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This article explores the dynamics of nanofluids consisting of copper (TiO2) nanoparticles suspended in water, as they interact with sensor surfaces between two parallel squeezing plates with porous characteristics. This research specifically targets applications involving enhanced heat transfer and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) control in nanofluid systems. The primary aim is to analyze the effects of nanoparticle aggregation and non-aggregation on sensor surfaces, considering MHD formations and heat transfer in the energy and momentum equations. The research adopts a steady-state fluid condition and utilizes similarity transformations to convert partial differential equations into more manageable ordinary differential equations. The methodology involves shooting methods for solving these nonlinear ordinary differential equations and employs graphical analyses to study the impacts of various parameters such as permeability, magnetic influence, squeeze flow, and radiation on the temperature and velocity profiles of the nanofluid. The results reveal significant dependencies of temperature and velocity profiles on the studied parameters, illustrating varied behaviors in scenarios of both aggregation and non-aggregation of nanoparticles. The findings emphasize how each parameter distinctively influences the heat and flow characteristics of the nanofluid, offering insights into optimizing conditions for better performance and control in practical applications. Future research could focus on extending the model to include transient fluid states and exploring the effects of other nanoparticle materials and shapes. There is also potential to investigate the interactions under different environmental conditions and to incorporate more complex boundary conditions to simulate real-world applications more accurately. Further experimental validation of the theoretical predictions would be beneficial to enhance the reliability and applicability of the findings.

Application, Purpose, and Methodology: The Soret and Dufour effects, which are also referred to as cross-diffusion gradients, are advantageous to the manufacturing of binary alloys, the transmission of groundwater contamination, the extraction of oil, and the separation of gas. These are an example of a gradient, which occurs when substances diffuse over one another. The Dufour effect is responsible for the transfer of heat, whereas the Soret effect is concerned with the movement of materials. Both effects are caused by differences in concentration. Temperature differences are the link between the two effects. The Soret and Dufour statistics, in conjunction with the joule heating process, are utilized by us. Through the use of the convergent series, solutions for temperature, speed, and concentration are ultimately found. Core Findings: The findings of these investigations may give researchers engineering and industrial solutions that are unique and advantageous. The computation that is being done right now demonstrates that the sense of radial velocity diminishes as the Hartman number increases. In addition, the temperature of the fluid drops when there is a greater quantity of Prandtl and Soret than before. Methodology: Using the proper transformations, the numerical solution to the micropolar fluid flow problem over a curved stretched disk entails simplifying the partial differential equation system into an ordinary differential equation. This is done to solve the problem. In the process of converting partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, similarity transformations are utilized. During the shooting process, we use the Runge-Kutta method to solve coupled equations and obtain numerical solutions. By utilizing the nondimensional radius of curvature, we can determine the nondimensional radius of curvature and report the fluid. Future Work: When compared to flat sheets, curved stretched sheets exhibit differences that result in significant boundary layer strain. This is something that will be worked on in the future. Research in the future might concentrate on further investigating these distinctions and the practical ramifications they have, with the possibility of expanding the scope of the investigation to include a variety of engineering and industrial applications in which these effects play an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the complex environment of microgrid deployments targeted at geographic regions, the seamless integration of renewable energy sources meets a variety of essential challenges. These include the unpredictable nature of renewable energy, characterized by intermittent energy generation, as well as ongoing fluctuations in load demand, the vulnerabilities present in distribution network failures, and the unpredictability that results from unfavorable weather conditions. These unexpected events work together to disturb the delicate balance between energy supply and demand, raising the alarming threat of system instability and, in the worst cases, the sudden advent of damaging blackouts. To address this issue, a fuzzy logic-based energy management system has been developed to monitor, manage, and optimize energy consumption in microgrids. This study focuses on the control of diesel generators and utility grids in a grid-connected microgrid which manages and evaluates numerous energy consumption and distribution features within a specified system, e.g., building or a microgrid. An energy management system is suggested based on fuzzy logic as a swift fix for complications