomato cultivars

Author

Daoud, Bashar, Naumann, Marcel, Ulrich, Detlef, Pawelzik, Elke, and Smit, Inga

Subjects
QK1-989, Botany, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Sensory properties are an essential quality aspect when the consumption of fresh tomato is under consideration. The flavor of tomato is defined as a combination of taste sensations (sweetness, sourness), aroma (volatile compounds), and texture (firmness, mealiness), some of which are proven to be affected by insufficient nutrient supply ��� especially potassium (K). This study intends to undertake a holistic assessment of the K fertilization effect on the flavor of tomato by connecting the use of sensorial and instrumental methods. An optimal K supply significantly increased the sensory descriptors sweetness, sourness, and aroma as well as the instrumental estimated color, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acids (TA), and dry matter (DM) in a cultivar-specific manner. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were not significantly affected by K fertilization. The evaluation by the panelists confirmed the results of the instru-mental analyses, by which an increment in the fruit quality with rising K supply could be detected. An optimal K supply of 3.66 g/plant could be suggested to increase tomato flavor in the cocktail cultivars studied: Primavera and Yellow Submarine. Cultivar effects should, therefore, be considered for defining the optimal K fertilizer dose that favors high tomato fruit quality and, hence, better flavor., Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, Vol. 94 (2021): Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality

Published
2021

14. List of Contributors

Author

Acree, Terry E., primary, Aguera, Evelyne, additional, Ahola, Johanna K., additional, Almstätter, Isabella, additional, Alves, Andréa A.R., additional, Amigo, José M., additional, Amrein, Thomas M., additional, Andriot, Isabelle, additional, Antonczak, Serge, additional, Asma, Renske, additional, Athes, Violaine, additional, Aubin, Elodie, additional, Audebert, Alain, additional, Béno, Noelle, additional, Baggenstoss, Juerg, additional, Baiamonte, Irene, additional, Baines, David A., additional, Barbe, Jean-Christophe, additional, Barros, António S., additional, Barros, Elisabete B.P., additional, Batenburg, Max, additional, Beisert, Beata, additional, Benet, Lu, additional, Berdeaux, Olivier, additional, Bernhardt, Jörg, additional, Billmayer, Silvia, additional, Bin, Qing, additional, Birch, Anja N., additional, Bishara, Sandra, additional, Blanch, Consol, additional, Blanco, Domingo, additional, Blank, Imre, additional, Boerrigter-Eenling, Rita, additional, Boisard, Lauriane, additional, Bormann, Sebastian, additional, Bou-Maroun, Elias, additional, Boulanger, Renaud, additional, Brandão, Tiago, additional, Breme, Katharina, additional, Brennecke, Stefan, additional, Brockhoff, Anne, additional, Brondel, Laurent, additional, Brown, Keith, additional, Brunerie, Pascal, additional, Bucci, Remo, additional, Buchhaupt, Markus, additional, Bueno, Mónica, additional, Buettner, Andrea, additional, Cabio’ch, Geoffroy, additional, Cacho, Juan, additional, Cadwallader, Keith R., additional, Callejón, Raquel M., additional, Mar Campo, Maria, additional, Cartier, Charlotte, additional, Carvalho, Beatriz, additional, Castro Alves, Victor C., additional, Cayot, Nathalie, additional, Chabanet, Claire, additional, Chaintreau, Alain, additional, Chambault, Adeline, additional, Charlier, Landry, additional, Chassemont, Claire, additional, Chetschik, Irene, additional, Hee Cho, In, additional, Christlbauer, Monika, additional, Claeys Bouuaert, Thomas, additional, Coic, Solenn, additional, Collin, Sonia, additional, Concejero-Pardos, Belén, additional, Coureaud, Gérard, additional, Courter, Chris, additional, Culleré, Laura, additional, Curtin, Chris D., additional, Cypriani, Marie-Louise, additional, Czerny, Michael, additional, Dacremont, Catherine, additional, D’Aloise, Antonio, additional, Daltoé, Marina M., additional, Darriet, Philippe, additional, Davidek, Tomas, additional, de Jong, Catrienus, additional, De La Fuente, Arancha, additional, Degenhardt, Andreas, additional, Dekkers, Renske, additional, Déléris, Isabelle, additional, Deprêtre, Nicolas, additional, Dermiki, Maria, additional, de Revel, Gilles, additional, Desforges, Neil C., additional, Dijkstra, Annereinou, additional, Dobravalskytė, Diana, additional, Dodson, Andrew T., additional, Donadel, Jossiê Z., additional, Dosne, Thibaut, additional, Du, Xiaofen, additional, Dunemann, Frank, additional, Dussort, Pierre, additional, Stephen Elmore, J., additional, Engel, Karl-Heinz, additional, Escalona-Buendia, Hector B., additional, Escudero, Ana, additional, Espitia-Lopez, Josefa, additional, Etschmann, Maria M.W., additional, Féron, Gilles, additional, Ferreira, Vicente, additional, Festring, Daniel, additional, Fiorucci, Sébastien, additional, Fischer, Ulrich, additional, Fisk, Ian D., additional, Floquet, Pascal, additional, Franco-Luesma, Ernesto, additional, Frank, Stephanie, additional, Frapolli, Sophie, additional, Frauendorfer, Felix, additional, Frey, Peter, additional, Fritsch, Stephanie, additional, Gürbüz, Ozan, additional, Ganß, Sebastian, additional, Garruti, Deborah S., additional, Gassenmeier, Klaus, additional, Gerbaud, Vincent, additional, Giaccio, Joanne, additional, Gil, Ana M., additional, Glabasnia, A., additional, Gohr, André, additional, Golebiowski, Jérôme, additional, Gomes, Bruna L., additional, Goncalves, Liseth, additional, Gourrat-Pernin, Karine, additional, Gouttefangeas, Cécile, additional, Gracia-Moreno, Elisa, additional, Graham, Julie, additional, Gray, David A., additional, Groeneschild, Chantalle, additional, Gros, Jacques, additional, Guggenbühl, Barbara, additional, Guichard, Elisabeth, additional, Guillemin, Hervé, additional, Gunata, Ziya, additional, Hancock, Robert D., additional, Handoko, Dody D., additional, Hansen, Åse S., additional, Hartmann, Beate, additional, Haseleu, Gesa, additional, Hausch, Bethany J., additional, Hazelwood, Lucie A., additional, He, Juan, additional, Heinlein, Anja, additional, Hempfling, Katrin, additional, Hernandez-Orte, Purificación, additional, Herrero, Paula, additional, Hilmer, Jens-Michael, additional, Hixson, Josh L., additional, Hofmann, Thomas, additional, Hogekamp, Hermen, additional, Hort, Joanne, additional, Hory, Chantal, additional, Hufnagel, Jan-Carlos, additional, Ibàñez, Carlos, additional, Ibarra, Dominique, additional, Innerhofer, Georg, additional, Jacob-Lopes, Eduardo, additional, Jacquet, Nathalie, additional, Jiang, Deshou, additional, Jones, Lewis L., additional, Jung, Rainer, additional, Kähne, Fenja, additional, Kallio, Heikki P., additional, Kaloya, Sukhraj, additional, Kelderer, Markus, additional, Kennedy, Orla B., additional, Kerler, Josef, additional, Kersch-Counet, Christine, additional, Kessler, Artur, additional, Kindel, Günter, additional, Klein, Dorothee, additional, Kohlenberg, Birgit, additional, Korichi, Mourad, additional, Kort, Miriam, additional, Koschinski, Stefan, additional, Krammer, Gerhard E., additional, Kreißl, Johanna K., additional, Kurtz, Anne J., additional, Kusbiantoro, B., additional, Kwasniewski, Misha T., additional, Laaksonen, Oskar A., additional, Labouré, Hélène, additional, Lafarge, Céline, additional, Lagemann, Annika, additional, Landrieu, Eric, additional, Lardschneider, Ewald, additional, Lavin, Edward H, additional, Lawless, Harry T., additional, Le Bail, Patricia, additional, Le Fur, Yves, additional, Luc Le Quéré, Jean, additional, Leclercq, Catherine, additional, Leite, Selma G.F., additional, Leitner, Erich, additional, Ley, Jakob