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Previous researches have demonstrated associations between high obesity indices with increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. It has also been established that abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism have an important role in atherogenesis and that non-menopausal females are protected from atherosclerotic cardiovascular events relative to menopausal females and males. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity indices such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BF), and visceral fat (VF) with apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio in non-menopausal Indonesian adult females. A total of 75 non-menopausal Indonesian adult females were included as subjects in this cross-sectional study. Measured indices included BMI, WC, BF, and VF. Measurement of apolipoprotein B and A1 were performed by immunoturbidimetry, followed by calculation of the ratio. A cut-off value of 0.8 was used to define high apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio. Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A1 ratio was significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.384, p=0.001), WC (r=0.363, p=0.001), BF (r=0.385, p=0.001), VF (r=0.380, p=0.001). The area under curve of BF (0.754) was slightly larger than BMI (0.722), VF (0.721), and WC (0.686) in predicting high apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio. A positive significant correlation was observed between obesity indices with the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio. Obesity indices could be used to predict high apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio.

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a main endocrine disorder that may cause vascular complications as the disease progresses. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been linked to the development of micro and macrovascular diabetic complications. This study aimed to assess several factors including blood pressure, body mass index, lipid profile, kidney function, and glycemic control that may provide the rise of serum VEGF levels in type 2 DM subjects. Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 65 type 2 DM subjects. Systole, diastole, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The levels of serum VEGF were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured by latex agglutination inhibition test, while serum glucose, lipid profiles, urea, and creatinine levels were tested by enzymatic photometric method. Results. The levels of serum VEGF had a significant correlation with BMI (p=0.001, r=0.397), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p=0.001, r=0.418), HbA1c (p2 =38.9%) Conclusion. HbA1c is the main determinant factor of serum VEGF levels among type 2 DM patients.

Background: Covid-19 pandemic has become a global problem. One of parameters to assessed the severity of Covid-19 disease was ferritin. Limited researches of ferritin with Covid-19 in Makassar. Aim: Determine relationship between serum ferritin levels and severity of Covid-19. Method: A cross-sectional by taking primary data of Covid-19 patients aged ≥18 years in 67 samples at Unhas Hospital Makassar in September 2020-May 2021. Pregnant women and have a history of chronic infection were excluded. Serum ferritin levels(ng/mL) was measured by the Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay(ELFA) method, mini VIDAS Biomerieux. Kruskal Wallis difference test and Spearman correlation test were performed. ROC curve to determine the cut-off point. Results: Total of 67 confirmed Covid-19 patients aged 18-63 years, with highest number being women(53.7%). Total of 27(40.3%) had comorbidities. Covid-19 patients at mild(53.7%), moderate(23.9%), and severe(22.4%). There is significant difference between serum ferritin levels and severity of Covid-19(p

The COVID-19 incidence is increasing around the world. Some countries are experiencing worsening conditions, evendeaths. One coagulation marker that noticeably increases in COVID-19 patients is D-dimer. This study aimed to analyzeD-dimer levels of COVID-19 patients. Retrospective study using medical records of 84 COVID-19 patients, conducted fromApril to August 2020 at UNHAS Hospital. Patients were grouped based on the severity of the disease as non-severe andsevere. D-dimer levels were measured using the Alere Triage® D-dimer with the fluorescent immunoassay method. Thestatistical test used was Mann-Whitney, D-dimer prognostic levels were calculated with ROC analysis to get the cut-off.Significant if the p < of 0.05. The sample consisted of 74 non-severe and ten severe COVID-19 patients, mostly in the 30-39age group. D-dimer levels in non-severe (0.31±0.38 μg/L) significantly differ from severe group (3.09±2.56 μg/L) (p

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs with various factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic. Treatment of choice can vary from topical, systemic or a combination of both depending on the degree of severity. Recently, treatment using products from human blood has been widely studied, including in the field of dermatology as it has a unique composition. Objective: to assess the effectiveness of autologous serum and single-dose oral doxycycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris Methods: this clinical trial compared two groups which received autologous serum only and autologous serum combined with single dose of oral 200 mg doxycycline, respectively. Photographic pictures and number of lesions (blackheads, papules, pustules) were compared before and after application using Wilcoxon test. Results: A total of 20 participants participated in this study. Both treatment groups showed significant decrease in lesion count (p

Background: Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is an autologous plasma with a platelet concentration above normal values. It contains high levels of growth factor, which plays an important role in tissue repair. The quality of PRP products is influenced by the platelet count, anticoagulants, speed, and centrifugation duration. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) and Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) in PRP preparation by measuring the platelet count (PLT) and platelet index (MPV and PDW).Methods: Experimental laboratory study involved 25 volunteers performed at Hasanuddin University Hospital from September-October 2020. The values of PLT, MPV, PDW were measured using Sysmex XS-800i®. The parameters comparison between EDTA and ACD groups was analyzed using an independent T-test. A comparison of pre and post centrifugation was using paired T-test (significant if p0.05).Conclusion: PRP with ACD had a higher platelet count than EDTA, without significant platelet index changes.ACD is a more effective anticoagulant for the preparation of PRP than EDTA.

