Search

Hyperbilirubinemia is commonly seen in medical practice. But what could be the highest level of bilirubin in an individual that is still an unanswered question. We came across to a 37 years old lady in October 2018 with hepaticolithiasis who underwent extended choledocholithotomy. Her preoperative serum bilirubin was within normal range. Post-operatively she developed cholangitis and from 3rd post-operative day onwards she developed severe hyperbilirubinemia, which was high as 70.47 mg/dl on the 6th post-operative day. Other causes of post-operative hyperbilirubinemia were excluded. She was managed conservatively for this hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin level gradually reduced.

Almost all countries in the world have now enforced coronavirus-related travel restrictions and border shutdowns. Migrant populations in the world are now considered the worst victims of COVID-19, and the spreaders too. This article aims to investigate the impacts that COVID-19 has on population migration. Informal interviews were conducted with the respondents who were stranded in different parts of the world via Skype and WhatsApp between February and November 2020. COVID-19 poses a threat to the millions who were caught between home and their final destinations - and are now living in overcrowded refugee camps where the terms 'stay home' 'stay safe' and 'social distancing' carries very little meaning., (© 2021 The Author(s).)

A series of combretastatin derivatives were designed and synthesised by a two-step stereoselective synthesis by use of Wittig olefination followed by Suzuki cross-coupling. Interestingly, all new compounds (2a-2i) showed potent cell-based antiproliferative activities in nanomolar concentrations. Among the compounds, 2a, 2b and 2e were the most active across three cancer cell lines. In addition, these compounds inhibited the polymerisation of tubulin in vitro more efficiently than CA-4. They caused cell cycle arrest in G 2 /M phase further confirming their ability to inhibit tubulin polymerisation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Insulinoma is a rare variety of endocrine neoplasm and is usually benign, solitary, and small in size. The hallmark of this disorder is high endogenous insulin secretion resulting in development of symptoms of hypoglycemia. Insulinomas account for 60% of islet cell tumors (ICT) of the pancreas. Ninety percent (90%) of the insulinomas measure less than 2cm. Early localization of the disease is essential to prevent lethal hypoglycemia. Here we report a case of insulinoma in a 28 year old female who subsequently underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy on February 2017 in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Hydatid disease is one of the diseases that have been discovered in the ancient times. Liver and lung are the most commonly affected organs, though it can involve any organs. Hydatid disease involving both the liver and the lung is reported about 10% of the cases. Here we report a case of 34 year old male presented with upper abdominal pain and intermittent fever for 3 months admitted in October 2016. His chest radiograph and computed tomography scan revealed large cystic lesion at right lung and another similar large lesion in the right lobe of liver. Echinococcus antibody was found positive. We treated him surgically. Histopathology reports confirmed concomitant hydatid cyst of both the lung and the liver.

Solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPT) of the pancreas are rare neoplasms of the pancreas accounting for only 1-2% of all pancreatic neoplasms, often detected initially on imaging. Its histogenesis is still uncertain and it has a low-grade malignant potential but excellent post-surgical curative rates and rare metastasis. Pathological and/or cytological evaluation still remains the gold standard in reaching a definitive diagnosis. It occurs most commonly in young females. We report a case of solid pseudopapillary tumor in the head of the pancreas in a 20 years old female admitted in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh on 5th December 2015. Whipple's operation was done as a definitive treatment.

Objectives: To determine the outcomes  of endoscopic dilatation of esophageal strictures in children., Methods: Children younger than 18 years of age diagnosed with esophageal strictures over a period of 7 years (June 2010 to June 2017) were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. The study took place at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The patients' clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, and details of the strictures, treatment, and outcomes were documented., Results: Forty-three children with esophageal strictures were identified (median age, 8.1 years; range, 2-17 years; 23 [53.5%] boys). The median age at presentation was 2 years (range, 1-16 years), and the median follow-up period was 3 years (range, one month-17 years). Tracheoesophageal fistula (n=14, 32.6%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (n=10, 23.3%) and eosinophilic esophagitis (n=8, 18.6%) were the leading causes of esophageal strictures. Forty-three patients underwent 180 dilatation sessions; the median number of dilatation sessions per patient was 3 (range, 1-48), and the median interval between sessions was 8 weeks (range, 1-24 weeks). Among 180 dilatation sessions, 3 events (1.7%) of esophageal perforation were observed. The outcomes varied depending on the primary cause of the stricture; complete response was achieved the best in eosinophilic esophagitis-related strictures (87.5%), followed by anastomotic strictures post tracheoesophageal fistula repair (71.4%) and gastroesophageal reflux disease-related strictures (70%)., Conclusion: Endoscopic dilatation is a safe and effective intervention in the management of esophageal strictures in children, with minimal complications when conducted by experts.

The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of living in Saudi Arabia on expatriate employees and their families' behavioural cardiovascular risk factors (BCVRFs), and to examine the association between changes in BCVRFs and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1437 individuals, aged ≥ 18 years, from King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We used the World Health Organization STEPS questionnaire to ask every participant questions about BCVRFs twice: (1) to reflect their period of living in Saudi Arabia and (2) to shed light upon life in their country of origin. Their mean age was 40.9 (11.7) years. The prevalence of BCVRFs was as follows: tobacco use in 156 (11%), physical inactivity in 1049 (73%) low intake of fruit and vegetables in 1264 (88%) and MetS in 378 (26%). Residing in Saudi Arabia had reduced physical activity and intake of fruit and vegetables. There was also a significant increase in the fast food consumption. In conclusion, living in Saudi Arabia had a significant negative effect on BCVRFs. However, there was no statistically significant association between changes in fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity and MetS status, except that intake of fast food was lower among participants with MetS.

