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Post axial deficiency of the upper limb is also known as ulnar hemilmelia. It is an extremely rare anomaly which is characterized by the partial or complete absent ulna. Most cases are sporadic, with a higher prevalence in male gender. The condition is typically unilateral, affecting the right side. Commonly associated anomalies include short forearm, bowed radius, and ulnar deviation of wrist joint, complex wrist and hand anomalies. This case report describes a rare presentation of unilateral ulnar hemimelia with class I humeroradial synostosis in a 3-year-old child with an abnormally shortened left forearm and a non-functional left elbow. This case aims to contribute to the limited literature on isolated humeroradial synostosis underscoring the importance of imaging investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skeletal dysplasias are a group of more than 450 heritable disorders that affect bone and cartilage, along with muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Achondroplasia is one of the most common skeletal dysplasias in both current and past populations. It can be transmitted intergenerationally, or it can result from a mutation. This paper aims to describe the lesions visible on the skeleton of a 30–45 year old male with achondroplasia, who lived during the 9th–11th centuries AD (medieval period) in Łekno, Poland. The Łekno settlement complex (Site 3) includes a cemetery with approximately 400 burials of monks and local lay people. Macroscopic examination facilitated a differential diagnosis that identified a probable case of achondroplastic dwarfism, combined with Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis and ulnar hemimelia. This is the first case of dwarfism in the bioarchaeological literature that had been documented and visualized using 3D modelings, which were used to show quantitative differences in articular surface areas between the achondroplastic individual and contemporaries of normal stature. Ulnar hemimelia is most commonly seen today as a component of skeletal dysplasias. The right ulna of this male was significantly shorter than the right radius and the left ulna. It is probable that he had multiple skeletal dysplasia (achondroplasia, Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis) as well as ulnar hemimelia as a component of achondroplasia. The combination of these disorders has not been previously reported in the bioarchaeological literature, and this individual is also the first case of achondroplasia and Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis from the medieval period in Central Europe. As such, this example is used here to provide insights on a variety of different diseases, syndromes, and conditions in Polish medieval populations and that will help in future identification of rare diseases from archaeological sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four dogs were presented with thoracic limb deformity. After clinical and radiographic examinations, a diagnosis of congenital malformations was performed for each of them. In one case, a deformity involving both the radial and ulnar side of the distal limb was observed. Based on clinical and radiological evaluations, a diagnosis of postaxial terminal longitudinal ulnar hemimelia was performed. The term ectrodactyly was used to refer different malformations characterized by skin and soft tissue separation of the distal forelimb observed in two dogs. Simple complete uncomplicated syndactyly of the right forelimb, and complex incomplete uncomplicated syndactyly of the left forelimb were diagnosed in the fourth case. To the authors’ knowledge, ectrodactyly and simple complete uncomplicated syndactyly are very uncommon anomalies in companion animals and have been rarely documented. Moreover, postaxial terminal longitudinal ulnar hemimelia has still not been reported in dogs.

Ulnar longitudinal deficiency  (ULD) is a rare skeletal condition marked by the partial or complete failure of the formation of the ulna. This rare condition is often associated with fixed flexion deformity, radial head subluxation, complex carpal, metacarpal, and digital abnormalities. Most presentations are male-preponderant and right-sided. Different classifications have described ULD. Usually, the condition is not associated with systemic findings; however, detailed physical examination and radiologic evaluations are crucial for assessing and managing affected patients. We report a rare case of ULD in an 11-month-old female infant with congenital absence of the left ulna, four digits, and a postaxial hypoplastic finger., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Velasquez Restrespo et al.)

Ulnar dysmelia is a congenital anatomic disorder characterized by abnormal development of the ulna and subsequent distal bones. This rare disorder has a heterogeneous presentation in patients described in the literature. We present the case of a 23-year-old woman with ulnar dysmelia who lacked the ulnar attachments of the transverse carpal ligament and developed carpal tunnel syndrome at a relatively young age, requiring carpal tunnel release. This case report presents an interesting and unique cause of carpal tunnel syndrome and reviews the literature on ulnar dysmelia.

Simple Summary: Congenital limb defects are sporadically encountered in dogs during normal clinical practice. Literature concerning their diagnosis and management in canine species is poor. Sometimes, the diagnosis and description of congenital limb abnormalities are complicated by the concurrent presence of different malformations in the same limb and the lack of widely accepted classification schemes. In order to improve the knowledge about congenital limb anomalies in dogs, this report describes the clinical and radiographic findings in four dogs affected by unusual congenital forelimb defects, underlying also the importance of reviewing current terminology. Four dogs were presented with thoracic limb deformity. After clinical and radiographic examinations, a diagnosis of congenital malformations was performed for each of them. In one case, a deformity involving both the radial and ulnar side of the distal limb was observed. Based on clinical and radiological evaluations, a diagnosis of postaxial terminal longitudinal ulnar hemimelia was performed. The term ectrodactyly was used to refer different malformations characterized by skin and soft tissue separation of the distal forelimb observed in two dogs. Simple complete uncomplicated syndactyly of the right forelimb, and complex incomplete uncomplicated syndactyly of the left forelimb were diagnosed in the fourth case. To the authors' knowledge, ectrodactyly and simple complete uncomplicated syndactyly are very uncommon anomalies in companion animals and have been rarely documented. Moreover, postaxial terminal longitudinal ulnar hemimelia has still not been reported in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]