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Three-dimensional imaging methods have an important role in the diagnosis of dentomaxillofacial fractures that can not be seen on the plain films. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is one of the three-dimensional imaging methods and has facilitated dental professionals' access to cross-sectional imaging. CBCT units allow different technical parameters and the data acquired by CBCT, can be reformatted. Osseous structures are correctly examined with this technique but the technique is not useful for the examination of soft tissues. Therefore, the purpose of its use should be based on the expected diagnostic gain. The aim of this review is to present the use of CBCT with different multi-planar reformatted sections and three-dimensional reconstructions of dentoalveolar and mandibular fractures.

This study was for comparing the accuracy of processed digital images (reverse-contrast and colorization) with that of unprocessed digital images in detection of external root resorption (ERR). Eighty single-rooted human teeth were selected for this study. Mild, moderate, and severe ERR were simulated on 20 teeth each, and 20 were left untreated. Digital images using the paralleling technique were made, and three types of images were finally produced: unprocessed, reverse-contrast, and colorized. Three experienced dentists examined the images. The Wilson confidence intervals were calculated to analyze the diagnostic data. The kappa statistic was used to determine interobserver agreement. For unprocessed images, the rate of correct classification of mild and moderate to severe ERR was 88.3 and 80.0 %, respectively. The corresponding rate for reverse-contrast images was 81.7 and 80.0 %, and that for colorized images was 93.3 and 80.0 %, respectively. The sensitivity of unprocessed images in the detection of mild and moderate to severe ERR was 0.93 and 0.84, respectively. The corresponding sensitivity for reverse-contrast images was 0.83 and 0.84, and that for colorized images was 0.93 and 0.84, respectively. The specificity of unprocessed, reverse-contrast, and colorized images was 0.90, 0.92, and 1.00, respectively. The kappa coefficient for interobserver agreement was 0.86 for unprocessed images, 0.88 for reverse-contrast images, and 0.89 for colorized images. The difference between the sensitivity and specificity of unprocessed, reverse-contrast, and colorized images was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The three techniques were of similar and desirable accuracy in detection of ERR.

Introduction nbsp Impacted teeth may be non functional abnormal or pathologic and the etiology of impaction depends on several factors The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the age and gender of the patient side eruption angulation and level of impaction of mandibular third molars M Ms and the prevalence of distal caries lesions in mandibular second molars M Ms at the same side eruption Methods nbsp In this retrospective panoramic radiographs acquired over three year rsquo s period were screened Inclusion criterion was the presence of an erupted M M and an impacted M M in the same quadrant The radiographs were evaluated by two observers on the presence of M M distal caries lesions Shiller and Pell Gregory classifications were used to assess the angulation and degree of impaction of the M Ms respectively Chi Square tests and a logistic regression model were used for data evaluation Results nbsp M M M M were evaluated The prevalence of distal caries lesions on M M was n Gender age and side did not influence p and respectively the prevalence of caries lesions The level and the angle of impaction were significantly relevant p lt Using A as the reference for impaction level M Ms next to B M Ms presented less caries lesions odds ratio of p Horizontal M Ms seemed to present an increased risk of caries on the M Ms p lt Discussion The caries prevalence seems to be significantly influenced by the positioning of the impaction When deciding on the prophylactic removal of M Ms this issue should also be considered

Background: Stafne bone cavities (SBCs) are typically seen on panoramic radiographs as unilocular, rounded or ovoid shaped, well-defined corticated radiolucencies that are located between the mandibular first molar and the angle of the mandible below the inferior alveolar canal, but they may rarely have different radiographic appearances and locations. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the imaging features of SBC presenting various typical and atypical features and to show the contribution of different imaging techniques to diagnosis. Patients and Methods: Seventeen patients who had a panoramic radiograph that revealed an image compatible with SBC were investigated in this study. In addition to panoramic radiography, lateral oblique mandible projection for three patients, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for nine patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for two patients were performed to determine the exact location of the cavity and to confirm the diagnosis. Results: Seventeen patients were diagnosed with SBC. Two patients had bilobed SBC, one patient had a SBC on the buccal surface of the posterior mandible, one patient had a SBC located in the ramus mandible, one patient had a SBC located in the canine-premolar region namely anterior lingual variant as rare conditions. Conclusion: Imaging techniques such as CBCT and MRI have provided detailed information about definitive diagnosis of SBC in addition to panoramic radiographs. These techniques show the size, location and content of the SBC. If the SBC is atypical, complementary imaging techniques gain more importance.

