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Crustose Verrucariaceae lichens form a distinctive black belt on seashores all over the world. This lifestyle is apparently enabled by a specific set of photobionts. However, their diversity is understudied. We sampled these lichens from the northern Patagonian Pacific coast of Chile. Using molecular markers, we identified both mycobionts and photobionts. The lichens, belonging to the genus Hydropunctaria and to the Wahlenbergiella group, hosted solely Ulvophycean photobionts. Pseudendoclonium submarinum (Kornmanniaceae, Ulvales) was the most common, but representatives of other closely related, yet undescribed, lineages were also found. Undulifilum symbioticum gen. et sp. nov. is described within Kornmanniaceae based on culture morphology and DNA sequence data. Furthermore, the free-living macroscopic genus Urospora (Acrosiphoniaceae, Ulotrichales) is reported as a lichen photobiont for the first time and is the first of its kind in the order. These results indicate that undescribed algal diversity is waiting to be uncovered in seashore lichens.

Aim Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are autonomous ecosystems consisting of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms growing on the topsoil. They colonize global climatic zones, including temperate dunes. This study examines changes in the community structure of biocrust phototrophic organisms along a dune chronosequence at the Baltic Sea compared to an inland dune in Northern Germany. Methods The community composition and their shift between different successional stages of dune development were related to physico-chemical sediment properties. A vegetation survey followed by species determination and sediment analyses were conducted. Results The findings highlighted a varying phototrophic community composition regarding the different dune successional stages. In both study sites, a shift from algae-dominated biocrusts in younger to lichen- and moss-dominated biocrusts in later successional dune types was observed. This underlined a zonation from young to mature biocrusts along a dune chronosequence. The algae community of the two study sites shared 50% of the identified species while the moss and lichen community shared less than 15%. This indicates a more generalized occurrence of the algal species along both dune chronosequences. The mosses and lichens showed a habitat-specific species community. Moreover, an increase in the organic matter and moisture content with advanced biocrust development was detected. The enrichment of phosphorus in the different biocrust types showed a similar relationship. Conclusion This relation is explainable by biomass growth and potential phosphorus mobilization from the underlying sediment by microorganisms. The observed biocrust development supported nutrient enrichment and biomass accumulation and potentially maintained in turn soil formation.

Die Flechtendiversität und -quantität wurde in den Jahren 2017/2018 in Rostock an 53 Bäumen erfasst. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Ergebnissen einer Kartierung von 1994/1995 verglichen. Ferner wurden die Feuchtigkeitsverhältnisse und der Grad der Eutrophierung bzw. die Luftqualität an den Bäumen der Gattungen Tilia und Acer anhand des bekannten Verhaltens der nachgewiesenen Flechten bezüglich Luftfeuchtigkeit/Niederschlägen, Eutrophierung und pH-Verhältnissen bewertet. 2017/2018 wurden 79 Flechtenarten und 14 lichenicole Pilzarten nachgewiesen. Die Gesamtzahl der im Untersuchungsgebiet nachgewiesenen epiphytischen Flechtenarten erhöhte sich damit auf 80. Die meisten Flechtenarten kommen an Tilia spec. (60), Acer pseudoplatanus (43) und A. platanoides (34) vor. Die häufigsten Arten sind Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia adscendens, Ph. tenella und Xanthoria parietina. Candelariella xanthostigmoides, Flavoparmelia soredians, Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Intralichen lichenum, Lecanora subcarpinea, Parmelia serrana, Parmelina quercina und Taeniolella delicata sind Neufunde für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Hinsichtlich der Verbreitung und des Charakters der Fundorte können die nachgewiesenen Flechten und lichenicolen Pilze drei Gruppen zugeordnet werden: 1. Arten, die auch an stark befahrenen Straßen oder in eng bebauten Wohngebieten mit wenig Grünflächen und in den Stadtgebieten Kröpeliner Tor-Vorstadt oder Stadtmitte vorkamen, 2. Arten, die auch noch in locker bebauten, grünreichen Wohngebieten und in kleineren Grünlagen der Neubaugebiete vorkamen, aber nicht mehr in der Kröpeliner Tor-Vorstadt und Stadtmitte nachgewiesen wurden, 3. Arten, die nur an Bäumen vorkamen, die sich in der Nähe zum Offenland befinden. Der ersten Gruppe wurden 22, der zweiten Gruppe 32 und der dritten Gruppe 25 Flechtenarten zugeordnet. Dem Verhältnis zwischen der Frequenzsumme der stark nitrophytischen Arten und der Frequenzsumme der a-, schwach und mäßig nitrophytischen Arten auf den Bäumen entsprechend, wird die Luftqualität an 15 Bäumen der Gattungen Acer und Tilia für gut, an 14 Bäumen für mäßig und an 13 Bäumen für schlecht befunden. Auf der Grundlage des Verhältnisses zwischen der Anzahl basiphytischer Arten und der Summe an Arten an sauren oder/und subneutralen Borken wurden sechs Standorte als wenig, 21 Standorte als mäßig und 15 Standorte als stark schadstoffbelastet eingestuft. Meso- bis hygrophytische Flechten kamen an zehn Standorten mit nur ein oder zwei Arten, an 21 Standorten mit drei bis fünf Arten und an elf Standorten mit mehr als fünf Arten vor. Die epiphytische Flechtenflora hat sich in Rostock seit 1995 gravierend verändert. Es nahmen 69 Flechten im Bestand zu, von denen sich 52 Arten erst nach 1995 angesiedelt haben. Bei 32 Flechten ist eine schwache, bei 19 Flechten eine mäßige und bei 18 Flechten eine starke Zunahme zu verzeichnen. Lecanora conizaeoides kam 2017/2018 nicht mehr vor, vier Arten haben im Bestand abgenommen. Changes in the epiphytic lichen flora in the urban area of Rostock between 1994/1995 and 2017/2018 In 2017/2018, diversity and quantity of lichens were studied on 53 trees in Rostock city. The results were compared with the results of a mapping project in 1994/1995. Humidity conditions and degree of eutrophication at trees of the genera Tilia and Acer were interpreted with reference to the known indicator characteristcs of the lichen species concerning air humidity/precipitation, eutrophication and pH conditions. In 2017/2018, 79 lichen species and 14 lichenicolous fungus species were found. The total number of lichens increased to 80 species. Most species were found on Tilia spec. (60), Acer pseudoplatanus (43) and A. platanoides (34). The most common species are Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia adscendens, Ph. tenella and Xanthoria parietina. Candelariella xanthostigmoides, Flavoparmelia soredians, Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Intralichen lichenum, Lecanora subcarpinea, Parmelia serrana, Parmelina quercina and Taeniolella delicata are new to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The distribution and characteristics of the collection sites allow for deviding the species into three groups: 1. species also present along streets with heavy traffic or in densely populated residential areas with a lack of green areas and in the districts Kröpeliner Tor-Vorstadt or City Centre, 2. species still present in sparse residential areas and smaller green areas but not in the districts Kröpeliner Tor-Vorstadt or City Centre, 3. species only colonizing trees close to the open landscape. Twenty-two species were assigned to the first, 32 species to the second and 25 species to the latter group. According to the proportion between the sum of frequencies of the strongly nitrophytic lichens and the sum of frequencies of the anitrophytic and moderately nitrophytic lichens on trees, air quality was indicated to be good at 15 trees of the genera Acer and Tilia, moderate at 14 trees and bad at 13 trees. Based on the proportion between the number of basiphytic lichen species and the sum of species colonizing acidophytic and subneutrophytic bark, six locations were categorized as little, 21 locations as moderately and 15 locations as strongly polluted. Mesophytic or hygrophytic lichens were present with only one or two species at ten locations, three to five species at 21 locations and over five species at 11 locations. Within the period under consideration, the epiphytic lichen flora of the Rostock urban area changed considerably. The populations of 69 lichen species increased, with 52 lichens newly establishing after 1995. In 32 lichen species a slight, in 19 species a moderate, and in 18 species a strong population increase was recorded. Lecanora conizaeoides disappeared and the populations of four species decreased.