P., additional, Lieben, Pascale, additional, Liebig, Margit, additional, Linforth, Robert S.T., additional, Lopez, Ricardo, additional, Lorjaroenphon, Yaowapa, additional, Lubbers, Samuel, additional, Lubian, Elisabetta, additional, Lytra, Georgia, additional, Müller, Jakob, additional, Magalhães, Hilton Cesar R., additional, Magrì, Andrea D., additional, Magrì, Antonio L., additional, Mahattanatawee, Kanjana, additional, Mallia, Silvia, additional, Mantzouridou, Fani, additional, Maraval, Isabelle, additional, Marco, Pedro, additional, Marini, Federico, additional, Marshall, James W., additional, Martens, Marty, additional, Mateo-Vivaracho, Laura, additional, May, Bianca, additional, Mayr, Christine M., additional, Medina, Ana Luisa, additional, Meier, Roberto, additional, Mendez-Iturbe, Daniel, additional, Messner, Christine, additional, Methven, Lisa, additional, Meyerhof, Wolfgang, additional, Moncayo, Liliana, additional, Morakul, Sumallika, additional, Morales, Maria Lourdes, additional, Moretton, Cédric, additional, Mort, Emily S., additional, Moser, Mireille, additional, Mottram, Donald S., additional, Mouret, Jean-Roch, additional, Mueller, Stefan, additional, Murat, Chloé, additional, Nalli, Stefano M., additional, Nardo, Nicoletta, additional, Negishi, Osamu, additional, Negishi, Yukiko, additional, Nicoli, Stefano, additional, Nicolle, Pamela, additional, Nigay, Henri, additional, Nijssen, Ben, additional, Nizet, Sabrina, additional, Novotny, Ondrej, additional, Obst, Katja, additional, Olachea-Martínez, Francisco J., additional, Oliveira, Alcilucia, additional, Ontanón, Ignacio, additional, Orth, Anne-Marie, additional, Pabi, Nicole, additional, Paetz, Susanne, additional, Paoletti, Flavio, additional, Paraskevopoulou, Adamantini, additional, Paravisini, Laurianne, additional, Parker, Jane K., additional, Paterson, Alistair, additional, Paula Barros, Elisabete B., additional, Peña, Francisco, additional, Peck, Jim, additional, Peeters, Florence, additional, Peiró, Pere, additional, Penha, Maria Flávia A., additional, Pepin, Liesbeth, additional, Perez, M., additional, Pérez-Cacho, Pilar Ruiz, additional, Petersen, Mikael A., additional, Peterson, Devin G., additional, Pfaffl, Michael W., additional, Pinto, Náyra O.F., additional, Pischetsrieder, Monika, additional, Plyer, Daniel, additional, Poette, Julie, additional, Poisson, Luigi, additional, Ponne, Carina, additional, Poonlaphdecha, Janchai, additional, Poplacean, Iulia, additional, Puputti, Sari, additional, Qannari, El Mostafa, additional, Qian, Michael C., additional, Queiroz, Maria I., additional, Rabillier, Jean-Marc, additional, Raffo, Antonio, additional, Rauhut, Doris, additional, Reichelt, Katharina V., additional, Reifschneider, Francisco J.B., additional, Renault, Anne, additional, Repoux, Marie, additional, Resconi, Virginia C., additional, Rezende, Claudia M., additional, Rivera, Felipe M., additional, Rochat, Sabine, additional, Rodrigues, João A., additional, Rojas, José M., additional, Roques, S. Sandrine, additional, Rouseff, June, additional, Rouseff, Russell L., additional, Ruiz, Daniel, additional, Ruiz-Teran, Francisco, additional, Runge, Christa, additional, Rytz, Andreas, additional, Saadi, Khaled, additional, Sablayrolles, Jean-Marie, additional, Sacks, Gavin L., additional, Sahin, Hilal, additional, Saint-Eve, Anne, additional, Salles, Christian, additional, San Juan, Felipe, additional, Sandell, Mari A., additional, Sandgruber, Stefanie, additional, Santos, Andriéli B., additional, Schäfer, Uwe, additional, Schüttler, Armin, additional, Schaal, Benoist, additional, Schaller, Jean-Pierre, additional, Schieberle, Peter, additional, Schmarr, Hans-Georg, additional, Schmidt, Christina, additional, Schoen, Eric, additional, Scholtes, Caroline, additional, Schrader, Dirk, additional, Schrader, Jens, additional, Schrampf, Eva, additional, Schwab, Wilfried, additional, Schwager, Hugo, additional, Sefton, Mark A., additional, Seilwind, Stefan, additional, Sémon, Etienne, additional, Siegmund, Barbara, additional, Silamba, I., additional, Silva Ferreira, António C., additional, Sinding, Charlotte, additional, Skelton, Susan, additional, Smogrovicova, Daniela, additional, Solà, Josep, additional, Soldevilla, Hortensia Galán, additional, Soles, Rollin, additional, Söllner, Kerstin, additional, Souchon, Isabelle, additional, Stangl, Andreas, additional, Starkenmann, Christian, additional, Steinhaus, Martin, additional, Evelyn Stelzl, M., additional, Stephan, Andreas, additional, Stettner, Georg, additional, Strube, Andrea, additional, Suess, Barbara, additional, Suwankanit, Chutipapha, additional, Swanepoel, Karen M., additional, Talbot, Matthew D., additional, Talou, Thierry, additional, Tarrega, Amparo, additional, Taylor, Andrew, additional, Taylor, Dennis K., additional, Thomas, E., additional, Thomas, Karin, additional, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, additional, Tissot, Emeline, additional, Toldam-Andersen, Torben, additional, Topin, Jérémie, additional, Torres-Moreno, Miriam, additional, Torri, Aiana F., additional, Tournier, Carole, additional, Trautzsch, Stephan, additional, Tromelin, Anne, additional, Troncoso, Ana M., additional, Úbeda, Cristina, additional, Ulrich, Detlef, additional, Varming, Camilla, additional, Venskutonis, Petras Rimantas, additional, Venturini, Maria E., additional, Verde-Calvo, Jose Ramon, additional, Villmann, Carmen, additional, van der Velden, Rob, additional, Wüst, Matthias, additional, Wagner, Roger, additional, Walsh, Stuart, additional, Wansink, Brian, additional, Wassink, Anne-Marie, additional, Wessjohann, Ludger, additional, Whitaker, Vance, additional, Hanny Wijayaa, Christofora, additional, Williams, Robert C., additional, Wittlake, Rüdiger, additional, Wollmann, Nadine, additional, Yang, Baoru, additional, Yang, Nicole, additional, Yu, Lu, additional, Yvan, Niclass, additional, Yven, Claude, additional, Zapata, Julián, additional, Zepka, Leila Q., additional, and Ziegler, Herta, additional

