15 results on '"Ulises Magaña"'
Search Results
2. Differential Pathogenic Gene Expression of E. histolytica in Patients with Different Clinical Forms of Amoebiasis
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Enrique González-Rivas, Miriam Nieves-Ramírez, Ulises Magaña, Patricia Morán, Liliana Rojas-Velázquez, Eric Hernández, Angélica Serrano-Vázquez, Oswaldo Partida, Horacio Pérez-Juárez, and Cecilia Ximénez
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Entamoeba histolytica ,amebic liver abscess ,genital amoebiasis ,quantitative polymerase chain reaction ,pathogenic genes ,differential expression ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The etiological agent of human amoebiasis is the protozoan parasite E. histolytica; the disease is still an endemic infection in some countries and the outcome of infection in the host infection can range from asymptomatic intestinal infection to intestinal or liver invasive forms of the disease. The invasive character of this parasite is multifactorial and mainly due to the differential expression of multiple pathogenic genes. The aim of the present work was to measure the differential expression of some genes in different specimens of patients with amoebic liver abscess (ALA) and specimens of genital amoebiasis (AG) by RT-qPCR. Results show that the expression of genes is different in both types of samples. Almost all studied genes were over expressed in both sets of patients; however, superoxide dismutase (Ehsod), serine threonine isoleucine rich protein (Ehstirp), peroxiredoxin (Ehprd) and heat shock protein 70 and 90 (Ehhsp-70, EHhsp-90) were higher in AG biopsies tissue. Furthermore, cysteine proteinases 5 and 2 (Ehcp5, Ehcp2), lectin (Ehgal/galnaclectin) and calreticulin (Ehcrt) genes directly associate with pathogenic mechanisms of E. histolytica had similar over expression in both AG and ALA samples. In summary the results obtained show that trophozoites can regulate the expression of their genes depending on stimuli or environmental conditions, in order to regulate their pathogenicity and ensure their survival in the host.
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- 2020
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3. Correction: Differential expression of pathogenic genes of Entamoeba histolytica vs E. dispar in a model of infection using human liver tissue explants.
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Cecilia Ximénez, Enrique González, Miriam Nieves, Ulises Magaña, Patricia Morán, Marco Gudiño-Zayas, Oswaldo Partida, Eric Hernández, Liliana Rojas-Velázquez, Ma Carmen García de León, and Héctor Maldonado
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181962.].
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- 2019
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4. Entamoeba histolytica Calreticulin Induces the Expression of Cytokines in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Isolated From Patients With Amebic Liver Abscess
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Enrique Gonzalez Rivas, Cecilia Ximenez, Miriam Enriqueta Nieves-Ramirez, Patricia Moran Silva, Oswaldo Partida-Rodríguez, Eric Hernandez Hernandez, Liliana Rojas Velázquez, Angelica Serrano Vázquez, and Ulises Magaña Nuñez
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amebic liver abscess ,calreticulin ,Entamoeba histolytica ,mitogen ,proliferation index ,interleukins ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a highly conserved protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that plays important roles in the regulation of key cellular functions. Little is known about the participation of E. histolytica CRT (EhCRT) in the processes of pathogenicity or in the modulation of the host immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CRT in the proliferation and the cytokine profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with amebic liver abscess (ALA) during the acute phase (AP-ALA) of the disease compared to patients during the resolution phase (R-ALA). The PBMCs from each participant were cocultured with EhCRT and tested by the colorimetric method to evaluate their proliferation index (PI). The supernatants were subjected to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the concentration of cytokines. The mean values of all groups were compared using the independent t-test. When the PIs of individuals without diagnosis of liver abscess (NEG) were compared, there were no statistically significant differences in the proliferation of PBMCs between patients with AP-ALA and R-ALA when stimulated with EhCRT or concanavalin A (ConA). However, the levels of interleukins [IL-6, IL-10, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)] were higher in patients with AP-ALA, whereas in patients with R-ALA, higher levels of interferon gamma (IFNγ) were detected. These results suggest that EhCRT acts as a mitogen very similar to the activity of ConA. In addition, EhCRT is an excellent immunogen for the specific activation of PBMCs, inducing the differential expression of ILs depending on the outcome of disease, determining the type of immune response: a Th2 cytokine profile during the acute phase and a Th1 profile during the resolution phase.