Es wurden die Flechtenbelege revidiert, die Johann Heinrich Sandstede 1902 auf seinem Ausflug zu den Inseln Rügen, Vilm und Greifswalder Oie sammelte und im Herbarium des Übersee-Museums Bremen (BREM) liegen. Es konnten 219 Arten (196 Flechten, 23 lichenicole Pilze) nachgewiesen wer- den. Aus Mecklenburg-Vorpommern bisher nicht bekannt waren Skyttea tephromelarum Kalb & Ha- fellner, die zudem neu für ganz Deutschland ist, Arthonia epiphyscia Nyl., Arthonia varians (Davies) Nyl., Bachmanniomyces uncialicola (Zopf) D. Hawksw., Endococcus propinquus agg., Intralichen liche- nicola (M. S. Christ. & D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & M. S. Cole, Ochrolechia alboflavescens (Wulfen) Zahlbr., Polycoccum pulvinatum (Eitner) R. Sant., Scytinium pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin, Toninia subfuscae (Arnold) Timdal, Verrucaria fusconigrescens Nyl., Weddellomyces epicallopis- ma (Wedd.) D. Hawksw. und Zwackhiomyces coepulonus (Norm.) Grube & R. Sant. The lichen collections of Johann Heinrich Sandstede from his travel to Western Pomerania Lichen specimens have been revised that had been collected by Johann Heinrich Sandstede 1902 on his field trip to the islands Rügen, Vilm and Greifswalder Oie, and are deposited in the herbarium of the Überseemuseum Bremen. A total of 219 species (196 lichens, 23 lichenicolous fungi) have been identi- fied. Not previously known from Mecklenburg-West Pomerania were Skyttea tephromelarum Kalb & Hafellner being new for entire Germany, Arthonia epiphyscia Nyl., Arthonia varians (Davies) Nyl., Bachmanniomyces uncialicola (Zopf) D. Hawksw., Endococcus propinquus agg., Intralichen lichenicola (M. S. Christ. & D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & M. S. Cole, Ochrolechia alboflavescens (Wulfen) Zahlbr., Polycoccum pulvinatum (Eitner) R. Sant., Scytinium pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin, Toninia subfuscae (Arnold) Timdal, Verrucaria fusconigrescens Nyl., Weddellomyces epicallopisma (Wedd.) D. Hawksw. and Zwackhiomyces coepulonus (Norm.) Grube & R. Sant..