Beta-Trace Protein (BTP) is a low-molecular-weight glycoprotein that can convert prostaglandin H2 into prostaglandin D2 and is associated with the vascular function's alteration. Serum beta-trace protein has been proposed as a promising marker in predicting kidney function in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between BTP and glomerulus filtration rate, particularly in hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 70 hypertensive participants admitted to Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from July-August 2019. Beta-trace protein, serum urea, creatinine, blood pressure, and anthropometric were measured. The Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) with Cockcroft Gault was graded using GFR stages. The hypertension was graded according to the category of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2018. A descriptive test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Fisher exact test, Spearman correlation test, and logistic regression test were performed at a confidence level of 95%. Significant differences were found between the age, systole, diastole, blood urea, creatinine, and GFR (p=< 0.05). There was a significant difference between GFR and the degree of hypertension (p=< 0.001), but no differences were found in the mean value of BTP and the degree of hypertension (p=0.348). A significant negative correlation was found between GFR and BTP (p=0.028, r = -0.263). Logistic regression test s showed that the increased BTP led to 2.591 times greater possibility of end-stage renal disease with GFR < 15 mL/min/ 2 1.73 m (crude odds ratio 95% CI 1.168-5.475). Serum beta-trace protein possesses a prognostic ability of glomerulus filtration rate and can be used to predict the odd of end-stage renal disease in hypertensive patients.

Thrombocytopenia is a disease characterized by a decreased platelet count. Some of the causes are decreased platelet production, increased platelet use, such as due to infection, and autoimmune causes, namely the loss of tolerance of the immune system to self-antigens on the surface of the platelets and megakaryocytes marked with a platelet count

Introduction. The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide in high, low, and middle-income countries such as Indonesia. Obesity rate is higher in females in Indonesia. Obesity has important contribution in the occurrence of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several anthropometric measurements such as waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), body mass (BM), total body fat percentage (Fat%) and visceral fat (VF) are related to IR. This study aimed to investigate which of those measurements could be used as a better predictor of IR in non-menopausal Indonesian adult females. Methods. Total of 80 non-menopausal Indonesian adult females ranging from 21 to 40 years were recruited in this study. Insulin resistance was measured by using Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) equation. Subjects with HOMA-IR index >75th percentile with cut-off 2.74 were defined as IR. Waist circumference, BMI and BM were measured, while TF and VF were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Results. HOMA-IR had significant correlation with WC (r = 0.563, p < 0.001), BMI (r = 0.537, p < 0.001), BM (r = 0.515, p < 0.001), VF (r = 0.515, p < 0.001), Fat% (r = 0.490, p < 0.001). The area under curve of VF (0.809), BMI (0.807), WC (0.805), and BM (0.799) are slightly larger than and Fat% (0.766). Conclusion. Insulin resistance had strong correlation with all anthropometric measurements, but the correlation was less significant with Fat%.

Thrombocytopenia or platelet deficiency is a condition, in which platelet level in the blood circulation is below normal, which is less than 150,000 cells/µl. Thrombocytopenia is classified into some conditions, including decreased platelet production, increased need for platelets, and other thrombocytopenia. The need for increased platelets can be subdivided into primary immune thrombocytopenia, secondary immune thrombocytopenia, non-primary ITP, and thrombocytopenia that are not immune-mediated. Several cytokines play a role in the process of thrombocytopenia, one of which is Interleukin-17 (IL-17) that will be further discussed in this study. A previous study reported that IL-17 production increased in ITP and cITP patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the IL-17 levels and figure out the differences in IL-17 levels in the serums of patients with primary ITP and secondary ITP. The samples were taken from Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and the specimens were examined in the Research Unit Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin/Hospital of Universitas Hasanuddin. The comparative test resulted in p-value = 0.005, where p

Objective The objective of this study was analyzed HNP1 and HNP3 level of deteriorating sepsis patients. Methods It was a cross-sectional study that observed HNP and sepsis level, samples size were 40 patients taken by consecutive random sampling. Analysis of HNP serum level use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), data analyzed used independent T-test and presented in tables with mean, standard deviation, mean difference and probability value. Results Results show that when patients become deteriorate or shock sepsis, HNP1 levels increase dramatically, which is 356.2 pg/ml higher than sepsis patients and statistically significant (p = 0.016, p ≤ 0.05). It is similar to HNP3 level, which is 2.04 ng/ml higher than with sepsis patients and statistically significant (p = 0.021, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion This study reveals that HNP1 and HNP3 level increases dramatically in deteriorate sepsis patients. Level of HNP1 and HNP3 of sepsis patient is higher than nonsepsis patient, shock sepsis patient is higher than sepsis patient and both HNP1 and HNP3 level is higher in die patient compare to alive patient.

Introduction This study aimed to analyze various hematological manifestations in tuberculosis (TB) patients using positive and negative smear sputum microscopy. Methods This study was a retrospective study with cross-sectional design. The study subjects consisted of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis who were recruited consecutively at Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Sukapura hospital from 1st of January 2015 to 30 of June 2017. Results There were significant differences in hematological parameters, including leucocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates between acid-fast Bacillus positive (+) and negative (−). Conclusions Changes in the results from the hematological examination in pulmonary TB patients could be used as parameters for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy.

Obesitas sentral adalah penumpukan lemak pada tubuh bagian abdomen yang diakibatkanoleh jumlah lemak berlebih. Interleukin-6 merupakan sitokin yang diekskresi oleh jaringanadiposa dan kadarnya meningkat pada obesitas sentral. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisishubungan indeks obesitas dengan kadar interleukin-6 pada obesitas sentral serta non obesitassentral. Responden dalam penelitian berjumlah 75 subjek yang di antaranya 20 subjek laki-lakidan 20 subjek perempuan obesitas sentral serta 20 subjek laki-laki dan 15 subjek perempuan nonobesitas sentral. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasional. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara indeks massa tubuh (p < 0,001),lingkar pinggang (p < 0,001), lemak tubuh (p = 0,003) dan lemak viseral (p < 0,001) subjekobesitas sentral dengan obesitas non sentral. Hasil penelitian juga membuktikan bahwa IndeksMassa Tubuh (IMT), Lingkar Pinggang (LP), lemak tubuh dan lemak viseral tidak berkorelasidengan IL-6 pada subjek laki-laki dan pada subjek perempuan hanya lemak viseral yangberkorelasi dengan IL-6 (p = 0,043; r = 0,343). Simpulan penelitian, terdapat korelasi signifikanantara lemak viseral dan kadar IL-6 pada subjek perempuan obesitas sentral dan non obesitassentral. Kata kunci: obesitas sentral; lemak viseral; lemak tubuh; interleukin-6

OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer is the most prevalent carcinoma found in Indonesian women, and its incidence remains high worldwide. Lipocalin 2 has been linked with the progression of breast cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is an enzyme that has an important role in angiogenesis. We investigated the relationship between lipocalin 2 and MMP9 and the ability of lipocalin 2 for predicting MMP9 levels in female patients with breast cancer. METHOD: A total of 55 female patients with breast cancer were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Lipocalin 2 and MMP9 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Lipocalin 2 was significantly correlated with MMP9 levels (r = 0.756, p

Sepsis is a major health problem with recent increase of incidence. One of life-threatening complications of sepsis isDisseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). DIC in sepsis can trigger an increase of platelet destruction which can beassessed by platelet count and platelet index. Hence, this research aimed to analyze the correlation of platelet count andplatelet index to the prognosis of adult septic patients. This research was then performed with a retrospective longitudinalstudy design. This research used the medical record data of adult septic patients at the Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo GeneralHospital in Makassar. The data of platelet count and platelet index were collected from routine blood of the patients for thefirst time they were diagnosed with sepsis. In total, this research was performed on 100 adult sepstic patients. Fifty of thosepatients had a good prognosis (cured), while the other fifty patients had a poor prognosis (died). Statistical results showedthat the platelet count in the adult sepsis patients with a poor prognosis was significantly lower than those in patients with agood prognosis with median/minimum-maximum of 157,000/12,000-626,000 and 329,000/96,000-801,000, respectively(p=0.00). It was also known that there was no significant difference of MPV values between patients with poor prognosis andpatients with good prognosis with Mean±SD of 9.54±1.44 and 10.08±2.09, respectively (p=0.138). Unlike MPV values, PDWvalues in patients with poor prognosis were significantly higher than those in patients with good prognosis with Mean±SDof 16.7±6.26 and 11.25±2.13, respectively (p=0.00). Thus, it can be concluded that there was an inverse correlation betweenplatelet count and PDW value (r = -0.58). PDW value, as a result, could be used as a prognosis marker for adult septicpatients. However, it was recommended to perform further research as a prospective study by removing the possibility ofbias.

Researches on the effects of High Fat Diet (HFD) on decreased renal function with cystatin C (cysC) serum levels biomarker are few and show different findings. Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) plays a key role in controlling renal function and one of the integral components of the RAS is Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). Research on the relationship between plasma ACE2 levels with serum cysC levels in animals induced by HFD has not been done. We hypothesize that administration of HFD can cause a decline in early stage renal function through the role of ACE2. 30 male wistar rats aged 10-12 weeks (body weight between 170-220 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 rats/group): baseline, normal diet for 8 weeks (ND8), ND for 16 weeks (ND16), HFD for 8 weeks (HFD8) and HFD for 16 weeks (HFD16). Body weight and naso-anal length were measured to get the index value of obesity and body fat percentage. Obesity index measured are lee index, rohrer index and TM index. Blood samples obtained by intracardiac for examination of plasma ACE2 levels and serum cysC levels. After 8 and 16 weeks, HFD increases body weight, obesity index and body fat percentage. HFD also increases plasma ACE2 levels and serum cysC levels. Body weight, obesity index and body fat percentage have a positive correlation with plasma ACE2 levels. Plasma ACE2 levels were positively correlated with serum cysC levels. HFD causes a decrease of early stage renal function as evidenced by the increase in serum cysC levels. Plasma ACE2 levels play a role in the pathogenesis of the decline in early stage renal function induced by HFD.

The level of N Terminal – Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide was independently associated with an increased risk of hypertension. This study aimed to determine the difference of NT-proBNP serum levels and the correlation between the levels of NT-proBNP in patients with hypertension stage 1 and stage 2. This research was conducted at RSUP dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo in August -September 2018. The research was conducted at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo RSUP from August through September 2018. The study used a cross-sectional design with a total of 72 hypertensive patients, who had met the inclusive criteria. NT-proBNP levels were measured using the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. The collected data is processed using Mann Whitney Different Test and Spearman's rho Correlation Test. The study results indicated that the level of NT-proBNP in the hypertensive patients with stage 2 (172.85 + 316.26) was higher and significantly different (p = 6 years (247.83+361.01) than in the hypertensive group, Peningkatan kadar N Terminal-pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) secara independen terkait dengan peningkatan risiko hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan kadar NT-proBNP serum dan hubungan kadar NT-proBNP pada penderita Hipertensi Derajat 1 dan Derajat 2. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUP dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo pada bulan Agustus -September 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah pasien Hipertensi sebanyak 72 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.Kadar NT-proBNP diukur dengan menggunakan metoda ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Data yang terkumpul diolah dengan uji beda Mann Whithney, Spearman’s rho.Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar NT-proBNP pada penderita hipertensi derajat 2 (172.85+316.26) lebih tinggi dan berbeda bermakna (p=6 tahun (247.83+361.01) dibandingkan kelompok penderita hipertensi

HIV-TB co-infection is a global challenge in the healthcare world. HIV infection causes CD4 to decrease which has a role in TB immunity. CD4 as a marker for HIV progression have expensive cost and not available in all healthcare facilities, so WHO recommended TLC as a substitute for CD4. This study aims to determine the correlation of TLC and CD4 in HIV-TB co-infection patients.This was a retrospective study using medical records of hospitalized patients with HIV-TB co-infection in Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. The correlation was analyzed by Spearman test. CD4 data were divided into two groups: CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 and CD4 ≥ 200 cells/mm3 and Mann-Whitney test was performed. Data were also analyzed by ROC curve.In total 172 data with diagnosis of HIV-TB co-infection, Spearman test showed a positive correlation between TLC and CD4 with moderate correlation strength (p