The mandibular second premolar is highly variable developmentally. Agenesis, abnormal tooth germ position, distal inclination of the developing tooth, and impaction are among the reported developmental anomalies. Detection of pathologic lesions associated with an impacted tooth usually requires removal of the tooth and the lesion. The purpose of the present report was to describe the radiographic and histopathologic features of a case of pericoronal radiolucency associated with an impacted mandibular premolar tooth.

Subpontic osseous hyperplasia (SOH) is an ectopic growth of bone occurring on the edentulous ridge beneath a fixed partial denture. The aim of this article is to present three patients with SOH with long-term follow-up and to make a current overview of the literature. Presented maxillary SOH is the second case in the dental literature. Intraorally the lesions were bone-hard and painless swellings in the subpontic space. Radiographically, the maxillary case was a nodular bone growth having similar radiodensity and trabeculation to the adjacent bone with a thin radiopaque border. Mandibular cases were bony growths, which were more radiopaque than the adjacent alveolar ridge. Follow-up radiographs revealed regression in two of the cases. Clinicians should take care not to cause the possible etiologies of SOH such as functional stresses and chronic irritation by the prosthetic treatments and be aware of SOH does not usually require treatment or a biopsy.

Survival rates for oral cancer are very poor, at approximately 50% overall, and have not improved markedly in recent decades despite advances in therapeutic interventions. Detecting oral cancer at an early stage is believed to be the most effective means of reducing rates of death, morbidity and disfigurement from this disease. Tobacco and alcohol consumption and pre-malign lesions are the most common aetiological factors. The proportion of patients presenting with oral cancer at an advanced stage is troubling. Early diagnosis is the most effective way of reducing the individual burden of the disease, decreasing morbidity and mortality and improving quality of life. For early diagnosis, healthcare providers should perform oral cancer examinations as part of their patient care regime, and need to be knowledgeable about early signs of oral carcinoma. Oral cancer awareness among the public should also be improved.

The objective of this study was to investigate the cystic changes in radiographically normal follicles associated with impacted lower third molars (ILTM). The relation between the cystic changes and both the angular position and the contact of ILTM with the adjacent tooth was also evaluated.Follicular spaces of patients who were referred to our clinic for removal of ILTM for a variety of reasons were measured from panoramic radiographs by each author independently. Pericoronal tissues of radiographically normal impacted third molars were examined histopathologically. Then the data were analyzed for associations with age, sex, angular position, and contact of the ILTM with the second molar.There were 30 male and 64 female patients, ages ranging from 14 to 45 years (mean = 21.11). Forty-seven (50%) of the 94 specimens showed cystic changes as the only pathological condition other than inflammation. Most of the cystic changes occurred in the 20-25 year age range. The relation between cystic changes and angular position was statistically significant (chi 2 = 7.46, P.05). The higher probability of cystic changes was found in the vertically positioned ILTM. The relation between the cystic changes and communication of ILTM with the second molar was not statistically significant (chi 2 = 2.068, P.05).Cystic changes may be encountered in the histopathologic examination of asymptomatic third molars, especially in patients older than 20 years. Vertically positioned ILTM especially may be suspected for the higher possibility of cystic changes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of detectable endodontically related lesions as determined from the reports of panoramic radiographs in a Turkish subpopulation. Materials and Methods: There were 19,625 reports of panoramic radiographs that were evaluated. Four investigators assessed the radiographs and reports that had been written. For each tooth of the subjects, the following items were surveyed: presence of periapical lesion, inadequate root canal treatment, external and internal root resorption. Results: The patients who had panoramic radiography reports were between the ages of 3 and 91 years (mean age 29,43 ± 18,83 years). 10,941 (56%) were female and 8684 (44%) were male patients. Inadequate root canal treatment was recorded in 588 (3%) radiography reports and it was more frequent in mandibular molar teeth. 2287 (11.7%) of the patients had periapical lesions and it was more frequent in maxillary incisor teeth and mandibular molar teeth. External resorption was observed in 61 (0.3%) patient records, while internal root resorption was reported in 14 (0.1%) reports. 81 inadequate root-filled teeth presented a periapical lesion. A positive strong linear correlation was found between the presence of inadequate root canal treatment and a periapical lesion among the patients (r = 0.098, P = 0.000). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that external and internal root resorption were not frequent clinical conditions. The high frequency of periapical lesions and inadequate canal treatment in molar teeth indicate the need to improve the technical quality of root fillings, especially in molar teeth.