Es wurden die Flechten, die Dr. Andreas Bick in der Umgebung der russischen Antarktis-Station Bellingshausen zwischen Januar 1986 und März 1987 sammelte und im Botanischen Garten der Universität Rostock liegen, bestimmt. Es konnten 24 Arten nachgewiesen werden, davon gehören der Wuchsform nach zwölf Arten zu den Krusten-, acht Arten zu den Strauch- und vier Arten zu den Laub- oder Blattflechten. Antarctic lichens in the herbarium of the University of Rostock The lichens were determined that Dr. Andreas Bick had collected in the surroundings of the Russian Antarctica station Bellingshausen between January 1986 and March 1987, and that are deposited in the Botanical Garden of Rostock University. Altogether, 24 species have been identified. Concerning the growth form, 12 species are crustose, 8 species fruticose and 4 species foliose lichens.

The present work lists 2051 lichens, 520 lichenicolous and 55 allied fungi, altogether 2626 taxa and their synonyms, whose occurrence has been reported from the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany by the end of 2021. The list is based on the last species list published in 2011 and comprises 326 new records as well as 428 nomenclatural changes published in 253 publications between 2012 and 2021. The list also includes 114 taxa, mostly from the Verrucariaceae, whose status is still considered problematic.

Die Flechten des Bundeslandes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (686 Taxa) werden in Hinblick auf ihr Auftreten in Lebensräumen analysiert, wobei Küste, Gewässer, Moore, Wälder (zusammengefasst als Naturlandschaft) und Halbkulturland, Kulturland, Siedlungsraum (zusammengefasst als Kulturlandschaft) unterschieden werden. Vorkommen und Gefährdung der Flechtenarten werden in Bezug auf die genannten Lebensräume sowie auf Substrat- und Verbreitungstypen untersucht und mit den Ergebnissen einer deutschlandweiten Analyse (Litterski et al. 2019) und der Gefährdung von Gefäßpflanzen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern verglichen. In Mecklenburg-Vorpommern haben etwa 47 % der Flechten ihren Schwerpunkt in Lebensräumen der Naturlandschaft, etwas mehr als die Hälfte der Arten treten schwerpunktmäßig in Lebensräumen der Kulturlandschaft auf. In Deutschland ist der Anteil von Flechten in der Naturlandschaft höher, was auf das breitere Spektrum an Lebensräumen zurückgeht, das auch Hoch- und Mittelgebirge mit einschließt. Besonders hoch ist, ähnlich der Situation in ganz Deutschland, die Anzahl von Flechten mit Schwerpunkt in Wäldern (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: 39 %, Deutschland: 32 %). Bei den Waldarten ist der Anteil ausgestorbener oder bestandsgefährdeter Flechten (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: 64 %, Deutschland: 56 %) deutlich höher als jener der entsprechenden Gefäßpflanzen (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: 20 %, Deutschland: 14 %). Im für Flechten besonders relevanten Halbkulturland trockener Standorte, in dem 52 % der Arten sowohl in Deutschland als auch in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ausgestorben/ bestandsgefährdet sind, ist die Gefährdung der Gefäßpflanzen hingegen vergleichbar hoch (Mecklenburg- Vorpommern: 61 %, Deutschland: 42 %). In Hinblick auf den Substrattyp sind epigäische und epiphytische Flechten besonders gefährdet, bei diesen beträgt der Anteil ausgestorbener oder gefährdeter Arten in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern jeweils etwa 60 %. Arten des Verbreitungstyps I (temp/mo-alp–arkt) sind in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (75 % von 83 Arten) in höherem Maße ausgestorben oder gefährdet als in Deutschland (46 % von 459 Arten). Unter den sowohl in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern als auch Deutschland besonders gefährdeten Arten des Verbreitungstyps V (med–temp∙subatl; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: 69 % von 108 Arten und Deutschland: 67 % von 251 Arten ausgestorben oder bestandsgefährdet) befinden sich zahlreiche Arten mit Bindung an historisch alte Wälder und mit geringer Ausbreitungsfähigkeit. The lichen flora in the German Federal State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania was analysed with special focus on its occurrence in habitats. We distinguished the following habitats: coasts, waters, peatlands, forests (collectively subsumed under natural landscape), semi-cultivated land, cultivated land and settlement area (collectively subsumed under cultivated landscape). Presence and conservation status of lichen species were analysed with respect to their habitats, substrates and distribution patterns and compared with the correspondending traits of the lichen flora in all of Germany (Litterski et al. 2019) and of higher plants in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The number of lichens (39 %) growing in forests is high in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, similar to entire Germany, whereas the proportion of extinct and threatened lichen species in forests (Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania: 64 %, Germany: 56 %) is much higher than the proportion of extinct and threatened higher plant species in forests (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 20 %, Germany: 14 %). In contrast, the proportion of threatened lichens and higher plants in dry semi-cultivated land is equal (lichens in both areas: 52 %, higher plants in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 61 %, Germany: 42 %). We found a conservation status of high concern in terricolous and epiphytic lichens in both study areas. The proportion of extinct and threatened lichen species was around 60 % in each case. The proportion of threatened lichen species of distribution type I (temp/mo-alp–arct) in Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania is significantly higher compared to Germany as a whole (Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania: 75 % of 83 species, Germany: 46 % of 459 species). Among the endangered lichens of distribution type V (med–temp∙subatl) there are many species that depend on old-growth forests and have limited dispersal ability (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 69 % of 108 species, Germany: 67 % of 251 species being extinct or endangered).