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease which is still a public health problem till now. World Health Organization (WHO) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) predict an increase in the number of diabetics which become one of the global threats. Some evidences showed that vitamin D deficiency might influenced in pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus that caused by insulin resistence and dysfunction of pancreatic beta cell. The objectives of this study is To analyze Vitamin D levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients that consist of prediabetic group, controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Group, and uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The method used is a cross sectional study. During the study period, a total of 93 samples were obtained which met the study criteria. The sample consist of 33 prediabetic subjects, 30 controlled Type 2 DM subejcts, and 30 uncontrolled Type 2 DM. The study sample consist of 49(52,7%) men and 44(47,3%) women with minimum age 20 years and maximum 79 years (mean 56,59+12,15 years). The minimum HbA1c level was 4,8% and the maximum level was 12,9% (mean 6,95+1,81%). The minimum Vitamin D level was 9,07 ng/ml dan the maximum level was 66,49 ng/ml (mean 26,85+9,30 ng/ml). Kruskal Wallis test showed p value=0,132, Spearman correlation test showed p value>0,05. The clonclusion from this study, there is no significant correlation between vitamin D level and type 2 Diabetes Melllitus consist of Prediabetic group, controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and uncontrolled type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Myocardial infarction consists of STEMI and NSTEMI. Acute myocardial infarction is diagnosed by WHO criteria when at least two of the following three criteria are met: chest pain, electrocardiography (ECG) result changes, and biomarker. Troponin I is specific for cardiac muscle and has an increased level even in small cardiac muscle necrosis and not affected by the renal failure and muscle trauma but have not been standardized by WHO. This research aimed to find the effectivity of Troponin I examination with POCT to help the diagnosis and early detection of AMI. Thus each product has varied sensitivity and specificity. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Clinical Pathology Laboratory and Cardiac Center of the Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar using suspected AMI patients as the subject. Troponin I level tested by POCT from August 2015 to July 2016. Data were analyzed statistically using the ROC curve with SPSS software. A total of 88 patients suspected with AMI, aged 36 to 75 years old. From the tested cut-off values (0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.5, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08 μg/L) the best cut-off value was 0.03 μg/L (93.9% sensitivity, 95.5% specificity, PPV 98.4%, NPV 84.0%, and 94.3% accuracy) where the cut-off value of 0.03 μg/L was the value recommended by the toolkit manual. Even if the cut-off value of 0.02 or 0.04 was used, the sensitivity and specificity value was still fairly good. Troponin I testing using POCT with a cut-off value of 0.03 μg/L can be used routinely in supporting the AMI diagnosis because it is a rapid test with a portable instrument and excellent diagnostic value.

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the earliest and most important serological marker for the diagnosis of HBV infection. The availability of new methods with a high sensitivity to detect HBsAg results in the increase of false reactive results so that a confirmatory test is needed,but this will increase the total test cost. A reactive cut-off value for a confirmatory test is needed to make the use of this test more efficient. This study was a cross-sectional. All the specimens with HBsAg >0.17 Cut-Off Index (COI) were confirmed with HBsAg confirmatory test. HBsAg test used a sandwich ELFA method while HBsAg confirmatory test used an antibody neutralization method. Analysis of the ROC curve obtained HBsAg cut-off value that need confirmatory test. Total samples were 80 with 51 (63.8%) confirmed reactive and 29 (36.2%) non-reactive. There was a statistically significant difference between HBsAg that confirmed reactive (median 2.76 COI) and non-reactive (median 0.32 COI) (p

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the fairly severe Diabetes Mellitus (DM) complications and the main cause of renal failure that can result in mortality. Hyperglycemia in DM induces kidney injury that may result in hemodynamic and metabolic alterations, endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory cells activation. A persistent and continuous inflammation is observed in diabetic nephropathy. One of the inflammation process progression indicators is Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR). To find out the relationship between NLR and decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in diabetic nephropathy. This study was an observational study with a retrospective approach. This study was conducted in Clinical Pathology Laboratory Installation and Medical Record Installation of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Hospital by collecting the patient's data during February 2015 to February 2016. Patients that were diagnosed as type 2 DM without diabetic nephropathy complication were taken as control and those diagnosed as type 2 DM with diabetic nephropathy were treated as study subjects. One hundred and thirteen (113) samples met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 73 diabetic nephropathy patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) 13 diabetic nephropathy patients without CKD and 27 type 2 DM patients without diabetic nephropathy complication. Patients consisted of 57 males (50.4%) and 56 females (49,6%). Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and GFR values in the group of diabetic nephropathy without CKD were 2.03±0.68 and 85.38±24.63, respectively. Whereas, the NLR and GFR values in control group were 1.74±0.54 and 90.03±28.60, respectively. In the group of diabetic nephropathy with CKD, NLR value increased by 3.19±1.83 and GFR decrease by 30.54±16.45. Spearman test indicated a significant relationship between NLR increase and decreased GFR (r = -0.635, p=0.00). There is a significant relationship between NLR increase and decreased GFR in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that causes myelin destruction in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Characteristics of this disease are perivascular infiltration by inflammatory cells, demyelination and loss of axons, accompanied by multiple plaque formation in the brain and spinal cord. According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 400,000 people suffer from MS in the United States and about 2.5 million people worldwide. The disease is usually diagnosed in patients aged 20-45 years and more often found in females than males with a ratio of 2: 1. Nevertheless, the etiology of MS is still unknown, but it is suspected that genetic and environmental factors may induce a response to central nervous system autoantigen, such as Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection. It then causes edema, demyelination, axon destruction and loss of oligodendrosites, resulting in neurological deficits, plaque formation, scarring and reduced brain volume. Multiple sclerosis symptoms and signs actually vary greatly depending on the location of the lesions and the course of the various diseases. Multiple sclerosis, moreover, can be divided into four clinical categories, namely Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS), Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS), Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS) and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS). Diagnosis of Multiple sclerosis is established based on clinical symptoms and supporting investigations, such as MRI, CSF and neurological examination. In CSF examination, oligoclonal bands are found in over 90% of patients, considered as one of the laboratory criteria supporting the diagnosis of MS. There are four kinds of drugs that have been approved by the FDA as disease modifying therapy for the initial treatment of MS patients, namely interferon beta-1a, subcutaneous (SC) interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b and glatiramer acetate In conclusion, life expectancy in MS patients is only slightly reduced and survival is related to the disability occurred.