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- 2018
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5. Differential expression of pathogenic genes of Entamoeba histolytica vs E. dispar in a model of infection using human liver tissue explants.
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Cecilia Ximénez, Enrique González, Miriam Nieves, Ulises Magaña, Patricia Morán, Marco Gudiño-Zayas, Oswaldo Partida, Eric Hernández, Liliana Rojas-Velázquez, Ma Carmen García de León, and Héctor Maldonado
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
We sought to establish an ex vivo model for examining the interaction of E. histolytica with human tissue, using precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) from donated organs. E. histolytica- or E. dispar-infected PCLS were analyzed at different post-infection times (0, 1, 3, 24 and 48 h) to evaluate the relation between tissue damage and the expression of genes associated with three factors: a) parasite survival (peroxiredoxin, superoxide dismutase and 70 kDa heat shock protein), b) parasite virulence (EhGal/GalNAc lectin, amoebapore, cysteine proteases and calreticulin), and c) the host inflammatory response (various cytokines). Unlike E. dispar (non-pathogenic), E. histolytica produced some damage to the structure of hepatic parenchyma. Overall, greater expression of virulence genes existed in E. histolytica-infected versus E. dispar-infected tissue. Accordingly, there was an increased expression of EhGal/GalNAc lectin, Ehap-a and Ehcp-5, Ehcp-2, ehcp-1 genes with E. histolytica, and a decreased or lack of expression of Ehcp-2, and Ehap-a genes with E. dispar. E. histolytica-infected tissue also exhibited an elevated expression of genes linked to survival, principally peroxiredoxin, superoxide dismutase and Ehhsp-70. Moreover, E. histolytica-infected tissue showed an overexpression of some genes encoding for pro-inflammatory interleukins (ILs), such as il-8, ifn-γ and tnf-α. Contrarily, E. dispar-infected tissue displayed higher levels of il-10, the gene for the corresponding anti-inflammatory cytokine. Additionally, other genes were investigated that are important in the host-parasite relationship, including those encoding for the 20 kDa heat shock protein (HSP-20), the AIG-1 protein, and immune dominant variable surface antigen, as well as for proteins apparently involved in mechanisms for the protection of the trophozoites in different environments (e.g., thioredoxin-reductase, oxido-reductase, and 9 hypothetical proteins). Some of the hypothetical proteins evidenced interesting overexpression rates, however we should wait to their characterization. This finding suggest that the present model could be advantageous for exploring the complex interaction between trophozoites and hepatocytes during the development of ALA, particularly in the initial stages of infection.