The reconstruction of past environments by means of macrofossil and pollen analysis is commonly based on the modern ecological preferences of the taxa that may have produced these fossils. Here we present a modelling approach, in which we use modern vegetation–surface height relationships to quantify past surface heights in an Arctic ice-wedge polygon mire. Vegetation composition and ground surface height (GSH) were assessed in a polygon mire near Kytalyk (Northeastern Siberia). Cluster analysis revealed five plant communities, which are clearly separated with respect to ground surface height, frost surface height and coverages of open water and vegetation. Based on the composition of modern vegetation we constructed two sets of potential fossil types (plant macrofossils and pollen), an extensive one and a more restricted one to reflect different conditions of preservation and recognisability. We applied Canonical Correspondence Analysis to model the relationships between potential fossil types and measured GSH. Both models show a strong relationship between modelled and measured GSH values and a high accuracy in prediction. Finally, we used the models to predict GSH values for Holocene peat samples and found a fair correspondence with expert-based multi-proxy reconstruction of wetness conditions, even though only a minor part of the encountered fossils were represented in the GSH models, illustrating the robustness of the approach. Our approach can be used to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental conditions in a more objective way and can serve as a template for further palaeoecological studies.

Twelve lichen species and two lichenicolous fungi, of them seven that belong to Micarea prasina group, are reported for the first time for St. Petersburg or the whole Leningrad Region. The lichenicolous fungus Intralichen baccisporus is new to Russia, and the lichen Micarea nowakii – for European Russia. A comparative table of characteristics for seven species of Micarea prasina group is presented.

Lichens represent self-supporting symbioses, which occur in a wide range of terrestrial habitats and which contribute significantly to mineral cycling and energy flow at a global scale. Lichens usually grow much slower than higher plants. Nevertheless, lichens can contribute substantially to biomass production. This review focuses on the lichen symbiosis in general and especially on the model speciesLobaria pulmonariaL. Hoffm., which is a large foliose lichen that occurs worldwide on tree trunks in undisturbed forests with long ecological continuity. In comparison to many other lichens,L.pulmonariais less tolerant to desiccation and highly sensitive to air pollution. The name-giving mycobiont (belonging to the Ascomycota), provides a protective layer covering a layer of the green-algal photobiont (Dictyochloropsis reticulata) and interspersed cyanobacterial cell clusters (Nostocspec.). Recently performed metaproteome analyses confirm the partition of functions in lichen partnerships. The ample functional diversity of the mycobiont contrasts the predominant function of the photobiont in production (and secretion) of energy-rich carbohydrates, and the cyanobiont’s contribution by nitrogen fixation. In addition, high throughput and state-of-the-art metagenomics and community fingerprinting, metatranscriptomics, and MS-based metaproteomics identify the bacterial community present onL. pulmonariaas a surprisingly abundant and structurally integrated element of the lichen symbiosis. Comparative metaproteome analyses of lichens from different sampling sites suggest the presence of a relatively stable core microbiome and a sampling site-specific portion of the microbiome. Moreover, these studies indicate how the microbiota may contribute to the symbiotic system, to improve its health, growth and fitness.

Stordeur, R., Breuss, O., Eckstein, J., Grunberg, H., Kison, H.-U., Schiefelbein, U., Schultz, M. & Thus, H. 2020. Beitrage zur Flechtenflora Sachsen-Anhalts und Thuringens. – Herzogia 33: 377–393.Es werden Neu- und Wiederfunde sowie zusatzliche Vorkommen von 32 seltenen oder bemerkenswerten Taxa aus Sachsen-Anhalt und Thuringen vorgestellt. Neu fur Sachsen-Anhalt sind 22 Taxa. Darunter sind die lichenisierten Pilze: Acarospora oligospora, Bacidina adastra, Botryolepraria lesdainii, Cladonia cryptochlorophaea, Cryptodiscus gloeocapsa, Epigloea grummannii, Lathagrium undulatum, Pertusaria albescens var. corallina, Scytinium pulvinatum, Thelidium pluvium, Verrucaria memnonia sowie Verrucaria fusca auct. (non Pers.). Ebenfalls neu fur Sachsen-Anhalt sind die lichenicolen Arten Intralichen lichenicola, Lichenochora obscuroides, Minutoexcipula tephromelae, Phaeospora parasitica, Stigmidium psorae und S. rivulorum sowie die saprophytischen Pilze Leptosillia macrospora und Thelocarpon saxicola. Verrucaria pilosoides ist neu fur Deutschland, basierend auf ITS-Daten gehort unser Beleg in die V. muralis Gruppe. Die fur Deutschland bereits als verschollen gefuhrte Art Fuscidea mollis konnte im Bodetal wieder nachgewiesen werden. Der Fund ist gleichzeitig der erste gesicherte Nachweis fur Sachsen-Anhalt. Die mindestens 60 bis uber 180 Jahre verschollenen Arten Arthonia dispersa, Bacidia subincompta, Lempholemma polyanthes, Opegrapha rupestris, Polyblastia albida, Pyrrhospora quernea und Verrucaria margacea konnten in Sachsen-Anhalt wieder aufgefunden werden. Fur Eiglera flavida werden aktuelle Funde (ab 2001) sowie fur das erst kurzlich nachgewiesene Scoliciosporum gallurae weitere Funde fur das Gebiet aufgefuhrt.