Published
2014
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20. A strawberry accession with elevated methyl anthranilate fruit concentration is naturally resistant to the pest fly Drosophila suzukii

Author

Bräcker, Lasse B., primary, Gong, Xiaoyun, additional, Schmid, Christian, additional, Dawid, Corinna, additional, Ulrich, Detlef, additional, Phung, Tuyen, additional, Leonhard, Alexandra, additional, Ainsworth, Julia, additional, Olbricht, Klaus, additional, Parniske, Martin, additional, and Gompel, Nicolas, additional

Published
2020
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26. A search for the ideal flavor of strawberry - Comparison of consumer acceptance and metabolite patterns in Fragaria × ananassa Duch

Author

Ulrich, Detlef and Olbricht, Klaus

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, stirbar sorptive extraction, aroma, plant breeding, consumer study, sensory, food and beverages, lcsh:Plant culture, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QK1-989, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Botany, lcsh:SB1-1110, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

in strawberry. Despite numerous investigations of the metabolic composition of strawberries, the description of the relationship between flavor pattern and consumer acceptance is inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to correlate overall liking (acceptance), the intensity of important sensory parameters, which were evaluated by a consumer panel, and data of instrumental analyses like soluble solids content, titratable acidity and volatile organic compound patterning. The data were collected over a period of three harvest years. They are suitable to reveal the relationships and interactions between the metabolite patterns of strawberry and the sensory properties due to the use of a high diversity of the gene pool and due to a special sample preparation with representative sample sizes for both human sensory and instrumental analysis. A high genetic diversity was considered including genotypes from cultivar crossing and from wild species introgression. It was found that the volatile compounds methyl 2-methylbutanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool and decanoic acid correlate positively with the attribute ‘sweet’ and, therefore, can act as sweetness enhancers. Furthermore, compounds were identified with positive (linalool, lactones) and negative impact (some esters, furanones) on the sensory quality. From these findings, strategies towards improved, sensorially valuable strawberry cultivars with a high consumer acceptance can be deduced. The online version of this article (doi: 10.5073/JABFQ.2016.089.029) contains supplementary files., Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, Vol 89 (2016): Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality

Published
2016

29. Isolation of white wine volatiles using different sample preparation methods

Author

Komes, Draženka, Ulrich, Detlef, Lovrić, Tomislav, and Schipel, Kirsten

Subjects
white wine, aroma, liquid-liquid extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, SBSE, solid-phase microextraction, SPME
Abstract

Three sample preparation methods for gas chromatographic analysis of white wine volatiles were tested. In order to find an adequate replacement for common liquidliquid extraction using 1,1,1-trichlorofluoromethan, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) were tested. SPME and SBSE sample preparations are characterized by rapid and easy handling, small sample size and the possibility of automation, but the recovery of aroma compounds is restricted because of the discrimination properties of the polymer phase. Unlike SPME, the results obtained by SBSE are more similar to those of liquid-liquid extraction., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 44 No. 4 (2005): Vitis

Published
2015
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31. Auf der Suche nach Biomarkern im Weinblattmetabolom

Author

Elfert, Maike, Ulrich, Detlef, Fischer, Michael, Hoffmann, Christoph, and Strumpf, Thomas

Subjects
SPME-GC-MS, Falscher und Echter Mehltau, Agriculture (General), Weinblätter, Ökologischer Weinbau, nicht-zielgerichtete Analytik, Resistenzbiomarker, S1-972
Abstract

Falscher und Echter Mehltau sind weitverbreitete Krankheiten bei Weinpflanzen, die zu erheblichen Ernteverlusten führen können. Im Ökologischen Weinbau sind als Fungizide nur kupferhaltige Mittel zugelassen. Als mögliche Folgen der langjährigen Anwendung kupferhaltiger Pflanzenschutzmittel (PSM) werden der Verbleib im Boden und die Auswirkungen auf Bodenorganismen seit einigen Jahren national aber auch zunehmend international diskutiert. Darum ist es wichtig, alternative Pflanzenschutzstrategien zu entwickeln. Aus diesem Grund werden die Metabolitprofile der Blätter von resistenten Reben, wie amerikanischen Wildarten und alten Hybridsorten, mit den gegenüber Mehltau anfälligeren europäischen Sorten in mehreren Erntejahren verglichen. Das Metabolomic Profiling wird mit nicht-zielgerichteten Analysen durchgeführt, um so Hinweise auf noch unbekannte Resistenzbiomarker oder Elicitoren zu erhalten. Die Profile der flüchtigen Inhaltsstoffe (VOC), wurden mit Hilfe der Headspace-SPME-GC-MS analysiert. Bis jetzt konnten in den Weinblättern in einem einjährigen Versuch 81 der festgestellten 120 flüchtigen Komponenten identifiziert werden. Viele der detektierten Substanzen finden sich in mehreren der verschiedenen Rebarten bzw. -sorten. Es zeigen sich jedoch Unterschiede sowohl qualitativer als auch quantitativer Art. Mit Hilfe multivariater statistischer Datenverarbeitung (PCA) konnte gezeigt werden, dass der GC-Fingerprint mit den Entwicklungsstadien der Blätter sowie der Rebart bzw. -sorte eng korreliert, wohingegen der Unterschied zwischen Pflanzen derselben Sorte geringer ist., Journal für Kulturpflanzen, Vol. 65 No. 1 (2013)