with effective and competent resource management, and its presentation is compared with both the grid-connected and off-grid modes of the microgrid. In the end, the results exhibit that the proposed controller outclasses the predictable controllers in dropping sudden variations that arise during the addition of sources of renewable energy, supporting the refurbishment of the constant system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Problem: The importance of improving the temperature properties of commonly used fluids in industrial processes is being addressed in this research. Nanofluids, which are composed of extremely small particles dispersed in common liquids such as water or petrol, are the main subject of this area of study. Using a vertically stretchable surface subjected to thermal radiation, the study examines the heat transfer behavior and efficiency of nanofluids.Methodology: Nanofluids that convey heat are studied by applying the fundamental rules of fluid physics to the variables that control their motion. To measure the amount of energy transferred, a nanofluid model is used. Similarity transformations are used to convert the system’s differential equations into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The subsequent set of nonlinear ODEs is solved using numerical methods. Utilizing graphical analysis, patterns of velocity and temperature may be seen, and their responses to changes in other parameters can be investigated.Implications: This research has important implications for our knowledge of how nanofluids act in heat transfer applications, especially when exposed to thermal radiation and working with vertically stretchy surfaces. The effects of flow direction and thermal conductivity on distributions of velocity and temperature were elucidated, among other important results. More effective heating and cooling systems may be possible as a result of these findings, which have consequences for improving heat transfer processes in industrial environments.Future Work: To better understand how nanofluids behave in heat transfer applications, future studies might investigate more complicated situations and boundary circumstances. It may be possible to optimize nanofluid formulations by studying the impact of various nanoparticle kinds and concentrations on heat transfer efficiency. Research could be more applicable to real-world industrial processes if the numerical results were experimentally validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application: This study focuses on the analysis of nanofluids, which are suspensions of nanoparticles in standard fluid transfer systems. The investigation specifically examines the behavior of nanoparticles over a deformable surface. Purpose and Methodology: Thermal radiation and magnetohydrodynamic forms are incorporated into the energy and momentum equations, respectively. Basic fluid mechanics principles are employed to derive the governing flow equations. The use of similarity transforms facilitates the transformation of ordinary differential equations into partial differential equations. Nonlinear ordinary differential equations are then reduced to a set of initial value problems using the shooting technique. Core Findings: Numerical results are obtained for the thermal profile. The study indicates thermal optimization through the combined inclusion of water with alumina and polymers with copper oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Graphical analysis explores the absorption of parameters in velocity and temperature profiles. Future Work: Future research could delve deeper into the optimization of thermal properties and investigate additional nanoparticle combinations. Further exploration of the effects of different surface deformations and variations in fluid properties could also be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application: The impact of flow, heat transfer, and magneto hydrodynamics on sensor surfaces between two parallel compressing plates with porous walls has been examined in this study. This study focuses on understanding unsteady compressed flow in two dimensions, utilizing Aluminum oxide, copper oxide, and titanium dioxide with base fluid polymers as the base fluid. Nanofluids, known as nanometer suspensions in traditional nanoscale fluid transfer, are explored for their potential application in improving lubricative and cooling properties. Purpose and methodology: This study aims to investigate the behavior of a tri-hybrid nanofluid (Aluminum oxide, copper oxide, and titanium dioxide with base fluid polymers) in terms of flow dynamics, heat transfer, and magneto hydrodynamics. Energy and momentum equations, considering magneto hydrodynamic forms and heat transfer, are analyzed. The study employs numerical methods, including similarity transforms and a shooting approach, to solve the governing equations. Core findings: Several parameters, including permeable parameter, magnetic parameter, squeeze flow index parameter, volume fraction by nanoparticles, and radiation parameter, are investigated for their effects on temperature profile and velocity profile. The study illustrates these effects graphically and discusses the influence of these parameters on different components of velocity and temperature fields. Additionally, the impact of the radiation parameter (R) on temperature fields is examined for both positive. Future work: Future research may focus on further optimizing the tri-hybrid nanofluid composition for specific applications, exploring additional parameters that may affect flow behavior, heat