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International audience; Die Entwicklung des nachhaltigen Weinbaus ist eine Herausforderung, um den aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen gerecht zu werden. Die IDEA4-Methode (Indicateurs de durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles, Indikatoren zur Nachhaltigkeit landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe) ist eines der Bewertungsinstrumente, die Winzern helfen sollen, diesem Anspruch gerecht zu werden. Anhand der Version 4 von IDEA und in Zusammenarbeit mit der Firma Ekylibre veranschaulicht dieser Artikel die Bewertung der Gesamtleistung (Nachhaltigkeitsgrad) eines Châteaus in der Region Bordeaux; Sustainable viticulture is being developed to meet the challenges of current societal expectations. Numerous assessment tools have emerged in recent years. The IDEA method (Indicateurs de Durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles or Farm Sustainability Indicators) is one of these assessment tools. Using the 4th version of IDEA (IDEA4), This article assesses the overall performance (level of sustainability) of a wine estate in Bordeaux in partnership with the company Ekylibre.; El desarrollo de una viticultura sostenible es un desafío a la hora de responder a las expectativas societales de la actualidad. El método IDEA4 (Indicadores de Durabilidad de las Explotaciones Agrícolas) es una herramienta de evaluación que permite ayudar a los viticultores a responder a esta demanda. Promocionando la versión 4 de IDEA, este artículo ilustra la evaluación del desempeño global (nivel de sustentabilidad) de una bodega de Burdeos en colaboración con la sociedad Ekylibre.; Le développement d’une viticulture durable est un enjeu pour répondre aux attentes sociétales actuelles. La méthode IDEA4 (Indicateurs de durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles) est l’un des outils d’évaluation qui permet d’aider les viticulteurs à répondre à cette demande. En mobilisant la version 4 d’IDEA, cet article illustre l’évaluation de la performance globale (niveau de durabilité) d’un château du Bordelais réalisé dans le cadre d’une recherche conduite en partenariat avec la société Ekylibre.; Lo sviluppo di una viticoltura sostenibile è una sfida che risponde alle attuali aspettative della società. Il metodo IDEA4 (Indicatori di Sostenibilità delle Aziende Agricole) è uno degli strumenti di valutazione che permette di aiutare i viticoltori a soddisfare questa domanda. Utilizzando la versione 4 di IDEA, questo articolo illustra la valutazione della performance complessiva (livello di sostenibilità) di una cantina di Bordeaux in collaborazione con la società Ekylibre.

Cet article analyse le r��le de l���engagement des managers pour l���adoption de certifications environnementales et durables dans la fili��re vitivinicole. Une analyse th��orique, bas��e sur une revue de la litt��rature et une approche par les parties prenantes, fournit le cadre conceptuel permettant d���estimer la probabilit�� d���adopter de telles certifications. Les r��gressions logistiques montrent que la d��cision est motiv��e en premier lieu par les convictions et l���engagement des managers., This paper explores the role of the manager in the sustainable development (SD) certification decision in wine firms. A theoretical analysis, based on a literature review and a stakeholder approach, provides a conceptual framework for estimating the probability of adopting a SD certification. The logistical regressions show that SD certification adoption first relies on the managers��� convictions and their personal involvement in SD.

Ce volume regroupe les textes issus du programme Casdar "Innovation et Partenariat" et "Recherche finalisée et innovation" de 2014. Il a été réalisé sous l’égide du GIS Relance Agronomique.; Vitiforest is an exploratory project. The objectives were to assess and describe the effects of trees onthe agronomic behavior of the vine, on the microclimate, as well as on the aerial and soil biodiversity.The technical and economic aspects were also assessed. A multidisciplinary team of researchers set upvarious protocols and measurement tools at vineyard scale. The study compared six plots ofagroforestry-based vineyards from three viticultural areas in the southwest of France (Bordelais, Côtesde Gascogne et Cahors): three vineyards newly planted and three older ones (9 years old max).All the plots were measured in order to establish initial states for various parameters (aerial biodiversity,earthworms, microbial communities) and to characterise the intrinsic heterogeneity. Extra data werecollected on the three older plots, among which yield and vigor of vines, microclimatic parameters, etc.On configuration with wide tree rows, we observed a decrease in maximal temperatures on vines,particularly on days with high evaporative demand. After 9 years, the practice of having grown treesalongside vines has not impacted yield, vigor of vines or composition of grapevines. This result ispromising, but further and longer monitoring is needed.No evidence of effects on ground-surface and foliage arthropods were observed, nor on pests. For themoment, no influence on the abundance and diversity of soil microorganisms has been observed either.On the other hand, an increase in the abundance of earthworms has been shown on all tree rows. Itseems that communities of microorganisms were slightly modified due to the presence of trees.Regarding technical and economic aspects, further investigations are necessary. At this stage, it is clearthat one of the best ways to deal with the complexity of agroforestry-based vineyards resides inmathematical modelling, to be still constructed.; Vitiforest est un projet exploratoire dont les objectifs étaient d’évaluer et de décrire l’impact de l’arbresur le comportement agronomique de la vigne, le microclimat, ainsi que sur la biodiversité aérienne etdu sol. Il s'est aussi intéressé aux aspects technico-économiques.Une équipe pluridisciplinaire a testé divers protocoles et outils de mesure à l'échelle parcellaire. Sixparcelles de vignes agroforestières ont été sélectionnées sur trois terroirs viticoles du sud-ouest de laFrance aux caractéristiques assez différentes (Bordelais, Côtes de Gascogne et Cahors) : Troisnouvellement plantées et trois plus anciennes.Toutes les parcelles ont bénéficié de mesures pour établir un état initial selon divers paramètres(biodiversité aérienne, lombric, communautés microbiennes) et pour caractériser l'hétérogénéitéintrinsèque. Les trois parcelles plus anciennes, dites "fonctionnelles" ont été décrites de manière plusdétaillée (état hydrique et azoté de la vigne, rendement, composition du raisin, paramètresmicroclimatiques, etc.).Au niveau des résultats, un rafraîchissement des vignes voisines du rang d’arbres a été observé lors dejournées à forte demande évaporative, dans le cas de larges allées. Sur le plan agronomique, laprésence d’arbres depuis 8 ou 9 ans à proximité de la vigne n’a pas d’effet direct sur sa vigueur et lacomposition des raisins. Ce résultat est encourageant mais devra être confirmé par de nouveaux suivisdu système au cours des dix prochaines années. Il n'y a pas pour le moment d'effets forts ethomogènes des arbres sur les arthropodes épigés et du feuillage. C'est le même constat pour lesravageurs. Au niveau du sol, on n'observe pas non plus d'effets sur l’abondance et la diversitémicrobienne. La composition des communautés microbiennes semble cependant légèrement impactéepar la présence des arbres. Enfin, une abondance supérieure de lombrics a été mesurée sur les lignesd'arbres.Concernant les aspects technico-économiques, des travaux complémentaires seront nécessaires. Lamodélisation sera certainement un outil à privilégier pour tenir compte de la diversité et de la complexitéde ces systèmes.