The past and present distribution of Lobaria pulmonaria in Denmark, northern Germany, northwestern Poland and nemoral parts of Skåne, Blekinge, southwesternmost Småland and southern Öland (Sweden) has been studied. Of 124 localities visited between 2015 and 2018, L. pulmonaria was confirmed at 64 sites, at each of which its habitat ecology and viability were investigated. It is almost extinct in Schleswig-Holstein, in southern Jutland, on the Danish Islands, in southwestern Skåne, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and in the western part of Pomerania. It has disappeared almost completely from areas where mesophytic forests form the potential natural vegetation. The commonest habitats for L. pulmonaria are species-poor acidic beech and species-poor oak forests, and the commonest substrates are trunks of beech, followed by oak. L. pulmonaria specimens on about two thirds of the colonized trees were in a healthy condition. The situation is worst in Schleswig-Holstein and on the Danish Islands, but best in Blekinge and central and northern Jutland. Recent distribution seems to be influenced by both anthropogenic (e.g. air pollution by sulphur dioxide and nitrogen and forestry practices) and natural factors (precipitation, temperature, air humidity), as well as unnatural climatic factors (global warming).

Schiefelbein, U., Brackel, W. v., Cezanne, R., Eichler, M., Krzewicka, B., Neumann, P., Schultz, M. & Dolnik, C. 2018. Additional interesting records of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from Northern Germany. — Herzogia 31: 114–132. Sixty-one species (32 lichens and 29 lichenicolous fungi) are reported as new or noteworthy from northern Germany or one of its federal states. Epicladonia simplex and Minutoexcipula tephromelae are new to Germany; Didymocyrtis cladoniicola, D. foliaceiphila, Endococcus fusiger, Hymenelia ceracea, Lichenochora coarctatae, Lichenostigma chlaroterae, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae, Schismatomma umbrinum and Vouauxiella verrucosa are recorded for the first time from northern Germany; nine species are added to the lichen flora of the federal state Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, 34 species to Schleswig-Holstein, seven species to Lower Saxony and one species each to Hamburg and Saxony-Anhalt. Verrucaria polygonia is rediscovered in Germany after more than 150 years.

Schiefelbein, U., Brackel, W. v., Cezanne, R., Czarnota, P., Eckstein, J., Eichler, M., Kison, H.-U., Ungethum, K. & Stordeur, R. 2017. Trimmatostroma arctoparmeliae sp. nov. and noteworthy records of lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi from the Harz Mountains and surrounding regions. — Herzogia 30: 80–102.Fifty-nine species (21 lichens, 37 lichenicolous fungi and one non-lichenized fungus) are reported as new or noteworthy from the Harz Mountains in north-central Germany. Trimmatostroma arctoparmeliae (on Arctoparmelia incurva) is described as new, Lasiosphaeriopsis lecanorae and Tremella diploschistina are new to Central Europe, Lichenothelia tenuissima, Pertusaria lactescens, Polycoccum kerneri, Sphaerellothecium atryneae, S. contextum and Verrucaria policensis are new to Germany; 41 species are new to Saxony-Anhalt, and one each for Lower Saxony, Thuringia and Bavaria. Hyperphyscia adglutinata was rediscovered in Saxony-Anhalt after more than 180 years, Lichenodiplis pertusariicola after 141 years and Porpidia flavocruenta after 83 years. Eopyrenula leucoplaca was rediscovered in Lower Saxony after more than 130 years.

We present a checklist for Moshchny Island (Leningrad Region, Russia). The documented lichen biota comprises 349 species, including 313 lichens, 30 lichenicolous fungi and 6 non-lichenized saprobic fungi. Endococcus exerrans and Lichenopeltella coppinsii are reported for the first time for Russia; Cercidospora stenotropae, Erythricium aurantiacum, Flavoplaca limonia, Lecidea haerjedalica, and Myriospora myochroa for European Russia; Flavoplaca oasis, Intralichen christiansenii, Nesolechia fusca, and Myriolecis zosterae for North-Western European Russia; and Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa, Calogaya pusilla, and Lecidea auriculata subsp. auriculata are new for Leningrad Region. The studied lichen biota is moderately rich and diverse, but a long history of human activity likely caused its transformation, especially the degradation of forest lichen biota. The most valuable habitats for lichens in Moshchny Island are seashore and dune communities which definitely deserve protection.

This paper presents new records of 135 lichen taxa in Bolivia. Two species, Myriotrema laeviusculum (Nyl.) Hale and Graphis tenoriensis Chaves & Lücking, are new for the Southern Hemisphere; two, Cladonia uncialis (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. and Thelocarpon laureri (Flot.) Nyl., are new for South America; and 27 species are new for Bolivia: Acanthotrema brasilianum (Hale) Frisch, Bulbothrix laevigatula (Nyl.) Hale, B. leprieurii Aubel, Canoparmelia salacinifera (Hale) Hale, Catolechia wahlenbergii (Flot. ex Ach.) Körb., Chapsa alborosella (Nyl.) Frisch, Coccocarpia dissecta Swinscow & Krog, Graphis apertoinspersa Rivas Plata & Lücking, G. cinerea Fée, G. globosa (Fée) Spreng., G. haleana R. C. Harris, G. marginata Raddi, G. pilarensis Cáceres & Lücking, G. striatula (Ach.) Spreng., Hemithecium oryzaeforme (Fée) Staiger, Hypotrachyna protochlorina Sipman, Elix & T. H. Nash, H. sinuosella Elix, T. H. Nash & Sipman, H. tariensis Elix, Parmeliella isidiopannosa Jørg., Parmotrema conferendum Hale, P. enteroxanthum Hale, P. laciniellum (Ferraro & Elix) Blanco et al., P. pilosum (Stizenb.) Krog & Swinscow, P. recipiendum (Nyl.) Hale, P. ruptum (Lynge) Hale ex DePriest & Hale, Pyxine pungens Zahlbr. and Xanthoparmelia substenophylloides Hale. Notes on distribution are provided for the species. Bulbothrix goebelii (Zenker) Hale is excluded from the list of Bolivian lichens; the record is referred to B. laevigatula.