Hepatitis is an inflammation of liver cells caused by infection (virus, bacteria, paracytes), medication, alcohol consumption, excessive lipid and autoimmune disease. Increasing method (sensitivity) of HBsAg test is often followed by a lot of false positive test results, which need a confirmation test which takes a longer time and higher cost so that it is needed to determine an optimal gray zone range for a confirmation test. This analytical cross-sectional study was held at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of the Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar. The subjects were specimens which HBsAg value was within 0.06-1 COI. Specimens were examined using HBsAg confirmation test. Over 49 samples collected there were 32 reactive and 17 non-reactive. 14 out of 32 reactive samples (43.8%) were confirmed as negative (false positive) by HBsAg confirmation test and 3 out of 17 non-reactive samples (17.6%) were confirmed as positive (false negative). Chi-square test showed a significant correlation between HBsAg value and HBsAg confirmation test value (p=0.009). Chi-square test with some intervals with α=1% showed that the interval of HBsAg value 0.13-0.17 COI was the interval with the lowest significant value (p=0.004). This subsequent interval was recommended as the gray zone range. The range 0.13-0.17 was most optimal as HBsAg gray zone to determine the need for a confirmation test. A further study with larger samples is suggested.

Background:Abdominal obesity is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is often related to metabolic disorder commonly found in abdominal obesity. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is a biomarker which can be used to reflect the activity of mitochondria. Abdominal obesity is more commonly found in males compared to females and the incidence is growing in young adult male, therefore we investigated the relationship of mtDNA copy number and anthropometric and metabolic biomarkers in young adult male.Methods:A total of 25 healthy young adult males of age 19 to 24 years old were recruited in the study. Metabolic biomarkers were evaluated along with body mass index, waist circumference and total body fat, visceral fat by bioelectrical impedance analysis. mtDNA copy number was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes by using real-time polymerase chain reaction method.Results:After adjusting for ages, mtDNA copy number correlated with body mass index (r= 0.45,P= 0.03) and waist circumference (r= 0.43,P= 0.04) but had no significant correlation with fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, testosterone, total body fat and visceral fat.Conclusion:mtDNA copy number has a positive correlation with BMI and waist circumference. Even though it is still controversial over other studies, further studies are needed to explain the causality and significance of our findings.

The Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) is the absolute number of neutrophil derived from the multiplication of the relative number ofleukocytes to the total neutrophil count. Neutrophils can be disturbed due to myelosupressive effects of chemotherapy. Fever is a commonsymptom in neutropenia patients due to chemotherapy. This fever is an emergency requiring rapid handling of Oncology and needsadministration of appropriate antibiotics. Therefore, the data on the occurence of neutropenia and its related fever in patients whomaccept chemotherapy after breast cancer it is important to be noted. This study is carried on to know the Absolute Neutrophil Count(ANC) in breast cancer patients with chemotherapy by analyzing them. The study was performed retrospectively by taking medical recorddata from January up to December 2012 in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar. The absolute Neutrophil Count pre and afterchemotherapy analysis was done to determine neutropenia, as well as the febrile neutropenia and the correlation between ANC withpatients age and stage of breast cancer. A total of 55 samples with the majority of patients (85.45%) were in the age group of 41–60years old. The ANC after chemotherapy occurred in 50 patients were decreased (90.91%). There are five (5) patients (9.09%) with feverand two (2) persons (patients) (3.63%) suffered febrile neutropenia. The correlation analysis between decreased ANC with patient ageand stage of breast cancer are p=0.054 and 0.070 respectively. Based on this study it can be concluded, that decreased ANC occurredin most patients after accepting chemotherapy but only few patients suffered febrile neutropenia. There was no significant correlationbetween the decreased ANC with patient age and stage of breast cancer.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 is a family of extra cellular matrix degrading proteinases. Study results on the role of MMP-2 in breastcancer progression and metastasis are still controversial. The aim of this study was to know the MMP-2 level by analyzing in metastaticand non metastatic breast cancer patients by using a cross sectional design, it was carried out in the Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Ibnu Sina,Labuang Baji Hospitals and at the Research Unit of UNHAS Makassar from April 2012 until June 2012. The 56 breast cancer patientswere divided into two groups: metastatic and non metastatic based on their thorax photo, ultrasonography and/or bone scan results. Theywere also divided into early and advanced stage, based on their TNM staging. The matrix metalloproteinase-2 level was determined byELISA method. The result of this study showed that the mean levels of MMP-2 in metastatic and non metastatic breast cancer were 20.18ng/mL and 17.14 ng/mL, respectively. The independent sample T test showed there was a significant difference (p=0.018) in MMP-2levels between metastatic and non metastatic breast cancer. The mean level of MMP-2 in early and advanced stages was 17.10 ng/mLand 18.31 ng/mL, respectively, the independent sample T test showed no significant difference of MMP-2 level between both stages. Oneway ANOVA test showed no significant difference of MMP-2 level based on tumour size and regional lymph node infiltration. The MMP-2contributed to the metastasis in breast cancer patients. The matrix metalloproteinase-2 level in metastatic was higher than in the nonmetastatic breast cancer, so this condition could be used as a biomarker to predict the metastasis of breast cancer.

