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This study examines the critical roles of zinc and molybdenum in improving pulse crop productivity and sustainability within India's agricultural landscape. Pulses are essential to Indian diets, providing a primary protein source, yet yields are limited due to soil micronutrient deficiencies, especially in zinc and molybdenum. Zinc is crucial for enzyme activation, protein synthesis, and hormone regulation, supporting plant growth and resilience. Molybdenum, necessary for nitrogen fixation, enhances pulse productivity by aiding in the formation of nitrogenase, a key enzyme in nitrogen metabolism. Deficiencies in these nutrients lead to stunted growth, reduced yields, and poor crop quality. This review highlights research on the impacts of zinc and molybdenum applications, including soil, foliar and seed treatment methods, showing yield improvements of up to 20% in zinc applications and 15% with molybdenum. Sustainable practices, including integrated nutrient management and biofortification, are proposed as strategies to enhance soil health and crop resilience, while also providing environmental and economic benefits. These findings emphasize the importance of zinc and molybdenum management in achieving sustainable pulse production in India, addressing both food security and agricultural sustainability goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]