Complete Annular pancreas (AP) is a rare congenital anomaly, often presented and operated at the early age of life. Adult presentation group usually presents with either biliary or duodenal or pancreatic symptoms. We report a case of 43 years old female presenting with concurrent enteric, biliary and pancreatic symptoms admitted on April 2016 in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department of BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A complete type of annular pancreas with partial duodenal stenosis and dilated common bile duct was observed during laparotomy. We performed gastrojejunostomy as well as hepaticojejunostomy (Roux-en-Y anastomosis). Patient was discharged in a good symptom free condition. Complete Annular Pancreas can present at any age, with any one or all of the biliary, pancreatic or duodenal symptoms. Surgery is the treatment of choice and has a good outcome.

Polycystic disease of the pancreas is very rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of 27 year old female presented with recurrent upper abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. Her ultrasonography of whole abdomen and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed polycystic pancreas associated with hepatic cysts. She underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy. Histological examination revealed typical features of polycystic pancreatic disease in the resected specimen. Previously two of her sisters and her mother were also diagnosed as cases of polycystic pancreatic disease and they all underwent operative treatments. Among them one of those sisters and her mother received treatment under our department in 2009 and 2014 accordingly.

Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) of the pancreas is a very rare neoplasm. We report a case of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma involving the uncinate process of the pancreas. A 45 year old man presented with a painful upper abdominal mass without any jaundice or weight loss. Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Cholangio-Pancreatography (MRCP) indicated a mass lesion in the uncinate process of the pancreas. He underwent Whipple's procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy). Histological slides revealed features of Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) in the uncinate process of the pancreas and a lymph node.

Obstructive jaundice due to advance malignancy is a fatal problem. It most commonly occurs at the distal common bile duct or at the hilum of liver. Magnetic Resonance Cholangio Pancreatography (MRCP) and Computed Tomography (CT) are most useful in identifying the underlying cause as well as localize the position of the stricture. For those patients with unresectable disease, progressive jaundice constitutes an immediate threat to their survival, in addition to significant loss to their quality of life secondary to pruritus, malaise and cholangitis. Effective and lasting decompression of the biliary tree is a priority and consists of positioning of a biliary endoprosthesis (stent). To observe the improvement of liver function, quality of life and survival after successful insertion of endoprosthesis (stenting) in malignant biliary obstruction, a study was performed in the department of surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2013 to August 2014, in 50 patients with clinically visible jaundice and unresectable disease. There were significant (p<0.001) reductions in the levels of serum bilirubin, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum SGPT and Prothrombin time from the time of admission to 2 weeks and 3 weeks after stenting. Physical and functional quality of life was greatly improved 2-4 weeks after stenting, where emotional quality remained the same throughout the study period. Successful palliation by stenting of malignant biliary obstruction is a priority to achieve improvements in liver function, quality of life and prolong survival. Endoscopic stent placement appears to be safe, well tolerated and can be offered without delay as a primary treatment option for all patients with unresectable malignant biliary lesion.

Objective: To compare anterior tension-free approach with posterior preperitoneal repair for complications and early recurrence., Design: A randomized clinical trial., Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Muzaffarabad and Rawalpindi, from March 1997 to December 2002., Patients and Methods: Sixty-seven patients with unilateral recurrent inguinal scrotal and irreducible hernias, were randomized to either anterior tension-free or posterior preperitoneal repair. Patients with primary inguinal hernia, patients with class11/111 obesity (BMI > 35) and ASA grade 3 and beyond were excluded. For posterior repair, preperitoneal space was entered through a transverse lower abdominal incision placed 3 cms above inguinal ligament. Anterior repair was done by standard Lichtenstein technique. Forty-two patients were operated under spinal anesthesia while 25 patients had general anesthesia. Follow-up was on 7th and 12th postoperative day, at third month, and then yearly for two years. Main outcome measures were postoperative pain and recovery; postoperative complications related to wound, testicles, sensory nerves; and recurrence., Results: Thirty-four patients had anterior tension-free hernioplasty while 33 patients had posterior preperitoneal repair. Mean operating time was longer for anterior preperitoneal repair as compared to posterior repair (70.1min vs. 62.6 min, p = 0.1). Pain score and hospital stay was same for both groups. Return to normal activity was not significantly different being 14.1 days for anterior and 13 days for posterior repair (p= 0.07). Heavy duties were also resumed after statistically non-significant interval, 34.6 days for anterior, and 33 days for posterior repair (p = 0.09). Complication rate in anterior hernioplasty group was 17.6% while in preperitoneal group it was 3% ( p=0.001). There was no recurrence in either group after a mean follow-up of 2 years., Conclusion: Open preperitoneal repair and anterior tension-free repair were equivalent in terms of postoperative pain, recovery and early recurrence rate. Considering fewer testicular complications with posterior repair, it should be the procedure of choice for repair of recurrent groin hernia in men.