Osteoporosis merupakan salah satu penyebab cacat pada usia lanjut karena kebahayaan patah tulang yang disebabkannya. Mulaiusia 50 tahun kemungkinan mengalami patah tulang bagi perempuan adalah 40%"š sedangkan bagi laki-laki 13%. Angka prevalensiosteopeni di Indonesia sebesar 41"š7% dan osteoporosis sebesar 10"š3%. Hal ini berarti dua dari lima penduduk memiliki kebahayaan untukterkena osteoporosis. Interleukin-8 diduga berperan dalam merangsang pembuatan Receptor Activator of NF KappaB Ligand (RANKL)mRNA di osteoblast yang mengikat reseptor RANK di osteoklast yang berperan dalam penurunan kepadatan mineral tulang. Kajianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar Interleukin-8 dan hubungannya dengan kepadatan mineral tulang yang normal, osteopeniadan osteoporosis secara penentuan. Penelitian dilakukan secara potong lintang selama masa waktu antara bulan Mei 2012−Mei 2013menggunakan data primer pemeriksaan kadar Interleukin-8 dan kepadatan mineral tulang pada perempuan yang berusia antara 30−60tahun di Makassar. Data dianalisis dan diolah dengan uji Anova. Kadar interleukin-8 lebih tinggi di densitas mineral tulang (DMT)osteoporosis dibandingkan dengan DMT yang normal dan osteopenia dengan kadar IL-8 pada DMT normal 48,72±12,81, osteopenia55,68±13,75, osteoporosis 62,06±24,45. Hubungan antara IL-8 pada perempuan dengan DMT yang normal dibandingkan denganosteoporosis memperoleh nilai p=0,03, perempuan dengan DMT normal dengan osteopenia p=0,51 dan perempuan osteopenia denganosteoporosis p=0,62. Didasari telitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara peningkatan kadar IL-8dengan kepadatan mineral tulang yang berkurang di kelompok perempuan osteoporosis dibandingkan dengan kelompok DMT yangnormal. Para peneliti berpendapat untuk meneliti lanjutan dengan memperhatikan ciri indeks masa tubuh di sampel penelitian.

Osteoporosis is defined by low bone density and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bonefragility and risk of fracture. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, which need special device,and expensive fee. So it is not routinely done, therefore another type of examination methods is needed. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) cholesterolis the parameter correlated with diminished bone mineral density by affecting osteoblast and osteoclast. The aim of this study was toknow the role of oxLDL in diminished bone mineral density by analyzing it. Cross sectional study was held on 78 subjects during theperiod of October 2011 until June 2013 using the primary data from 30−60 years women population in Makassar, whose FPG, ALT,AST, urea and creatinine are within normal limit. Using oxLDL 6.8mU/L value as cut off, had found odds ratio increase 2.2 times with68.8% probability to suffer diminished BMD. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis show area under curve is 60.8%, using8.05mU/L as a cut off point resulting 68.8% sensitivity, 59.2% specifity, 76.1% positive predictive value, 50% negative predictive value,1.71 positive likelihood ratio, 0.53 negative likelihood ratio and 65.4% accuracy. Concluded that oxLDL ≥6.8mU/L increases risk tosuffer diminished BMD 2.2 times. As a diagnostic marker, oxLDL has a weak diagnostic strength and accuracy (68.8% sensitivity and59.2% specifity). The researchers have the opinion to perform a further study with larger and various population, concern on oxLDLbio availability and use it with another parameter as a panel test.

Chronic liver disease is an endemic disease in Indonesia which is still a global health problem and detected when it's developinginto fibrosis. The determination of fibrosis is important for the treatment and prognosis of chronic liver disease. AST to Platelet RatioIndex (APRI) score is the most common used to assess the degree of liver fibrosis. Ferritin is an iron deposit that found in the liver andthe levels depend on the degree of the cell damage. The aim of this study was to analyze ferritin levels as a marker of the fibrosis degreein the chronic liver disease. This cross-sectional study of 47 patients with chronic liver disease performed at Dr. Wahidin SudirohusodoGeneral Hospital between May–June 2012. The subjects are grouped into cirrhotic and noncirrhotic, based on the theory that in cirrhoticliver fibrosis was considered as an irreversible condition. AST to platelet ratio index score based on the Wai CT formulation, includingthe examination of AST by optimizing UV-test according to International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) modified method onthe ABX Pentra 400, examination of platelet by impedance method on Sysmex XT 2000i and ferritin levels were measured by ECLIAmethod using Elecsys 2010 Analyzer. The Spearman correlation tests showed no association between ferritin levels and APRI in cirrhoticand non cirrhotic patients (p=0.704 and r=–0.057). In conclusion, ferritin can not be used as the marker in determining the degreeof fibrosis patients suffering chronic liver disease. Further studies are expected using a more valid method for determining the degree offibrosis such as liver biopsy or fibro scan.

Carcinoma Mammae is a malignant disease originating from mammary parenchyma, and the second largest cause of death inthe world. Ferritin is a marker of neoplasia, which levels are increased in non-metastatic carcinoma mammae and more increased inmetastatic carcinoma mammae. This cross sectional study was conducted during June 2012 in carcinoma mammae patients of theWahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Ibnu Sina Hospital and Labuang Baji Hospital in Makassar. The aim of this study was to know theserum ferritin levels in metastatic and non-metastatic carcinoma mammae. In this study, 56 samples were obtained and grouped intometastatic and non-metastatic carcinoma mammae patients based on the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM). Ferritin test was conductedby ECLIA method using Elecsys Analyzer Kit 2010 (Roche, USA). The study showed that the average ferritin concentration in advancedstage of carcinoma mammae (155.45 ng/mL) was higher than in the early stage (82.74 ng/m). The Mann Whitney test showed significantdifferences between the early and advanced stage (p=0.01), the median ferritin value in metastatic carcinoma mammae was higherthan non-metastatic (79.85 ng/mL). The Mann Whitney test showed significant differences between metastatic and non - metastaticcarcinoma mammae patients (p=0.00). Based on this study, it can be concluded, that ferritin levels can be used as a biomarker to predictthe progressivity of carcinoma mammae.

Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) as a new marker of atherogenicity and directly related to the risk of atherosclerosis, is a simpleand inexpensive method to assess the severity of atherogenic dyslipidemia. 97% of adult patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) will havedyslipidemia including increased levels of TG, low HDL-C levels whereas LDL cholesterol levels had no effect. To determine the atherogenicindex of plasma in controlled and uncontrolled T2DM. A Cross-sectional study was conducted on 72 controlled T2DM samples and 112uncontrolled T2DM samples from Clinic of Endocrine and Methabolic dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar, starting from April-May 2013. Fasting glucose level, triglycerides, HDL-C and HbA1c determined using ABX Pentra 400 (colorimetric method). Data thenanalyzed with Mann Withney U test. Most of the samples are male, with the age range from 51-60 years old. Mean AIP is not so differentbetween the two groups (0.51±0.28 and 0.55±0.28 respectively). Fasting glucose level, triglycerides, HDL-C in T2DM uncontrolled werehigher than controlled. The atherogenic index of plasma of controlled T2DM group were 0.93 times lower than uncontrolled T2DM, MannWithney U test showed that there were no significant correlation between both of group (p>0.05). Atherogenic index of plasma cannotbe used to distinguish between controlled and uncontrolled T2DM.

Sindrom Koroner Akut (SKA) merupakan puncak manifestasi klinis aterosklerosis di arteri koroner. Inflamasi terjadi dari tahapawal pembentukan ateroma sampai ruptur plak dan trombosis. Trombosis memainkan peran penting dalam perjalanan penyakit SKA.Trombositosis dan limfopenia berhubungan dengan derajat inflamasi sistemik dan Rasio Platelet Limfosit (PLR) menjadi petanda baruyang melibatkan kedua tolok ukur hematologi tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif di Rumah sakit Dr. WahidinSudirohusodo Makassar dengan mengambil data pasien SKA UAP, STEMI, NSTEMI dan menilai PLR dari pemeriksaan darah rutin saatmasuk Rumah sakit. Data PLR dibandingkan berdasarkan jenis SKA, kemudian dibandingkan dengan kontrol sehat. Hasil penelitiandidapatkan 223 data pasien SKA UAP, STEMI dan NSTEMI masing-masing 89, 68, 66 data dan kontrol normal 198 data. Hasil ujistatistik Kruskal wallis menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna PLR antara pasien UAP, NSTEMI dan STEMI (p=0,011). Hasil uji post hocmenunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara UAP dan NSTEMI (p=0,023), UAP dan STEMI (p=0,006), tetapi tidak berbeda bermaknaantara NSTEMI dan STEMI (p=0,827). Nilai PLR pasien SKA lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pembanding (p=0,037). Berdasarkanhasil penelitian didapatkan nilai PLR meningkat di SKA dibandingkan dengan kontrol normal. Nilai PLR di STEMI dan NSTEMI lebihtinggi dibandingkan UAP, kemungkinan berhubungan dengan pembentukan trombus dan infark miokard.

Creatine Kinase (CK) merupakan salah satu uji yang sering diperiksakan untuk mendiagnosis infark miokard akut. Peningkatanenzim ini menunjukkan ada nekrosis sel otot meskipun tidak khas di otot jantung. Kenaikan tingkat CK di infark miokard akutmenggambarkan luas serta beratnya penyakit dan dihubungkan dengan peningkatan angka kematian pasien. Untuk mengetahui tingkatCK di pasien infark miokard akut saat masuk rumah sakit dan menilai pengaruhnya terhadap angka kematian pasien selama perawatandi rumah sakit. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian potong lintang dengan mengambil data sekunder dari rekam medik 62 pasien infarkmiokard akut yang dirawat di Unit Perawatan Jantung Intensif Rumah Sakit Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar masa waktu bulanJuli 2010 hingga Juni 2011. Kadar CK yang diteliti diperoleh saat pasien masuk rumah sakit. Uji statistic dilakukan dengan uji MannWhitney, T Test dan Chi-Kuadrat. Rerata kadar CK di pasien infark miokard akut yang tetap hidup dan meninggal selama perawatanadalah 507,38+749,62 U/L dan 1995,39+2290,06 U/L (p=0,002). Perbedaan tingkat angka kematian yang bermakna ditemukanantar kuartil CK (p=0,021). Kebahayaan relatif angka kematian pada kuartil keempat (4) sebesar 13 kali dibandingkan dengan kuartilkesatu (1) (selang kepercayaan 95%, 2,07-81,5; p=0,006), kuartil ketiga (3) sebesar 4,8 kali dibandingkan dengan kuartil kesatu (1)(selang kepercayaan 95%, 1,07-21,45; p=0,04) dan kuartil kedua (2) sebesar 3 kali dibandingkan dengan kuartil kesatu (1) (selangkepercayaan 95%, 0,68-13,3; p=0,148).Didasari telitian ini, ditemukan perbedaan bermakna kadar CK ditemukan saat masuk rumahsakit di pasien infark miokard akut yang tetap hidup maupun yang meninggal selama perawatan. Semakin tinggi kadar CK saat pasienmasuk rumah sakit semakin tinggi tingkat angka kematiannya.