Zusammenfassung: Schiefelbein, U., Jansen, F., Litterski, B. & Wirth, V. 2015. Naturraumlich-okologische Analyse der Flechtenflora von Deutschland. — Herzogia 28: 624–653. Die Flechtenflora von Deutschland wird auf der Grundlage der Angaben von Wirth et al. (2013; Die Flechten Deutschlands) analysiert, wobei Naturraume die geografische Basis fur die Analysen bilden. Bewertet werden Artendiversitat, Exklusivitat des Arteninventars, substratspezifische Eigenschaften (Substratbindung, pH-Werte und Nahrstoffgehalt/Eutrophierung der besiedelten Substrate) und klimatische Faktoren (Licht, Luftfeuchte). Die artenreichsten Naturraume sind nach den Bayerischen Alpen, dem Schwarzwald und Odenwald-Spessart die ebenfalls sehr niederschlagsreichen Naturraume Eifel, Weserbergland, Harz, Frankische Alb, Sauerland und Bayerisch-Bohmischer Wald. Die artenarmsten Landschaften liegen uberwiegend im sudlichen Teil des Nordostdeutschen Tieflandes. Die Exklusivitat des Arteninventars eines Naturraumes wird als Anzahl der Arten...

The updated checklist of Tuters Island (Leningrad Region, Russia) is presented. Of 331 species of recognized biota, 314 species of lichens, 16 lichenicolous fungi and one non-lichenized saprobic fungus are reported from Tuters Island. Of them, 202 species are new to the study area. Aspicilia epiglypta , Fuscidea praeruptorum , Micarea byssacea and Sarcogyne hypophaeoides are reported for the first time for Russia, Roselliniella stereocaulorum – for European Russia, Aspicilia polychroma , Carbonea vorticosa , Cercidospora stereocaulorum , Cladonia ciliata f. flavicans , C . rangiformis , Parmelia ernstiae , Plectocarpon cf. encausticum and Roselliniella cladoniae – for North-Western European Russia; Bachmanniomyces uncialicola , Bacidina sulphurella , Micarea botryoides , Miriquidica griseoatra and Stereocaulon nanodes are new to the Leningrad Region.

Lichens and free-living terrestrial algae are widespread across many habitats and develop successfully in ecosystems where a cold winter limits survival. With the goal of comparing photoprotective responses in free-living and lichenized algae, the physiological responses to chilling and photochilling conditions were studied in three lichens and their isolated algal photobionts together as well as in a fourth free-living algal species. We specifically addressed the following questions: (i) Are there general patterns of acclimation in green algae under chilling and photochilling stresses? (ii) Do free-living algae exhibit a similar pattern of responses as their lichenized counterparts? (iii) Are these responses influenced by the selection pressure of environmental conditions or by the phylogenetic position of each species? To answer these questions, photosynthetic fluorescence measurements as well as pigment and low molecular weight carbohydrate pool analyses were performed under controlled laboratory conditions. In general, photochemical efficiency in all free-living algae decreased with increasing duration of the stress, while the majority of lichens maintained an unchanged photochemical activity. Nevertheless, these patterns cannot be generalized because the alga Trebouxia arboricola and the lichen Ramalina pollinaria (associated with Trebouxia photobionts) both showed a similar decrease in photochemical efficiency. In contrast, in the couple Elliptochloris bilobata-Baeomyces rufus, only the algal partner exhibited a broad physiological performance under stress. This study also highlights the importance of the xanthophyll cycle in response to the studied lichens and algae to photochilling stress, while the accumulation of sugars was not related to cold acclimation, except in the alga E. bilobata. The differences in response patterns detected among species can be mainly explained by their geographic origin, although the phylogenetic position should also be considered, especially in some species. FM received a fellowship for PhD students (2012-2015) from the Government of the Basque Country as well as a mobility grant which allowed the collaboration between University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and University of Rostock. LG thanks the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for financial support (DFG GU 1278/1-1). The work was also supported by the project BFU 2010-15021 and CTM2014-53902-C2-2-P from the MINECO and the European Regional Development Fund ERDF (FEDER), and by the Basque Government (UPV/EHU-GV IT-624-13 and UPV/EHU-GV IT-1018-16).