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- 2017
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- View/download PDF
6. Prevalent HLA Class II Alleles in Mexico City Appear to Confer Resistance to the Development of Amebic Liver Abscess.
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Eric G Hernández, Julio Granados, Oswaldo Partida-Rodríguez, Olivia Valenzuela, Edgar Rascón, Ulises Magaña, Mónica Escamilla-Tilch, Alberto López-Reyes, Miriam Nieves-Ramírez, Enrique González, Patricia Morán, Liliana Rojas, Alicia Valadez, Alexandra Luna, Francisco J Estrada, Carmen Maldonado, and Cecilia Ximénez
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Amebiasis is an endemic disease and a public health problem throughout Mexico, although the incidence rates of amebic liver abscess (ALA) vary among the geographic regions of the country. Notably, incidence rates are high in the northwestern states (especially Sonora with a rate of 12.57/100,000 inhabitants) compared with the central region (Mexico City with a rate of 0.69/100,000 inhabitants). These data may be related to host genetic factors that are partially responsible for resistance or susceptibility. Therefore, we studied the association of the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles with resistance or susceptibility to ALA in two Mexican populations, one each from Mexico City and Sonora. Ninety ALA patients were clinically diagnosed by serology and sonography. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To establish the genetic identity of both populations, 15 short tandem repeats (STRs) were analyzed with multiplexed PCR, and the allelic frequencies of HLA were studied by PCR-SSO using LUMINEX technology. The allele frequencies obtained were compared to an ethnically matched healthy control group (146 individuals). We observed that both affected populations differed genetically from the control group. We also found interesting trends in the population from Mexico City. HLA-DQB1*02 allele frequencies were higher in ALA patients compared to the control group (0.127 vs 0.047; p= 0.01; pc= NS; OR= 2.9, 95% CI= 1.09-8.3). The less frequent alleles in ALA patients were HLA-DRB1*08 (0.118 vs 0.238 in controls; p= 0.01; pc= NS; OR= 0.42, 95% CI= 0.19-0.87) and HLA-DQB1*04 (0.109 vs 0.214; p= 0.02; pc= NS; OR= 0.40, 95% CI= 0.20-0.94). The haplotype HLA-DRB1*08/-DQB1*04 also demonstrated a protective trend against the development of this disease (0.081 vs. 0.178; p=0.02; pc=NS; OR= 0.40, 95% CI= 0.16-0.93). These trends suggest that the prevalent alleles in the population of Mexico City may be associated with protection against the development of ALA.
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- 2015
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7. Exposure to Parasitic Protists and Helminths Changes the Intestinal Community Structure of Bacterial Communities in a Cohort of Mother-Child Binomials from a Semirural Setting in Mexico
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Liliana Rojas-Velázquez, Marie-Claire Arrieta, Cecilia Ximénez, Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe, B. Brett Finlay, Miriam Nieves-Ramírez, Laura Wegener Parfrey, Enrique González, Javier Torres, Edgar Rascon, Ulises Magaña, Patricia Morán, Eric Hernández, Alicia Valadez-Salazar, Eric M. Brown, Oswaldo Partida-Rodriguez, and Lisa Thorson
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Adult ,Rural Population ,Adolescent ,Population ,Mothers ,parasites ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,16S sequencing ,Cohort Studies ,Feces ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,eukaryotes ,children ,18S sequencing ,Helminths ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,parasitic diseases ,microbiota ,Animals ,Humans ,Microbiome ,Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ,bacteria ,education ,Mexico ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,protists ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Chilomastix mesnili ,Blastocystis ,Models, Statistical ,030306 microbiology ,Infant ,Entamoeba coli ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,QR1-502 ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Female ,Entamoeba hartmanni ,Actinomyces ,Research Article - Abstract
An estimated 3.5 billion people are colonized by intestinal parasites worldwide. Intestinal parasitic eukaryotes interact not only with the host but also with the intestinal microbiota. In this work, we studied the relationship between the presence of multiple enteric parasites and the community structures of gut bacteria and eukaryotes in an asymptomatic mother-child cohort from a semirural community in Mexico. Fecal samples were collected from 46 mothers and their respective children, with ages ranging from 2 to 20 months. Mothers and infants were found to be multiparasitized by Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba dispar, Endolimax nana, Chilomastix mesnili, Iodamoeba butshlii, Entamoeba coli, Hymenolepis nana, and Ascaris lumbricoides. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes showed a significant effect of parasite exposure on bacterial beta-diversity, which explained between 5.2% and 15.0% of the variation of the bacterial community structure in the cohort. Additionally, exposure to parasites was associated with significant changes in the relative abundances of multiple bacterial taxa, characterized by an increase in Clostridiales and decreases in Actinobacteria and Bacteroidales. Parasite exposure was not associated with changes in intestinal eukaryote relative abundances. However, we found several significant positive correlations between intestinal bacteria and eukaryotes, including Oscillospira with Entamoeba coli and Prevotella stercorea with Entamoeba hartmanni, as well as the co-occurrence of the fungus Candida with Bacteroides and Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella copri and the fungus Pichia with Oscillospira. The parasitic exposure-associated changes in the bacterial community structure suggest effects on microbial metabolic routes, host nutrient uptake abilities, and intestinal immunity regulation in host-parasite interactions. IMPORTANCE The impact of intestinal eukaryotes on the prokaryotic microbiome composition of asymptomatic carriers has not been extensively explored, especially in infants and mothers with multiple parasitic infections. In this work, we studied the relationship between protist and helminth parasite colonization and the intestinal microbiota structure in an asymptomatic population of mother-child binomials from a semirural community in Mexico. We found that the presence of parasitic eukaryotes correlated with changes in the bacterial gut community structure in the intestinal microbiota in an age-dependent way. Parasitic infection was associated with an increase in the relative abundance of the class Clostridia and decreases of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidia. Parasitic infection was not associated with changes in the eukaryote community structure. However, we observed strong positive correlations between bacterial and other eukaryote taxa, identifying novel relationships between prokaryotes and fungi reflecting interkingdom interactions within the human intestine.