Dacryolith is a concretion within the nasolacrimal system. Dacryoliths may cause intermittent epiphora without inflammation, or recurrent dacryocystitis may develop. In this report, we present two patients with dacryoliths. The first patient had presented with a complaint of swelling and epiphora and had been told that she had lacrimal canal obstruction. This patient was unaware of the cause of obliteration and was asymptomatic. The second patient complained of headache, eye swelling and inflammation; dacryolith was diagnosed by clinical examination and dacryocystography. Dacryoliths were detected on the panoramic radiographs as small, rounded, radiopaque calcifications located in the inner aspect of the medial wall of the orbit. The image of dacryoliths must be differentiated from radiographic artefacts and foreign objects, and it is important to recognize dacryoliths on panoramic radiographs and to refer the patients for medical care, if necessary.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Internet access and use among dental school outpatients to evaluate the type of information they seek and their views regarding health- related information. A total of 400 consecutive outpatients were surveyed. A questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics and Internet use. Users were asked about the frequency and location of their Internet access. Access to health- related information and medical and dental topics of interest was recorded. Participants expressed their opinions on the usefulness of the information and the improvements that might be needed. A total of 33.0% of the participants were Internet users. Those in the 15- to 24- year age group were male, unmarried, and at school and were much more likely to use the Internet than their counterparts. Twelve percent of the users were seeking online health information. Dental information was sought by 16.7% ( n = 8) of online health seekers. Those in the 25- to 34- year age group were married, employed, and who have a university degree and were much more likely to seek health information on the Internet than their counterparts. Currently, persons seeking online health information in this population in Turkey are a small minority. It is important to respond to the specific health needs of the Internet users to post accurate information.

Initial oral signs of multiple myeloma may involve pain, paraesthesia, swelling, tooth mobility and radiolucency. A 62-year-old female patient presented with the chief complaint of numbness in the right lower jaw. Intraoral examination revealed no abnormalities and her history was non-contributory. A panoramic radiograph revealed an irregular, small radiopacity in the premolar region and small, multiple and diffuse osteolytic alterations in the mandible. Computed tomography revealed maxillary and mandibular cortical destruction. An incisional biopsy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was plasma cell myeloma and further investigations lead to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Dysfunction of a nerve coursing through diseased bone is an ominous sign and may be an indication that a malignant process is present.

In this study, 4500 consecutive panoramic radiographs were prospectively reviewed. The incidence of canine impaction was found to be 3.58% and the incidence of canine transmigration was 0.31%. There were six maxillary and eight mandibular transmigrant canines. The incidence of impacted canine teeth and transmigration of maxillary and mandibular canines may be more frequent than was previously thought, at least in some populations.

Multiple impacted teeth may be related to syndromes and metabolic disorders. In some cases, however, impaction of multiple teeth is not accompanied by a fixed complex of symptoms. A 55-year-old woman attended our clinic, as she was not comfortable with her prosthetic appliances because of erupted teeth. Panoramic and occlusal radiographs revealed 13 impacted teeth (12 permanent and 1 deciduous) in the maxilla and 15 impacted teeth (11 permanent and 4 deciduous) in the mandible. In total the patient had 28 impacted teeth. In our case, medical and family history and extraoral examination were not suggestive of any syndrome or metabolic disorder. In conclusion, radiographic examination may reveal multiple impactions in clinical absence of teeth. Lack of eruptive force and rotation of tooth buds may cause multiple impactions and additional examinations may be necessary to exclude systemic and metabolic conditions.

The aim of this study was to investigate interexaminer and intraexaminer agreement in the replacement decision for Class I amalgam restorations. Three examiners evaluated the restorations clinically and with bitewing radiographs. One hundred and twelve restorations were evaluated for secondary caries, body fracture, deficient anatomic form (contour), ditched margins, and marginal overhangs. After one month, the assessments were repeated by the same examiners under the same conditions. Cohen's Kappa analysis was used to analyze the data. The number of replacement decisions varied from 12 to 27 and from 6 to 14 at the first and second evaluations, respectively. The Kappa statistics indicated "moderate" to "substantial" consistency for interexaminer and intraexaminer agreement in the replacement decisions based on clinical and radiographical examinations. Restorations with deficient anatomic form and marginal overhangs presented the most frequent diagnostic difficulties and lead to disagreement among examiners. The most frequently mentioned reasons for replacement were the restorations had ditched margins at both clinical evaluation periods and secondary caries was detected during radiographical evaluations. In the absence of agreement among examiners, clinical and radiographic guidelines are necessary for replacing Class I amalgam restorations.

