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Green synthesis is an easy, safe, and environmentally beneficial nanoparticle creation method. It is a great challenge to simultaneously improve the capping and stabilizing agent carrier separation efficiency of photocatalysts. Herein, Zn-doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with high exposure of 360 nm using a UV/visible spectrophotometer were prepared via a one-step hydrothermal decomposition method. A detailed analysis reveals that the electronic structures were modulated by Zn doping; thus, the responsive wavelength was extended to 600 nm, which effectively improved the visible light absorption of TiO2. We have optimized the different parameters like concentration, time, and temperature. The peak for TiO2 is located at 600 cm-1 in FTIR. A scanning electron microscope revealed that TiO2 has a definite shape and morphology. The synthesized Zn-doped TiO2NPs were applied against various pathogens to study their anti-bacterial potentials. The anti-bacterial activity of Zn-doped TiO2 has shown robust against two gram-ve bacteria (Salmonella and Escherichia coli) and two gram + ve bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus). Synthesized Zn-doped TiO2 has demonstrated strong antifungal efficacy against a variety of fungi. Moreover, doping TiO2 nanoparticles with metal oxide greatly improves their characteristics; as a result, doped metal oxide nanoparticles perform better than doped and un-doped metal oxide nanoparticles. Compared to pure TiO2, Zn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit considerable applications including antimicrobial treatment and water purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gutmicrobiome is a heterogeneous population ofmicrobes comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Such a microbiome is essential for sustaining host equilibrium, and its impact on human health can be altered by a variety of factors such as external variables, social behavior, age, nutrition, and genetics. Gut microbes' imbalances are related to a variety of chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, and digestive disorders. Globally, recent findings show that intestinal microbes have a significant role in the formation of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is still the primary cause of fatalities. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, and some inherited variables are all cardiovascular risk variables. However, studies found correlations betweenmetabolism, intestinal flora, and dietary intake. Variations in the diversity of gut microbes and changes in their activity are thought to influence CVD etiology. Furthermore, the gut microbiota acts as an endocrine organ, producing bioactive metabolites such as TMA (trimethylamine)/TMAO (trimethylamine Noxide), SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), and bile acids, which have a substantial impact on host wellness and disease by multiple mechanisms. The purpose of this overview is to compile current evidence highlighting the intricate links between gut microbiota, metabolites, and the development of CVD. It focuses on how intestinal dysbiosis promotes CVD risk factors such as heart failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. This review explores the normal physiology of intestinal microbes and potential techniques for targeting gut bacteria for CVD treatment using various microbial metabolites. It also examines the significance of gut bacteria in disease treatment, including supplements, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotic therapies, and fecal transplantation, which is an innovative approach to the management of CVD. As a result, gut bacteria and metabolic pathways become increasingly attractive as potential targets for CVD intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current study aims to evaluate the susceptibility pattern of relatively older antibiotic Co-trimoxazole and its comparison with Levofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, and Fosfomycin. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan, and the Postgraduate Medical Education Department of Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar from April 2022 to September 2022. Both male and female patients, above the age of 15 years with recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections were included in the study. The samples were inoculated onto CLED (Cystine-Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficient) Agar, a differential culture medium. The grown bacteria were identified, using Gram staining and BIOMÉRIEUX® API® 10S kits. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by the Agar dilution method; as per standard protocol. The results were compared among Co-trimoxazole, Levofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, and Fosfomycin using statistical tests. Results: A total of 680 samples were received, of which 158 samples were culture-positive. The gender distribution of females and males was 63.3% and 36.7%, respectively. A predominant proportion of the patient cohort manifested within the age range of 21-40 years, with the subsequent highest representation observed in the 41-60 year age group. The isolated organisms were E. coli (74.1%), Klebsiella (10.8%), Pseudomonas (5.1%), Enterococci (6.3%), Proteus species (2.5%), and Citrobacter (1.3%). Based on MIC analysis, 77.2% of isolates were found to be sensitive to Co-trimoxazole, 52.5% to Levofloxacin, 86.7% to Nitrofurantoin, and 90.5% to Fosfomycin. When comparing antibiotics, Co-trimoxazole displayed significantly higher effectiveness against the isolates compared to Levofloxacin (p-value 0.004). However, in comparison to Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin, Co-trimoxazole exhibited lower effectiveness, with respective p-values of 0.000 and 0.007. Conclusion: The study revealed that the susceptibility of bacterial isolates to Co-trimoxazole is significantly higher than that to Levofloxacin but lower than that to Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluated the antifungal activity of honey samples collected from different locations at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK, Pakistan). Disc diffusion method was used to test the antifungal potential of twenty-one (branded, unbranded, and natural comb) honey samples from the different botanical origins at different concentrations (undiluted, 10%, 30%, and 50%, w/v) against Candida albicans and Rhodotorula species. Branded, unbranded, and natural comb honey samples generate different inhibition zones (4-13 mm, 5-15 mm, and 8-17 mm) against Rhodotorula species. Candida albicans showed resistance for all tested honey samples. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Candida albicans and Rhodotorula species were 53.33%-88.12% and 1.76%-90.22% for branded, 61.3% - 93.8% and 9.90% - 95.5% for unbranded, and 67.1%-96.8% and 6.39%-98.8% for natural comb honey. In conclusion, natural comb honey from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa may have antifungal therapeutic potential and could be a useful source for generating functional food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]