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- 2021
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8. Advances in the Study of Blastocystis spp. in Mexico: Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, Clinical Association and Their Possible Role in the Human Intestine
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Horacio Pérez-Juárez, E. González-Rivas, Ulises Magaña, E. Hernández-Hernández, B. B. Finlay, M. Santín, Oswaldo Partida-Rodriguez, Angélica Serrano-Vázquez, M. C. Arieta, C. Ximenez-Garcia, Liliana Rojas-Velázquez, Miriam Nieves-Ramírez, and P. Moran-Silva
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Genetics ,education.field_of_study ,Blastocystis ,Genetic diversity ,Human intestine ,Population ,Haplotype ,Protist ,Disease ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine ,Species richness ,education - Abstract
Blastocystis spp. has a worldwide distribution, and it has been associated with gastrointestinal symptomatology; however, its role in health or disease remains unclear. Subtype 3 is the most frequently reported subtype in different populations, with a high haplotype diversity. The recent diversity of this protist may be related to the migration of the human population. The ST3 haplotype network shows that haplotype 1 is ancestor from which the other haplotypes are derived. In the studied community (Xoxocotla, Morelos), a direct association exists between the presence of Blastocystis spp. and the changes in the bacterial and eukaryotic intestinal microbiota in the absence of gastrointestinal or inflammatory diseases, indicating that Blastocystis ST3 favors the diversity and richness of bacterial populations and decrease the inflammatory processes. Thus, there is important evidence that suggests that Blastocystis spp. plays an important role as a mutualist in the regulation of the inflammatory response in the studied healthy individuals.
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- 2020
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9. Exposure to parasitic protists and helminths changes the intestinal community structure of bacterial microbiota but not of eukaryotes in a cohort of mother-child binomial from a semi-rural setting in Mexico
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Lisa A. Reynolds, E. Rascon-Castelo, Eric M. Brown, L. Rojas Velazquez, E. Gonzalez, M. E. Nieves-Ramírez, E. Hernandez, C. Ximenez-Garcia, B. Brett Finlay, Oswaldo Partida-Rodriguez, P. Moran-Silva, Ulises Magaña, Lisa Thorson, Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe, A. Valdez-Salazar, Marie-Claire Arrieta, Javier Torres, and Laura Wegener Parfrey
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Blastocystis ,Chilomastix mesnili ,Bacteroidia ,Entamoeba histolytica ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Population ,Helminths ,Entamoeba coli ,Microbiome ,biology.organism_classification ,education ,Microbiology - Abstract
Around 3.5 billion people are colonized by intestinal parasites worldwide. Intestinal parasitic eukaryotes interact not only with the host, but also with the intestinal microbiota. In this work, we studied the relationship between the presence of multiple enteric parasites and the community structure of the bacterial and eukaryote intestinal microbiota in an asymptomatic cohort of mother-child binomials from a semi-rural community in Mexico. The intestinal parasites identified wereBlastocystis hominis, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Endolimax nana, Chilomastix mesnili, Iodamoeba butshlii, Entamoeba coli, Hymenolepis nanaandAscaris lumbricoides.We sequenced bacterial 16S rDNA and eukaryotic 18S rDNA in fecal samples of 46 mothers and their respective children, with ages ranging from two to twenty months. Although we did not find significant alpha-diversity changes, we found a significant effect of parasite exposure on bacterial beta-diversity, which explained between 5.2% and 15.0% of the variation of the bacterial community structure. Additionally, exposure to parasites was associated with significant changes in relative abundances of bacterial taxa, characterized by