Hiperbilirubin di neonatus merupakan kondisi peningkatan bilirubin total (> 5mg/dL) di bayi baru lahir. Angka kejadian di bayicukup bulan mencapai 60%. Kejadian hiperbilirubin di bayi baru lahir salah satu penyebab terbanyak bayi harus mendapat perawatan.Kejadian hiperbilirubinemia di neonatus yang disebabkan oleh sepsis 3–8%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubunganpeningkatan petanda sepsis C-Reaktif Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT), rasio jumlah imature to total neutrofil (IT ratio) dan jumlahtrombosit di neonatus dengan hiperbilirubinemia dan menilai kenasabannya. Penelitian retrospektif dengan pendekatan potong lintangdengan mengambil data rekam medis pasien yang diperiksa kadar bilirubin total di RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar masawaktu Januari-Desember 2015. Patokan kesertaan, pasien dengan pemeriksaan petanda sepsis CRP, PCT, IT Ratio dan trombosit,dengan diagnosis akhir sepsis. Data dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok hiperbilirubin dan non-hiperbilirubin, diuji dengan Uji MannWhitnney atau Uji T Independen untuk melihat hubungan antara keempat petanda sepsis dengan kelompok bilirubin. Data kelompokhiperbilirubinemia kemudian diuji kenasaban Spearman untuk melihat kenasaban keempat petanda sepsis dengan kadar bilirubin.Diperoleh total 92 sampel yang memenuhi patokan kesertaan, kelompok hiperbilirunemia 67,4% dan non-hiperbilirubinemia 32,6%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai keempat petanda sepsis diantara kedua kelompok (p>0,05),terdapat kenasaban negatif jumlah trombosit dengan sepsis hiperbilirubinemia (p

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) adalah penyakit autoimun dan bersifat multi organ. Kelainan hematologi sering ditemukandi penyakit ini, begitu juga dengan kelainan ginjal yang merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat berpengaruh. Uji ANA profile dapatmengetahui subtipe antibodi antinuklear yang khas. Autoantibodi tersebut diduga berhubungan dengan manifestasi klinis. Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian analitik retrospektif di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik dan Instalasi Rekam Medik RSUP. Dr. Wahidin SudirohusodoMakassar dengan mengambil data hasil ANA profile, darah rutin dan urinalisis pasien terduga SLE masa waktu Januari 2014–Juli 2016.Data dikelompokkan menjadi SLE dan nonSLE. Analisis statitik dengan uji Chi Kuadrat dan Fisher. Dari 72 sampel, 39 dengan diagnosaakhir SLE. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara anti RNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, Ro-52, dsDNA, Nucleosome, Histone, Ribosomal P denganSLE (p

Troponin I is a cardiac biomarker recomended by The Third Global Myocardial Infarction Task Force World Health Organisation(WHO). Troponin plays a central role as a relevant biomarker that require reliable samples, methods, device and efficiency of time.Selecting the device, methods and sample used in the assay may affect the results and turn arround time. The aim of this study is toknow troponin I result using Point of care Testing device with a flourescence immunoassay methods using whole blood and laboratorybasedanalysis device with Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) methods using serum by evaluation. Cross sectional study was heldon 50 subjects in Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital during the period between July-August 2015, those who suspected suffering acutecoronary syndome (ACS) and underwent troponin I test ordered by the physician and also had whole blood sample. The subjects arearound 51.96±12.80 year old and most of them are men (62%). The mean consentration of troponin I with laboratoric-based analysis is0.50±1.69 μg/L and with POCT is 0.51±1.77. The Pearson correlation test shows the correlation (r) is 0.99 with the p value is

The transportation of laboratorial samples with pneumatic tube system spends less time than when were handled by courier.Pneumatic tube system produces minor vibrations on sample due to the velocity changes during transportation and may cause changeson the blood cells and haemolysis. The aim of this study is to know the effect of sample transportation with pneumatic tube on bloodcells and its effect on hemolysis. A cross sectional study was performed at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar in July 2013.Routine blood, electrolyte and LDH were tested in 12 out-patients. The researchers collected two (2) samples, for each EDTA tube (routineblood tests) and serum (electrolyte and LDH). The samples were transported using pneumatic tube and the paired samples were sentby courier. The result then were analyzed with Paired T-Test. There were no significant difference of routine blood test results betweensamples sent by pneumatic tube and courier except RDW. RDW were higher in samples which were sent by pneumatic tube comparedto those brought by the courier (18.72±2.70% vs 17.83±2.36%, p=0.007). The electrolyte levels sent by both methods there were nosignificant difference, but the LDH levels were higher in samples sent by pneumatic tube (472.08±100.44 U/L vs 331.25±94.19 U/L,p=0.000). Based on this study, in common can be concluded that the pneumatic tube system does not effect on the routine blood testresults, except on RDW and does not cause changes due to haemolysis (on electrolyte) except the LDH levels elevates. So based on thisstudy, it is recommended to send samples for LDH test only by courier.

Carcinoma Mammae (CM) is a malignancy of epithelial cells restricting at the breast ducts or lobes which causes very high mortalityrate. The Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is reflecting the inflamatory status, has been reported to be a prognostic indicator in somemalignant tumors. The purpose of this study is to know the NLR as an indicator of the progressivity of CM by analyzing it. A retrospectiveobservational study performed using data from the medical record of CM patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from January 2010up to December 2012. The diagnosis were established by the clinicians based on the result of histopathological exsamination, chest X-ray,abdominal ultrasound, bone scan and CT scan. The patients with surgical history, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, leukocytes >12.000/mm3and incomplete data were excluded from the analysis. The data distribution was analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The relationbetween NLR in CM was analized by One way ANOVA test and post hoc analysis. The result were 130 samples, consisting of 17 patientsin early stage, 71 in stage III and 42 in stage IV CM. In the early stage the mean of NLR were 1.69, 2.04 in stage III and 2.89 in stage IVand their differences were statistically significant (p