Pre-eruptive migration of a tooth across the midline is termed "transmigration". This condition has not been reported for teeth other than mandibular canines. Bilateral transmigration is extremely rare, and associated pathological lesions are also reported. The aim of this report is to present the first case of maxillary canine transmigration as well as additional cases of transmigrated mandibular canines, with special emphasis on their classification.

Cervical lymph node calcification is usually asymptomatic and may be found on a routine panoramic survey. Such calcifications in tuberculosis occur most often after caseation of the node or after treatment. Our patient had lymph node tuberculosis about 50 years ago. On the panoramic radiograph, several massive, irregular, radiopaque masses were detected. These masses were regarded as submandibular cervical lymph node calcifications. We suggest that lymph node tuberculosis may have been due to ingesting milk infected with Mycobacterium bovis, and that both the delay in the diagnosis and the successful treatment was the cause of lymph node calcification.

Objectives: To assess dental patients’ oralcancer awareness, and attitudes and preferencestowards having a screening with a fluorescencevisualization device.Materials and Methods:In this crosssectional, descriptive study, a questionnaireconsisting of 20 questions was administered to 50dental patients aged eighteen and over. The firstpart of the questionnaire included questions aboutthe socio-demographic features of the patients; thecauses, signs and symptoms, diagnosis andtreatment of oral cancer. After informing all theparticipants about the method, patients whoaccepted to do so, were examined using thefluorescence visualization device. The second partof the questionnaire included questions on attituesand preferences towards oral cancer screening.Frequency distribution test was used in statisticalanalysis.Results: Fourty-four percent of the studyparticipants had never heard of oral cancer.Smoking was the most frequently identified causeand sore in the mouth was the most frequentlyidentified symptom. Only eight percent of the studyparticipants had heard of oral cancer screening witha fluorescence visualization device. Eighty-fourpercent of the participants accepted to have ascreening. Patients would accept to be scheduledfor follow-up (96%), or biopsy (84%) if a suspectedlesion is detected.Conclusions: Patients seem generally unawareof oral cancer and oral cancer screening butattitudes to screening were positive. We need to usethis information to increase oral cancer awarenessand to facilitate early detection., Amaç: Hastaların ağız kanseri konusundaki bilgi düzeyini ve bir floresans görüntüleme cihazı ile tarama yapılması ile ilgili görüş ve tercihlerini değerlendirmek.Gereç ve yöntem: Bu kesitsel, tanımlayıcı çalışmada on sekiz yaş ve üstündeki 50 hastaya 20 soruluk bir anket uygulandı. Anketin ilk bölümünde hastaların sosyo-demografik özellikleri; ağız kanserinin nedenleri, bulgu ve belirtileri, teşhis ve tedavisi ile ilgili sorular bulunmaktaydı. Bütün hastalar yöntemle ilgili olarak bilgilendirildikten sonra, kabul eden hastalara tarama yapıldı. Anketin ikinci kısmı ağız kanseri taraması ile ilgili görüş ve tercihleri ile ilgili sorular içermekteydi. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede frekans dağılım testinden yararlanıldı.Bulgular: Çalışma grubunun yüzde kırk dördü ağız kanserinden haberdar değildi. Neden olarak sigara içilmesi ve belirti olarak ağızda yara en sık verilen cevaptı. Hastaların yalnızca yüzde sekizi floresans görüntüleme cihazı ile yapılan taramayı duymuştu. Katılımcıların yüzde seksen dördü kendilerine tarama yapılmasını kabul etti. Şüpheli bir lezyona rastlandığında hastalar kontrole gelmeyi (%96) veya biyopsi yapılmasını (%84) kabul edeceklerini belirtmişti.Sonuç: Hastalar genel olarak ağız kanserinden haberdar değildir fakat taramaya karşı tutumları olumludur. Elde edilen bulgulardan ağız kanseri farkındalığını artırmak ve erken tespitini kolaylaştırmak için yararlanılması önerilebilir.

This report describes a 31-year-old female patient with six impacted teeth. The crowns of the impacted teeth were surrounded with cyst-like lesions with a mixed internal structure and well-defined cortical borders. Microscopic examination of the specimen obtained from the follicle of the left mandibular third molar tooth revealed loose to moderately dense collagenous connective tissue with abundant calcified material and sparse epithelial islands. A diagnosis of multiple calcifying hyperplastic dental follicles was made. © 2013 by Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.