increases in the Clostridia and decreased Actinobacteria and Bacteroidia abundances. There were no significant changes of intestinal microeukaryote abundances associated with parasite exposure. However, we found several significant positive correlations between intestinal bacteria and eukaryotes, including co-occurrence of the fungiCandida tropicaliswithBacteroidesand Actinomyces, and Saccharomycetales withBifidobacteriumandPrevotella copri.These bacterial community structure changes associated with parasite exposure imply effects on microbial metabolic routes, host nutrient uptake abilities and intestinal immunity regulation in host-parasite interactions.IMPORTANCEThe impact of intestinal eukaryotes on the prokaryotic microbiome composition of asymptomatic carriers has not been extensively explored, especially in children and in hosts with multiple parasites. In this work, we studied the relationship between protist and helminth parasite colonization and intestinal microbiota structure in an asymptomatic population of mother-child binomials from the semi-rural community of Morelos in Mexico. We found that the presence of parasitic eukaryotes correlated with changes in the bacterial community structure in the intestinal microbiota in an age-dependent way. This was characterized by an increase of the relative abundance of the class Clostridia and the decrease of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidia. While there were no significant associations between the presence of parasites and microeukaryote community structure, we observed strong positive correlations between bacterial and eukaryote taxa, identifying novel relationships between prokaryotes and fungi, and reflecting the diet of the human population studied.
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- 2019
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10. Genetic Diversity and Distribution of Blastocystis Subtype 3 in Human Populations, with Special Reference to a Rural Population in Central Mexico
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Horacio Pérez-Juárez, Liliana Rojas-Velázquez, Augusto Cesar Poot-Hernandez, Cecilia Ximénez, Luis E. Eguiarte, Enrique González, Javier Torres, Ulises Magaña, Eric Hernández, Daniel Piñero, Oswaldo Partida-Rodriguez, Patricia Morán, Tobias Portillo, Miriam Nieves-Ramírez, Leonardo D. Fernández, and Angélica Serrano-Vázquez
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0301 basic medicine ,Article Subject ,media_common.quotation_subject ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,lcsh:Medicine ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Phylogenetics ,Genetic variation ,education ,media_common ,Blastocystis ,education.field_of_study ,Genetic diversity ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Haplotype ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Evolutionary biology ,Genetic structure ,human activities ,Diversity (politics) - Abstract
Blastocystissubtype 3 (ST3) is a parasitic protist found in the digestive tract of symptomatic and asymptomatic humans around the world. While this parasite exhibits a high prevalence in the human population, its true geographic distribution and global genetic diversity are still unknown. This gap in knowledge limits the understanding of the spread mechanisms, epidemiology, and impact that this parasite has on human populations. Herein, we provided new data on the geographical distribution and genetic diversity ofBlastocystisST3 from a rural human population in Mexico. To do so, we collected and targeted the SSU-rDNA region in fecal samples from this population and further compared its genetic diversity and structure with that previously observed in populations ofBlastocystisST3 from other regions of the planet. Our analyses reveled that diversity ofBlastocystisST3 showed a high haplotype diversity and genetic structure to the world level; however, they were low in the Morelos population. The haplotype network revealed a common widespread haplotype from which the others were generated recently. Finally, our results suggested a recent expansion of the diversity ofBlastocystisST3 worldwide.