transfer, and entropy generation. Additionally, experimental validation of the numerical findings and the development of more advanced numerical techniques for solving complex fluid dynamics problems could be the areas of interest for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross‐diffusion gradients, such as the Soret and Dufour effects, play a big role in the formation of binary alloys, the movement of oil and groundwater contaminants, and the separation of gas mixtures. Other applications where cross‐diffusion gradients are useful include: Temperature fluctuations cause matter diffusion, known as Soret effects. Concentration gradients drive heat diffusion, or the Dufour effect. This effect is named after its French discoverer. These findings could be applied to many engineering and industrial contexts and have many intriguing and potentially useful effects. Joule heating unites Soret and Dufour's work. The traditional nonlinear differential approach yields enough permutations. Convergent series can be used to solve temperature, velocity, and concentration problems. These changes can occur in temperature, velocity, or concentration. The drawings clarify all about the system's most important qualities and components. A comprehensive analysis of the Nusselt and Sherwood values is also done. After graphing the Nusselt and Sherwood values, they are analyzed. We are discussing computer science. This study found that Hartman number increases reduce one's perception of radial velocity. As Prandtl and Soret molecules increase, fluid temperature decreases. In this study, we employ numerical methods to solve the micropolar fluid flow problem on a stretched and curved disk. Our methods allow us to model fluid flow in three dimensions. We focus on micropolar fluid flow. Applying the necessary transformations to a set of partial differential equations simplifies it into a set of ordinary differential equations. The equations in both sets are transformed using similarities to convert one set of partial differential equations into another set of ordinary differential equations. The gunshot method and the Runge–Kutta algorithm can solve coupled equations numerically. The nondimensional radius of curvature can quantify and characterize many physical phenomena. Strain, microrotation velocity, and fluid velocity are examples. Due to the variances between curved and flat stretched sheets, the border layer strain cannot be neglected. Due to differences in stretching sheets, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel asymmetric delta‐type and Spoke‐type interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (ASD‐IPM) is proposed for electric vehicles (EVs) application that uses the magnetic field shifting technique to maximise the average torque and lessen torque ripples. The proposed ASD‐IPM is deduced from the conventional asymmetric spoke and V‐shape IPM by attaching additional asymmetric flux barriers (AFB) to the left side of the spoke‐type PMs and to the other side of the delta‐type PMs. This configuration helps in reducing the leakage flux and achieving good flux concentration. The proposed design is optimised through a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to investigate the electromagnetic performances at no‐load and on‐load conditions. Also, the efficiency maps of both the proposed design and conventional design are analysed and compared. The results show that the proposed ASD‐AIPM has superior efficiency and a favorable torque profile, making it a suitable choice for electric vehicle applications. Furthermore, the proposed design is rescaled to the Toyota Prius 2010 design, with the only change in the slot/pole pair combination due to the presence of spoke‐PMs in the proposed design. The proposed ASD‐IPM achieves 7% higher torque than the existing Toyota Prius 2010 model. The efficiency maps of the rescaled design are also analysed and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research work, the two-dimensional (2D), incompressible fluid flow has been taken into consideration. The flow is supposed to be steady and laminar. By considering the water-based nanoparticles of SWCNTs and MWCNTs in the presence of thermal radiation, the rate of heat transferring and entropy generation effects in a regenerative cooling system of a rocket engine are evaluated. The effects of the length and radius of the nanomaterials on the problem are also considered. Solutions for temperature, velocity profile, irreversibility (entropy generation) and the Bejan number are discussed graphically, and the effects of various significant factors are considered on these profiles. The modeled physical problems in current exploration are dependent upon governing laws which appear in terms of PDEs. These PDEs are reformed into a system of nonlinear ODEs. We used numerical scheme known as (RK-4) in combination with the shooting iteration technique to obtain the solutions to transformed fluid flow equations, because the resultant ODEs are extremely nonlinear and finding the exact solution is very difficult. It is investigated that the Eckert number, nanoparticles volume fraction and radiation parameter upsurge the thermal field as well as the irreversibility of the system. Furthermore, the dual behavior of nanoparticles volume fraction and viscosity parameter on velocity profile is observed. Bejan number shows increasing effects in response to nanoparticles volume fraction and radiation parameter, whereas a reverse impact of Bejan number is noticed for the rising values of Eckert number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]