Published
2013

34. Nutzung von Resistenzmechanismen verschiedener Rebarten als Alternative zum Einsatz von Kupfer im Ökoweinbau

Author

Strumpf, Thomas, Grünwald, Maike, Fischer, Michael, Ellner, Frank M., Hoffmann, Christoph, Randolf, Kauer, Dejas, Ralph, Ulrich, Detlef, Buchhorn, Roland, Strumpf, Thomas, Grünwald, Maike, Fischer, Michael, Ellner, Frank M., Hoffmann, Christoph, Randolf, Kauer, Dejas, Ralph, Ulrich, Detlef, and Buchhorn, Roland

Abstract

Extrakte aus Wildreben bzw. Hybriden mit hoher Resistenz: Es war zu prüfen, ob durch die Applikation von Blattextrakten von Nicht-Vitis-vinifera-Rebsorten auf Qualitätsrebsorten Plasmopara viticola und andere Pathogene bekämpft, unterdrückt oder pflanzeneigene Abwehrmechanismen bei Qualitätsrebsorten durch in den Extrakten enthaltene Elicitoren aktiviert werden können resp. ob mit den Pflanzenextrakten eine direkte Bekämpfung dieser Problemschaderreger möglich ist. Kupferreduktionspotential bei Anbau neuer Vitis vinifera PIWI - Sorten: Der Anbau von PIWI’s ermöglicht einen weitgehenden Verzicht auf Pflanzenschutz und ist ökologisch und ökonomisch die nachhaltigste Form des Weinbaus überhaupt. Das Kupfereinsparungspotential durch den Anbau von PIWI’s ist vermutlich abhängig von der Resistenz der Sorte und von den klimatischen Bedingungen am Standort. Das für die jeweilige Sorte notwendige Maß an Pflanzenschutz soll in diesem Projekt erstmals ermittelt werden. Daraus lässt sich ein durchschnittliches Einsparpotential an Kupfer bestimmen. Orientierungsversuche mit geringen Stockzahlen im Freiland an Zuchtstämmen mit bereits pyramidisierten Plasmopara Resistenzen wurden in einer 2009 erstellten Prüfanlage mit Überkronenberegnung durchgeführt, in der beliebig hohe Befallsbedingungen für die Rebenperonospora geschaffen werden können.

Published
2013

43. Identification of lipoxygenase (LOX) genes putatively involved in fruit flavour formation in apple (Malus × domestica)

Author

Vogt, Jörg, Schiller, Doreen, Ulrich, Detlef, Schwab, Wilfried, and Dunemann, Frank

Subjects
LIPOXYGENASES, ENZYMES, UNSATURATED fatty acids, CATALYSIS, HYDROPEROXIDES, OXYLIPINS
Abstract

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are non-heme iron-containing enzymes that catalyse the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The resulting hydroperoxides are further metabolized into biologically active oxylipins including jasmonic acid and green leaf volatiles (GLV) such as C6-aldehydes and C6-alcohols. LOXs are also known to play a decisive role in the production of volatiles that influence the flavour and aroma of fruits and vegetables. To obtain an overview of the inventory of the apple LOX gene family, the published Golden Delicious genome was mined for LOX coding sequences. In total, 23 putative functional LOX genes were identified and used for the construction of a phylogenetic tree. Two sub-trees were found which differentiate the LOX sequences into type 1- and type 2-LOXs. Their chromosomal locations were assigned to the predicted chromosomes of the assembled Golden Delicious genome sequence. Single LOX genes as well as clusters consisting of up to four genes were detected on apple chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13 and 16. LOX gene clusters on chromosomes 2 and 7, and on 4 and 12, respectively, indicated duplicated genome regions with high homology, which supports previous hypotheses of an ancient genome-wide duplication event in Malus. By using a PCR-based strategy, eight genes belonging to both type 1- and type 2-LOXs with altogether 30 full-length sequences were cloned. Several putative LOX alleles were detected within the same and among different apple cultivars. Two parental genetic maps available for ‘Discovery’ and ‘Prima’ were used for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping experiment of apple volatile compounds known to be produced by the LOX biosynthetic pathway. The QTL detection resulted in a total number of 15 QTLs for eight volatiles (esters and the aldehyde hexanal) which were located on chromosomes 2, 7, 9 and 12 determined in silico as carriers of at least one LOX gene. To examine the putative roles of apple LOX genes in fruit volatile production, the spatial and temporal expression patterns were analysed by RT-PCR-based transcription analyses of apple leaf and fruit tissues. Two genes, MdLOX1a and MdLOX5e, were identified as candidate genes to be involved in fruit aroma volatile production in apple. The genetic association of QTLs found for the GLV hexanal at the top of chromosome 7, three clustered MdLOX5 genes with a putative 13-LOX function and published apple aphid resistance factors located all in the same region of chromosome 7 indicate that a lipoxygenase action might be involved in Malus aphid resistance reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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44. Untitled.