Lichens are recognized by macroscopic structures formed by a heterotrophic fungus, the mycobiont, which hosts internal autotrophic photosynthetic algal and/or cyanobacterial partners, referred to as the photobiont. We analyzed the structure and functionality of the entire lung lichen Lobaria pulmonaria L. Hoffm. collected from two different sites by state-of-the-art metaproteomics. In addition to the green algae and the ascomycetous fungus, a lichenicolous fungus as well as a complex prokaryotic community (different from the cyanobacteria) was found, the latter dominated by methanotrophic Rhizobiales. Various partner-specific proteins could be assigned to the different lichen symbionts, for example, fungal proteins involved in vesicle transport, algal proteins functioning in photosynthesis, cyanobacterial nitrogenase and GOGAT involved in nitrogen fixation, and bacterial enzymes responsible for methanol/C1-compound metabolism as well as CO-detoxification. Structural and functional information on proteins expressed by the lichen community complemented and extended our recent symbiosis model depicting the functional multiplayer network of single holobiont partners.1 Our new metaproteome analysis strongly supports the hypothesis (i) that interactions within the self-supporting association are multifaceted and (ii) that the strategy of functional diversification within the single lichen partners may support the longevity of L. pulmonaria under certain ecological conditions.

In the present study the biodiversity of the most abundant phototrophic organisms forming biological soil crust communities were determined, which included green algae, diatoms, yellow-green algae and lichens in samples collected on Ardley and King George islands, Maritime Antarctic. The species were identified by their morphology using light microscopy, and for lichen identification thin layer chromatography as also used to separate specific secondary metabolites. Several sources of information were summarized in an algae catalogue. The results revealed a high species-richness in Antarctic soil crust communities with 127 species in total. Of which, 106 taxa belonged to algae (41 Chlorophyta, nine Streptophyta, 56 Heterokontophyta) and 21 to lichens in 13 genera. Moreover, soil crust communities with different species compositions were determined for the various sampling locations, which might reflect microclimatic and pedological gradients.

Schiefelbein, U., Dolnik, C., de Bruyn, U., Schultz, M., Thiemann, R., Stordeur, R., van den Boom, P. P. G., Litterski, B. & Sipman, H. J. M. 2014. Interesting records of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprophytic fungi from northern Germany. — Herzogia 27: 237–256. Details of 50 lichen species, 19 lichenicolous fungi and two saprophytic fungi from northern Germany are presented. Chrysothrix flavovirens, Opegrapha viridipruinosa and Sclerococcum tephromelarum are new to Germany. Arthonia digitatae, A. molendoi, Calicium parvum, Caloplaca limonia, Cornutispora intermedia, Endococcus rugulosus, Intralichen lichenicola, Lecidea nylanderi, Muellerella erratica, Pycnora sorophora and Verrucaria tristis are recorded for the first time from northern Germany. 38 species are added to the lichen flora of the federal state Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, 12 species to Schleswig-Holstein, five species to Lower Saxony and one species to Brandenburg.

Kukwa, M., Schiefelbein, U. & Flakus, A. 2013. A contribution to the lichen family Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) of Bolivia. - Herzogia 26: 231–252. Carbacanthogr aphis violaceospora Kukwa & Flakus, Graphis boliviana Kukwa & Flakus and G. seawardii Flakus & Kukwa are described as new to science from Bolivia. In addition 56 corticolous and muscicolous species of Graphidaceae are reported for the first time from Bolivia, of which four, Graphis pinicola, G. urandrae, Phaeographis dendroides and P. quadrifera, are new to South America, and six, Graphis argentata, G. litoralis, G. nudaeformis, G. pittieri, G. subflexibilis and Phaeographis delicatula, are new to the Southern Hemisphere. Notes on the chemistry, habitat and general distribution are provided, with taxonomic remarks provided for some species.

Schiefelbein, U., Litterski, B. & Sipman, H. J. M. 2014. The contribution of Heinrich Gustav Florke (1764–1835) to the exploration of the lichen flora of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. — Herzogia 27: 41–65. We re-investigated those specimens from the exsiccata series “Deutsche Lichenen” issued by Florke which the author also found in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Germany), and the specimens collected by him within the current limits of this German federal state and deposited in the herbarium of the University of Rostock. Altogether 139 lichens and 8 lichenicolous fungi have been identified. Ramalina canariensis is new for Germany, and Acrocordia cavata, Graphis betulina, Lichenodiplis pertusariicola, Muellerella hospitans and Ramalina lacera are new for Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Florke recorded 82 species for the first time in this federal state. A lectotype is selected for Stereocaulon incrustatum.

Kukwa, M., Schiefelbein, U. & Flakus, A. 2013. A contribution to the lichen family Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) of Bolivia. - Herzogia 26: 231–252.Carbacanthogr aphis violaceospora Kukwa & Flakus, Graphis boliviana Kukwa & Flakus and G. seawardii Flakus & Kukwa are described as new to science from Bolivia. In addition 56 corticolous and muscicolous species of Graphidaceae are reported for the first time from Bolivia, of which four, Graphis pinicola, G. urandrae, Phaeographis dendroides and P. quadrifera, are new to South America, and six, Graphis argentata, G. litoralis, G. nudaeformis, G. pittieri, G. subflexibilis and Phaeographis delicatula, are new to the Southern Hemisphere. Notes on the chemistry, habitat and general distribution are provided, with taxonomic remarks provided for some species.

SCHIEFELBEIN, U. 2013. Additions to the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Germany). — Herzogia 26: 65–72. Records of 13 lichenized, lichenicolous or saprophytic fungi from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania are reported. Absconditella lignicola, Bacidina sulphurella, Endococcus exerrans, Lepraria rigidula, Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum, Monodictys epilepraria, Mycoglaena myricae, Peltigera extenuata, Stigmidium marinum, Taeniolella punctata and Tremella hypogymniae are new to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Arthonia pruinata is rediscovered in this federal state after more than 70 years and the occurrence of Graphis pulverulenta could be confirmed.

