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13. Readiness to change sun-protective behaviour

Author

Kristjansson, S., Helgason, AR., Rosdahl, Inger, Holm, L.-E, Ullen, H., Kristjansson, S., Helgason, AR., Rosdahl, Inger, Holm, L.-E, and Ullen, H.

Abstract

The incidence of malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers has increased rapidly in Sweden during the last 20 years. The best-known way to revert this trend is primary prevention. Matching health messages to readiness to change in the population may enhance the effect of community-based prevention. The aims of this study were to investigate readiness to change sun-protective behaviour in two groups (visitors to mobile screening units and beach-goers) and to test a single-item algorithm in assessing the stage of change in sun-protective behaviour. Seven hundred and forty-two visitors to the mobile screening units and 202 individuals on nearby beaches answered a short questionnaire. The assessment of readiness to change was based on stages of change in sun-protective behaviour modified from the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change. As expected, the visitors to the screening units were more often in action/maintenance stages than the beach group for most sun-protective behaviours. In conclusion, the single-item algorithm method appears to be sensitive to assess readiness to change sun-protective behaviour, based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change. This method can be incorporated into population surveys and may aid in developing successful skin cancer prevention programmes. © 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Published
2001
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15. Supplementary iron intake and risk of cancer : Reversed causality?

Author

Ullen, H, Augustsson, Katarina, Gustavsson, C, Steineck, G, Ullen, H, Augustsson, Katarina, Gustavsson, C, and Steineck, G

Abstract

Dietary iron intake and body iron stores have been suggested to increase cancer risk, especially colorectal cancer. Within a population-based case-control study in Stockholm county 1993-94, information on dietary and supplementary iron intake were collected through a food frequency questionnaire. An initially noted positive association between intake of supplementary iron and colorectal cancer risk was reversed when intake 5 years prior to cancer diagnosis was subtracted. Reversed causality due to early disease giving symptoms of iron shortage, resulting in iron supplementation, is an issue to consider when a possible association between intake of iron and cancer risk is investigated.

Published
1997
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17. Sunbed use in relation to phenotype, erythema, sunscreen use and skin diseases. A questionnaire survey among Swedish adolescents.

Author

Boldeman, C., Beitner, H., Jansson, T. B, Nilsson, T. B, and Ullen, H.

Subjects
ERYTHEMA, SKIN diseases, GENOTYPE-environment interaction, SKIN inflammation, INDUSTRIAL chemistry, TEENAGERS
Abstract

Sunbed use was studied in relation to phenotype, erythema, sunscreen use and skin disease. The study population comprised 14-19 year-old Stockholm adolescents in 60 randomly selected classes, with 1252 students providing information. More than half (57%) reported sunbed use ⩾ 4 times during the previous year. Skin type III dominated (64%). Excessive exposure ( ⩾ 10 times/year) was not correlated to skin type. Sunscreens were most commonly used by sunbed users. Of all sunbed users, 44% reported erythema. Adolescents with acne/seborrhoea, eczema or psoriasis used sunbeds more than others without skin diseases. The proportion with sunbed erythema (44%) indicates an unrecognized susceptibility to artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) among adolescents. The association between high exposure to UVR and sunscreen use stresses the importance of sunscreens being used as supplementary protection, not as a tool for tanning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1996
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20. Population UV-dose and skin area -- do sunbeds rival the sun?

Author

Jansson, B., Boldemann, C., Ullen, H., and Wester, U.

Subjects
RADIATION exposure, ULTRAVIOLET radiation, SKIN, RISK assessment, POPULATION, PUBLIC health
Abstract

From the perspective of skin cancer risks, sunbed tanning may give the population group of Swedish adolescents a yearly total dose in terms of ultraviolet radiant energy to the skin which is comparable to sunlight. For populations, a dosage scheme is applied, where exposed skin area is estimated to be two to ten times larger in tanning units than in outdoor sunlight. The normal dose fluence rate is multiplied by the exposure time and by the exposed body surface area. A study ofsunbed use among adolescents was reinvestigated. Skin dose from artificial tanning in that population group is calculated and compared tosun exposure for erythemally effective radiation and for UVA (315-400 nm). Skin doses from tanning units to the adolescent population agree with estimates based on information concerning sunbed lamp sales/year. For the population, the erythemal skin dose from tanning units exceeds an increase in solar ultraviolet radiation to the skin projected from 10% ozone depletion. The dosage scheme might help to interpret data suggesting an increased melanoma risk among young people usingsunbeds =/> 10 times per year. Tanning and sunburns in sunbeds and in sunlight is discussed with regard to skin area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999

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