Author

Ulrich, Detlef, Hoberg, Edelgard, Bittner, Thomas, Engewald, Werner, and Meilchen, Kathrin

Abstract

The contribution of volatile compounds to the flavor of cooked asparagus was evaluated with the aid of gas chromatography in combination with five different detectors – MSD, PND, AED, FID, and the human nose (GCO). The objectives of this study were to estimate the key odor sensations and their contribution to the aroma in liquid extracts of cooked asparagus. A totality of 36 odorants were identified by mass spectrometry supported by element specific detection. This study especially demonstrates the importance of nitrogen and sulfur compounds for the aroma impression. The inclusion of samples from different genotypes should provide information about the variability of aroma compounds in dependence of the genetic background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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45. Effect of volatile organic compounds and taste-related primary metabolites on sensory perception of tomato cultivars in an organic low-input system.

Author

Erika, Cut, Naumann, Marcel, Horneburg, Bernd, Smit, Inga, Ulrich, Detlef, and Pawelzik, Elke

Subjects
VOLATILE organic compounds, METABOLITES, TOMATO farming, TOMATO genetics, TOMATO breeding
Abstract

Aroma of fruit is a key indicator to depict the quality of fruit flavor and is likely to play an important role in determining the perception and acceptability of products by consumers [1,2]. Flavor has obviously been targeted as a secondary breeding goal in recent decades [3]. Studies reveal that tomatoes grown under organic conditions positively increase the consumer preference [4]. Therefore, it is necessary for plant breeders who are developing cultivars for organic production to select also for better flavor characteristics. Sixty indeterminate cultivars which differ mainly in terms of fruit weight, year of cultivar release and fruit color were grown in an outdoor organic low-input system in a temperate climate. The diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), taste-related primary metabolites, and sensory properties of ripe tomatoes consisting of 27 cocktail and 33 salad tomato cultivars released between 1880 and 2015 from conventional, organic or unknown breeding programs, were investigated at two different harvest dates in 2015. The volatile compounds of tomato fruits were semi-quantified by GC-FID and tentatively identified by GC-MS. Isolation of volatiles were performed through automated headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). A non-targeted data analysis (pattern recognition) was used. The evaluation of the cultivars from the two harvest dates exhibited a wide range of variation for all studied traits, with the exception of a few VOCs. Cultivar × harvest date interaction had no significant effect on TA (titratable acidity), TSS (total soluble solid), or overall acceptability but influenced most of the studied VOCs. Further examination was focused on total of 25 VOCs: 7 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 7 alcohols, 4 aliphatic acids, 1 ester and 1 sulfur-containing compound. The main compounds with the highest value in relative concentration in the headspace of tomato fruits include hexanal, 6-me-5-heptene-2-one, (E)-2-hexenal, octanal, 1- hexanol, etc., of which aldehydes are the most abundant volatile group. Variation in all studied traits like fruit type, harvest time, or fruit color was observed, and the discriminative variables characterizing the fruit types were revealed. Principal component analysis differentiated cocktail and salad types with a higher contribution of taste related-primary metabolites (TSS and TA), sensory attributes (sweetness, tomato typical-aroma, and sourness) and phenyl ethyl alcohol, the latter is a discriminative key compound to distinguish cocktail from the salad type. The observed correlations among the metabolites give cues for their biosynthesis pathway. The presence of VOCs such as (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol had effect on the perception of ‘sweetness' and ‘tomato typical-aroma'. Therefore, the present findings should provide a preliminary knowledge for cultivar selection in breeding programs that perform better in flavor and are suitable for organic low-input production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