International audience

International audience; To assist the analysis, assessment and design of agro-ecological cropping systems a conceptualization at farm level is required. This Farm System (FS) is an integrative scale to assess multicriteria performances of cropping systems and their organization in space. We proposed a methodology to guide the conceptualization of an issue (here related to the agro-ecological transition) into a farm system. The output is a conceptual model aimed at sharing knowledge from various sources, organizing a set of indicators for assessing or implementing a numerical model. We have adapted to the FS the method proposed by Lamanda et al., 2012 on the agrosystem at field scale to guide the conceptualization of an issue into an Agrosystem. The conceptualization is based on structure-function analysis that is to say the relations in time and space between the components of the system (nature and organization), the processes (biophysical, technical, socio-economic) and the performances. The originality of the concept of activity to decompose with parcimony the FS. An activity is defined by a type of agricultural product and the technical , biophysical, financial and labor input used for it. Activities are performedon all fields of the "farm territory" (i.e. all pieces of land, including ecological infrastructures included by the farmer in the farm activities). The final product of the methodology is a conceptual model of the FS for the issue to be addressed. The approach has been tested on case studies of agro-ecological vineyard farms. We showed that the methodology to guide conceptualization was appropriate to identify activities with parsimony and at the crossroad of different disciplines. The conceptual model obtained was used to define and calculate a set of indicators of FS performances. In the case study of a farm in conversion to organic farming, four activities in conventional farming and four in organic farming were identified whereas the vineyard regrouped 19 plots. Each activity was qualified by labor requirements and its cost at different periods of the year. We also tested its relevance for life cycle assessment and economic analysis of grape production. Finally we tested the approach to assess strategic decisions related to production factors during transition towards agro-ecological farming. The conceptual model was used to derive a bioeconomic model of the FS based on linear programming and optimization. The methodology of conceptualization of an issue into a Farm System was developed and tested on vineyards farms which are particulary complex in term of combination of activities and fields. The methodology demonstrated its use for sharing knowledge between different disciplines, integrating various results of a project and implementing numerical model for scenario analysis. It provides an operational way to integrate the biophysical, technical and socio-economic dimensions needed to design and manage the agro-ecological transition of farms.

International audience; This article shows how new theoretical work on assessing sustainability of farms, carried out as part of a multidisciplinary approach, allowed a new theoretical framework to be develop, along with version 4 of the IDEA Method (Indicateurs de Durabilité d'une Exploitation Agricole). The first section divides existing studies taken from the literature into two types of indicator-based conceptual frameworks: those based on sustainable agriculture objectives, and those based on a systemic approach focusing on the properties of sustainability as applied to agriculture. The second part of this article explains the overall process of assessing farm sustainability based on the conceptual framework developed for IDEA v.4. The theoretical framework relates to strong sustainability, and agricultural multifunctionality (with 12 associated objectives). The method includes a systemic analysis of sustainability based on five properties observed within a sustainable farm: The ability to produce and reproduce goods and services; Autonomy; Robustness, Territorial embeddedness and Overall responsibility. These properties are then evaluated from 54 different indicators of agricultural sustainability. The method combines two mutually complementary approaches to assessing sustainability. The first of these examines the extent to which sustainability has been achieved (in agro-ecological, socio-territorial and economic terms) by aggregating indicators based on 13 components and a scoring system using sustainability " units ". The second approach assesses the level of sustainability based on the five properties mentioned above. Indicators are aggregated hierarchically and organised based on 14 key categories. We show how the concept of properties has real educational value and can help to bring a new perspective to the field of sustainable farming.

L’enjeu de l’agroécologie est aujourd’hui perçu et compris par une grande majorité du monde agricole et répond à une aspiration sociétale. En viticulture, il se cristallise autour de l’utilisation des produits phytosanitaires, mais aussi de la qualité et la fertilité des sols et la biodiversité des parcelles.

National audience; L’enjeu de l’agroécologie est aujourd’hui perçu et compris par une grande majorité du monde agricole et répond à une aspiration sociétale. En viticulture, il se cristallise autour de l’utilisation des produits phytosanitaires, mais aussi de la qualité et la fertilité des sols et la biodiversité des parcelles.

National audience