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- 2018
11. Genetic Diversity and Distribution of
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Liliana, Rojas-Velázquez, Patricia, Morán, Angélica, Serrano-Vázquez, Leonardo D, Fernández, Horacio, Pérez-Juárez, Augusto C, Poot-Hernández, Tobías, Portillo, Enrique, González, Eric, Hernández, Oswaldo, Partida-Rodríguez, Miriam E, Nieves-Ramírez, Ulises, Magaña, Javier, Torres, Luis E, Eguiarte, Daniel, Piñero, and Cecilia, Ximénez
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Adult ,Male ,Rural Population ,Adolescent ,Genetic Variation ,Blastocystis Infections ,DNA, Protozoan ,Middle Aged ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Feces ,Young Adult ,Haplotypes ,Child, Preschool ,Blastocystis ,Humans ,Female ,Child ,human activities ,Mexico ,Phylogeny ,Research Article - Abstract
Blastocystis subtype 3 (ST3) is a parasitic protist found in the digestive tract of symptomatic and asymptomatic humans around the world. While this parasite exhibits a high prevalence in the human population, its true geographic distribution and global genetic diversity are still unknown. This gap in knowledge limits the understanding of the spread mechanisms, epidemiology, and impact that this parasite has on human populations. Herein, we provided new data on the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of Blastocystis ST3 from a rural human population in Mexico. To do so, we collected and targeted the SSU-rDNA region in fecal samples from this population and further compared its genetic diversity and structure with that previously observed in populations of Blastocystis ST3 from other regions of the planet. Our analyses reveled that diversity of Blastocystis ST3 showed a high haplotype diversity and genetic structure to the world level; however, they were low in the Morelos population. The haplotype network revealed a common widespread haplotype from which the others were generated recently. Finally, our results suggested a recent expansion of the diversity of Blastocystis ST3 worldwide.
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- 2017
12. Differential expression of pathogenic genes of Entamoeba histolytica vs E. dispar in a model of infection using human liver tissue explants
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Eric Hernández, Oswaldo Partida, Enrique González, Marco Gudiño-Zayas, Cecilia Ximénez, Patricia Morán, Héctor M. Maldonado, Liliana Rojas-Velázquez, Ma del Carmen García de León, Ulises Magaña, and Miriam Nieves
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Protozoan Proteins ,lcsh:Medicine ,Gene Expression ,Pathogenesis ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Entamoeba ,Gene expression ,Prevalence ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,lcsh:Science ,Immune Response ,Protozoans ,Mammals ,Multidisciplinary ,Entamoebiasis ,Virulence ,biology ,Middle Aged ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Vertebrates ,Liver Abscess, Amebic ,Hamsters ,Cytokines ,Female ,Research Article ,Adult ,Proteases ,Adolescent ,Immunology ,Rodents ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,Microbiology ,Superoxide dismutase ,Entamoeba Histolytica ,03 medical and health sciences ,Entamoeba histolytica ,Organ Culture Techniques ,Signs and Symptoms ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Heat shock protein ,parasitic diseases ,Parasite Groups ,Genetics ,Parasitic Diseases ,Humans ,Animals ,Trophozoites ,Gene ,Aged ,Inflammation ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Correction ,Biology and Life Sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Parasitic Protozoans ,030104 developmental biology ,Amniotes ,biology.protein ,lcsh:Q ,Parasitology ,Peroxiredoxin ,Apicomplexa - Abstract
We sought to establish an ex vivo model for examining the interaction of E. histolytica with human tissue, using precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) from donated organs. E. histolytica- or E. dispar-infected PCLS were analyzed at different post-infection times (0, 1, 3, 24 and 48 h) to evaluate the relation between tissue damage and the expression of genes associated with three factors: a) parasite survival (peroxiredoxin, superoxide dismutase and 70 kDa heat shock protein), b) parasite virulence (EhGal/GalNAc lectin, amoebapore, cysteine proteases and calreticulin), and c) the host inflammatory response (various cytokines). Unlike E. dispar (non-pathogenic), E. histolytica produced some damage to the structure of hepatic parenchyma. Overall, greater expression of virulence genes existed in E. histolytica-infected versus E. dispar-infected tissue. Accordingly, there was an increased expression of EhGal/GalNAc lectin, Ehap-a and Ehcp-5, Ehcp-2, ehcp-1 genes with E. histolytica, and a decreased or lack of expression of Ehcp-2, and Ehap-a genes with E. dispar. E. histolytica-infected tissue also exhibited an elevated expression of genes linked to survival, principally peroxiredoxin, superoxide dismutase and Ehhsp-70. Moreover, E. histolytica-infected tissue showed an overexpression of some genes encoding for pro-inflammatory interleukins (ILs), such as il-8, ifn-γ and tnf-α. Contrarily, E. dispar-infected tissue displayed higher levels of il-10, the gene for the corresponding anti-inflammatory cytokine. Additionally, other genes were investigated that are important in the host-parasite relationship, including those encoding for the 20 kDa heat shock protein (HSP-20), the AIG-1 protein, and immune dominant variable surface antigen, as well as for proteins apparently involved in mechanisms for the protection of the trophozoites in different environments (e.g., thioredoxin-reductase, oxido-reductase, and 9 hypothetical proteins). Some of the hypothetical proteins evidenced interesting overexpression rates, however we should wait to their characterization. This finding suggest that the present model could be advantageous for exploring the complex interaction between trophozoites and hepatocytes during the development of ALA, particularly in the initial stages of infection.