Dolnik, C., Schiefelbein, U., Schultz, M., de Bruyn, U. & Richter, T. 2012. New and noteworthy findings of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from northern Germany. - Herzogia 25: 31–38. Taxonomical revisions and new findings led to some additions to the lichen floras of the Northern German federal states Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Schleswig-Holstein, which are also relevant for the German checklist. We comment on records of 19 lichenized, two lichenicolous and one saprophytic fungus. Amandinea lecideina is reported from Germany for the first time after more than 50 years. Trimmatothelopsis versipellis (syn. Acarospora amphibola) is treated as a species distinct from T. smaragdula with a strong preference for coastal habitats. The following species were added to the lichen flora of the federal state Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: Caloplaca maritima, C. phlogina, Gregorella humida, Illosporiopsis christiansenii, Lecanora persimilis, L. zosterae, Micarea byssacea, M. micrococc...

van den Boom, P. P. G., Brand, M., Ertz, D., Kalb, K., Magain, N., Masson, D., Schiefelbein, U., Sipman, H. J. M. & Serusiaux, E. 2011. Discovering the lichen diversity of a remote tropical island: working list of species collected on Reunion (Mascarene archipelago, Indian Ocean). - Herzogia 24: 325 -349. 463 lichen taxa are reported from the island of Reunion (Mascarene archipelago) in the Indian Ocean. This report is based on extensive collections recently made by the authors or hosted in B and LG. A total of c. 600 species is estimated for the number of lichenized fungi present on the island; although this is a low figure for a varied tropi- cal area, this is plausible due to its small size and remoteness. The significance of the lichen diversity of the island lays in its endemics, which need further study for a reliable assessment, and in the occurrence of a poorly known southern hemisphere element ("austral" species). The discovery of the following in Reunion is of special interest as it considerably enlarges their distribution range: Anzia corallophora, Caloplaca caesiosorediata, Coccocarpia delicatula, Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Gomphillus morchelloides, G. pedersenii, Gyalideopsis bispora, Heterodermia koyana, Hypotrachyna evansii, Lithogyalideopsis zeylandica, Lobaria asperula, Megaloblastenia marginiflexa var. dimota, Menegazzia capitata, Myeloconis erumpens and Pannaria squamulosa.

Schiefelbein, U., de Bruyn, U., Dolnik, C., Stolley, G. & Neumann, P. 2010. New or interesting records of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from northern Germany. — Herzogia 23: 85–91. Records of 19 lichen-forming ascomycetes and two lichenicolous fungi from northern Germany are presented. Bacidia scopulicola and Caloplaca verruculifera are new to Germany; Collemopsidium foveolatum and Verrucaria striatula are reported from Germany for the first time after more than 50 years, as is Dactylosporum tegularum after more than 100 years. Caloplaca albolutescens is recorded from Lower Saxony for the first time, whereas Bacidia friesiana has been rediscovered after more than 80 years. Agonimia vouauxii, Arthonia phaeobaea, Bacidina inundata, Dactylospora tegularum, and Verrucaria elaeina are new to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Agonimia vouauxii, Belonia incarnata, and Collema bachmanianum are new to Schleswig-Holstein. Arthonia phaeobaea and Ramalina siliquosa have been rediscovered in Schlesw...

This paper presents new data on the geographic distribution of 84 lichen species in Bolivia. Bulbothrix chowoensis (Hale) Hale is new to South America. Twenty-five species are new national records: Chaenotheca confusa Tibell, Cora bovei Speg., C. reticulifera Vain., Dictyonema obscuratum Lucking, Spielmann & Marcelli, Gassicurtia ferruginascens (Malme) Marbach & Kalb, Haematomma subinnatum (Malme) Kalb & Staiger, Malmidea badimioides (M. Caceres & Lucking) M. Ca- ceres & Kalb, Maronea constans (Nyl.) Hepp, Menegazzia subsimilis (H. Magn.) R. Sant., Myelochroa lindmanii (Lynge) Elix & Hale, Parmotrema commensuratum (Hale) Hale, P. conformatum (Vain.) Hale, P. disparile (Nyl.) Hale, P. machupicchuense Kurok., P. mordenii (Hale) Hale, P. praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale, P. submarginale (Michx.) DePriest & B. W. Hale, P. viridiflavum (Hale) Hale, P. wainioi (A. L. Sm.) Hale, P. xanthinum (Mull. Arg.) Hale, P. yodae (Kurok.) Hale, Protoparmelia multifera (Nyl.) Kantvilas, Papong & Lumbsch, Ramboldia haematites (Fee) Kalb, Lumbsch & Elix, Solorina spongiosa (Ach.) Anzi and Stigmatochroma metaleptodes (Nyl.) Marbach. Notes on distribution and chemistry are provided.

Cheiromycina globosa and C. ananas spp. nov. are described in the lichenized hyphomycete genus Cheiromycina, one from Germany and one from the USA. A key is provided to all four species now known in genus, and all other lichenized hyphomycetes are briefly mentioned. All are corticolous and rarely recorded, so far only from temperate regions in Europe and North America.