46. FSL 6: Evaluation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) collections.

Author

Kittlerr, Johannes, Krüger, Hans, Ulrich, Detlef, Schrader, Otto, Zeiger, Bärbel, Kästner, Ute, Schütze, Wolfgang, Lohwasser, Ulrike, Gudi, Gennadi, Krähmer, Andrea, Böttcher, Christoph, and Marthe, Frank

Subjects
LEMON balm, MEDICINAL plants, AROMATIC plants
Abstract

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is a well-known medicinal and aromatic plant and of increasing importance resulting in rising growth area in Germany. Because of its proven sedative, spasmolytic and antiviral effects, it is often used in watery or alcoholic extracts for self-medication or pharmaceutical and medical purposes. This therapeutic effect is due to the content of essential oil and phenolic carbon acids, like rosmarinic acid. Improved knowledge on the genome structure, number of chromosomes in connection with the taxonomical structure of balm is indispensable for improved new varieties. A set of 120 balm accessions was evaluated for the variability of essential oil content and composition as well as the content of rosmarinic acid. These accessions came from the Bavarian State Institute for Agriculture at Freising, Germany (LfL), the federal ex-situ collection of agricultural and horticultural plants of the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research at Gatersleben, Germany (IPK) and the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry at St. Petersburg, Russia (VIR). Out of these 120 accessions 40 balm accessions (M. officinalis) were characterized by flow cytometry and FISH (18/25S and 5S rDNA) to determine the chromosome number and ploidy level. Three different types were found: diploid genotypes with 2n = 2x = 32 chromosomes; tetraploid 2n = 4x = 64 chromosomes and triploid 2n = 3x = 48 chromosomes. Therefore a haploid base number of x = 16 chromosomes is likely. For the first time triploid accessions are described, which were sterile but cytologically and morphologically stable for many years. Triploids express better winter hardiness and regeneration after harvesting cuts as well as bigger leaves and internodes. We characterized three chemotypes (ct.) of essential oil: ct. citral, ct. germacrene D and ct. β-caryophyllene oxide. In addition autotetraploid material from diploid ct. citral was developed for this characterization and belongs also to ct. citral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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47. Sensory and quality analysis of different melon cultivars after prolonged storage.

Author

Hoberg E, Ulrich D, Schulz H, Tuvia-Alkali S, and Fallik E

Subjects
Genotype, Humans, Odorants, Taste, Temperature, Time Factors, Consumer Behavior, Cucumis classification, Cucumis genetics, Food Handling methods
Abstract

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the sensory and general quality of four different melon cultivars (Cucumis melo L.) immediately after harvest and at the end of storage and marketing simulation. After 16 days of storage at 5 degrees C and additional 3 days at 20 degrees C, only cultivar 'C-8' had a poor general appearance due to significant low firmness and relatively high decay incidence compared to the cultivars '5080', 'Ideal' and '7302'. The cultivar '7302' was found to have the higher overall quality. The human-sensory and organoleptic analyses revealed that the cultivars can be differentiated on the basis of retronasal odour. The texture of the melons seems to be dependent on the genotype. All the complex perceptions analysed in this work contribute to the acceptability, which is in the fresh fruits of '7302' the best and in 'Ideal' the worst. After storage and marketing simulation 'Ideal' and 'C-8' are no longer favoured, but '5080' and '7302', despite different characters, were found to be similarly accepted. It can be concluded that with the aid of the human-sensory method developed to characterize the melon varieties it is possible to distinguish the different genotypes.

Published
2003
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48. Rapid differentiation of new apple cultivars by headspace solid-phase microextraction in combination with chemometrical data processing.

Author

Schulz I, Ulrich D, and Fischer C

Subjects
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Software, Volatilization, Chromatography, Gas methods, Malus chemistry, Malus classification
Abstract

The aim of this study was to test a combination of automated headspace solid phase-microextraction gas chromatography (GC) with chemometrical data treatment for the rapid differentiation of enzyme-inactivated homogenates of new apple cultivars. The four cultivars Pinova, Piflora, Renora and Florina are characterized by different volatile patterns. Differences in the contents of volatiles were especially found for butyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, 2-methyl butanol, ethyl acetate and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol. The used sample preparation method for GC coupled with pattern recognition of chromatograms is a useful tool for rapid and reliable determination of large numbers of samples.

Published
2003
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