- Published
- 2017
13. Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in Mexican school children: genotyping and phylogenetic relationship
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Oswaldo Partida, Patricia Morán, Enrique González, Javier Torres, Liliana Rojas, Alejandro Gómez, Ulises Magaña, Cecilia Ximénez, Eric Hernández, Marco Gudiño, Miriam Nieves, and Alicia Valadez
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Adolescent ,Genotype ,Dispar ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Microbiology ,Phylogenetic relationship ,Entamoeba ,03 medical and health sciences ,Entamoeba histolytica ,Feces ,0302 clinical medicine ,fluids and secretions ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,Amoebiasis ,Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ,education ,Child ,Genotyping ,Mexico ,Phylogeny ,DNA Primers ,education.field_of_study ,Entamoebiasis ,biology ,E. dispar ,Frequency ,DNA, Protozoan ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Patterns of transmission ,E. histolytica ,Research Article - Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the frequency of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in school children in the community of Tlaltizapan, in order to understand the dynamics of infection within the school and family spheres of this population. Amoebiasis is an unsolved public health problem and an endemic disease in Mexico. The incidence rate varies depending on the state; the most affected states show the highest numbers of new cases of amoebiasis per year. Previously, we reported the molecular frequency of infection with E. histolytica and/or E. dispar in other rural communities of the state of Morelos. Methods Children from 3 schools were studied to estimate the frequency of intestinal parasites through microscopic examination of fresh stool samples. The number of studied individuals were 309 school children. The molecular characterization of E. histolytica or E. dispar was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers to amplify short tandem repeats (STR) in non-coding sequences associated with the tRNA gene; the amplified fragments were sequenced and analyzed. Results Eight different genotypes were obtained from E. dispar isolates with the molecular marker NKD3-D5. None of the cases in which the species E. histolytica was detected developed symptoms attributable to an invasive process of disease. Moreover, the parasitized condition appeared to have no significant impact on the development or nutritional status of affected children. Genotype 1, which corresponds to the reference strain E. dispar SAW760, considered a non-pathogenic amoeba, was the most prevalent. Conclusions The comparison of the genotypes of Entamoeba species did not show a correlation between children and their relatives. In this community, the species Entamoeba dispar genotype 1 was the most widespread. Based on the indicators of growth, development and nutrition status, the studied community seems to be reasonably adapted to constant exposure to intestinal parasites, since there were no evidences of a serious impact of the parasitized condition on the children’s health.
- Published
- 2015
14. Prevalent HLA Class II Alleles in Mexico City Appear to Confer Resistance to the Development of Amebic Liver Abscess
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Cecilia Ximénez, Eric Hernández, Patricia Morán, Alberto López-Reyes, Alexandra Luna, Miriam Nieves-Ramírez, Edgar Rascón, Liliana Rojas, Francisco J. Estrada, Enrique González, Carmen Maldonado, Monica Escamilla-Tilch, Oswaldo Partida-Rodriguez, Ulises Magaña, Alicia Valadez, Julio Granados, and Olivia Valenzuela
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,lcsh:Medicine ,Human leukocyte antigen ,Serology ,Gene Frequency ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Allele ,education ,lcsh:Science ,Allele frequency ,Mexico ,Alleles ,Disease Resistance ,Genetics ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,business.industry ,Histocompatibility Testing ,Haplotype ,Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ,lcsh:R ,Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,Liver Abscess, Amebic ,Microsatellite ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Amebiasis is an endemic disease and a public health problem throughout Mexico, although the incidence rates of amebic liver abscess (ALA) vary among the geographic regions of the country. Notably, incidence rates are high in the northwestern states (especially Sonora with a rate of 12.57/100,000 inhabitants) compared with the central region (Mexico City with a rate of 0.69/100,000 inhabitants). These data may be related to host genetic factors that are partially responsible for resistance or susceptibility. Therefore, we studied the association of the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles with resistance or susceptibility to ALA in two Mexican populations, one each from Mexico City and Sonora. Ninety ALA patients were clinically diagnosed by serology and sonography. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To establish the genetic identity of both populations, 15 short tandem repeats (STRs) were analyzed with multiplexed PCR, and the allelic frequencies of HLA were studied by PCR-SSO using LUMINEX technology. The allele frequencies obtained were compared to an ethnically matched healthy control group (146 individuals). We observed that both affected populations differed genetically from the control group. We also found interesting trends in the population from Mexico City. HLA-DQB1*02 allele frequencies were higher in ALA patients compared to the control group (0.127 vs 0.047; p= 0.01; pc= NS; OR= 2.9, 95% CI= 1.09-8.3). The less frequent alleles in ALA patients were HLA-DRB1*08 (0.118 vs 0.238 in controls; p= 0.01; pc= NS; OR= 0.42, 95% CI= 0.19-0.87) and HLA-DQB1*04 (0.109 vs 0.214; p= 0.02; pc= NS; OR= 0.40, 95% CI= 0.20-0.94). The haplotype HLA-DRB1*08/-DQB1*04 also demonstrated a protective trend against the development of this disease (0.081 vs. 0.178; p=0.02; pc=NS; OR= 0.40, 95% CI= 0.16-0.93). These trends suggest that the prevalent alleles in the population of Mexico City may be associated with protection against the development of ALA.
- Published
- 2015
15. 151-P
- Author
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Ulises Magaña, Edgar Rascón, Liliana Rojas, Carmen Maldonado, Enrique González, Eric Hernández, Valeria Zermeño, Patricia Morán, Cecilia Ximénez, Tobias Portillo, Oswaldo Partida-Rodriguez, Olivia Valenzuela, Alicia Valadez, René Cerritos, and Miriam Nieves-Ramírez
- Subjects
Genetics ,education.field_of_study ,Amoebic liver abscess ,biology ,Immunology ,Population ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,TLR2 ,Allelic exclusion ,Entamoeba histolytica ,parasitic diseases ,Genotype ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,education ,Receptor - Abstract
Aim Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) recognize Entamoeba histolytica molecular patterns generating a series of intracellular signaling that leads to the modulation of the innate immune system. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR genes may influence their activity. We studied associations of TLRs SNPs with susceptibility to develop amoebic liver abscess (ALA) by Entamoeba histolytica in Mexican individuals from the State of Sonora and from Mexico City (DF). Methods We typed by allelic exclusion the SNPs R677W and R753Q of TLR2, D299G and T399I of TLR4, and -1237T/C and 2848G/A of TLR9. We compared SNPs frequencies of ALA patients (Sonora n=32, DF n=32) with control individuals (Sonora n=58, DF n=21). Results The genotype TLR9 2848G/A in ALA patients from DF showed a statistically (p=0.008) increased frequency (63.3%) when compared with controls (25.0%), with an OR of 5.18 (95% CI 1.27-22.37). Conclusions We will increase sample size in order to find out if the TLR9 2848G/A can be considered as a marker of susceptibility to ALA in population from the center of Mexico. Work partially supported by PAPIIT IN206408, IN206405, PAPIME 200105 and SEP-CONACYT 79220.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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